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Vilander AC, Shelton K, LaVoy A, Dean GA. Expression of E. coli FimH Enhances Trafficking of an Orally Delivered Lactobacillus acidophilus Vaccine to Immune Inductive Sites via Antigen-Presenting Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1162. [PMID: 37514978 PMCID: PMC10384470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of lactic acid bacteria as mucosal vaccine vectors requires the identification of robust mucosal adjuvants to increase vaccine effectiveness. The E. coli type I fimbriae adhesion protein FimH is of interest as a mucosal adjuvant as it targets microfold (M) cells enhancing vaccine uptake into Peyer's patches and can activate the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 binding. Here, we displayed the N-terminal domain of FimH on the surface of a Lactobacillus acidophilus vaccine vector and evaluated its ability to increase uptake of L. acidophilus into Peyer's patches and activate innate immune responses. FimH was robustly displayed on the L. acidophilus surface but did not increase uptake into the Peyer's patches. FimH did increase trafficking of L. acidophilus to mesenteric lymph nodes by antigen-presenting cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. It also increased transcription of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase and decreased transcription of IL-21 in the Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. The N-terminal domain of FimH did not activate TLR4 in vitro, indicating that FimH may stimulate innate immune responses through a not-yet-identified mechanism. These results indicate that E. coli FimH alters the innate immune response to L. acidophilus and should be further studied as an adjuvant for lactic acid bacterial vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kimberly Shelton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alora LaVoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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2
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Ou B, Yang Y, Lv H, Lin X, Zhang M. Current Progress and Challenges in the Study of Adjuvants for Oral Vaccines. BioDrugs 2023; 37:143-180. [PMID: 36607488 PMCID: PMC9821375 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, a variety of potential adjuvants have been studied to enhance the effect of oral vaccines in the intestinal mucosal immune system; however, no licensed adjuvant for clinical application in oral vaccines is available. In this review, we systematically updated the research progress of oral vaccine adjuvants over the past 2 decades, including biogenic adjuvants, non-biogenic adjuvants, and their multi-type composite adjuvant materials, and introduced their immune mechanisms of adjuvanticity, aiming at providing theoretical basis for developing feasible and effective adjuvants for oral vaccines. Based on these insights, we briefly discussed the challenges in the development of oral vaccine adjuvants and prospects for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haihui Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Minyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China. .,School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Quazi S. Anti-cancer activity of human gastrointestinal bacteria. Med Oncol 2022; 39:220. [PMID: 36175586 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasm is one of the most incurable diseases among inflammatory diseases. Researchers have been studying for decades to win over this lethal disease and provide the light of hope to humankind. The gastrointestinal bacteria of human hold a complex ecosystem and maintain homeostasis. One hundred trillion microbes are residing in the gastrointestinal tract of human. Disturbances in the microbiota of human's gastrointestinal tract can create immune response against inflammation and also can develop diseases, including cancer. The bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of human can secrete a variety of metabolites and bioproducts which aid in the preservation of homeostasis in the host and gut. During pathogenic dysbiosis, on the other hand, numerous microbiota subpopulations may increase and create excessive levels of toxins, which can cause inflammation and cancer. Furthermore, the immune system of host and the epithelium cell can be influenced by gut microbiota. Probiotics, which are bacteria that live in the gut, have been protected against tumor formation. Probiotics are now studied to see if they can help fight dysbiosis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy because of their capacity to maintain gut homeostasis. Countless numbers of gut bacteria have demonstrated anti-cancer efficiency in cancer treatment, prevention, and boosting the efficiency of immunotherapy. The review article has briefly explained the anti-cancer immunity of gut microbes and their application in treating a variety of cancer. This review paper also highlights the pre-clinical studies of probiotics against cancer and the completed and ongoing clinical trials on cancers with the two most common and highly effective probiotics Lactobacillus and Bacillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, 560043, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Immunogenic Modification of Ligilactobacillus agilis by Specific Amino Acid Substitution of Flagellin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0127722. [PMID: 36173204 PMCID: PMC9599256 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01277-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus agilis is a flagellated motile commensal microbe that resides in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Flagellin, the major subunit protein of flagellar filament, from pathogenic bacteria is generally a proinflammatory molecule that stimulates immune cells via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Interestingly, the