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Lin Y, Liu L, Lu S, Fan L, Hu H, Wang X, Zhu J, Qiang X, He J, Zhou H, Shao S, Zheng G. Genomic Insights into the Pathogenicity and Drug-Resistance of a Bacillus cereus Isolated from Human Teeth. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:3623-3635. [PMID: 39184013 PMCID: PMC11342944 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s477637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus cereus is a common bacterium found in the environment. Some strains can cause food poisoning, and very few can cause clinically severe infections, leading to death. Here, we characterized the genome sequence of B. cereus LIN78 isolated from teeth with deep caries and compared it with those of 25 other related species. Methods Third-generation sequencing technology, bacteriological analyses, biochemistry, and mass spectrometry were applied to characterize the drug-resistance genes and virulence factors of B. cereus LIN78. Results The complete genome sequence of B. cereus Lin78 consists of 5647 genes distributed on a circular chromosome, a 393 kbp plasmid, and 928 pseudogenes (37.4% of whole-genome DNA). The LIN78 genome contains 14 sets of 16s, 23s, and 5s ribosomal RNA operons; 106 tRNA genes, one tmRNA, 12 genomic islands, six prophases, 64 repeats; 37 antibiotic-resistant genes; and 1119 putative virulence genes, including enterotoxins and cytolysins. The B. cereus LIN78 genome carries multiple copies of non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase (NRPS) and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Phylogenetic analysis of the 26 B. cereus strains showed that B. cereus LIN78 is evolutionarily closely related to B. thuringiensis ATCC 10792 and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Conclusion The newly isolated B. cereus carries many virulence genes, including enterotoxins and hemolysins, similar to B. anthracis, and multiple antibiotic resistance genes. These findings suggest that the strain has a potential risk of causing disease. Our studies are vital for further exploration of the evolution of B. cereus, its pathogenic mechanisms, and the control and treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 31300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lehua Liu
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyang Lu
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqi Fan
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqi Hu
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanyin Wang
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichao Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Qiang
- Clinical Laboratory, First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Infectious Diseases Department, First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 31300, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Shao
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoming Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Abdelaziz MNS, Zayda MG, Maung AT, El-Telbany M, Mohammadi TN, Lwin SZC, Linn KZ, Wang C, Yuan L, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Genetic Characterization, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Genes Profiling of Bacillus cereus Strains from Various Foods in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:774. [PMID: 39200074 PMCID: PMC11351997 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu stricto is a foodborne pathogen that causes food poisoning. Their spore and biofilm-forming abilities persist in various environments and foods. This study investigated the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of B. cereus s. s. strains isolated from various food samples. Of 179 samples, 22.34% were positive for B. cereus s. s., with significantly high detection rates in milk products and raw chicken meat. Forty strains were isolated from positive samples. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed nine distinct clusters and multi-locus sequence typing revealed 34 sequence types including 23 novel sequences, demonstrating high genetic diversity among the isolates. PCR analysis revealed that all the strains contained at least one toxin gene, but none contained the cytK gene. Antibiotic resistance tests revealed that all isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant, with high resistance levels, particularly to β-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin, but were susceptible to gentamicin. All isolates showed variations in biofilm formation. This study highlights the significant public health risk due to B. cereus s. s. and underscores the need for stringent monitoring and control measures in food production to manage antimicrobial resistance and ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Nabil Sayed Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
- Department of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gamaleldin Zayda
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | | | - Su Zar Chi Lwin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Khin Zar Linn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Ken-ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.N.S.A.); (A.T.M.); (M.E.-T.); (S.Z.C.L.); (K.Z.L.); (C.W.); (L.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.-i.H.)
