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Gaignage M, Uyttenhove C, Jones LL, Bourdeaux C, Chéou P, Mandour MF, Coutelier JP, Vignali DAA, Van Snick J. Novel antibodies that selectively block mouse IL-12 enable the re-evaluation of the role of IL-12 in immune protection and pathology. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1482-1493. [PMID: 33788263 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dimeric cytokine IL-12 is important in the control of various infections but also contributes to the pathology of certain diseases making it a potential target for therapy. However, its specific inhibition with antibodies is complicated by the fact that its two subunits are present in other cytokines: p40 in IL-23 and p35 in IL-35. This has led to erroneous conclusions like the alleged implication of IL-12 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we report the development of a mouse anti-mouse IL-12 vaccine and the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that do not react with p40 or p35 (in IL-35) but specifically recognize and functionally inhibit the IL-12 heterodimer. Using one of these mAbs, MM12A1.6, that strongly inhibited IFN-γ production and LPS-induced septic shock after viral infection, we demonstrate the critical role played by IL-12 in the rejection of male skin graft by female C57BL/6 syngeneic recipients and in the clearance of an immunogenic mastocytoma tumor variant by DBA/2 mice, but not in a parent to F1 immune aggression model nor in MOG-induced EAE, which was clearly prevented by anti-p40 mAb C17.8. Given this selective inhibition of IL-12, these mAbs provide new options for reassessing IL-12 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Uyttenhove
- de Duve Institute, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lindsay L Jones
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Paméla Chéou
- de Duve Institute, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed F Mandour
- de Duve Institute, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacques Van Snick
- de Duve Institute, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Comparative Study of the Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress between Two Types of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo 172. mSphere 2021; 6:6/2/e00111-21. [PMID: 33692195 PMCID: PMC8546687 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00111-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis revealed that the vaccine seed lot of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Tokyo 172 contains two subclones (types I and II), but their phenotypic differences have not been elucidated. In this study, we compared the susceptibility of bacilli types I and II to oxidative stress in vitro and within host cells. Notably, the subclones displayed similar superoxide dismutase activity; however, foam height in the catalase test and lysate catalase/peroxidase activity were higher for type I bacilli than for type II bacilli. Additionally, type I bacilli were less susceptible to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than type II bacilli. After exposure to H2O2, antioxidative stress response genes katG, ahpC, sodA, and trxA were more strongly induced in type I bacilli than in type II bacilli. Further, we investigated cell survival in macrophages. Fewer type II bacilli were recovered than type I bacilli. However, in the presence of apocynin, a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, type II recovery was greater than that of type I. The production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-12 p40, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was higher in type I bacillus-infected macrophages than in type II bacillus-infected macrophages. The proportions of type I and type II bacilli in vaccine lots over 3 years (100 lots) were 97.6% ± 1.5% and 2.4% ± 1.5%, respectively. The study results illustrated that type I bacilli are more resistant to oxidative stress than type II bacilli. Overall, these findings provide important information in terms of the quality control and safety of BCG Tokyo 172 vaccine. IMPORTANCE This study revealed the difference of in vivo and in vitro antioxidative stress properties of BCG Tokyo 172 types I and II as one of the bacteriological characteristics. In particular, the bacilli exhibited differences in catalase/peroxidase activity, which could explain their different protective effects against infection. The differences correlated with survival in the host cell and the production of proinflammatory cytokines to protect against infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The proportion of bacilli types I and II in all commercial lots of BCG Tokyo 172 over 3 years (100 lots) was constant. The findings also highlighted the importance of analyzing their content for quality control during vaccine production.