flagellins of L. agilis are known to be immunologically attenuated despite the fact that the structure of the proteins, including the TLR5 recognition site, is highly conserved among bacteria. The results of our previous study suggested that this is attributed to the differences in three specific amino acids within the conserved TLR5 recognition site; however, this hypothesis remains to be confirmed. In this study, a series of recombinant L. agilis flagellins, with amino acid substitutions at the TLR5 recognition site, were constructed, and their immunogenic activity was evaluated in vitro. Then, an L. agilis strain with an active immunogenic TLR5 recognition site was generated. In vitro and in vivo immunological studies revealed that the mutant L. agilis strain with the modified flagellin was more immunogenic than the wild-type strain. In conclusion, the specific amino acid residues in L. agilis flagellins likely contribute to the discrimination between pathogens and commensals by the host defense system. Additionally, the immunogenically potent L. agilis mutants may serve as a useful platform for oral vaccine delivery. IMPORTANCE The interactions between gut microbes and immune cells play an important role in the health and disease of hosts. Ligilactobacillus agilis is a flagellated commensal bacterium found in the gut of mammals and birds. However, the flagellin proteins of L. agilis are immunologically attenuated and barely induce TLR5-dependent inflammation, unlike the flagellins of several pathogenic bacteria. This study demonstrated that three specific amino acids in the flagellin protein are responsible for this low immunogenicity in L. agilis. The results obtained herein improve our understanding of the symbiosis between gut microbes and their hosts.
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Manohar MM, Campbell BE, Walduck AK, Moore RJ. Enhancement of live vaccines by co-delivery of immune modulating proteins. Vaccine 2022; 40:5769-5780. [PMID: 36064671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are very effective in providing protection against many infectious diseases. However, it has proven difficult to develop highly efficacious vaccines against some pathogens and so there is a continuing need to improve vaccine technologies. The first successful and widely used vaccines were based on attenuated pathogens (e.g., laboratory passaged Pasteurella multocida to vaccinate against fowl cholera) or closely related non-pathogenic organisms (e.g., cowpox to vaccinate against smallpox). Subsequently, live vaccines, either attenuated pathogens or non-pathogenic microorganisms modified to deliver heterologous antigens, have been successfully used to induce protective immune responses against many pathogens. Unlike conventional killed and subunit vaccines, live vaccines can deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces in a similar manner and context as the natural infection and hence can often produce a more appropriate and protective immune response. Despite these advantages, there is still a need to improve the immunogenicity of some live vaccines. The efficacy of injectable killed and subunit vaccines is usually enhanced using adjuvants such mineral salts, oils, and saponin, but such adjuvants cannot be used with live vaccines. Instead, live vaccines can be engineered to produce immunomodulatory molecules that can stimulate the immune system to induce more robust and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on research that has been undertaken to engineer live vaccines to produce immunomodulatory molecules that act as adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Adjuvant strategies with varying mechanisms of action (inflammatory, antibody-mediated, cell-mediated) and delivery modes (oral, intramuscular, intranasal) have been investigated, with varying degrees of success. The goal of such research is to define adjuvant strategies that can be adapted to enhance live vaccine efficacy by triggering strong innate and adaptive immune responses and produce vaccines against a wider range of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha M Manohar
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | | | - Anna K Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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Lin-Zhao Z, Tong-Yang B, Yi-Xuan Y, Ning-Guo S, Xing-Zhang D, Nan-Ji S, Lv B, Huan-Kang Y, Feng-Shan X, Mei-Shi Q, Wen-Sun W, Dong-Qian A. Construction and immune efficacy of recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing OmpAI of Aeromonas veronii C5-I as molecular adjuvant. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104827. [PMID: 33892129 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in diagnosis and control, Aeromonas infections are considered the leading cause of economic aquaculture loss. In this study, to enhance DNA vaccine efficacy against Aeromonas infections, a fused DNA fragment (1504 bp) of the OmpAI gene from Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) combined with the C5-I gene from the common carp was generated with splicing by overlapping PCR (SOE-PCR) and expressed in Lactobacillus casei strain CC16. Protein C5-I served as a molecular adjuvant for the antigen OmpAI. Two types of fusion antigens were developed (anchored and secretory). Generally, anchored-type antigens are more effective in inducing immune responses in fish than secretory antigens. Western blot analysis showed that the bands of both antigens were present at 58 kDa. After oral immunization, both DNA vaccines enhanced the serum levels of AKP, ACP, SOD and LZM in immunized carp; the genes IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the heart, liver, spleen, head kidney, and intestinal tract were upregulated; and a stronger phagocytic response was triggered in immunized fish. In addition, common carp administered the fused antigens were more protected from Aeromonas challenge (60-73.3% protection). Recombinant Lactobacillus bacteria expressing the fused protein showed a greater propensity for colonization in the intestinal tract in immunized fish than in controls. Here, we provide a promising approach to improve DNA vaccine immunogenicity for protecting common carp from A. veronii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lin-Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bin Tong-Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University Shuangyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yang Yi-Xuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Song Ning-Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong Xing-Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Sheng Nan-Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bing Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan Huan-Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao Feng-Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qiu Mei-Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Wu Wen-Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Ai Dong-Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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7
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Immune enhancing effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Newcastle disease vaccination in chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 72:101520. [PMID: 32721773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Despite the various vaccination programs for protection against New Castle disease, it remains an important threat to the poultry industry. The ability of the probiotic bacteria to improve the immune system in both animals and humans supports their use as immune adjuvants for vaccination. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in ND vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 170 one day old chicks were divided in 5 groups. In groups A, B and C chicks were received L. acidophilus (5 × 109, 3 × 109 and 2 × 109) and also vaccinated with inactivated and attenuated ND vaccines. In group D, chicks only vaccinated without bacterial inoculation and group E was negative control with neither vaccine nor bacteria. Then IgG and HI NDV antibody titers were measured in all tested groups. RESULTS IgG and HI NDV antibody levels were significantly higher in Lactobacillus treated groups especially in group A with 5 × 109 bacteria, than only vaccinated and negative control groups. Also antibody levels against NDV increased during the vaccination period especially in probiotic treated groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, L. acidophilus can use for improving immunogenicity of NDV vaccination programs.
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8
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Abdo Z, LeCureux J, LaVoy A, Eklund B, Ryan EP, Dean GA. Impact of oral probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus vaccine strains on the immune response and gut microbiome of mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225842. [PMID: 31830087 PMCID: PMC6907787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of probiotic bacteria as adjuvants in vaccine trials led to their use as nonparenteral live mucosal vaccine vectors. Yet, interactions between these vectors, the host and the microbiome are poorly understood. This study evaluates impact of three probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus, vector strains, and their interactions with the host's immune response, on the gut microbiome. One strain expressed the membrane proximal external region from HIV-1 (MPER). The other two expressed MPER and either secreted interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) or expressed the surface flagellin subunit C (FliC) as adjuvants. We also used MPER with rice bran as prebiotic supplement. We observed a strain dependent, differential effect suggesting that MPER and IL-1β induced a shift of the microbiome while FliC had minimal impact. Joint probiotic and prebiotic use resulted in a compound effect, highlighting a potential synbiotic approach to impact efficacy of vaccination. Careful consideration of constitutive adjuvants and use of prebiotics is needed depending on whether or not to target microbiome modulation to improve vaccine efficacy. No clear associations were observed between total or MPER-specific IgA and the microbiome suggesting a role for other immune mechanisms or a need to focus on IgA-bound, resident microbiota, most affected by an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonathan LeCureux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alora LaVoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Bridget Eklund
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gregg A. Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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9
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Vilander AC, Dean GA. Adjuvant Strategies for Lactic Acid Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040150. [PMID: 31623188 PMCID: PMC6963626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, acid-tolerant bacteria that have long been used in food fermentation and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). LAB are a part of a normal microbiome and act as probiotics, improving the gastrointestinal microbiome and health when consumed. An increasing body of research has shown the importance of the microbiome on both mucosal immune heath and immune response to pathogens and oral vaccines. Currently, there are few approved mucosal vaccines, and most are attenuated viruses or bacteria, which necessitates cold chain, carries the risk of reversion to virulence, and can have limited efficacy in individuals with poor mucosal health. On account of these limitations, new types of mucosal vaccine vectors are necessary. There has been increasing interest