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Fu S, Hu QL, Zhang L, Han XJ. Clinical significance of PLT for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in imported malaria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15806. [PMID: 38982282 PMCID: PMC11233553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical significance of PLT, MPV, and PDW in monitoring malaria treatment efficacy and predicting disease progression. A total of 31 patients with imported malaria were selected as the observation group, while 31 non-malaria patients with fever were selected as controls. The observation group was subdivided into a complication group and a non-complication group according to the occurrence of complications during treatment. Additionally, on the 1st day (within 24 h), the 3rd day, and the 5th day following admission, a comprehensive blood routine examination, Plasmodium microscopic examination, and colloidal gold assay were conducted. The blood routine examination results were compared before and after treatment among patients in the observation group and the control group. Moreover, the study involved dynamic monitoring and analysis of the levels and variations in PLT, MPV, and PDW within both the complication group and the non-complication group. The Plasmodium density was negatively correlated with PLT before treatment. There were significant differences were observed in PLT, MPV, and PDW (P < 0.05) within the observation group before and after treatment. Notably, there were no significant alterations in red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cell (WBC) counts (P > 0.05) within the observation group before and after treatment. The PLT, MPV, and PDW levels in the complication group and the non-complication group exhibited an upward trend after treatment. Further, the PLT of patients in the complication group was significantly lower than that in the non-complication group. Additionally, the PLT, MPV, and PDW levels in the complication group and the non-complication group increased gradually from the time of admission to the 3rd and 5th day of treatment. Notably, the PLT in the complication group was consistently lower than that in the non-complication group. The continuous monitoring of PLT, MPV, and PDW changes plays a crucial role in assessing malaria treatment efficacy and prognosis in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Fu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Lei Hu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Han
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The People's Hospital of Cangnan Zhejiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Rogier E, Battle N, Bakari C, Seth MD, Nace D, Herman C, Barakoti A, Madebe RA, Mandara CI, Lyimo BM, Giesbrecht DJ, Popkin-Hall ZR, Francis F, Mbwambo D, Garimo I, Aaron S, Lusasi A, Molteni F, Njau R, Cunningham JA, Lazaro S, Mohamed A, Juliano JJ, Bailey JA, Udhayakumar V, Ishengoma DS. Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions among patients enrolled at 100 health facilities throughout Tanzania: February to July 2021. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8158. [PMID: 38589477 PMCID: PMC11001933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum with the histidine rich protein 2 gene (pfhrp2) deleted from its genome can escape diagnosis by HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (HRP2-RDTs). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends switching to a non-HRP2 RDT for P. falciparum clinical case diagnosis when pfhrp2 deletion prevalence causes ≥ 5% of RDTs to return false negative results. Tanzania is a country of heterogenous P. falciparum transmission, with some regions approaching elimination and others at varying levels of control. In concordance with the current recommended WHO pfhrp2 deletion surveillance strategy, 100 health facilities encompassing 10 regions of Tanzania enrolled malaria-suspected patients between February and July 2021. Of 7863 persons of all ages enrolled and providing RDT result and blood sample, 3777 (48.0%) were positive by the national RDT testing for Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and/or HRP2. A second RDT testing specifically for the P. falciparum LDH (Pf-pLDH) antigen found 95 persons (2.5% of all RDT positives) were positive, though negative by the national RDT for HRP2, and were selected for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) genotyping. Multiplex antigen detection by laboratory bead assay found 135/7847 (1.7%) of all blood samples positive for Plasmodium antigens but very low or no HRP2, and these were selected for genotyping as well. Of the samples selected for genotyping based on RDT or laboratory multiplex result, 158 were P. falciparum DNA positive, and 140 had sufficient DNA to be genotyped for pfhrp2/3. Most of these (125/140) were found to be pfhrp2+/pfhrp3+, with smaller numbers deleted for only pfhrp2 (n = 9) or only pfhrp3 (n = 6). No dual pfhrp2/3 deleted parasites were observed. This survey found that parasites with these gene deletions are rare in Tanzania, and estimated that 0.24% (95% confidence interval: 0.08% to 0.39%) of false-negative HRP2-RDTs for symptomatic persons were due to pfhrp2 deletions in this 2021 Tanzania survey. These data provide evidence for HRP2-based diagnostics as currently accurate for P. falciparum diagnosis in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Catherine Bakari
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Misago D Seth
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Douglas Nace