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3
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Duan Y, Yang H, Gao J, Wei D, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ge K, Wu X, Chang J. Immune Modulator and Low-Temperature PTT-Induced Synergistic Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1524-1535. [PMID: 35014502 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown great potential in cancer therapeutics but has limitations of the insufficient activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and immune-suppressive microenvironment. To overcome these obstacles, a cascade synergistic immunotherapy nanosystem (denoted as CpG@PDA-FA) was designed to elevate anticancer immune response. The combination nanosystem including a photothermal agent polydopamine (PDA) and immunomodulator CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs). On the one hand, polydopamine (PDA) acts as a photothermal agent to induce low-temperature PTT. It leads to immunogenic cell death (ICD), a programmed cell death pathway, which can activate DCs and enhance the antitumor immune response of T cells. On the other hand, CpG ODNs further promote maturation and migration of DCs as well as ameliorates the immunosuppression microenvironment of the tumor (TME). This paper focuses on a cancer synergistic treatment of ICD-induced immunotherapy by low-temperature PTT and ameliorates TME by immunomodulator CpG ODNs. We proved that CpG@PDA-FA NPs realized a remarkable synergistic treatment effect compared with respective single PTT or CpG therapy in the maturation of DCs and activation of T cells. In addition, CpG@PDA-FA NPs also reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells to relieve immunosuppression. Hence, CpG@PDA-FA NPs provide a bidirectional immunotherapy strategy for tumor inhibition and highlight the cascade effects of low-temperature PTT and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junxiao Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Daohe Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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BCG constitutively expressing the adenylyl cyclase encoded by Rv2212 increases its immunogenicity and reduces replication of M. tuberculosis in lungs of BALB/c mice. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:19-25. [PMID: 30514503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains as a threat to public health around the world with 1.7 million cases of TB-associated deaths during 2016. Despite the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, control of the infection has not been successful. Because of this, several efforts have been made in order to develop new vaccines capable of boosting previous immunization or attempted for replacing current BCG. We previously showed that over expression of the M. tuberculosis adenylyl cyclase encoding gene Rv2212 in BCG bacilli (BCG-Rv2212), induced an attenuated phenotype when administered in BALB/c mice. Moreover, two-dimensional proteomic analysis showed that heat shock proteins such as GroEL2 and DnaK were overexpressed in this BCG-Rv2212. In this report, we show that immunization of mice with BCG-Rv2212 significantly increments IFN-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes after PPD stimulation in comparison with BCG vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated with BCG-Rv2212 significantly reduced the bacterial load in lungs after four-month post infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv but was similar to BCG after 6 month-post-challenge. Survival experiment showed that both vaccines administered separately in mice induce similar levels of protection after 20-week post-challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Virulence experiments developed in nude mice, showed that BCG-Rv2212 and BCG bacilli were equally safe. Our results suggest that BCG-Rv2212 is capable of stimulating cellular immune response effectively and reduce bacterial burden in lungs of mice after challenge. Particularly, it seems to be more effective in controlling bacterial burden during the first steps of infection.
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Cicchese JM, Evans S, Hult C, Joslyn LR, Wessler T, Millar JA, Marino S, Cilfone NA, Mattila JT, Linderman JJ, Kirschner DE. Dynamic balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals controls disease and limits pathology. Immunol Rev 2018; 285:147-167. [PMID: 30129209 PMCID: PMC6292442 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to pathogens are complex and not well understood in many diseases, and this is especially true for infections by persistent pathogens. One mechanism that allows for long-term control of infection while also preventing an over-zealous inflammatory response from causing extensive tissue damage is for the immune system to balance pro- and anti-inflammatory cells and signals. This balance is dynamic and the immune system responds to cues from both host and pathogen, maintaining a steady state across multiple scales through continuous feedback. Identifying the signals, cells, cytokines, and other immune response factors that mediate this balance over time has been difficult using traditional research strategies. Computational modeling studies based on data from traditional systems can identify how this balance contributes to immunity. Here we provide evidence from both experimental and mathematical/computational studies to support the concept of a dynamic balance operating during persistent and other infection scenarios. We focus mainly on tuberculosis, currently the leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the world, and also provide evidence for other infections. A better understanding of the dynamically balanced immune response can help shape treatment strategies that utilize both drugs and host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Cicchese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caitlin Hult
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Louis R. Joslyn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy Wessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jess A. Millar