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Zhang W, Ma C, Hu L, Wang L, Xu F. Late-onset sepsis in newborns caused by Bacillus Cereus: a case report and literature review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:66. [PMID: 39061043 PMCID: PMC11282708 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a bacterium capable of causing late-onset neonatal sepsis. By analyzing 11 cases, this study investigates the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Bacillus cereus infections, aiming to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and therapy. The study scrutinized 11 instances of late-onset neonatal sepsis, including two fatalities attributable to Bacillus cereus, one accompanied by cerebral hemorrhage. An examination and analysis of these cases' symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, and treatment processes, along with a review of related literature from 2010 to 2020, revealed a high mortality rate of 41.38% in non-gastrointestinal infections caused by Bacillus cereus. Our findings underscore the critical importance of rapid diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy in reducing mortality rates. Once the source of infection is identified, implementing effective infection control measures is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Caihua Ma
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Linghui Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Falin Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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4
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Schmid PJ, Forstner P, Kittinger C. Sliding motility of Bacillus cereus mediates vancomycin pseudo-resistance during antimicrobial susceptibility testing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1628-1636. [PMID: 38785365 PMCID: PMC11215547 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycopeptide vancomycin is the antimicrobial agent-of-choice for the treatment of severe non-gastrointestinal infections with members of Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.). Recently, sporadic detection of vancomycin-resistant phenotypes emerged, mostly for agar diffusion testing such as the disc diffusion method or gradient test (e.g. Etest®) method. RESULTS In this work, we were able to disprove a preliminarily assumed high resistance to vancomycin in an isolate of B. cereus s.l. using broth microdilution and agar dilution. Microscopic imaging during vancomycin susceptibility testing showed spreading towards the inhibition zone, which strongly suggested sliding motility. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Seq on the nanopore platform revealed several key genes of biofilm formation (e.g. calY, tasA, krsEABC) to be up-regulated in pseudo-resistant cells, substantiating that bacterial sliding is responsible for the observed mobility. Down-regulation of virulence (e.g. hblABCD, nheABC, plcR) and flagellar genes compared with swarming cells also confirmed the non-swarming phenotype of the pseudo-resistant isolate. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight an insufficiency of agar diffusion testing for vancomycin susceptibility in the B. cereus group, and reference methods like broth microdilution are strongly recommended. As currently no guideline mentions interfering phenotypes in antimicrobial susceptibility testing of B. cereus s.l., this knowledge is essential to obtain reliable results on vancomycin susceptibility. In addition, this is the first report of sliding motility undermining accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing in B. cereus s.l. and may serve as a basis for future studies on bacterial motility in susceptibility testing and its potential impact on treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Schmid
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Forstner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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5
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Moro GE, Girard M, Peila C, Garcia N, Escuder-Vieco D, Keller K, Cassidy T, Bertino E, Boquien CY, Buffin R, Calvo J, Gaya A, Gebauer C, Lamireau D, Lembo D, Picaud JC, Wesolowska A, Arslanoglu S, Cavallarin L, Giribaldi M. New alternatives to holder pasteurization in processing donor milk in human milk banks. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1409381. [PMID: 38988859 PMCID: PMC11234892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious and toxicological risks are the main potential hazards that operators of Human Milk Banks (HMBs) encounter and must eliminate. HMBs are trying to implement procedures that allow to manage and sanitize human milk without altering significantly its nutritional and biologically protective components, obtaining a product characterized by a valid balance between safety and biological quality. The history of human milk processing is linked to the origins of HMBs themselves. And although other forms of sterilization were used originally, pasteurization soon became the recognized most effective means for sanitizing milk: all the milk that arrives at the HMB must be pasteurized. Holder pasteurization (HoP) is the most used methodology, and it is performed using low temperature and long time (+62.5°C for 30 min). With HoP some bioactive milk components are lost to varying degrees, but many other precious bioactive compounds are completely or partially preserved. To improve the quality of human milk processed by HMBs, maintaining in the meantime the same microbiological safety offered by HoP, new technologies are under evaluation. At present, High-Temperature Short-Time pasteurization (HTST) and High-Pressure Processing are the most studied methodologies. HTST is already utilized in some HMBs for daily practical activity and for research purposes. They seem to be superior to HoP for a better preservation of some nutritional and biologically protective components. Freeze-drying or lyophilization may have advantages for room temperature storage and transportation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the advancement regarding the processing of DHM with a literature search from 2019 to 2022. The effects of the new technologies on safety and quality of human milk are presented and discussed. The new technologies should assure microbiological safety of the final product at least at the same level as optimized HoP, with an improved preservation of the nutritional and bioactive components of raw human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido E Moro
- Associazione Italiana delle Banche del Latte Umano Donato (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa Girard
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Peila
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Garcia
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna Aladina-MGU, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Escuder-Vieco
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna Aladina-MGU, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristin Keller