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Camelia Herman
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Achut Barakoti
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rashid A Madebe
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Celine I Mandara
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Beatus M Lyimo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Issa Garimo
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | - Ritha Njau
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Samwel Lazaro
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ally Mohamed
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | - Deus S Ishengoma
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Schats R. Developing an archaeology of malaria. A critical review of current approaches and a discussion on ways forward. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 41:32-42. [PMID: 36930997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents the current state of the art in the investigation of past malaria by providing an extensive review of previous studies and identifying research possibilities for the future. MATERIALS All previous research on the detection of malaria in human skeletal material using macroscopic and biomolecular approaches is considered. METHODS The approaches and methods used by scholars and the results they obtained are evaluated and the limitations discussed. RESULTS There is a link between malaria and porous lesions with significantly higher prevalence in malaria-endemic areas, however, they are not pathognomonic or specific for malaria. Malaria can be identified using biomolecular techniques, yet, to date there is no completely satisfactory method that is able to consistently diagnose the disease. CONCLUSIONS Using macroscopic and biomolecular techniques, malaria can be investigated in past populations and the impact of the disease studied. Yet, this is not a straightforward process and the use of multiple lines of evidence is necessary to obtain the best results. SIGNIFICANCE The extensive discussion on ways malaria can and cannot be identified in past populations and the suggestions for new approaches provide a steppingstone for future research into this debilitating, global disease. LIMITATIONS Malaria is a difficult disease to study archaeologically and successful identification depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH More large-scale spatial analyses of porous lesions as well as targeting different tissues or molecules for biomolecular identification may improve the archaeological understanding of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schats
- Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology, Laboratory for Human Osteoarchaeology, Einsteinweg 2, 2333CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Paper functionalization for detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA using square waves voltammetry. Talanta 2023; 252:123839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rogier E, Bakari C, Mandara CI, Chiduo MG, Plucinski M, Nace D, Battle N, Chacky F, Rumisha SF, Molteni F, Mandike R, Mkude S, Njau R, Mohamed A, Udhayakumar V, Ishengoma DS. Performance of antigen detection for HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in community surveys: Tanzania, July-November 2017. Malar J 2022; 21:361. [PMID: 36457087 PMCID: PMC9714097 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on the detection of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen are widely used for detection of active infection with this parasite and are the only practical malaria diagnostic test in some endemic settings. External validation of RDT results from field surveys can confirm appropriate RDT performance. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and November 2017 enrolling participants of all ages in households from 15 villages in four border regions of Tanzania: Geita, Kigoma, Mtwara and Ruvuma. All participants had an RDT performed in the field and provided a blood sample for later laboratory multiplex antigen detection of HRP2. In assessing the continuous HRP2 levels in participant blood versus RDT result, dose-response logistic regression provided quantitative estimates for HRP2 limit of detection (LOD). RESULTS From the 15 study villages, 6941 persons were enrolled that had a RDT at time of enrollment and provided a DBS for later laboratory antigen detection. RDT positive prevalence for the HRP2 band by village ranged from 20.0 to 43.6%, but the magnitude of this prevalence did not have an effect on the estimated LOD of RDTs utilized in different villages. Overall, HRP2 single-target tests had a lower LOD at the 95% probability of positive RDT (4.3 ng/mL; 95% CI 3.4-5.4) when compared to pLDH/HRP2 dual target tests (5.4 ng/mL; 4.5-6.3), though this difference was not significant. With the exception of one village, all other 14 villages (93.3%) showed RDT LOD estimates at 90% probability of positive RDT between 0.5 and 12.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Both HRP2-only and pLDH/HRP2 combo RDTs utilized in a 2017 Tanzania cross-sectional survey of border regions generally performed well, and reliably detected HRP2 antigen in the low ng/mL range. Though single target tests had lower levels of HRP2 detection, both tests were within similar ranges among the 15 villages. Comparison of quantitative HRP2 detection limits among study sites can help interpret RDT testing results when generating population prevalence estimates for malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA.