and success in developing recombinant LAB as next generation mucosal vaccine vectors due to their natural acid and bile resistance, stability at room temperature, endogenous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the development of molecular techniques that allow for manipulation of their genomes. To enhance the immunogenicity of these LAB vaccines, numerous adjuvant strategies have been successfully employed. Here, we review these adjuvant strategies and their mechanisms of action which include: Toll-like receptor ligands, secretion of bacterial toxins, secretion of cytokines, direct delivery to antigen presenting cells, and enterocyte targeting. The ability to increase the immune response to LAB vaccines gives them the potential to be powerful mucosal vaccine vectors against mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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10
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Kim D, Kim YM, Kim WU, Park JH, Núñez G, Seo SU. Recognition of the microbiota by Nod2 contributes to the oral adjuvant activity of cholera toxin through the induction of interleukin-1β. Immunology 2019; 158:219-229. [PMID: 31478196 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of symbiotic bacteria in the development of antigen-specific immunity remains poorly understood. Previous studies showed that sensing of symbiotic bacteria by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2) regulates antibody responses in response to nasal immunization with antigen and cholera toxin (CT). In this study, we examined the role of the microbiota in the adjuvant activity of CT induced after oral immunization with antigen. Germ-free (GF) mice showed impaired production of antibody responses and T-cell-specific cytokines after oral immunization when compared with that observed in conventionally raised mice. Similar to GF mice, Nod2-deficient mice showed reduced humoral responses upon oral immunization with antigen and CT. Treatment with CT enhanced the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but not tumor necrosis factor-α or IL-12p40, induced by stimulation of dendritic cells with muramyl dipeptide, the Nod2 ligand. Mechanistically, the enhanced production of IL-1β induced by muramyl dipeptide and CT stimulation required Nod2 and was mediated by both increased synthesis of pro-IL-1β and caspase-1 activation. Furthermore, antigen-specific antibody and cytokine responses induced by CT were impaired in orally immunized IL-1β-deficient mice. Collectively, our results indicate that Nod2 stimulation by symbiotic bacteria contributes to optimal CT-mediated antigen-specific oral vaccination through the induction of IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Intestinal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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11
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Spangler JR, Caruana JC, Phillips DA, Walper SA. Broad range shuttle vector construction and promoter evaluation for the use of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 as a microbial engineering platform. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2019; 4:ysz012. [PMID: 32995537 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the field of synthetic biology grows, efforts to deploy complex genetic circuits in nonlaboratory strains of bacteria will continue to be a focus of research laboratories. Members of the Lactobacillus genus are good targets for synthetic biology research as several species are already used in many foods and as probiotics. Additionally, Lactobacilli offer a relatively safe vehicle for microbiological treatment of various health issues considering these commensals are often minor constituents of the gut microbial community and maintain allochthonous behavior. In order to generate a foundation for engineering, we developed a shuttle vector for subcloning in Escherichia coli and used it to characterize the transcriptional and translational activities of a number of promoters native to Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Additionally, we demonstrated the use of this vector system in multiple Lactobacillus species, and provided examples of non-native promoter recognition by both L. plantarum and E. coli strains that might allow a shortcut assessment of circuit outputs. A variety of promoter activities were observed covering a range of protein expression levels peaking at various times throughout growth, and subsequent directed mutations were demonstrated and suggested to further increase the degree of output tuning. We believe these data show the potential for L. plantarum WCFS1 to be used as a nontraditional synthetic biology chassis and provide evidence that our system can be transitioned to other probiotic Lactobacillus species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie C Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel A Phillips
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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Probiotic Bacteria: A Promising Tool in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:939-949. [PMID: 30949803 PMCID: PMC6586914 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is widely considered to be one of the most important components to maintain balanced homeostasis. Looking forward, probiotic bacteria have been shown to play a significant role in immunomodulation and display antitumour properties. Bacterial strains could be responsible for detection and degradation of potential carcinogens and production of short-chain fatty acids, which affect cell death and proliferation and are known as signaling molecules in the immune system. Lactic acid bacteria present in the gut has been shown to have a role in regression of carcinogenesis due to their influence on immunomodulation, which can stand as a proof of interaction between bacterial metabolites and immune and epithelial