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Ramos da Silva J, Bitencourt Rodrigues K, Formoso Pelegrin G, Silva Sales N, Muramatsu H, de Oliveira Silva M, Porchia BFMM, Moreno ACR, Aps LRMM, Venceslau-Carvalho AA, Tombácz I, Fotoran WL, Karikó K, Lin PJC, Tam YK, de Oliveira Diniz M, Pardi N, de Souza Ferreira LC. Single immunizations of self-amplifying or non-replicating mRNA-LNP vaccines control HPV-associated tumors in mice. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn3464. [PMID: 36867683 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
As mRNA vaccines have proved to be very successful in battling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this new modality has attracted widespread interest for the development of potent vaccines against other infectious diseases and cancer. Cervical cancer caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and the development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. In the present study, we compared the performance of three different mRNA vaccine modalities to target tumors associated with HPV-16 infection in mice. We generated lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated self-amplifying mRNA as well as unmodified and nucleoside-modified non-replicating mRNA vaccines encoding a chimeric protein derived from the fusion of the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein and the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gDE7). We demonstrated that single low-dose immunizations with any of the three gDE7 mRNA vaccines induced activation of E7-specific CD8+ T cells, generated memory T cell responses capable of preventing tumor relapses, and eradicated subcutaneous tumors at different growth stages. In addition, the gDE7 mRNA-LNP vaccines induced potent tumor protection in two different orthotopic mouse tumor models after administration of a single vaccine dose. Last, comparative studies demonstrated that all three gDE7 mRNA-LNP vaccines proved to be superior to gDE7 DNA and gDE7 recombinant protein vaccines. Collectively, we demonstrated the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of three different mRNA vaccines in extensive comparative experiments. Our data support further evaluation of these mRNA vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Ramos da Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karine Bitencourt Rodrigues
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Formoso Pelegrin
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariângela de Oliveira Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna F M M Porchia
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda., São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Raposo M M Aps
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda., São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Adrianne Venceslau-Carvalho
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wesley Luzetti Fotoran
- Department of Parasitology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-020, Brazil
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2
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Gargan S, Stevenson NJ. Unravelling the Immunomodulatory Effects of Viral Ion Channels, towards the Treatment of Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:2165. [PMID: 34834972 PMCID: PMC8618147 DOI: 10.3390/v13112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the research community to develop a better understanding of viruses, in particular their modes of infection and replicative lifecycles, to aid in the development of novel vaccines and much needed anti-viral therapeutics. Several viruses express proteins capable of forming pores in host cellular membranes, termed "Viroporins". They are a family of small hydrophobic proteins, with at least one amphipathic domain, which characteristically form oligomeric structures with central hydrophilic domains. Consequently, they can facilitate the transport of ions through the hydrophilic core. Viroporins localise to host membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum and regulate ion homeostasis creating a favourable environment for viral infection. Viroporins also contribute to viral immune evasion via several mechanisms. Given that viroporins are often essential for virion assembly and egress, and as their structural features tend to be evolutionarily conserved, they are attractive targets for anti-viral therapeutics. This review discusses the current knowledge of several viroporins, namely Influenza A virus (IAV) M2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viral protein U (Vpu), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) p7, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E5, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Open Reading Frame (ORF)3a and Polyomavirus agnoprotein. We highlight the intricate but broad immunomodulatory effects of these viroporins and discuss the current antiviral therapies that target them; continually highlighting the need for future investigations to focus on novel therapeutics in the treatment of existing and future emergent viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Gargan
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
- Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Manama 15503, Bahrain
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3