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simeone Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Cilfone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Denise E. Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Corral-Fernández N, Cortez-Espinosa N, Salgado-Bustamante M, Romano-Moreno S, Medellín-Garibay S, Solis-Rodríguez M, Hernández-Castro B, Macías-Mendoza J, González-Amaro R, Portales-Pérez D. Induction of transcription factors, miRNAs and cytokines involved in T lymphocyte differentiation in BCG-vaccinated subjects. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Hu S, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Jin D, Zhang X, Gu S, Jia H, Chen X, Zhang Z, Jin Q, Ke Y, Liu H. Growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated binder 2, a scaffolding adaptor protein, negatively regulates host immunity against tuberculosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:575-85. [PMID: 24805943 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is indispensable for host protection against tuberculosis (TB). Growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated binder (Gab) 2, a scaffolding adaptor protein, negatively regulates signaling pathways critical for T cell-mediated immunity. We sought to investigate the clinical significance and immunological role of Gab2 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We evaluated Gab2 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human patients with pulmonary TB and determined the correlation of the mRNA expression pattern with antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion. Subsequently, we carried out M. tuberculosis infection in Gab2-deficient and wild-type control mice to explore the immunological role of Gab2 by examining bacterial load, histological changes, cytokine secretion, and gene expression of immune-associated transcription factors. mRNA levels of Gab2 and its correlated family member, Gab1, were markedly decreased in untreated patients with pulmonary TB compared with healthy control subjects. Importantly, this decreased Gab2 expression to normal levels after bacterial load in the patient's sputum became undetectable under the standard anti-TB treatment, which negatively correlated with the level of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion. In the M. tuberculosis infection mouse model, infected Gab2-deficient mice exhibited decreased bacterial load and milder lung pathological damage compared with infected wild-type mice, accompanied by decreased production of IL-2, IL-6, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor proinflammatory cytokines, and an increased T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor/GATA binding protein 3 expression ratio. Overall, our study indicates that down-regulation of Gab2 relates to a protective function during M. tuberculosis infection, revealing a potential negative regulatory role for Gab2 in immunity to TB.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Bacterial Load
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Phosphoproteins/deficiency
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Hu
- 1 Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Qu SY, Ou-Yang HF, He YL, Li ZK, Shi JR, Song LQ, Wu CG. Der p2 recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin priming of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells suppresses Der p2-induced T helper17 function in a mouse model of asthma. Respirology 2014; 19:122-31. [PMID: 24372635 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that our recombinant bacille Calmette-Guerin (rBCG), which expresses Der p2 in house dust mite (Der p2 rBCG) suppresses asthmatic airway inflammation by regulating the phenotype and function of dendritic cells (DC) and reprogramming T helper (Th) 0 cell differentiation into different T cell (Th1/Th2/Treg) subtypes. However, the exact role of Der p2 rBCG in reprogramming Th17 differentiation and the relevant mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to examine whether Der p2 rBCG-mediated inhibition of allergic airway inflammation is mediated by regulating Th17 differentiation in a murine asthma model. METHODS Primary mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) were infected with Der p2 rBCG and adoptively transferred to Der p2-intranasally sensitized mice. The role of Der p2 rBCG-BMDC on the regulation of airway inflammation and Th17 cell differentiation was assessed. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of Der p2 rBCG-BMDC suppressed airway inflammation and mucin secretion. Der p2 rBCG-BMDC inhibited excessive Th17 immune responses but not BCG-BMDC. Furthermore, Der p2 rBCG decreased jagged-2 and increased delta-like-4 expressions on BMDC to a greater extent than BCG. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DC plays a key role in Der p2 rBCG-induced immunoregulation. Der p2 rBCG also displayed a potent inhibitory effect on Th17 differentiation, and these findings increase our understanding of the cellular basis of Der p2 BCG-mediated inhibition of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Yao Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Freches D, Korf H, Denis O, Havaux X, Huygen K, Romano M. Mice genetically inactivated in interleukin-17A receptor are defective in long-term control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunology 2013; 140:220-31. [PMID: 23721367 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a pro-inflammatory cytokine acting on neutrophil recruitment, is known to play an important role during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the role of IL-17A receptor signalling in immune defence against this intracellular pathogen remains poorly documented. Here we have analysed this signalling using C57BL/6 mice genetically inactivated in the IL-17 receptor A subunit (IL-17RA(-/-) ). Although early after infection bacterial growth was controlled to the same extent as in wild-type mice, IL-17RA(-/-) mice were defective in exerting long-term control of M. tuberculosis infection, as demonstrated by a progressively increasing pulmonary bacterial burden and shortened survival time. Compared with infected wild-type mice, IL-17RA(-/-) mice showed impaired recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs at the early but not the late stage of infection. Pulmonary tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and particularly IL-10 levels were decreased in the absence of IL-17RA signalling, whereas IL-1β was increased. CD4(+) -mediated and γδ-mediated IL-17A production was dramatically increased in IL-17RA(-/-) mice (confirming part of their phenotype), whereas production of interferon-γ and expression of the bactericidal enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase were not affected. Collectively, our data suggest that early but not late neutrophil recruitment is essential for IL-17A-mediated long-term control of M. tuberculosis infection and that a functional interferon-γ response is not sufficient to control M. tuberculosis growth when the IL-17RA pathway is deficient. As treatment of auto-immune diseases with anti-IL-17A antibodies is actually being tested in clinical studies, our data suggest that caution should be taken with respect to possible reactivation of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Freches