cells. Probiotic bacteria have the ability to both increase and decrease the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines which play an important role in prevention of carcinogenesis. They are also capable of activating phagocytes in order to eliminate early-stage cancer cells. Application of heat-killed probiotic bacteria coupled with radiation had a positive influence on enhancing immunological recognition of cancer cells. In the absence of active microbiota, murine immunity to carcinogens has been decreased. There are numerous cohort studies showing the correlation between ingestion of dairy products and the risk of colon and colorectal cancer. An idea of using probiotic bacteria as vectors to administer drugs has emerged lately as several papers presenting successful results have been revealed. Within the next few years, probiotic bacteria as well as gut microbiota are likely to become an important component in cancer prevention and treatment.
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13
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IL-1 Fragment Modulates Immune Response Elicited by Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Presenting an Antigen/Adjuvant Chimeric Protein. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:810-819. [PMID: 30178298 PMCID: PMC6182635 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunizations are convenient ways of vaccination, which do not require any trained personnel for administration. One of the major challenges for developing an effective mucosal vaccine is finding appropriate adjuvant. Bacillus subtilis endospores have been shown to help solving these obstacles while serving as a platform for presentation of both, antigens and adjuvants. In this study, we have successfully designed and constructed recombinant spores displaying an antigen/adjuvant chimeric protein. We have used a fragment of Clostridium difficile flagellar cap FliD protein as antigen and VQGEESNDK peptide, a fragment of human IL-1β, as adjuvant. Recombinant spores presenting FliD were able to elicit immune response in orally immunized mice which could be evaluated by detection of FliD-specific IgA antibodies in feces of immunized animals. Moreover, the presence of IL-1β fragment significantly changed characteristics of elicited immune response. Obtained results show that recombinant spores presenting an antigen/adjuvant chimeric protein exhibit both properties in mucosal immunization of mice. Moreover, IL-1β fragment could serve as valuable adjuvant in B. subtilis spore-based mucosal vaccines.
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14
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Kalyanasundram J, Chia SL, Song AAL, Raha AR, Young HA, Yusoff K. Surface display of glycosylated Tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) tumour antigen on Lactococcus lactis. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:113. [PMID: 26715153 PMCID: PMC4696278 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The exploitation of the surface display system of food and commensal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for bacterial, viral, or protozoan antigen delivery has received strong interest recently. The Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status of the Lactococcus lactis coupled with a non-recombinant strategy of in-trans surface display, provide a safe platform for therapeutic drug and vaccine development. However, production of therapeutic proteins fused with cell-wall anchoring motifs is predominantly limited to prokaryotic expression systems. This presents a major disadvantage in the surface display system particularly when glycosylation has been recently identified to significantly enhance epitope presentation. In this study, the glycosylated murine Tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) with the ability to anchor onto the L. lactis cell wall was produced in suspension adapted Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-S) cells by expressing TRP-2 fused with cell wall anchoring LysM motif (cA) at the C-terminus. Results A total amount of 33 μg of partially purified TRP-2-cA from ~6.0 g in wet weight of CHO-S cells was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. The purified TRP-2-cA protein was shown to be N-glycosylated and successfully anchored to the L. lactis cell wall. Conclusions Thus cell surface presentation of glycosylated mammalian antigens may now permit development of novel and inexpensive vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Adelene Ai-Lian Song
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Rahim Raha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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15
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Kajikawa A, Zhang L, LaVoy A, Bumgardner S, Klaenhammer TR, Dean GA. Mucosal Immunogenicity of Genetically Modified Lactobacillus acidophilus Expressing an HIV-1 Epitope within the Surface Layer Protein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141713. [PMID: 26509697 PMCID: PMC4624987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface layer proteins of probiotic lactobacilli are theoretically efficient epitope-displaying scaffolds for oral vaccine delivery due to their high expression levels and surface localization. In this study, we constructed genetically modified Lactobacillus acidophilus strains expressing the membrane proximal external region (MPER) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) within the context of the major S-layer protein, SlpA. Intragastric immunization of mice with the recombinants induced MPER-specific and S-layer protein-specific antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions. Moreover, analysis of systemic SlpA-specific cytokines revealed that the responses appeared to be Th1 and Th17 dominant. These findings demonstrated the potential use of the Lactobacillus S-layer protein for development of oral vaccines targeting specific peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kajikawa
