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Stoakes E, Turner K, Baker DJ, Suau Sans M, Yasir M, Kalmar L, Costigan R, Lott M, Grant AJ. Application of TraDIS to define the core essential genome of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 37024800 PMCID: PMC10077673 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. As there is no effective vaccine, combined with the rapid increase in antimicrobial resistant strains, there is a need to identify new targets for intervention. Essential genes are those that are necessary for growth and/or survival, making these attractive targets. In this study, comprehensive transposon mutant libraries were created in six C. jejuni strains, four C. coli strains and one C. lari and C. hyointestinalis strain, allowing for those genes that cannot tolerate a transposon insertion being called as essential. Comparison of essential gene lists using core genome analysis can highlight those genes which are common across multiple strains and/or species. Comparison of C. jejuni and C. coli, the two species that cause the most disease, identified 316 essential genes. Genes of interest highlighted members of the purine pathway being essential for C. jejuni whilst also finding that a functional potassium uptake system is essential. Protein-protein interaction networks using these essential gene lists also highlighted proteins in the purine pathway being major 'hub' proteins which have a large number of interactors across the network. When adding in two more species (C. lari and C. hyointestinalis) the essential gene list reduces to 261. Within these 261 essential genes, there are many genes that have been found to be essential in other bacteria. These include htrB and PEB4, which have previously been found as core virulence genes across Campylobacter species in other studies. There were 21 genes which have no known function with eight of these being associated with the membrane. These surface-associated essential genes may provide attractive targets. The essential gene lists presented will help to prioritise targets for the development of novel therapeutic and preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stoakes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keith Turner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Dave J Baker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Maria Suau Sans
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lajos Kalmar
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruby Costigan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Lott
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew J Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Poudel S, Jia L, Arick MA, Hsu CY, Thrash A, Sukumaran AT, Adhikari P, Kiess AS, Zhang L. In silico prediction and expression analysis of vaccine candidate genes of Campylobacter jejuni. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102592. [PMID: 36972674 PMCID: PMC10066559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is the most common food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in the United States. Consumption of contaminated poultry products is considered as the major source of human Campylobacter infection. An effective vaccine would be a promising alternative to antibiotic supplements to curb C. jejuni colonization in poultry gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the genetic diversity among the C. jejuni isolates makes vaccine production more challenging. Despite many attempts, an effective Campylobacter vaccine is not yet available. This study aimed to identify suitable candidates to develop a subunit vaccine against C. jejuni, which could reduce colonization in the GI tract of the poultry. In the current study, 4 C. jejuni strains were isolated from retail chicken meat and poultry litter samples and their genomes were sequenced utilizing next-generation sequencing technology. The genomic sequences of C. jejuni strains were screened to identify potential antigens utilizing the reverse vaccinology approach. In silico genome analysis predicted 3 conserved potential vaccine candidates (phospholipase A [PldA], TonB dependent vitamin B12 transporter [BtuB], and cytolethal distending toxin subunit B [CdtB]) suitable for the development of a vaccine. Furthermore, the expression of predicted genes during host-pathogen interaction was analyzed by an infection study using an avian macrophage-like immortalized cell line (HD11). The HD11 was infected with C. jejuni strains, and the RT-qPCR assay was performed to determine the expression of the predicted genes. The expression difference was analyzed using ΔΔCt methods. The results indicate that all 3 predicted genes, PldA, BtuB, and CdtB, were upregulated in 4 tested C. jejuni strains irrespective of their sources of isolation. In conclusion, in silico prediction and gene expression analysis during host-pathogen interactions identified 3 potential vaccine candidates for C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mark A Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Adam Thrash
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Anuraj T Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Borovikov S, Tursunov K, Syzdykova A, Begenova A, Zhakhina A. Expression of recombinant Omp18 and MOMP of Campylobacter jejuni and the determination of their suitability as antigens for serological diagnosis of campylobacteriosis in animals. Vet World 2023; 16:222-228. [PMID: 36855354 PMCID: PMC9967712 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.222-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacteriosis causes gastrointestinal tract lesions in adults and children and may result in severe complications. The primary sources of infection are infected animals and animal products. Immunochemical methods effectively diagnose intestinal infections but require highly specific antigens to detect their antibodies. This study aimed to obtain two recombinant immunogenic antigens of Campylobacter jejuni, an outer membrane protein with a molecular weight of 18 kDa (Omp18) and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) with a molecular weight of 45 kDa, and evaluate their suitability for the serological diagnosis of campylobacteriosis using immunochromatographic assay (ICA). Materials and Methods The C. jejuni Omp18 and MOMP gene sequences were synthesized de novo (Macrogen, Korea) and cloned into the pET32 expression plasmid. Using these genetic constructs, electrocompetent cells of the Escherichia coli BL21 strain were transformed and cultured under various conditions. Antigens were purified and refolded using metal affinity chromatography. The properties of the purified proteins were studied by western blotting, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We developed two recombinant E. coli BL21 cells producing rOmp18 and Recombinant MOMP (rMOMP) antigens with molecular weights of 36 and 64 kDa, respectively. Amino acid sequence analysis of the obtained antigens showed complete homology with the reference sequences in the PubMed NCBI database. Western blotting using positive-control sera demonstrated the specificity of the recombinant antigens. The results of ELISA with 94 bovine sera showed the interaction of recombinant antigens with specific antibodies. Conclusion The obtained rOmp18 and rMOMP antigens can detect antibodies in the serum of infected or recovered animals and can be used to develop ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Borovikov