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Ramos da Silva J, Ramos Moreno AC, Silva Sales N, de Oliveira Silva M, Aps LRMM, Porchia BFMM, Bitencourt Rodrigues K, Cestari Moreno N, Venceslau-Carvalho AA, Menck CFM, de Oliveira Diniz M, de Souza Ferreira LC. A therapeutic DNA vaccine and gemcitabine act synergistically to eradicate HPV-associated tumors in a preclinical model. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1949896. [PMID: 34367730 PMCID: PMC8312617 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1949896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although active immunotherapies are effective strategies to induce activation of CD8+ T cells, advanced stage tumors require further improvements for efficient control. Concerning the burden of cancer-related to Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly the high incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, our group developed an approach based on a DNA vaccine targeting the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein (pgDE7h). This immunotherapy is capable of inducing an antitumour CD8+ T cell response but show only partial control of tumors in more advanced growth stages. Here, we combined a chemotherapeutic agent (gemcitabine- Gem) with pgDE7h to overcome immunosuppression and improve antitumour responses in a preclinical mouse tumor model. Our results demonstrated that administration of Gem had synergistic antitumor effects when combined with pgDE7h leading to eradication of both early-stages and established tumors. Overall, the antiproliferative effects of Gem observed in vitro and in vivo provided an optimal window for immunotherapy. In addition, the enhanced antitumour responses induced by the combined therapeutic regimen included enhanced frequencies of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), E7-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and, concomitantly, less pronounced accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). These findings demonstrated that the combination of Gem and an active immunotherapy strategy show increased effectiveness, leading to a reduced need for multiple drug doses and, therefore, decreased deleterious side effects avoiding resistance and tumor relapses. Altogether, our results provide evidence for a new and feasible chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy that supports future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Ramos da Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariângela de Oliveira Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana R M M Aps
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna F M M Porchia
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Bitencourt Rodrigues
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- DNA Repair Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Mitochondrial Genetics Lab. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Frederico M Menck
- DNA Repair Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 5 University St, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva JR, Sales NS, Silva MO, Aps LRMM, Moreno ACR, Rodrigues EG, Ferreira LCS, Diniz MO. Expression of a soluble IL-10 receptor enhances the therapeutic effects of a papillomavirus-associated antitumor vaccine in a murine model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:753-763. [PMID: 30806747 PMCID: PMC11028134 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-02297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of IL-10, produced either by tumor cells or immunosuppressive cells, is frequently associated with a poor prognosis for cancer progression. It may also negatively impact anticancer treatments, such as immunotherapies, that otherwise would promote the activation of cytotoxic T cells capable of detecting and destroying malignant cells. In the present study, we evaluated a new adjuvant approach for anticancer immunotherapy using a plasmid vector encoding a soluble form of the IL-10 receptor (pIL-10R). pIL-10R was coadministered to mice with a DNA vaccine encoding the type 16 human papillomavirus (HPV-16) E7 oncoprotein genetically fused with glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus (HSV) (pgDE7h). Immunization regimens based on the coadministration of pIL-10R and pgDE7h enhanced the antitumor immunity elicited in mice injected with TC-1 cells, which express HPV-16 oncoproteins. The administration of the DNA vaccines by in vivo electroporation further enhanced the anticancer effects of the vaccines, leading to the activation of tumor-infiltrating polyfunctional E7-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and control of the expansion of immunosuppressive cells. In addition, the combination of immunotherapy and pIL-10R allowed the control of tumors in more advanced growth stages that otherwise would not be treatable by the pgDE7h vaccine. In conclusion, the proposed treatment involving the expression of IL-10R enhanced the antitumor protective immunity induced by pgDE7h administration and may contribute to the development of more efficient clinical interventions against HPV-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile R Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natiely S Sales
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariângela O Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luana R M M Aps
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C R Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elaine G Rodrigues
- Tumor Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís C S Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 5 University St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
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5