| | - Catherine Bakari
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Celine I. Mandara
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mercy G. Chiduo
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Mateusz Plucinski
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA
| | - Douglas Nace
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA
| | - Nastassia Battle
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA ,grid.474959.20000 0004 0528 628XCDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Franky Chacky
- grid.415734.00000 0001 2185 2147National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Susan F. Rumisha
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ,grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA Australia
| | | | - Renata Mandike
- grid.415734.00000 0001 2185 2147National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Sigsbert Mkude
- grid.415734.00000 0001 2185 2147National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ritha Njau
- World Health Organization Country Office, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ally Mohamed
- grid.415734.00000 0001 2185 2147National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029 USA
| | - Deus S. Ishengoma
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Molina-de la Fuente I, Yimar M, García L, González V, Amor A, Anegagrie M, Benito A, Martínez J, Moreno M, Berzosa P. Deletion patterns, genetic variability and protein structure of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: implications for malaria rapid diagnostic test in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Malar J 2022; 21:287. [PMID: 36209103 PMCID: PMC9548178 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) play a key role in malaria-control strategies, their efficacy has been threatened by deletion and genetic variability of the genes pfhrp2/3. This study aims to characterize the deletion, genetic patterns and diversity of these genes and their implication for malaria RDT effectiveness, as well as their genetic evolution in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Methods The study included 354 isolates from symptomatic patients from the Amhara region of Ethiopia who tested positive by microscopy. Exon 1–2 and exon 2 of genes pfhrp2 and -3 were amplified, and exon 2 was sequenced to analyse the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship and epitope availability. Results The deletion frequency in exon 1–2 and exon 2 was 22 and 4.6% for pfhrp2, and 68 and 18% for pfhrp3, respectively. Double deletion frequency for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 was 1.4%. High genetic diversity, lack of clustering by phylogenetic analysis and evidence of positive selection suggested a diversifying selection for both genes. The amino-acid sequences, classified into different haplotypes, varied widely in terms of frequency of repeats, with novel amino-acid changes. Aminoacidic repetition type 2 and type 7 were the most frequent in all the sequences. The most frequent epitopes among protein sequences were those recognized by MAbs 3A4 and C1-13. Conclusion Deletions and high amino acidic variation in pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 suggest their possible impact on RDT use in the Amhara region, and the high genetic diversity of these genes could be associated with a diversifying selection in Ethiopia. Surveillance of these genes is, therefore, essential to ensure the effectiveness of public health interventions in this region. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04306-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. .,Malaria and Neglected Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mulat Yimar
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Luz García
- Malaria and Neglected Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFECT - CIBER Infectious Diseases (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenta González
- Malaria and Neglected Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFECT - CIBER Infectious Diseases (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Amor
- Mundo Sano Foundations, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melaku Anegagrie
- Mundo Sano Foundations, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Benito
- Malaria and Neglected Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFECT - CIBER Infectious Diseases (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pedro Berzosa