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan,Corresponding author: Sergey Borovikov, e-mail: Co-authors: KT: , AS: , AB: , AZ:
| | - Kanat Tursunov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunobiotechnology, National Center for Biotechnology, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfiya Syzdykova
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainagul Begenova
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfira Zhakhina
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Technology, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
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4
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Applied Proteomics in 'One Health'. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9030031. [PMID: 34208880 PMCID: PMC8293331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
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In vitro spleen cell cytokine responses of adult mice immunized with a recombinant PorA (major outer membrane protein [MOMP]) from Campylobacter jejuni. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12024. [PMID: 31427597 PMCID: PMC6700113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no information on cytokine profiles for use as markers of protection in Campylobacter jejuni infection. To study this, we used outer membrane protein (MOMP [PorA]) as the vaccine for protection and spleen cell cytokines as markers of protection. We cloned and expressed porA from C. jejuni111 and immunized mice by the intraperitoneal route. Subsequently, mice were orally challenged with live C. jejuni 111. The vaccine induced protection as evidenced by reduced fecal excretion of C. jejuni111. Cytokines were measured in vitro after stimulation of spleen cells with MOMP. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-17F were similar in control and test mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ were higher in control mice than in test mice, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and IL-1β were higher in test mice than in control mice. Among the two anti-inflammatory cytokines, the levels were similar for IL-10 but higher for IL-4 in test mice than in control mice. Ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines showed a bias towards an anti-inflammatory response in favor of antibody production reflecting the role of antibodies in immunity. Cytokine production patterns by spleen cells may be used as markers of protection in the mouse model.
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6
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Vanmarsenille C, Díaz Del Olmo I, Elseviers J, Hassanzadeh Ghassabeh G, Moonens K, Vertommen D, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Hernalsteens JP, De Greve H. Nanobodies targeting conserved epitopes on the major outer membrane protein of Campylobacter as potential tools for control of Campylobacter colonization. Vet Res 2017; 48:86. [PMID: 29216932 PMCID: PMC5721652 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are among the most prevalent foodborne infections in humans, resulting in a massive disease burden worldwide. Broilers have been identified as the major source of campylobacteriosis and reducing Campylobacter loads in the broiler caeca has been proposed as an effective measure to decrease the number of infections in humans. Failure of current methods to control Campylobacter in broilers stresses the urgency to develop novel mitigation measures. We obtained six nanobodies with a broad specificity, that recognize strains belonging to the two most relevant species, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The target of the nanobodies was identified as the major outer membrane protein, a porin that contributes to bacterial virulence and viability. Multimerization of the nanobodies led to agglutination of C. jejuni cells, which may affect colonization in the chicken gut. These Campylobacter-specific nanobodies may be useful to develop a strategy for preserving chickens from Campylobacter colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vanmarsenille
- Structural Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Genetische Virologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Inés Díaz Del Olmo
- Structural Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Genetische Virologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jelle Elseviers
- VIB Nanobody Service Facility, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Kristof Moonens
- Structural Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Faculty of Medicine and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Henri De Greve
- Structural Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. .,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Genomic Comparison of Campylobacter spp. and Their Potential for Zoonotic Transmission between Birds, Primates, and Livestock. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:7165-7175. [PMID: 27736787 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01746-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds, including American crows, are abundant in urban, suburban, and agricultural settings and are likely zoonotic vectors of Campylobacter Their proximity to humans and livestock increases the potential spreading of Campylobacter via crows between the environment, livestock, and humans. However, no studies have definitively demonstrated that crows are a vector for pathogenic Campylobacter We used genomics to evaluate the zoonotic and pathogenic potential of Campylobacter from crows to other animals with 184 isolates obtained from crows, chickens, cows, sheep, goats, humans, and nonhuman primates. Whole-genome analysis uncovered two distinct clades of Campylobacter jejuni genotypes; the first contained genotypes found only in crows, while a second genotype contained "generalist" genomes that were isolated from multiple host species, including isolates implicated in human disease, primate gastroenteritis, and livestock abortion. Two major β-lactamase genes were observed frequently in these genomes (oxa-184, 55%, and oxa-61, 29%), where oxa-184 was associated only with crows and oxa-61 was associated with generalists. Mutations in gyrA, indicative of fluoroquinolone resistance, were observed in 14% of the isolates. Tetracycline resistance (tetO) was present in 22% of the isolates, yet it occurred in 91% of the abortion isolates. Virulence genes were distributed throughout the genomes; however, cdtC alleles recapitulated the crow-only and generalist clades. A specific cdtC allele was associated with abortion in livestock and was concomitant with tetO These findings indicate that crows harboring a generalist C. jejuni genotype may act as a vector for the zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter IMPORTANCE: This study examined the link between public health and the genomic variation of Campylobacter in relation to disease in humans, primates, and livestock. Use of large-scale whole-genome sequencing enabled population-level assessment to find new genes that are linked to livestock disease. With 184 Campylobacter genomes, we assessed virulence traits, antibiotic resistance susceptibility, and the potential for zoonotic transfer to observe that there is a "generalist" genotype that may move between host species.