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alora LaVoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sara Bumgardner
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Todd R. Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gregg A. Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Amalaradjou MAR, Bhunia AK. Bioengineered probiotics, a strategic approach to control enteric infections. Bioengineered 2013; 4:379-87. [PMID: 23327986 PMCID: PMC3937199 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric infections account for high morbidity and mortality and are considered to be the fifth leading cause of death at all ages worldwide. Seventy percent of all enteric infections are foodborne. Thus significant efforts have been directed toward the detection, control and prevention of foodborne diseases. Many antimicrobials including antibiotics have been used for their control and prevention. However, probiotics offer a potential alternative intervention strategy owing to their general health beneficial properties and inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens. Often, antimicrobial probiotic action is non-specific and non-discriminatory or may be ineffective. In such cases, bioengineered probiotics expressing foreign gene products to achieve specific function is highly desirable. In this review we summarize the strategic development of recombinant bioengineered probiotics to control enteric infections, and to examine how scientific advancements in the human microbiome and their immunomodulatory effects help develop such novel and safe bioengineered probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory; Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
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17
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Wang Z, Yu Q, Fu J, Liang J, Yang Q. Immune responses of chickens inoculated with recombinant Lactobacillus expressing the haemagglutinin of the avian influenza virus. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1269-77. [PMID: 23937220 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a safe, effective and convenient vaccine for the prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), we have successfully constructed a recombinant lactobacillus (LDL17-pH) that expresses the foreign HPAI protein, haemagglutinin 1 (HA1 ). METHODS AND RESULTS The mucosal and systemic immune responses that are triggered by LDL17-pH following the oral administration to 10-day-old chickens were evaluated. The results showed that LDL17-pH could significantly increase the specific anti-HA1 IgA antibody level in the mucosa and the anti-HA1 IgG level in sera. Tissues were isolated from trachea and Peyer's patches(PPs)and caecal tonsils of chickens, and gene expression was analysed via real-time quantitative PCR. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that LDL17-pH could significantly induce the specific anti-HA1 IgA antibody level in the trachea and intestine and the specific anti-HA1 IgG antibody level in the serum (P < 0·05). Additionally, LDL17-pH was in the capacity to induce the expression of cytokines IFN-γ, TLR-2 and AvBD-9 in the PPs and caecal tonsils. Most importantly, the chickens that were immunized with LDL17-pH were protected against lethal challenge of the H5N1 virus to some extent. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Therefore, LDL17-pH could be a promising oral vaccine candidate against HPAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Construction and immunological evaluation of dual cell surface display of HIV-1 gag and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FliC in Lactobacillus acidophilus for vaccine delivery. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1374-81. [PMID: 22761297 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00049-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral vaccines that elicit a mucosal immune response may be effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) because its transmission occurs mainly at the mucosa. The aim of this study was to construct recombinant Lactobacillus for oral delivery of oral vaccines against HIV-1 and to evaluate their immunogenicity. A recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus strain expressing the HIV-1 Gag on the bacterial cell surface was established by fusion with the signal peptide and anchor motif of a mucus binding protein (Mub) from L. acidophilus with or without coexpression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin (FliC) fused to a different Mub signal peptide and anchor. Using HEK293 cells engineered to express Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), the biological activity of FliC on the bacterial cell surfaces was determined. The surface-exposed flagellin retained its TLR5-stimulating activity, suggesting that the recombinant strain with Gag and FliC dual display might provide a different immunopotency than the strain expressing only Gag. The immunological properties of the recombinant strains were assessed by coculture with human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). The heterologous antigens on the cell surface affected maturation and cytokine responses of DCs. Acquired immune responses were also investigated by intragastric immunization of mice. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay showed induction of gamma interferon-producing cells at local mucosa after immunization of mice with the Gag-producing strain. Meanwhile, the immunization with L. acidophilus displaying both Gag and FliC resulted in an increase of Gag-specific IgA-secreting cells. These results suggested that the Gag-displaying L. acidophilus elicited specific immune responses and the coexistence of FliC conferred an adjuvant effect on local IgA production.