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de Freitas AC, de Oliveira THA, Barros MR, Venuti A. hrHPV E5 oncoprotein: immune evasion and related immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:71. [PMID: 28545552 PMCID: PMC5445378 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is a key factor in the fight against HPV infection and related cancers, and thus, HPV is able to promote immune evasion through the expression of oncogenes. In particular, the E5 oncogene is responsible for modulation of several immune mechanisms, including antigen presentation and inflammatory pathways. Moreover, E5 was suggested as a promising therapeutic target, since there is still no effective medical therapy for the treatment of HPV-related pre-neoplasia and cancer. Indeed, several studies have shown good prospective for E5 immunotherapy, suggesting that it could be applied for the treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. Thus, insofar as the majority of cervical, oropharyngeal and anal cancers are caused by high-risk HPV (hrHPV), mainly by HPV16, the aim of this review is to discuss the immune pathways interfered by E5 oncoprotein of hrHPV highlighting the various aspects of the potential immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Talita Helena Araújo de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marconi Rego Barros
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Aldo Venuti
- Department of Research, HPV-Unit, UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Co-Administration of Anti-Angiogenic Peptide and DNA Vaccine in Cervical Cancer Tumor Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Santana VC, Almeida RR, Ribeiro SP, Ferreira LCDS, Kalil J, Rosa DS, Cunha-Neto E. Co-administration of plasmid-encoded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases human immunodeficiency virus-1 DNA vaccine-induced polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1010-6. [PMID: 26602876 PMCID: PMC4708021 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell based vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) generate specific
responses that may limit both transmission and disease progression by controlling
viral load. Broad, polyfunctional, and cytotoxic CD4+T-cell responses have
been associated with control of simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV-1 replication,
supporting the inclusion of CD4+ T-cell epitopes in vaccine formulations.
Plasmid-encoded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF)
co-administration has been shown to induce potent CD4+ T-cell responses
and to promote accelerated priming and increased migration of antigen-specific
CD4+ T-cells. However, no study has shown whether co-immunisation with
pGM-CSF enhances the number of vaccine-induced polyfunctional CD4+
T-cells. Our group has previously developed a DNA vaccine encoding conserved,
multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR binding HIV-1 subtype B peptides, which
elicited broad, polyfunctional and long-lived CD4+ T-cell responses. Here,
we show that pGM-CSF co-immunisation improved both magnitude and quality of
vaccine-induced T-cell responses, particularly by increasing proliferating
CD4+ T-cells that produce simultaneously interferon-γ, tumour necrosis
factor-α and interleukin-2. Thus, we believe that the use of pGM-CSF may be helpful
for vaccine strategies focused on the activation of anti-HIV CD4+ T-cell
immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Canato Santana
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Kalil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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8
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de Oliveira LMF, Morale MG, Chaves AAM, Cavalher AM, Lopes AS, Diniz MDO, Schanoski AS, de Melo RL, Ferreira LCDS, de Oliveira MLS, Demasi M, Ho PL. Design, Immune Responses and Anti-Tumor Potential of an HPV16 E6E7 Multi-Epitope Vaccine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138686. [PMID: 26390407 PMCID: PMC4577214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common type of cancer among women worldwide and infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPVs) types represents the major risk factor for the etiopathogenesis of the disease. HPV-16 is the most frequently identified HPV type in cervical lesions and expression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins is required for the uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In the present study we report the design and experimental testing of a recombinant multi-epitope protein containing immunogenic epitopes of HPV-16 E6 and E7. Tumor preventive assays, based on the engraftment of TC-1 cells in mice, showed that the E6E7 multi-epitope protein induced a full preventive anti-tumor protection in wild-type mice, as well as in mice deficient in expression of CD4+ T cells and TLR4 receptor. Nonetheless, no anti-tumor protection was observed in mice deficient in CD8+ T cells. Also, the vaccine promoted high activation of E6/E7-specific T cells and in a therapeutic-approach, E6E7 protein conferred full anti-tumor protection in mice. These results show a potential use of this E6E7 multi-epitope antigen as a new and promising antigen for the development of a therapeutic vaccine against tumors induced by HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular I, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Agatha A. Muniz Chaves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular I, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Marques Cavalher