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8
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Ferrara LGM, Wallat GD, Moynié L, Dhanasekar NN, Aliouane S, Acosta-Gutiérrez S, Pagès JM, Bolla JM, Winterhalter M, Ceccarelli M, Naismith JH. MOMP from Campylobacter jejuni Is a Trimer of 18-Stranded β-Barrel Monomers with a Ca 2+ Ion Bound at the Constriction Zone. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4528-4543. [PMID: 27693650 PMCID: PMC5090048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative organism Campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. Unlike Escherichia coli, which has two major porins, OmpC and OmpF, C. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (MOMP) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. We report the 2.1-Å crystal structure of C. jejuni MOMP expressed in E. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from C. jejuni. The 2.1-Å resolution structure of recombinant MOMP showed that although the protein has timeric arrangement similar to OmpC, it is an 18-stranded, not 16-stranded, β-barrel. The structure has identified a Ca2 + bound at the constriction zone, which is functionally significant as suggested by molecular dynamics and single-channel experiments. The water-filled channel of MOMP has a narrow constriction zone, and single-molecule studies show a monomeric conductivity of 0.7 ± 0.2 nS and a trimeric conductance of 2.2 ± 0.2 nS. The ion neutralizes negative charges at the constriction zone, reducing the transverse electric field and reversing ion selectivity. Modeling of the transit of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic of choice for treating Campylobacter infection, through the pore of MOMP reveals a trajectory that is dependent upon the presence metal ion. The crystal structure of MOMP, the general diffusion porin of Campylobacter, has been determined. The protein is an 18-stranded β-barrel that is different than the 16-stranded OmpC and OmpF proteins from E. coli, but like them, MOMP is trimeric. The protein has a central pore size and conductivity intermediate between OmpC and OmpF. A Ca2 + ion bound at the constriction zone influences the biophysical properties of porin. The trajectory of the transit of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin through the pore is dependent on the presence of a metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G M Ferrara
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK
| | - Gregor D Wallat
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK
| | - Naresh N Dhanasekar
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28719 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Acosta-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P8-km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari (CA), Italy
| | | | | | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28719 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P8-km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari (CA), Italy
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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9
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Hirchaud E, Parra A, Chemaly M, Dory D. Identification of Novel Vaccine Candidates against Campylobacter through Reverse Vaccinology. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5715790. [PMID: 27413761 PMCID: PMC4928009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5715790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the European Union. Human cases are mainly due to Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. In fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. A promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. Poultry vaccination is of potential for this purpose. However, despite many studies, there is currently no vaccine available on the market to reduce the intestinal Campylobacter load in chickens. It is essential to identify and characterize new vaccine antigens. This study applied the reverse vaccinology approach to detect new vaccine candidates. The main criteria used to select immune proteins were localization, antigenicity, and number of B-epitopes. Fourteen proteins were identified as potential vaccine antigens. In vitro and in vivo experiments now need to be performed to validate the immune and protective power of these newly identified antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meunier
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Marianne Chemaly
- Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
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10
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Status of vaccine research and development for Campylobacter jejuni. Vaccine 2016; 34:2903-2906. [PMID: 26973064 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is associated with a number of sequelae, including Guillain-Barre Syndrome, reactive arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome and growth stunting/malnutrition. Vaccine development against C. jejuni is complicated by its antigenic diversity, a lack of small animal models, and a poor understanding of the bacterium's pathogenesis. Vaccine approaches have been limited to recombinant proteins, none of which have advanced beyond Phase I testing. Genomic analyses have revealed the presence of a polysaccharide capsule on C. jejuni. Given the success of capsule-conjugate vaccines for other mucosal pathogens of global importance, efforts to evaluate this established approach for C. jejuni are also being pursued. A prototypical capsule-conjugate vaccine has demonstrated efficacy against diarrheal disease in non-human primates and is currently in Phase I testing. In addition to proof of concept studies, more data on the global prevalence of capsular types, and a better understanding of the acute and chronic consequences of C. jejuni are needed to inform investments for a globally relevant vaccine.