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19
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Surface display of N-terminally anchored invasin by Lactobacillus plantarum activates NF-κB in monocytes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5864-71. [PMID: 22706054 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01227-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum is a potential delivery vehicle for mucosal vaccines because of its generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status and ability to persist at the mucosal surfaces of the human intestine. However, the inherent immunogenicity of vaccine antigens is in many cases insufficient to elicit an efficient immune response, implying that additional adjuvants are needed to enhance the antigen immunogenicity. The goal of the present study was to increase the proinflammatory properties of L. plantarum by expressing a long (D1 to D5 [D1-D5]) and a short (D4-D5) version of the extracellular domain of invasin from the human pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. To display these proteins on the bacterial surface, four different N-terminal anchoring motifs from L. plantarum were used, comprising two different lipoprotein anchors, a transmembrane signal peptide anchor, and a LysM-type anchor. All these anchors mediated surface display of invasin, and several of the engineered strains were potent activators of NF-κB when interacting with monocytes in cell culture. The most distinct NF-κB responses were obtained with constructs in which the complete invasin extracellular domain was fused to a lipoanchor. The proinflammatory L. plantarum strains constructed here represent promising mucosal delivery vehicles for vaccine antigens.
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20
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Nakano M, Yamasaki E, Ichinose A, Shimohata T, Takahashi A, Akada JK, Nakamura K, Moss J, Hirayama T, Kurazono H. Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn) regulates membrane composition and integrity. Dis Model Mech 2012; 5:515-21. [PMID: 22301710 PMCID: PMC3380714 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.009324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn) as a virulence factor in disease is controversial. Studies of Stn have indicated both positive and negative effects on Salmonella virulence. In this study, we attempted to evaluate Stn function and its effects on Salmonella virulence. To investigate Stn function, we first performed in vitro and in vivo analysis using mammalian cells and a murine ileal loop model. In these systems, we did not observe differences in virulence phenotypes between wild-type Salmonella and an stn gene-deleted mutant. We next characterized the phenotypes and molecular properties of the mutant strain under various in vitro conditions. The proteomic profiles of the total cell membrane protein fraction differed between wild type and mutant in that there was an absence of a protein in the mutant strain, which was identified as OmpA. By far-western blotting, OmpA was found to interact directly with Stn. To verify this result, the morphology of Salmonella was examined by transmission electron microscopy, with OmpA localization being analyzed by immunogold labeling. Compared with wild-type Salmonella, the mutant strain had a different pole structure and a thin periplasmic space; OmpA was not seen in the mutant. These results indicate that Stn, via regulation of OmpA membrane localization, functions in the maintenance of membrane composition and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakano
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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21
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Wells J. Mucosal vaccination and therapy with genetically modified lactic acid bacteria. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 2:423-45. [PMID: 22129390 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022510-133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have proved to be effective mucosal delivery vehicles that overcome the problem of delivering functional proteins to the mucosal tissues. By the intranasal route, both live and killed LAB vaccine strains have been shown to elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses that afford protection against infectious challenges. To be effective via oral administration, frequent dosing over several weeks is required but new targeting and adjuvant strategies have clearly demonstrated the potential to increase the immunogenicity and protective immunity of LAB vaccines. Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis has been shown to induce antigen-specific oral tolerance (OT) to secreted recombinant antigens. LAB delivery is more efficient at inducing OT than the purified antigen, thus avoiding the need for purification of large quantities of antigen. This approach holds promise for new therapeutic interventions in allergies and antigen-induced autoimmune diseases. Several clinical and research reports demonstrate considerable progress in the application of genetically modified L. lactis for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). New medical targets are on the horizon, and the approval by several health authorities and biosafety committees of a containment system for a genetically modified L. lactis that secretes Il-10 should pave the way for new LAB delivery applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Wells