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health WIV-ISP (Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Parlane NA, Rehm BHA, Wedlock DN, Buddle BM. Novel particulate vaccines utilizing polyester nanoparticles (bio-beads) for protection against Mycobacterium bovis infection - a review. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 158:8-13. [PMID: 23707076 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in cattle and development of a safe effective vaccine to control TB in cattle would be very useful. This paper reviews progress and provides new data in development of a TB bio-bead vaccine based on polyester nanoparticle inclusions which were produced by bioengineered bacteria. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolyester nanoparticles (bio-beads) have been produced which displayed mycobacterial antigens, Ag85A and ESAT-6, on the surface of the bio-beads for use as vaccines for the control of tuberculosis. Bio-beads were purified from the host production bacteria, Escherichia coli and the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacterium, Lactococcus lactis. Previous published studies showed that vaccination with Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads induced antigen-specific IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-2 in splenocytes, but no significant increase in IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10. New results showed that antigen-specific IFN-γ release was induced by both CD4 and CD8 T cells in mice vaccinated with the Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads. Mice vaccinated with Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads alone or in combination with BCG had significantly lower bacterial counts from the lungs and spleen following aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium bovis compared to control groups. This unique approach to the design and production of bacterial-derived bio-beads displaying antigens enables a cost-effective way to express a diverse antigen repertoire for use as vaccines to combat TB or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Parlane
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D Neil Wedlock
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bryce M Buddle
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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11
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Multifunctional CD4 cells expressing gamma interferon and perforin mediate protection against lethal influenza virus infection. J Virol 2012; 86:6792-803. [PMID: 22491469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.07172-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 effectors generated in vitro can promote survival against a highly pathogenic influenza virus via an antibody-independent mechanism involving class II-restricted, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. However, it is not known whether CD4 cells activated during influenza virus infection can acquire cytolytic activity that contributes to protection against lethal challenge. CD4 cells isolated from the lungs of infected mice were able to confer protection against a lethal dose of H1N1 influenza virus A/Puerto Rico 8/34 (PR8). Infection of BALB/c mice with PR8 induced a multifunctional CD4 population with proliferative capacity and ability to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the draining lymph node (DLN) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-10 in the lung. IFN-γ-deficient CD4 cells produced larger amounts of IL-17 and similar levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-2 compared to wild-type (WT) CD4 cells. Both WT and IFN-γ(-/-) CD4 cells exhibit influenza virus-specific cytotoxicity; however, IFN-γ-deficient CD4 cells did not promote recovery after lethal infection as effectively as WT CD4 cells. PR8 infection induced a population of cytolytic CD4 effectors that resided in the lung but not the DLN. These cells expressed granzyme B (GrB) and required perforin to lyse peptide-pulsed targets. Lethally infected mice given influenza virus-specific CD4 cells deficient in perforin showed greater weight loss and a slower time to recovery than mice given WT influenza virus-specific CD4 cells. Taken together, these data strengthen the concept that CD4 T cell effectors are broadly multifunctional with direct roles in promoting protection against lethal influenza virus infection.
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12
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Uyttenhove C, Van Snick J. Anti-cytokine auto-vaccinations as tools for the analysis of cytokine function in vivo. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:1-6. [PMID: 22236653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Braking B cell tolerance to generate antibodies against autologous cytokines or chemokines offers an alternative to gene inactivation for functional analysis of these factors in vivo. It is clearly less potent than the genetic approach but offers the advantage of extreme flexibility. The basic principle is to enable a self-reactive B cell to attract T cell help by presenting foreign peptides, a process we called "deceptive" antigen presentation. We here review the different auto-vaccine procedures that are currently used and provide several examples of functional information acquired by this procedure or by mAbs derived from auto-vaccinated mice.