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11
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Albert MJ, Haridas S, Ebenezer M, Raghupathy R, Khan I. Immunization with a Double-Mutant (R192G/L211A) of the Heat-Labile Enterotoxin of Escherichia coli Offers Partial Protection against Campylobacter jejuni in an Adult Mouse Intestinal Colonization Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142090. [PMID: 26540197 PMCID: PMC4634955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that antibodies to cholera toxin (CT) reacted with the major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) from Campylobacter jejuni strains on Western blot. Further, oral immunization with CT significantly protected against challenge with C. jejuni in an adult mouse colonization model of infection. CT and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are structurally and functionally related. LT and its mutants including the double-mutant LT (R192G/L211A) (dmLT), are powerful mucosal adjuvants. Unlike LT which is reactogenic, dmLT has been shown to be safe for human use. In the current study, we determined whether rabbit anti-dmLT antibodies reacted with MOMPs from C. jejuni strains and whether immunization with dmLT would afford protection against C. jejuni. On Western blot, the MOMPs from C. jejuni 48 (Penner serotype O:19), C. jejuni 75 (O:3) and C. jejuni 111 (O:1,44) were probed with rabbit antibodies to dmLT or LT-E112K (a non-toxic LT mutant), which showed a lack of reaction. Adult BALB/c mice were orally immunized with dmLT and orally challenged with C. jejuni 48 or 111. Protection from colonization with the challenge bacteria was studied by enumerating Campylobacter colonies in feces daily for 9 days. Vaccination produced robust serum and stool antibody responses to dmLT and no antibody responses to C. jejuni MOMP. Vaccinated mice showed reduced colonization and excretion of both challenge strains compared to control mice. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The protective efficacy of the dmLT vaccine varied from 9.1% to 54.5%. The lack of cross-reaction between the MOMP and dmLT suggests that protection is not mediated by cross-reacting antibodies, but may be due to activation of innate immunity. As dmLT is safe for humans, it could be incorporated into a C. jejuni vaccine to enhance its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. John Albert
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Shilpa Haridas
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mathew Ebenezer
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Raj Raghupathy
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Islam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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Chintoan-Uta C, Cassady-Cain RL, Al-Haideri H, Watson E, Kelly DJ, Smith DGE, Sparks NHC, Kaiser P, Stevens MP. Superoxide dismutase SodB is a protective antigen against Campylobacter jejuni colonisation in chickens. Vaccine 2015; 33:6206-11. [PMID: 26458797 PMCID: PMC4654421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested SodB in chickens as an anti-Campylobacter recombinant subunit vaccine. It induced a statistically significant reduction in caecal C. jejuni. Antigen-specific humoral responses did not correlate with protection. SodB was not detected on the bacterial surface. Protection may not be strictly antibody-dependent.
Campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diarrhoeal illness in the developed world and consumption or handling of contaminated poultry meat is the principal source of infection. Strategies to control Campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter are urgently required and are predicted to limit the incidence of human campylobacteriosis. Towards this aim, a purified recombinant subunit vaccine based on the superoxide dismutase (SodB) protein of C. jejuni M1 was developed and tested in White Leghorn birds. Birds were vaccinated on the day of hatch and 14 days later with SodB fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) or purified GST alone. Birds were challenged with C. jejuni M1 at 28 days of age and caecal Campylobacter counts determined at weekly intervals. Across three independent trials, the vaccine induced a statistically significant 1 log10 reduction in caecal Campylobacter numbers in vaccinated birds compared to age-matched GST-vaccinated controls. Significant induction of antigen-specific serum IgY was detected in all vaccinated birds, however the magnitude and timing of SodB-specific IgY did not correlate with lower numbers of C. jejuni. Antibodies from SodB-vaccinated chickens detected the protein in the periplasm and not membrane fractions or on the bacterial surface, suggesting that the protection observed may not be strictly antibody-mediated. SodB may be useful as a constituent of vaccines for control of C. jejuni infection in broiler birds, however modest protection was observed late relative to the life of broiler birds and further studies are required to potentiate the magnitude and timing of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Robin L Cassady-Cain
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Halah Al-Haideri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Eleanor Watson
- The Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - David G E Smith
- The Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Nick H C Sparks
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences Group, Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Walker RI. An assessment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Shigella vaccine candidates for infants and children. Vaccine 2014; 33:954-65. [PMID: 25482842 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements to water quality, sanitation, and the implementation of current prevention and treatment interventions, diarrhea remains a major cause of illness and death, especially among children less than five years of age in the developing world. Rotavirus vaccines have already begun making a real impact on diarrhea, but several more enteric vaccines will be necessary to achieve broader reductions of illness and death. Among the many causes of diarrheal disease, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella are the two most important bacterial pathogens for which there are no currently licensed vaccines. Vaccines against these two pathogens could greatly reduce the impact of disease caused by these infections. This review describes the approaches to ETEC and Shigella vaccines that are currently under development, including a range of both cellular and subunit approaches for each pathogen. In addition, the review discusses strategies for maximizing the potential benefit of these vaccines, which includes the feasibility of co-administration, consolidation, and combination of vaccine candidates, as well as issues related to effective administration of enteric vaccines to infants. Recent impact studies indicate that ETEC and Shigella vaccines could significantly benefit global public health. Either vaccine, particularly if they could be combined together or with another enteric vaccine, would be an extremely valuable tool for saving lives and promoting the health of infants and children in the developing world, as well as potentially providing protection to travelers and military personnel visiting endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Walker
- PATH, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
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14
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Paul NC, Al-Adwani S, Crespo R, Shah DH. Evaluation of passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder against intestinal colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2779-87. [PMID: 25214556 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in human. Chickens are the reservoir host of C. jejuni, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of human infection. Therefore, control of C. jejuni in chickens can have direct effect on human health. In this study we tested the passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of the chicken egg-yolk-derived antibodies, in the form of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder (HEYP), against 7 colonization-associated proteins of C. jejuni, namely, CadF (Campylobacter adhesion to fibronectin), FlaA (flagellar proteins), MOMP (major outer membrane protein), FlpA (fibronectin binding protein A), CmeC (Campylobacter multidrug efflux C), Peb1A (Campylobacter putative adhesion), and JlpA (Jejuni lipoprotein A). Three chicken experiments were performed. In each experiment, chickens were treated orally via feed supplemented with 10% (wt/wt) egg yolk powder. In experiment 1, chicken groups were experimentally infected with C. jejuni (10(8) cfu) followed by treatment with 5 HEYP (CadF, FlaA, MOMP, FlpA, CmeC) for 4 d either individually or as a cocktail containing equal parts of each HEYP. In experiment 2, chickens were treated for 21 d with cocktail containing equal parts of 7 HEYP before and after experimental infection with C. jejuni (10(8) cfu). In experiment 3, chickens were treated with feed containing a cocktail of 7 HEYP before and after (prophylaxis), and after (treatment) experimental infection with C. jejuni (10(5) cfu). Intestinal colonization of C. jejuni was monitored by culturing cecal samples from chickens euthanized at the end of each experiment. The results showed that there were no differences in the cecal colonization of C. jejuni between HEYP treated and nontreated control chickens, suggesting that use of HEYP at the dose and the regimens used in the current study is not efficacious in reducing C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan C Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