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular I, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Soriano Lopes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada-CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Diniz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Lopes de Melo
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada-CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular I, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kumar A, Yadav IS, Hussain S, Das BC, Bharadwaj M. Identification of immunotherapeutic epitope of E5 protein of human papillomavirus-16: An in silico approach. Biologicals 2015. [PMID: 26212000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancer in India and contributes 1/3rd of global burden. High risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the major etiological factor for development of cervical cancer. Two available HPV vaccines provide protection against HPV induced cervical malignancy. However, vaccines having therapeutic values are of utmost priority. Till date, most of HPV therapeutic vaccines are focused on two major HPV oncoproteins (E6/E7). HPV-E5 which acts by altering the activity of cellular proteins, mainly growth factor pathways emerges as a new therapeutic target. In present study, we predicted the candidate B-cell and T-cell epitopes of HPV16-E5, which can be used for HPV immunotherapy. We identified that epitope SAFRCFIVYIIFVY as most potent peptide for HLA-A*11:01 having percentile value of 0.5 and immunogenicity score of 0.69558. For MHC-II, epitopes IPLFLIHTHARFLIT for HLA-DRB1*14:01 alleles have the lowest IC50 value (18.13 nM). The identification of structural feature and immunogenic epitopes provides the best information for development of drugs or vaccine. In conclusion, the expression of E5 protein was detected in the early phase of the HPV infection, which gives an opportunity to target HPV-E5 that would help in the prevention and progression of the precancerous lesion to invasive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Inderjit Singh Yadav
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Aps LRMM, Diniz MO, Porchia BFMM, Sales NS, Moreno ACR, Ferreira LCS. Bacillus subtilis spores as adjuvants for DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 33:2328-34. [PMID: 25819710 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Bacillus subtilis spores were shown to be endowed with strong adjuvant capacity when co-administered with purified antigenic proteins. In the present study we assessed whether spores possess adjuvant properties when combined with DNA vaccines. We showed that B. subtilis spores promoted the activation of dendritic cells in vitro and induced migration of pro-inflammatory cells after parenteral administration to mice. Likewise, co-administration of spores with a DNA vaccine encoding the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 protein enhanced the activation of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in vivo. Mice immunized with the DNA vaccine admixed with spores presented a protective immunity increase to previously implanted tumor cells, capable of expressing HPV-16 oncoproteins. Finally, we observed that the adjuvant effect can vary accordingly to the number of co-administered spores which may be ascribed with the ability to induce. Collectively, the present results demonstrate for the first time that B. subtilis spores can also confer adjuvant effects to DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana R M M Aps
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna F M M Porchia
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natiely S Sales
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina R Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís C S Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Cordeiro MN, Paolini F, Massa S, Curzio G, Illiano E, Duarte Silva AJ, Franconi R, Bissa M, Morghen CDG, de Freitas AC, Venuti A. Anti-tumor effects of genetic vaccines against HPV major oncogenes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:45-52. [PMID: 25483514 PMCID: PMC4514265 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of HPV E5, E6 and E7 oncogenes are likely to overcome the regulation of cell proliferation and to escape immunological control, allowing uncontrolled growth and providing the potential for malignant transformation. Thus, their three oncogenic products may represent ideal target antigens for immunotherapeutic strategies. In previous attempts, we demonstrated that genetic vaccines against recombinant HPV16 E7 antigen were able to affect the tumor growth in a pre-clinical mouse model. To improve this anti-HPV strategy we developed a novel approach in which we explored the effects of E5-based genetic immunization. We designed novel HPV16 E5 genetic vaccines based on two different gene versions: whole E5 gene and E5Multi. The last one is a long multi epitope gene designed as a harmless E5 version. Both E5 genes were codon optimized for mammalian expression. In addition, we demonstrated that HPV 16 E5 oncogene is expressed in C3 mouse cell line making it an elective model for the study of E5 based vaccine. In this mouse model the immunological and biological activity of the E5 vaccines were assessed in parallel with the activity of anti-E7 and anti-E6 vaccines already reported to be effective in an immunotherapeutic setting. These E7 and E6 vaccines were made with mutated oncogenes, the E7GGG mutant that does not bind pRb and the E6F47R mutant that is less effective in inhibiting p53, respectively. Results confirmed the immunological activity of genetic formulations based on attenuated HPV16 oncogenes and showed that E5-based genetic immunization provided notable anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Nazário Cordeiro