- Malaria and Neglected Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFECT - CIBER Infectious Diseases (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Beshir KB, Parr JB, Cunningham J, Cheng Q, Rogier E. Screening strategies and laboratory assays to support Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein deletion surveillance: where we are and what is needed. Malar J 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 35751070 PMCID: PMC9233320 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detecting Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) have been an important tool for malaria diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings lacking quality microscopy. Plasmodium falciparum parasites with deletion of the pfhrp2 gene encoding this antigen have now been identified in dozens of countries across Asia, Africa, and South America, with new reports revealing a high prevalence of deletions in some selected regions. To determine whether HRP2-based RDTs are appropriate for continued use in a locality, focused surveys and/or surveillance activities of the endemic P. falciparum population are needed. Various survey and laboratory methods have been used to determine parasite HRP2 phenotype and pfhrp2 genotype, and the data collected by these different methods need to be interpreted in the appropriate context of survey and assay utilized. Expression of the HRP2 antigen can be evaluated using point-of-care RDTs or laboratory-based immunoassays, but confirmation of a deletion (or mutation) of pfhrp2 requires more intensive laboratory molecular assays, and new tools and strategies for rigorous but practical data collection are particularly needed for large surveys. Because malaria diagnostic strategies are typically developed at the national level, nationally representative surveys and/or surveillance that encompass broad geographical areas and large populations may be required. Here is discussed contemporary assays for the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of P. falciparum HRP2 status, consider their strengths and weaknesses, and highlight key concepts relevant to timely and resource-conscious workflows required for efficient diagnostic policy decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid B Beshir
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jonathan B Parr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jane Cunningham
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Qin Cheng
- Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eric Rogier
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30029, USA.
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Jang IK, Jiménez A, Rashid A, Barney R, Golden A, Ding XC, Domingo GJ, Mayor A. Comparison of two malaria multiplex immunoassays that enable quantification of malaria antigens. Malar J 2022; 21:176. [PMID: 35672772 PMCID: PMC9171962 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoassay platforms that simultaneously detect malaria antigens including histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)/HRP3 and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), are useful epidemiological tools for rapid diagnostic test evaluation. This study presents the comparative evaluation of two multiplex platforms in identifying Plasmodium falciparum with presence or absence of HRP2/HRP3 expression as being indicative of hrp2/hrp3 deletions and other Plasmodium species. Moreover, correlation between the malaria antigen measurements performed at these platforms is assessed after calibrating with either assay standards or international standards and the cross-reactivity among Plasmodium species is examined. Methods A 77-member panel of specimens composed of the World Health Organization (WHO) international Plasmodium antigen standards, cultured parasites for P. falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi, and clinical specimens with mono-infections for P. falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae was generated as both whole blood and dried blood spot (DBS) specimens. Assays for HRP2, P. falciparum–specific pLDH (PfLDH), P. vivax–specific pLDH (PvLDH), and all human Plasmodium species Pan malaria pLDH (PanLDH) on the Human Malaria Array Q-Plex and the xMAP platforms were evaluated with these panels. Results The xMAP showed a higher percent positive agreement for identification of hrp2-deleted P. falciparum and Plasmodium species in whole blood and DBS than the Q-Plex. For whole blood samples, there was a highly positive correlation between the two platforms for PfLDH (Pearson r = 0.9926) and PvLDH (r = 0. 9792), moderate positive correlation for HRP2 (r = 0.7432), and poor correlation for PanLDH (r = 0.6139). In Pearson correlation analysis between the two platforms on the DBS, the same assays were r = 0.9828, r = 0.7679, r = 0.6432, and r = 0.8957, respectively. The xMAP HRP2 assay appeared to cross-react with HRP3, while the Q-Plex did not. The Q-Plex PfLDH assay cross-reacted with P. malariae, while the xMAP did not. For both platforms, P. knowlesi was detected on the PvLDH assay. The WHO international standards allowed normalization across both platforms on their HRP2, PfLDH, and PvLDH assays in whole blood and DBS. Conclusions Q-Plex and xMAP show good agreement for identification of P. falciparum mutants with hrp2/hrp3 deletions, and other Plasmodium species. Quantitative results from both platforms, normalized into international units for HRP2, PfLDH, and PvLDH, showed good agreement and should allow comparison and analysis of results generated by either platform. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04203-9.
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