- Host-Microbe-Interactomics, University of Wageningen, Animal Sciences Department, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by recombinant Lactobacillus spp. expressing the hemagglutinin of the avian influenza virus H5N1. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 19:174-9. [PMID: 22131355 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05618-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To develop a safe, effective, and convenient vaccine for the prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), we have successfully constructed two recombinant lactobacillus strains (LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH) that express the foreign HPAI virus protein hemagglutinin 1 (HA(1)). The mucosal and systemic immune responses triggered by these two recombinant lactobacilli following oral administration to BALB/c mice were evaluated. The results showed that both LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH could significantly increase the specific anti-HA(1) IgA antibody level in the mucosa and the anti-HA(1) IgG level in serum, as well as stimulating the splenic lymphocyte proliferative reaction through increased expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Compared with LA4356-pH, DLD17-pH was more effective at inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses, with higher anti-HA(1)-specific IgA and IgG levels. Therefore, DLD17-pH could be a promising oral vaccine candidate against HPAI.
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23
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Kajikawa A, Igimi S. Development of recombinant vaccines in lactobacilli for elimination of salmonella. Biosci Microflora 2011; 30:93-8. [PMID: 25045314 PMCID: PMC4103640 DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.30.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains are
generally regarded as safe for consumption because they are utilized for food fermentation
or inhabit the intestinal mucosa as commensals. Recently, vaccine delivery systems using
lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been under development. Our research group has been
investigating the development of oral mucosal vaccines against Salmonella
enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) using Lactobacillus casei
IGM393 as an antigen delivery vehicle. Recombinant lactobacilli expressing SE antigens,
FliC, SipC, and OmpC, have been constructed and orally administered to mice. Antigen
specific immune responses and protective immunity were elicited after the immunization.
For adjuvant-delivery, IL-1β-secreting L. casei was also engineered and
its effects evaluated in vitro and in vivo. This article
reviews a novel approach to the elimination of Salmonella via the
development of a vaccine in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kajikawa
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 341 Schaub Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Masuda K, Kajikawa A, Igimi S. Establishment and Evaluation of an in vitro M Cell Model using C2BBe1 Cells and Raji Cells. Biosci Microflora 2011; 30:37-44. [PMID: 25045312 PMCID: PMC4103634 DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.30.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro M cell models, consisting of co-cultures of Caco-2 cells and
lymphoid cells, were developed and examined to observe bacterial transport. However, under
our experimental conditions, the differentiation of Caco-2 cells into M cell-like cells
could not be induced efficiently. To obtain a functionally stable M cell model based on
human cells, C2BBe1 cells were screened and co-cultured with human Raji cells. In our
co-cultures, increased sialyl Lewis A antigen expression and decreased Ulex
europeaus agglutinin 1 binding were observed. Regarding the functional
properties of the model, microsphere and lactic acid bacteria transport across the C2BBe1
co-cultures were increased compared with the levels seen in monocultures. The C2BBe1
monolayers that were co-cultured with Raji cells exhibited some M cell features;
therefore, we consider our M cell model to be useful for investigating the interactions of
bacteria with M cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Masuda
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan ; Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kajikawa
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC27695, USA
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan ; Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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