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The link between genetic variation and variability in vaccine responses: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Holgado MP, Raiden S, Sananez I, Seery V, De Lillo L, Maldonado LL, Kamenetzky L, Geffner J, Arruvito L. Fcγ Receptor IIa (FCGR2A) Polymorphism Is Associated With Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Argentinian Infants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607348. [PMID: 33392111 PMCID: PMC7775358 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection requiring hospitalization have no risk factors for severe disease. Genetic variation in the receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγR) determines their affinity for IgG subclasses driving innate and adaptive antiviral immunity. We investigated the relationship between FcγRIIa-H131R polymorphism and RSV disease. Methods Blood samples were collected from 182 infants ≤24-month-old (50 uninfected, 114 RSV-infected with moderate course and 18 suffering severe disease). FcγRIIa-H131R SNP genotypic frequencies (HH, HR, RR) and anti-RSV IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 levels were studied. Results Genotypic frequencies for FcγRIIa-H131R SNP were comparable between uninfected and RSV-infected infants. In contrast, we found a significant higher frequency of HH genotype in severe RSV-infected children compared to moderate patients. Among severe group, HH infants presented more factors associated to severity than HR or RR patients did. Furthermore, compared to moderate RSV-infected infants, severe patients showed higher levels of anti-RSV IgG1 and IgG3. Conclusions We found an association between an FcγRIIa (H131) polymorphism and severe RSV disease, which points towards a critical role for interactions between FcγRs and immune complexes in RSV pathogenesis. This genetic factor could also predict the worse outcome and identify those infants at risk during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pía Holgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad de Autónoma Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Raiden
- Hospital General de Niños "Pedro de Elizalde", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Sananez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad de Autónoma Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Seery
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad de Autónoma Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo De Lillo
- Hospital General de Niños "Pedro de Elizalde", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas L Maldonado
- IMPaM, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- IMPaM, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad de Autónoma Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Arruvito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad de Autónoma Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Identification of Key mRNAs and lncRNAs in Neonatal Sepsis by Gene Expression Profiling. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8741739. [PMID: 32908583 PMCID: PMC7469075 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8741739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most prevalent causes of death of the neonates. However, the mechanisms underlying neonatal sepsis remained unclear. The present study identified a total of 1128 upregulated mRNAs and 1008 downregulated mRNAs, 28 upregulated lncRNAs, and 61 downregulated lncRNAs in neonatal sepsis. Then, we constructed PPI networks to identify key regulators in neonatal sepsis, including ITGAM, ITGAX, TLR4, ITGB2, SRC, ELANE, RPLP0, RPS28, RPL26, and RPL27. lncRNA coexpression analysis showed HS.294603, LOC391811, C12ORF47, LOC729021, HS.546375, HNRPA1L-2, LOC158345, and HS.495041 played important roles in the progression of neonatal sepsis. Bioinformatics analysis showed DEGs were involved in the regulation cellular extravasation, acute inflammatory response, macrophage activation of NF-kappa B signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and ribosome, RNA transport, and spliceosome. lncRNAs were involved in regulating ribosome, T cell receptor signaling pathway, RNA degradation, insulin resistance, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and hematopoietic cell lineage. We thought this study provided useful information for identifying novel therapeutic markers for neonatal sepsis.