- a Federal University of Pernambuco; Department of Genetics; Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE); Pernambuco, Brazil
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12
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Diniz MO, Cariri FAMO, Aps LRMM, Ferreira LCS. Enhanced therapeutic effects conferred by an experimental DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus-induced tumors. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:861-70. [PMID: 24007495 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for all cervical cancer cases, other anogenital cancers, and head and neck tumors. The epidemiological relevance of HPV-induced tumors reinforces the need for the development of therapeutic antitumor vaccines. Clinical trials with different vaccine formulations, particularly DNA vaccines, have provided promising results but have still been unable to achieve the immunogenicity required for use in infected patients. In experimental conditions, anticancer HPV-specific vaccines induced E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses but did not confer full therapeutic antitumor protection in mice with transplanted HPV-expressing TC-1 cells, which are the most frequently used nonclinical protection correlate for antitumor effects. Our group has developed a DNA vaccine strategy based on the fusion of HPV oncoproteins to the herpes virus gD protein. This vaccine promoted the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell responses and partial antitumor therapeutic effects based on the blockade of coinhibitory signals and the enhancement of coactivation mechanisms. In the present study, we report conditions leading to full therapeutic antitumor effects using the TC-1 cell murine model after a single vaccine dose. The combination of a coadministered plasmid encoding IL-2, optimization of the coding sequence for mammalian cells, and the use of different delivery routes resulted in enhancements of the E7-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell responses and full therapeutic protection under experimental conditions. The combination of these strategies augmented the potency of the DNA vaccine formulation to levels not previously achieved by other therapeutic antitumor vaccines under similar experimental conditions, including some that have been taken to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana O Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 05508-900 Brazil
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13
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Ragonnaud E, Holst P. The rationale of vectored gene-fusion vaccines against cancer: evolving strategies and latest evidence. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2014; 1:33-47. [PMID: 24757514 DOI: 10.1177/2051013613480446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of vaccines that target tumor antigens in cancer has proven difficult. A major reason for this is that T cells specific for tumor self-antigens and neoantigens are eliminated or inactivated through mechanisms of tolerance. Antigen fusion strategies which increase the ability of vaccines to stimulate T cells that have escaped tolerance mechanisms, may have a particular potential as immunotherapies. This review highlights antigen fusion strategies that have been successful in stimulating the induction of T-cell immunity against cancer and counteracting tumor-associated tolerance. In preclinical studies, these strategies have shown to improve the potency of vectored vaccines through fusion of tumor antigen to proteins or protein domains that increase CD4+ T-cell help, CD8+ T-cell responses or both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. However, in clinical trials such strategies seem to be less efficient when provided as a DNA vaccine. The first clinical trial using a viral vectored fusion-gene vaccine is expected to be tested as a partner in a heterologous prime-boost regimen directed against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Holst
- ISIM - Center for Medical Parasitology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Santana VC, Diniz MO, Cariri FAMO, Ventura AM, Cunha-Neto E, Almeida RR, Campos MA, Lima GK, Ferreira LCS. Bicistronic DNA vaccines simultaneously encoding HIV, HSV and HPV antigens promote CD8⁺ T cell responses and protective immunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71322. [PMID: 23951135 PMCID: PMC3738591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are currently infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For this enormous contingent of people, the search for preventive and therapeutic immunological approaches represents a hope for the eradication of latent infection and/or virus-associated cancer. To date, attempts to develop vaccines against these viruses have been mainly based on a monovalent concept, in which one or more antigens of a virus are incorporated into a vaccine formulation. In the present report, we designed and tested an immunization strategy based on DNA vaccines that simultaneously encode antigens for HIV, HSV and HPV. With this purpose in mind, we tested two bicistronic DNA vaccines (pIRES I and pIRES II) that encode the HPV-16 oncoprotein E7 and the HIV protein p24 both genetically fused to the HSV-1 gD envelope protein. Mice i.m. immunized with the DNA vaccines mounted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, including in vivo cytotoxic responses, against the three antigens. Under experimental conditions, the vaccines conferred protective immunity against challenges with a vaccinia virus expressing the HIV-derived protein Gag, an HSV-1 virus strain and implantation of tumor cells expressing the HPV-16 oncoproteins. Altogether, our results show that the concept of a trivalent HIV, HSV, and HPV vaccine capable to induce CD8+ T cell-dependent responses is feasible and may aid in the development of preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for the control of diseases associated with these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius C. Santana