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13
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He X, Huang X, Xiao L, Hao J, Li J, Chen H, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Zhu C, Jiang L. IFN-<i>γ</i>-, IL-4-, IL-17-, PD-1-Expressing T Cells and B Cells in Peripheral Blood from Tuberculosis Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2012.24054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Parlane NA, Compton BJ, Hayman CM, Painter GF, Basaraba RJ, Heiser A, Buddle BM. Phosphatidylinositol di-mannoside and derivates modulate the immune response to and efficacy of a tuberculosis protein vaccine against Mycobacterium bovis infection. Vaccine 2011; 30:580-8. [PMID: 22120192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis infects a wide range of hosts, including domestic livestock, wildlife, and humans. Development of an effective vaccine protecting against bovine tuberculosis would provide a cost-effective tuberculosis control strategy. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of phosphatidylinositol di-mannoside (PIM(2)) and its derivatives to modulate cell-mediated immunity in vivo in a bovine tuberculosis mouse model in response to a relevant antigen, namely a fusion protein of mycobacterial proteins Ag85A and ESAT-6. The addition of synthetic PIM(2) to the vaccine resulted in a significant reduction in lung bacterial counts and a cytokine profile indicating a Th 1 type immune response. The addition of the other PIM(2) derivatives to the vaccine or the fusion protein alone did not result in reduced lung bacterial counts; moreover, the addition of PIM(2)ME appeared to negate the induction of an antigen-specific interferon-γ response and protection against tuberculosis. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence that PIMs can function as potent adjuvants for protein or sub-unit vaccines, but subtle structural differences among PIMs can markedly alter the type of immune response induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Parlane
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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15
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Vaccines displaying mycobacterial proteins on biopolyester beads stimulate cellular immunity and induce protection against tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 19:37-44. [PMID: 22072720 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05505-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New improved vaccines are needed for control of both bovine and human tuberculosis. Tuberculosis protein vaccines have advantages with regard to safety and ease of manufacture, but efficacy against tuberculosis has been difficult to achieve. Protective cellular immune responses can be preferentially induced when antigens are displayed on small particles. In this study, Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis were engineered to produce spherical polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) inclusions which displayed a fusion protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antigen 85A (Ag85A)-early secreted antigenic target 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6). L. lactis was chosen as a possible production host due its extensive use in the food industry and reduced risk of lipopolysaccharide contamination. Mice were vaccinated with PHB bead vaccines with or without displaying Ag85A-ESAT-6, recombinant Ag85A-ESAT-6, or M. bovis BCG. Separate groups of mice were used to measure immune responses and assess protection against an aerosol M. bovis challenge. Increased amounts of antigen-specific gamma interferon, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were produced from splenocytes postvaccination, but no or minimal IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 was produced, indicating Th1- and Th17-biased T cell responses. Decreased lung bacterial counts and less extensive foci of inflammation were observed in lungs of mice receiving BCG or PHB bead vaccines displaying Ag85A-ESAT-6 produced in either E. coli or L. lactis compared to those observed in the lungs of phosphate-buffered saline-treated control mice. No differences between those receiving wild-type PHB beads and those receiving recombinant Ag85A-ESAT-6 were observed. This versatile particulate vaccine delivery system incorporates a relatively simple production process using safe bacteria, and the results show that it is an effective delivery system for a tuberculosis protein vaccine.
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16
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Th1/Th17 cell induction and corresponding reduction in ATP consumption following vaccination with the novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine MVA85A. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23463. [PMID: 21887254 PMCID: PMC3162567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has traditionally been used for protection against disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The efficacy of BCG, especially against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is variable. The best protection is conferred in temperate climates and there is close to zero protection in many tropical areas with a high prevalence of both tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacterial species. Although interferon (IFN)-γ is known to be important in protection against TB disease, data is emerging on a possible role for interleukin (IL)-17 as a key cytokine in both murine and bovine TB vaccine studies, as well as in humans. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Antigen 85A (MVA85A) is a novel TB vaccine designed to enhance responses induced by BCG. Antigen-specific IFN-γ production has already been shown to peak one week post-MVA85A vaccination, and an inverse relationship between IL-17-producing cells and regulatory T cells expressing the ectonucleosidease CD39, which metabolises pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP has previously been described. This paper explores this relationship and finds that consumption of extracellular ATP by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MVA85A-vaccinated subjects drops two weeks post-vaccination, corresponding to a drop in the percentage of a regulatory T cell subset expressing the ectonucleosidase CD39. Also at this time point, we report a peak in co-production of IL-17 and IFN-γ by CD4+ T cells. These results suggest a relationship between extracellular ATP and effector responses and unveil a possible pathway that could be targeted during vaccine design.
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