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna Aladina-MGU, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tanya Cassidy
- Kathleen Lonsdale Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Rachel Buffin
- Neonatology UnitCroix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne Regional Human Milk Bank, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Javier Calvo
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering (TERCIT), Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Gaya
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering (TERCIT), Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears (FBSTIB), Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Corinna Gebauer
- Abteilung Neonatologie Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Delphine Lamireau
- Human Milk Bank of University Hospital of Bordeaux, Lamireau, France
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jean-Charles Picaud
- Department of Neonatology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Aleksandra Wesolowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sertac Arslanoglu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Turin, Italy
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Turin, Italy
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Anderson D, Patel S, Hargadon-Lowe A. Neonatal Bacillus cereus: an unusual case of congenital pneumonia requiring ECMO. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e257965. [PMID: 38575335 PMCID: PMC11002414 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A term neonate presented with cyanosis from birth, with refractory hypoxaemia despite intubation, administration of 100% oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide. Structural congenital heart disease was excluded. He developed profuse pulmonary haemorrhage at 6 hours of life with worsening hypoxia and was transferred to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for initiation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO). Endotracheal aspirates from both the birth hospital and the PICU were positive for Bacillus cereus, with all other investigations finding no alternative cause for his presentation. Of note, mother was a practising veterinarian raising another potential source of exposure to this pathogen. A full recovery occurred after a total of 5 days of vvECMO, 13 days of ventilation and 20 days of PICU stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Anderson
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Antonia Hargadon-Lowe
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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7
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Tönnies H, Heep A, Herrmann J, Lange M, Mellmann A, Hamprecht A. Investigating environmental transmission to resolve a Bacillus cereus group outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit using core genome multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38184647 PMCID: PMC10771705 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed an outbreak of Bacillus cereus group (Bcg) at a single-center neonatal intensive care unit level IV by conducting comprehensive sampling of both patients and the environment. METHODS Between 06/2020 and 10/2021, all Bcg isolates identified by both regular colonization screening and additional sampling of the environment were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, followed by in vitro extraction of MLST ST, resistance genes and virulence factors. Using publicly available genome sequences, we defined an ad hoc core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme comprising 2759 target genes for Bcg typing, which we applied to the detected isolates. We have compared the results with a stable cgMLST that was published in the meantime and completed the investigation with a SNP analysis. RESULTS We analyzed 28 Bcg isolates from patient and environmental samples using MLST and cgMLST. This revealed multiple sequence types, with ST127 being the most common (n = 13). Both cgMLST schemes grouped ten of the 13 ST127 isolates into a cluster, including two invasive isolates from two different patients and several environmental samples. SNP analysis postulated a screen from a ventilation machine as a possible reservoir. CONCLUSION In sensitive settings such as neonatal intensive care units, considering the environment in outbreak analyses is crucial, especially when investigating potential transmission routes through shared devices. When dealing with widespread bacteria such as Bcg, high-resolution typing techniques are necessary. In this study, we successfully resolved an outbreak of Bcg infections using a custom cgMLST scheme combined with a SNP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Tönnies
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Axel Heep
- Department of Pediatrics, Elisabeth Children's Hospital, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Herrmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, Elisabeth Children's Hospital, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Axel Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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8
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Lin Y, Cha X, Brennan C, Cao J, Shang Y. Contamination of Plant Foods with Bacillus cereus in a Province and Analysis of Its Traceability. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2763. [PMID: 38004774 PMCID: PMC10672870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is an important zoonotic foodborne conditional pathogen. It is found in vegetables, dairy products, rice, and other foods, thereby greatly endangering human health. Investigations on B. cereus contamination in China primarily focus on raw milk, dairy products, meat, and others, and limited research has been conducted on plant-based foodstuffs. The rapid development of sequencing technology and the application of bioinformatics-related techniques means that analysis based on whole-genome sequencing has become an important tool for the molecular-epidemiology investigation of B. cereus. In this study, we investigated the contamination of B. cereus in six types of commercially available plant foods from eight regions of a province. The molecular epidemiology of the isolated B. cereus was analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. We aimed to provide fundamental data for the surveillance and epidemiology analysis of B. cereus in food products in China. The rapid traceability system of B. cereus established in this study can provide a basis for rapid molecular epidemiology analysis of B. cereus, as well as for the prevention and surveillance of B. cereus. Moreover, it can also be expanded to monitoring and rapid tracing of more foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Lin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Xiaoyan Cha
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Charles Brennan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (C.B.)