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana O. Diniz
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco A. M. O. Cariri
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armando M. Ventura
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R. Almeida
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Campos
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Luís C. S. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Huston WM, Harvie M, Mittal A, Timms P, Beagley KW. Vaccination to protect against infection of the female reproductive tract. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8:81-94. [PMID: 22149343 DOI: 10.1586/eci.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the female genital tract can result in serious morbidities and mortalities from reproductive disability, pelvic inflammatory disease and cancer, to impacts on the fetus, such as infant blindness. While therapeutic agents are available, frequent testing and treatment is required to prevent the occurrence of the severe disease sequelae. Hence, sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health burden with ongoing social and economic barriers to prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, while there are two success stories in the development of vaccines to protect against HPV infection of the female reproductive tract, many serious infectious agents impacting on the female reproductive tract still have no vaccines available. Vaccination to prevent infection of the female reproductive tract is an inherently difficult target, with many impacting factors, such as appropriate vaccination strategies/mechanisms to induce a suitable protective response locally in the genital tract, variation in the local immune responses due to the hormonal cycle, selection of vaccine antigen(s) that confers effective protection against multiple variants of a single pathogen (e.g., the different serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis) and timing of the vaccine administration prior to infection exposure. Despite these difficulties, there are numerous ongoing efforts to develop effective vaccines against these infectious agents and it is likely that this important human health field will see further major developments in the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina M Huston
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Zhao F, Wang S, Zhang X, Gu W, Yu J, Liu S, Zeng T, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Protective efficacy of a Treponema pallidum Gpd DNA vaccine vectored by chitosan nanoparticles and fused with interleukin-2. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:117-23. [PMID: 22260167 DOI: 10.1139/w11-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, immunomodulatory responses of a DNA vaccine constructed by fusing Treponema pallidum (Tp) glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (Gpd) to interleukin-2 (IL-2) and using chitosan (CS) nanoparticles as vectors were investigated. New Zealand white rabbits were immunized by intramuscular inoculation of control DNAs, Tp Gpd DNA vaccine, or Gpd-IL-2 fusion DNA vaccine, which were vectored by CS nanoparticles. Levels of the anti-Gpd antibodies and levels of IL-2 and interferon-γ in rabbits were increased upon inoculation of Gpd-IL-2 fusion DNA vaccine, when compared with the inoculation with Gpd DNA vaccine, with CS vectoring increasing the effects. The Gpd-IL-2 fusion DNA vaccine efficiently enhanced the antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative response. When the rabbits were challenged intradermally with 10(5) Tp (Nichols) spirochetes, the Gpd-IL-2 fusion DNA vaccine conferred better protection than the Gpd DNA vaccine (P < 0.05), as characterized by lower detectable amounts of dark field positive lesions (17.5%), lower ulcerative lesion scores (15%), and faster recovery. Individuals treated with the Tp Gpd-IL-2 fusion DNA vaccine vectored by CS nanoparticles had the lowest amounts of dark field positive lesions (10%) and ulcerations (5%) observed and the fastest recovery (42 days). These results indicate that the Gpd-IL-2 fusion DNA vaccine vectored by CS nanoparticles can efficiently induce Th1-dominant immune responses, improve protective efficacy against Tp spirochete infection, and effectively attenuate development of syphilitic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijun Zhao
- Pathogenic Biology Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
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17