| | - Salma Al-Adwani
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
| | - Devendra H Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164 Paul Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
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Randremanana RV, Randrianirina F, Sabatier P, Rakotonirina HC, Randriamanantena A, Razanajatovo IM, Ratovoson R, Richard V. Campylobacter infection in a cohort of rural children in Moramanga, Madagascar. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:372. [PMID: 24996559 PMCID: PMC4094412 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter infection is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in developing countries, including Madagascar. Reports of pathogenicity have not been consistent and repeated exposures over time seem to lead to the development of protective immunity in developing areas. We conducted this study to support evidence for these hypotheses by exploring the association between infection and age, the reoccurrence of infection and the pathogenicity of Campylobacter. Methods We carried out a community-based longitudinal study of children under the age of 24 months in two rural villages in Moramanga, Madagascar. Children were visited twice a week and a stool specimen was collected in cases of diarrhoea. Stools specimens were collected bimonthly from all children enrolled, regardless of symptoms. Children were followed-up until the age of 36 months. Results Between January 2010 and May 31st 2012, 508 children were included in the cohort. We detected 319 episodes of Campylobacter infection in total, and 43.3% (n = 220) of the children had at least one episode of intestinal Campylobacter infection. The rate of Campylobacter isolation from stool specimens was 9.3%. The annual incidence rate for symptomatic Campylobacter infection was 0.05 episodes/child. The probability of Campylobacter infection was highest between the ages of six and 23 months. Taking children under six months of age as the reference group, the age-specific odds ratio for the association was 5.0 (95% CI: 2.9-8.6) for children aged six to 11 months, 5.7 (95% CI: 3.3-10.0) for children aged 12 to 17 months and 3.3 (95% CI: 1.8-5.8) for children aged 18 to 23 months. A second episode of infection occurred 63 days after the first episode in children with primary infections, and after 137 days in children with multiple infections (p < 0.01). First episodes of Campylobacter infection were associated with diarrhoea (odds ratio = 16.1; 95% CI: 1.8-140.8). Conclusion Our findings suggest that protective immunity to Campylobacter may be acquired over time, following repeated exposures. However, Campylobacter infection prevention measures should be reinforced in the first year of life, as this age seems to be associated with the highest risk of diarrhoea during Campylobacter infection.
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Hermans D, Van Steendam K, Verbrugghe E, Verlinden M, Martel A, Seliwiorstow T, Heyndrickx M, Haesebrouck F, De Zutter L, Deforce D, Pasmans F. Passive immunization to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization and transmission in broiler chickens. Vet Res 2014; 45:27. [PMID: 24589217 PMCID: PMC3996517 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterium-mediated diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. Poultry products are considered the most important source of C. jejuni infections in humans but to date no effective strategy exists to eradicate this zoonotic pathogen from poultry production. Here, the potential use of passive immunization to reduce Campylobacter colonization in broiler chicks was examined. For this purpose, laying hens were immunized with either a whole-cell lysate or the hydrophobic protein fraction of C. jejuni and their eggs were collected. In vitro tests validated the induction of specific ImmunoglobulinY (IgY) against C. jejuni in the immunized hens' egg yolks, in particular. In seeder experiments, preventive administration of hyperimmune egg yolk significantly (P < 0.01) reduced bacterial counts of seeder animals three days after oral inoculation with approximately 104 cfu C. jejuni, compared with control birds. Moreover, transmission to non-seeder birds was dramatically reduced (hydrophobic protein fraction) or even completely prevented (whole-cell lysate). Purified IgY promoted bacterial binding to chicken intestinal mucus, suggesting enhanced mucosal clearance in vivo. Western blot analysis in combination with mass spectrometry after two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis revealed immunodominant antigens of C. jejuni that are involved in a variety of cell functions, including chemotaxis and adhesion. Some of these (AtpA, EF-Tu, GroEL and CtpA) are highly conserved proteins and could be promising targets for the development of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katleen Van Steendam
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Verlinden
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Seliwiorstow