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ying Shang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (C.B.)
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9
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Oduro D, Darko S, Blankson ER, Mensah GI. Assessment of Bacteria Contaminants in Different Zones and Point Sources of Sandy Beaches in Accra, Ghana. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231195152. [PMID: 37693208 PMCID: PMC10492474 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231195152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria are ubiquitous in the marine environment. Increasing concern for human health has led to growing interest in contamination on public beaches. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms originating from anthropogenic activities such as defecation and disposal of sewage on beaches are of special concern. In this study, presence of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial load in beach zones and point sources were investigated. Methods Sand core samples from the subtidal zone, intertidal zone, supratidal zone and point sources from 5 beaches in Accra, Ghana, were collected and analysed. Total aerobic, coliform and Escherichia (E. coli) counts were determined for each zone in the respective beaches. Bacteria isolates were presumptively identified using biochemical tests and confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS. Results Mean total aerobic count and total coliform counts ranged from 2.10 to 3.01 log CFU/g and 0.29 to 2.18 log CFU/g respectively while E. coli counts ranged from 0.12 to 1.71 log CFU/g for the beaches. Total aerobic count from point sources was 2.4-folds higher than the subtidal zone while total coliform counts were 5-folds higher in the point sources compared to the supratidal zone. Point sources had 10 times (P = .0016) more E. coli counts as compared to the subtidal zone. Isolates recovered (n = 35) belonged to 10 bacteria genera. These were Bacillus spp. (25.7%), Acinetobacter spp. (14.3%), Aeromonas spp. (14.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%), Aerococcus viridans (8.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (8.6%), Shewanella profunda (5.7%), Rheinheimera soli (2.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.9%), and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum (2.9%). Conclusion Point sources are major contributors to contamination on beaches. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in beach sand could be a public health risk. Sensitization on cleanliness in the marine environment including beaches in Ghana is needed to enhance public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oduro
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephanie Darko
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Gloria Ivy Mensah
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Matys J, Gedrange T, Dominiak M, Grzech-Leśniak K. Quantitative Evaluation of Aerosols Produced in the Dental Office during Caries Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4597. [PMID: 37510712 PMCID: PMC10380424 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective removal of aerosols generated during dental treatment is crucial for maintaining biosafety in dental practice. This study aimed to measure the aerosol amount and the number of aerobic bacteria in the air during caries treatment. METHODS The study involved 50 molar teeth (n = 50) in the mandible in 50 patients divided into two groups based on the type of a high-volume evacuator (HVE); G1 (n = 25) conventional HVE (EM19 EVO, Monoart® Euronda, Vicenza, Italy) and G2 (n = 25) a new, wider, customized HVE. The PC200 laser particle counter (Trotec GmbH, Schwerin, Germany) was used to measure aerosol particles in a range of 0.3-10.0 μm near the operator's mouth. The study used 60 microbiological plates with a microbiological medium (Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep Blood) to check the number of aerobic bacteria in the air. RESULTS The mean value of aerosol particles in the G1 group (conventional HVE) was 54,145 ± 7915, while in the G2 group (test, wider evacuator) was lower and amounted to 32,632 ± 1803. (p < 0.001). The median total bacteria count in the air per cubic meter in control, G1 (HVE), and G2 (NEW-HVE) groups were 50 [36-60]; 772 [643-881]; 120 [92-139], respectively. (p < 0.05). Gram-positive cocci were the predominant bacteria in the plates: Micrococcus sp. (50%), Bacillus species (36.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.8%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS the application of the wider high-volume evacuator increases the air purity during caries treatment as well as the biological safety of a dental office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matys
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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11
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Outurquin G, Obin O, Petit A, Weiss R, Léké A, Adjidé C, Mullié C. Bacillus cereus strains from donor human milk and hospital environment: uncovering a putative common origin using comparative analysis of toxin and infra-red spectroscopy profiles. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:419-430. [PMID: 37649803 PMCID: PMC10462457 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is reported as a common cause of toxin-induced food poisoning and of contamination in pasteurized human milk donations. As various toxins can be produced by B. cereus, the aim of this work was first to investigate the toxigenic potential and profiles of 63 B. cereus isolates from Amiens Picardie human milk bank. A comparison to the toxigenic profiles of 27 environmental B. cereus isolates harvested in the hospital in which this human milk bank is situated was performed. Toxin gene prevalences were the highest for nhe (ABC) and entFM followed by cytK and hbl(ACD). A 27% prevalence was found for ces human milk isolates, which is higher than previous works reporting on pasteurized milk and dairy products. No significant differences could be found between human milk and environmental isolates regarding toxin gene prevalences and/or toxin gene profiles. The second aim was to establish whether a B. cereus cross-contamination between human milk and the environment could occur. This was achieved with the help of Fourrier-transform infra-red spectroscopy which enabled the discrimination of 2 main clusters of 11 and 8 isolates, each containing human milk and Amiens Picardie human milk bank environmental isolates. For these two clusters, the time sequence showed that human milk isolates were the first to occur and might have contaminated the milk bank environment as well as other human milk donations. Routinely used on B. cereus isolates, Fourrier-transform infra-red spectroscopy could help in rapidly detecting such clusters and in limiting the spread of a B. cereus strain that might generate rejection of pasteurized donation by the human milk bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Outurquin
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Odile Obin
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Anaïs Petit
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Roxane Weiss
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - André Léké
- Lactarium–Biberonnerie, Unité des soins intensifs de néonatologie et de médecine néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Crespin Adjidé
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Laboratoire Hygiène Risque Biologique & Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- Laboratoire AGIR UR UPJV 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Chen W, Li M, Chen Z, Yan Z, Li J, Guo L, Ding C, Huang Y. Dual enzyme induced colorimetric sensor for simultaneous identifying multiple pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115344. [PMID: 37137190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of foodborne pathogens improves public health. Currently employed methods are time-consuming, sensitive to environmental factors, and complex. This study develops a colorimetric sensor for detecting multiple bacteria with one probe using double-enzyme-induced colorimetry. Based on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in bacteria decomposes L-ascorbic acid 2-magnesium phosphate salt hydrate into ascorbic acid (AA). Manganese dioxide flowers (MnO2 NFs) can oxidize TMB to etch gold nanorods (Au NRs), which can be inhibited by AA reduction to produce rich colors. Bacteria with varying ALP levels can be identified based on color changes and plasmon resonance wavelength signals produced from Au NRs. Furthermore, the conversion of RGB signals to digital signals and the use of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allowed 99.57% accuracy in identifying multiple bacteria. It can simultaneously identify five foodborne pathogens across diverse environments (shrimp, meat, milk, etc.). This method may be useful for the rapid and simple identification of foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China; Department of Urology & Nephrology, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59, Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zikang Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zejun Yan
- Department of Urology & Nephrology, Ningbo First Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59, Liuting Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Anhui Topway Testing Services Co., Ltd., 18 Rixin Road, Xuancheng Economic and Technological Development Zone, 242000, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Caiping Ding
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang Q, Shi Q, Li Y, Lu S, Xie X. Visible light-regulated cationic polymer coupled with photodynamic inactivation as an effective tool for pathogen and biofilm elimination. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:492. [DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pathogenic microorganism pollution has been a challenging public safety issue, attracting considerable scientific interest. A more problematic aspect of this phenomenon is that planktonic bacteria exacerbate biofilm formation. There is an overwhelming demand for developing ultra-efficient, anti-drug resistance, and biocompatibility alternatives to eliminate stubborn pathogenic strains and biofilms.
Results
The present work aims to construct a visible light-induced anti-pathogen agents to ablate biofilms using the complementary merits of ROS and cationic polymers. The photosensitizer chlorin e6-loaded polyethyleneimine-based micelle (Ce6-TPP-PEI) was constructed by an amphiphilic dendritic polymer (TPP-PEI) and physically loaded with photosensitizer chlorin e6. Cationic polymers can promote the interaction between photosensitizer and Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced targeting of PS and lethality of photodynamic therapy, and remain active for a longer duration to prevent bacterial re-growth when the light is turned off. As expected, an eminent antibacterial effect was observed on the Gram-negative Escherichia coli, which is usually insensitive to photosensitizers. Surprisingly, the cationic polymer and photodynamic combination also exert significant inhibitory and ablative effects on fungi and biofilms. Subsequently, cell hemolysis assessments suggested its good biocompatibility.
Conclusions
Given the above results, the platform developed in this work is an efficient and safe tool for public healthcare and environmental remediation.
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