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Porchia BFMM, Diniz MO, Cariri FAMO, Santana VC, Amorim JH, Balan A, Braga CJM, Ferreira LCS. Purified herpes simplex type 1 glycoprotein D (gD) genetically fused with the type 16 human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein enhances antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and confers protective antitumor immunity. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:2320-30. [PMID: 21985578 DOI: 10.1021/mp200194s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 herpes virus (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) enhances antigen-specific immune responses, particularly CD8(+) T cell responses, in mice immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hybrid proteins genetically fused with the target antigen at a site near the C-terminal end. These effects are attributed to the interaction of gD with the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and the concomitant blockade of a coinhibitory mechanism mediated by the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). However, questions concerning the requirement for endogenous synthesis of the antigen or the adjuvant/antigen fusion itself have not been addressed so far. In the present study, we investigated these points using purified recombinant gDs, genetically fused or not with type 16 papilloma virus (HPV-16) E7 oncoprotein. Soluble recombinant gDs, but not denatured forms, retained the ability to bind surface-exposed cellular receptors of HVEM-expressing U937 cells. In addition, in vivo administration of the recombinant proteins, particularly gD genetically fused with E7 (gDE7), promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DC) and antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. More relevantly, mice immunized with the gDE7 protein developed complete preventive and partial therapeutic antitumor protection, as measured in mice following the implantation of TC-1 cells expressing HPV-16 oncoproteins. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the T cell adjuvant effects of the HSV-1 gD protein did not require endogenous synthesis and could be demonstrated in mice immunized with purified recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F M M Porchia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Bergot AS, Kassianos A, Frazer IH, Mittal D. New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3461-95. [PMID: 24212964 PMCID: PMC3759206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP) technology, have the potential to prevent a large proportion of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection and to ensure long-term protection. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and do not prevent their progression to HPV-associated malignancy. In animal models, therapeutic vaccines for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors expressing HPV antigens, but are of limited efficacy in inducing rejection of skin grafts expressing the same antigens. In humans, clinical trials have reported successful immunotherapy of HPV lesions, providing hope and further interest. This review discusses possible new approaches to immunotherapy for HPV associated cancer, based on recent advances in our knowledge of the immunobiology of HPV infection, of epithelial immunology and of immunoregulation, with a brief overview on previous and current HPV vaccine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bergot
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-S.B); (D.M.); Tel.: +61 (07) 3176 2769; Fax: +61 7 3176 5946
| | | | | | - Deepak Mittal
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-S.B); (D.M.); Tel.: +61 (07) 3176 2769; Fax: +61 7 3176 5946
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19
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Active immunotherapy combined with blockade of a coinhibitory pathway achieves regression of large tumor masses in cancer-prone mice. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1727-36. [PMID: 21587210 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that aim to expand tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells have yielded disappointing results in cancer patients although they showed efficacy in transplantable tumor mouse models. Using a system that more faithfully mimics a progressing cancer and its immunoinhibitory microenvironment, we here show that in transgenic mice, which gradually develop adenocarcinomas due to expression of HPV-16 E7 within their thyroid, a highly immunogenic vaccine expressing E7 only induces low E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, which fail to affect the size of the tumors. In contrast, the same type of vaccine expressing E7 fused to herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 glycoprotein D (gD), an antagonist of the coinhibitory B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)/CD160-herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) pathways, stimulates potent E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, which can be augmented by repeated vaccination, resulting in initial regression of even large tumor masses in all mice with sustained regression in more than half of them. These results indicate that active immunization concomitantly with blockade of the immunoinhibitory HVEM-BTLA/CD160 pathways through HSV-1 gD may result in sustained tumor regression.
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20
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Diniz M, Ferreira L. Enhanced anti-tumor effect of a gene gun-delivered DNA vaccine encoding the human papillomavirus type 16 oncoproteins genetically fused to the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:421-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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