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Wu Z, Sahin O, Wang F, Zhang Q. Proteomic identification of immunodominant membrane-related antigens in Campylobacter jejuni associated with sheep abortion. J Proteomics 2014; 99:111-22. [PMID: 24487037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Campylobacter jejuni clone SA is the predominant agent inducing sheep abortion and a zoonotic agent causing gastroenteritis in humans in the United States. In an attempt to identify antigens of clone SA that may be useful for vaccine development, immunoproteomic analyses were conducted to characterize the membrane proteome of C. jejuni clone SA. 2-DE of C. jejuni membrane-related proteins was followed by immunoblotting analyses using convalescent sera that were derived from ewes naturally infected by C. jejuni clone SA. Totally 140 immunoreactive spots were identified, 50 of which were shared by all tested convalescent sheep sera. Conserved and immunodominant spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Among the 26 identified immunogenic proteins, there were 8 cytoplasmic proteins, 2 cytoplasmic membrane proteins, 11 periplasmic proteins, 3 outer membrane proteins, and 2 extracellular proteins. Notably, many of the immunodominant antigens were periplasmic proteins including HtrA, ZnuA, CjaA, LivK, CgpA, and others, some of which were previously shown to induce protective immunity. Interestingly, 11 immunoreactive proteins including 9 periplasmic proteins are known N-linked glycosylated proteins. These findings reveal immunogens that may potentially elicit protective immune responses and provide a foundation for developing vaccines against C. jejuni induced sheep abortion. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Campylobacter jejuni clone SA is the predominant agent inducing sheep abortion and incurs a significant economic loss to sheep producers. This emergent strain is also a zoonotic agent, causing gastroenteritis in humans. However, the immunogens of C. jejuni induced abortion are largely unknown. Considering the significance of C. jejuni clone SA in causing sheep abortion and foodborne illnesses, protective vaccines are needed to control its transmission and spread. Additionally, immunological markers are required for detection and identification of this highly pathogenic clone. To address these needs, we applied an immunoproteomic approach to identify the membrane-associated antigens of this highly virulent C. jejuni clone associated with sheep abortions in the U.S. The findings reveal immunogens that may potentially elicit protective immune responses and provide a foundation for developing vaccines against C. jejuni induced sheep abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Hu Y, Shang Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Ren F, Jiao Y, Pan Z, Jiao XA. A novel immunoproteomics method for identifying in vivo-induced Campylobacter jejuni antigens using pre-adsorbed sera from infected patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5229-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Annamalai T, Pina-Mimbela R, Kumar A, Binjawadagi B, Liu Z, Renukaradhya GJ, Rajashekara G. Evaluation of nanoparticle-encapsulated outer membrane proteins for the control of Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2201-11. [PMID: 23873570 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous vaccination strategies have been evaluated to develop effective vaccines against Campylobacter jejuni colonization in poultry but with limited success. The following experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of biodegradable and biocompatible poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle (NP) encapsulated outer membrane proteins (OMP) of C. jejuni. Chickens were vaccinated with different routes [subcutaneous (s/c) or oral] and doses (25, 125, or 250 µg) of candidate nanoparticle vaccine with appropriate control groups. Serum and cloacal fecal samples were taken at regular intervals of time, and the birds were euthanized 7 d postchallenge with C. jejuni. The results were interpreted based on anti-OMP immunoglobulin response in chicken and intestinal colonization of C. jejuni. The C. jejuni colonization in cecal and cloacal contents at 7 d postchallenge was below the detection limit in the s/c vaccinated groups, but the other groups demonstrated varying degrees of colonization. The serum IgA was higher in the group vaccinated s/c with OMP only compared with the rest of the groups. The serum- and fecal-IgY titers were consistently higher in the s/c vaccinated groups (with or without NP) than the rest of the groups. Elevated levels of OMP specific serum antibodies correlated with below the limit of detection levels of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens receiving 125 μg of OMP alone and the OMP+NP vaccine s/c. In conclusion, the s/c route of vaccination with or without NP encapsulated OMP of C. jejuni may serve as a candidate vaccine for control of C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Annamalai
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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Al-Adwani SR, Crespo R, Shah DH. Production and evaluation of chicken egg-yolk-derived antibodies against Campylobacter jejuni colonization-associated proteins. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:624-31. [PMID: 23742296 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important causes of foodborne gastroenteritis. Chickens are considered a reservoir host of C. jejuni, and epidemiological studies have shown that contaminated chicken meat is a primary source of human infection. The objective of this study was to produce chicken egg-yolk-derived antibody (IgY) against the five C. jejuni colonization-associated proteins or CAPs (CadF, FlaA, MOMP, FlpA, and CmeC). Recombinant C. jejuni CAPs were expressed in Escherichia coli and were purified by affinity chromatography. Specific-pathogen-free laying hens were hyperimmunized with each recombinant CAP to induce production of α-CAP-specific IgY. Egg yolks were collected from immunized and nonimmunized hens and were lyophilized to obtain egg-yolk powder (EYP) with or without α-C. jejuni CAP-specific IgY. IgY was purified from EYP, and the antibody response in serum and egg yolk was tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The α-C. jejuni CAP-specific IgY levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in both serum and EYP obtained from immunized hens as compared with the nonimmunized hens. Each α-C. jejuni CAP-specific IgY reacted with the C. jejuni cells and recombinant CAPs as detected by immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot assays, respectively. We also show that α-CadF, α-MOMP, and α-CmeC IgY significantly reduced adherence of C. jejuni to the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cells, suggesting that these α-C. jejuni CAP-specific IgY may be useful as a passive immunotherapeutic to reduce C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma R Al-Adwani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Oral immunization with cholera toxin provides protection against Campylobacter jejuni in an adult mouse intestinal colonization model. mBio 2013; 4:e00246-13. [PMID: 23653448 PMCID: PMC3663192 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00246-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity to Campylobacter jejuni, a major diarrheal pathogen, is largely Penner serotype specific. For broad protection, a vaccine should be based on a common antigen(s) present in all strains. In our previous study (M. J. Albert, S. Haridas, D. Steer, G. S. Dhaunsi, A. I. Smith, and B. Adler, Infect. Immun. 75:3070–3073, 2007), we demonstrated that antibody to cholera toxin (CT) cross-reacted with the major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) of all Campylobacter jejuni strains tested. In the current study, we investigated whether immunization with CT protects against intestinal colonization by C. jejuni in an adult mouse model and whether the nontoxic subunit of CT (CT-B) is the portion mediating cross-reaction. Mice were orally immunized with CT and later challenged with C. jejuni strains (48, 75, and 111) of different serotypes. Control animals were immunized with phosphate-buffered saline. Fecal shedding of challenge organisms was studied daily for 9 days. Serum and fecal antibody responses were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. The cross-reactivity of rabbit CT-B antibody to MOMP was studied by immunoblotting. The reactivity of 21 overlapping 30-mer oligopeptides (based on MOMP’s sequence) against rabbit CT antibody was tested by ELISA. Test animals produced antibodies to CT and MMP in serum and feces and showed resistance to colonization, the vaccine efficacies being 49% (for strain 48), 37% (for strain 75), and 34% (for strain 111) (P, ≤0.05 to ≤0.001). One peptide corresponding to a variable region of MOMP showed significant reactivity. CT-B antibody cross-reacted with MOMP. Since CT-B is a component of oral cholera vaccines, it might be possible to control C. jejuni diarrhea with these vaccines. Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide. Patients who recover from C. jejuni diarrhea develop immunity to the infecting serotype and remain susceptible to infection with other serotypes. A vaccine based on a common protective antigen(s) present in all C. jejuni serotypes is expected to provide broad protection. In our previous study, we showed that antibody to cholera toxin (CT) reacted with the major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) from different strains of C. jejuni. We assumed that the B subunit of the toxin (CT-B), which is nontoxic and a component of licensed oral cholera vaccines, might be the component that cross-reacts with MOMP. In the current study, we showed that orally immunizing mice with CT protected them against colonization upon challenge with different serotypes of C. jejuni. We also showed that CT-B is the component mediating cross-reaction. Therefore, it might be possible to use cholera vaccines to prevent C. jejuni diarrhea. This could result in significant savings in vaccine development and treatment of the disease.
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Zhang M, Meng F, Cao F, Qiao B, Liu G, Liu H, Zhou Y, Dong H, Gu Y, Xiao D, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Cloning, expression, and antigenicity of 14 proteins from Campylobacter jejuni. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:706-12. [PMID: 22779748 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen Campylobacter jejuni genes--porA, cadF, omp18, dnaK, flaC, peb1, peb2, peb3, peb4, ahpC, groEL, tuF, hipO, and Cj0069--were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The recombinant proteins were purified on histidine (His) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) trap columns using the ÄKTA Explorer 100 System. Recombinant proteins were visualized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The antigenicities of these recombinant proteins were assessed by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with anti-C. jejuni immune rabbit sera. Four recombinant proteins, including rGST-PorA, rHis-CadF, rGST-GroEL, and rGST-TuF, demonstrated reactions with both anti-serum and preimmune serum, while rHis-DnaK, rGST-FlaC, rGST-PEB2, rGST-PEB3, rGST-PEB4, and rGST-HipO showed variable antigenicity characteristics to the anti-sera derived from different C. jejuni strains. rHis-Omp18, rHis-PEB1, and rGST-AhpC demonstrated universal and specific antigenities with the entire anti-sera panel tested in this present study, while recombinant rGST-Cj0069 and rHis-DnaK did not react with any of the anti-C. jejuni sera tested. In conclusion, rGST-AhpC may be useful as a potential serodiagnostic antigen for C. jejuni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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