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Jin X, Yin S, Zhang Y, Chen X. Association between TLR2 + 2477G/A polymorphism and bacterial meningitis: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:642-647. [PMID: 29457581 PMCID: PMC9134541 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a key member of TLRs, which is crucial in the initial inflammatory response against bacteria. TLR2, is also the initial barrier against bacterial infection and plays an important role in recognising a variety of bacterial lipoproteins. Several studies have been performed to investigate the TLR2 + 2477G/A polymorphism and bacterial meningitis susceptibility. Unfortunately, the results of previous studies were controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association. The association between the TLR2 + 2477G/A polymorphism and bacterial meningitis susceptibility was assessed by odds ratios together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Six studies were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association between TLR2 + 2477G/A polymorphism and bacterial meningitis risk were found under allele contrast (A vs. G: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.93-1.43, P = 0.202), recessive genetic model (AA vs. AG/GG: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.90-1.41, P = 0.313). The significant association was found between TLR2 + 2477G/A polymorphism and pneumococcal meningitis risk under allele contrast (A vs. G: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01-2.36, P = 0.046), recessive genetic model (AA vs. AG/GG: OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03-2.57, P = 0.035). We conclude that TLR2 + 2477G/A polymorphism is not associated with meningococcal meningitis risk but contributes an increased risk of pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhou Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215028, People's Republic of China
| | - Youtao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
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Gianchecchi E, Torelli A, Piccini G, Piccirella S, Montomoli E. N. meningitidis and TLR Polymorphisms: A Fascinating Immunomodulatory Network. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4020020. [PMID: 27240411 PMCID: PMC4931637 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N. meningitidis infections represent a global health problem that can lead to the development of serious permanent sequelae. Although the use of antibiotics and prevention via vaccination have reduced the incidence of meningococcal disease, our understanding regarding N. meningitidis pathogenesis is still limited, especially of those mechanisms responsible for IMD and fulminant or deadly septic shock. These severe clinical presentations occur in a limited number of subjects, whereas about 10% of healthy individuals are estimated to carry the bacteria as a commensal. Since TLR activation is involved in the defense against N. meningitidis, several studies have highlighted the association between host TLR SNPs and a higher susceptibility and severity of N. meningitidis infections. Moreover, TLR SNPs induced variations in immunological responses and in their persistence upon vaccination against meningococcal disease. In the absence of mass vaccination programs, the early identification of risk factors for meningococcal disease would be recommended in order to start immunization strategies and antibiotic treatment in those subjects carrying the risk variants. In addition, it could allow us to identify individuals with a higher risk for severe disease and sequelae in order to develop a personalized healthcare of high-risk subjects based on their genomic profile. In this review, we have illustrated important preliminary correlations between TLR variants and meningococcal susceptibility/severity and with vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Torelli
- Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Update on the key developments of the neurologic complications in children infected with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2015; 9:533-8. [PMID: 25188807 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent research findings of neurologic complications in HIV-infected children, specifically addressing neuroinfections, cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy and neurocognitive complications. The range of neurologic childhood onset complications is diverse and often overlaps diseases previously considered only to manifest in adults. In the pediatric population, these complications frequently have their own unique disease identity, which may be related to maturational patterns evident in the developing brain. RECENT FINDINGS Developments regarding the pathogenesis of neuroAIDS, treatment of tuberculous meningitis and prevention of bacterial meningitis are described. With the advent of neuroimaging, there is greater insight into silent cerebrovascular events and the progression of vasculopathy in HIV-infected children. The role of surgical intervention for affected cases is a novel area that could alter the otherwise poor prognosis. Epilepsy, although common as a burden of disease, carries its own additional complications with regard to cross reactivity with various antiretroviral therapies. Increased risk of low bone mineral density supports a role for supplementation with vitamin D in people receiving antiretroviral therapy and antiepileptic drugs. Recognition of the early neurobiological, as well as spectrum of neurocognitive effects of the HIV on the developing brain, is evolving, as greater numbers of children are treated early. Developments in these critical areas are described. SUMMARY Recent research reflects the need for improved strategies to prevent neuroinfections, more effective screening and interventions for vasculopathy and better antiepileptic drugs for HIV-infected children. Furthermore, our understanding of the timing and spectrum of neurocognitive complications is evolving.
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Pellegrino P, Falvella FS, Cheli S, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Radice S. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms in vaccine immune response. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:96-101. [PMID: 25823688 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that are deputed to recognise a range of molecular structures in pathogens. One of the most studied members of this family is the TLR4, which is essential for the signalling of lipopolysaccharide. The gene encoding for TLR4 is highly polymorphic and this genetic variability may explain in part the interindividual variability observed in several clinical setting, including the response to vaccination. Herein, we review and systematise the available scientific evidence about the effect of TLR4 polymorphisms on vaccine response, including approved prophylactic, new therapeutic cancer vaccines and recently approved vaccine adjuvants. Data reviewed in this analysis indicate that TLR4 polymorphisms significantly affect vaccine response. If these results are confirmed by further analyses, the use of these genetic biomarkers may become a useful tool to tailor vaccination in specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pellegrino
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F S Falvella
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cheli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Perrotta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Clementi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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