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Pimenta de Paiva L, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Trindade BC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Silva Araújo MS, Gonçalves JJ, Nogueira-Souza AC, Pereira Martins J, Lopes Ribeiro Á, Starling AL, Alcântara LCJ, Ribeiro MA, Carneiro-Proietti ABDF, Sabino EC, Alves Bicalho K, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. A New Flow Cytometry-Based Single Platform for Universal and Differential Serodiagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795815. [PMID: 35493505 PMCID: PMC9047958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we developed and evaluated the performance of a new flow cytometry-based single platform, referred to as “FC-Duplex IgG1 (HTLV-1/2)”, for universal and differential serodiagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection. The proposed technology employs a system for detection of IgG1 antibodies in a single competitive immunofluorescence platform by flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled MT-2/MoT cell line mix coupled to a highly sensitive development system (Biotin/Streptavidin/Phycoerythrin). The stability of fluorescent labeling and the antigenicity of MT-2 and MoT cell lines were confirmed upon storage at −20°C for 2, 6, and 12 months. The anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG1 reactivity, expressed as percentage of positive fluorescent cells (PPFC), was evaluated for each target antigen along the titration curve of test serum samples (1:32 to 1:4,096). Upon selection of target cell line and serum dilutions with higher segregation score between groups, the performance of “FIX” and “FIX & PERM” protocols was evaluated. The “FIX” protocol presented excellent performance indices (Se = 92%/Sp = 94%/AUC = 0.96; Se = 96%/Sp = 100%/AUC = 0.99) for the universal (HTLV-1/2 vs. NI) and differential (HTLV-1 vs. HTLV-2) diagnosis of HTLV-1 infection, respectively. Optimization of the “FIX” protocol using the principle of synchronous and asynchronous pairwise analysis further improved the performance of “FC-Duplex IgG1 (HTLV-1/2)”, using the “FIX” protocol for differential diagnosis of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections (Se = 100%/Sp = 100%/AUC = 1.00). In conclusion, the “FC-Duplex IgG1 (HTLV-1/2)” method represents an innovation in the biotechnology segment with the potential to compose a serological kit for differential diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 infection for reference laboratories and blood centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Júlia Pereira Martins
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Starling
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Aparecida Ribeiro
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado de Minas Gerais- Hemominas (HEMOMINAS), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelly Alves Bicalho
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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2
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Galvani NC, Machado AS, Lage DP, Freitas CS, Vale DL, de Oliveira D, Ludolf F, Ramos FF, Fernandes BB, Luiz GP, Mendonça DVC, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Reis TAR, Tavares GSV, Chaves AT, Guimarães NS, Tupinambás U, Cota GF, Humbert MV, Martins VT, Christodoulides M, Coelho EAF, Machado-de-Ávila RA. ChimLeish, a new recombinant chimeric protein evaluated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:4037-4047. [PMID: 34664113 PMCID: PMC8523347 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease of global importance caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, and coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is common in countries where both diseases are endemic. In particular, widely used immunological tests for VL diagnosis have impaired sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in VL/HIV coinfected patients and there is also cross-reactivity with other endemic diseases, e.g., Chagas disease, malaria, and tuberculosis. To develop new antigens to improve the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection, we predicted eight specific B-cell epitopes of four Leishmania infantum antigens and constructed a recombinant polypeptide chimera antigen called ChimLeish. A serological panel of 195 serum samples was used to compare the diagnostic capabilities of ChimLeish alongside the individual synthetic peptides. ChimLeish reacted with sera from all VL and VL/HIV coinfected patients [Se = 100%; Sp = 100%; area under the curve (AUC) = 1.0]. Peptides showed lower reactivities (Se = 76.8 to 99.2%; Sp = 67.1 to 95.7%; AUC between 0.87 and 0.98) as did a L. infantum antigenic preparation used as an antigen control (Se = 56.8%; Sp = 69.5%: AUC = 0.45). Notably, ChimLeish demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of anti-ChimLeish antibodies after treatment and cure of a small number of patients. Although only a limited serological panel was tested, preliminary data suggest that ChimLeish should be evaluated in larger sample studies for the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia C Galvani
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Camila S Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Danniele L Vale
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Daysiane de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Ramos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Luiz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Débora V C Mendonça
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Thiago A R Reis
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Ana T Chaves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Nathalia S Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Gláucia F Cota
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria V Humbert
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England, UK
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England, UK
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil.
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
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da Silva ED, de Oliveira BC, Pereira AMDS, Guedes DL, de Melo Neto OP, Costa CHN, de Medeiros ZM, Pereira VRA. A Flow Cytometry-Based Serological Assay to Detect Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:553280. [PMID: 33996838 PMCID: PMC8119745 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.553280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe parasitic disease that has emerged as an important opportunistic condition in HIV-infected patients and whose control is impaired by inaccurate identification. This is mainly due to the serological tests used for VL having a reduced performance in cases of VL-HIV coinfection due to a low humoral response. In this situation, however, a positive test has even greater diagnostic value when combined with the clinical status. This study aimed to evaluate the application and performance of flow cytometry to detect anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in HIV-infected patients. Sera from VL/HIV coinfected patients, characterized using "gold standard" techniques, were compared with sera from healthy controls plus sera from HIV-infected individuals. The flow cytometry results were expressed as levels of IgG reactivity, based on the percentage of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP). A ROC curve analysis of a serum titration indicated a PPFP of 1.26% as being the cutoff point to segregate positive and negative results. At the 1:2,048 dilution, with 89% sensitivity and 83% specificity, flow cytometry showed greater sensitivity in relation to the serological tests evaluated. Futhermore, flow cytometry was the only assay that positively identified all VL-HIV patients with quantified HIV load. Together, these findings suggest that flow cytometry may be used as an alternative serological approach for VL identification and as a tool to characterize the humoral response against Leishmania infantum in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis D da Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego L Guedes
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos H N Costa
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Natan Portella Institute of Tropical Medicine, Teresina, Brazil
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Salvo P, Vivaldi FM, Bonini A, Biagini D, Bellagambi FG, Miliani FM, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Biosensors for Detecting Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulins. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E155. [PMID: 33121071 PMCID: PMC7694141 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is the most used technique for natural killer cells. For point-of-care, fast and low-cost devices, biosensors could be suitable for the reliable, stable and reproducible detection of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. In the literature, such biosensors are commonly fabricated using antibodies, aptamers, proteins and nanomaterials, whereas electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric techniques are used for detection. This review describes how these measurement techniques and transducers can be used to fabricate biosensors for detecting lymphocytes and the total content of immunoglobulins. The various methods and configurations are reported, along with the advantages and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federico M. Vivaldi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Francesca G. Bellagambi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon 1, 5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Filippo M. Miliani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
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Kumar A, Pandey SC, Samant M. A spotlight on the diagnostic methods of a fatal disease Visceral Leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12727. [PMID: 32378226 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani (a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis) poses a serious health threat to the human population which is fatal if left untreated. The life cycle of Leishmania alternates between vertebrate host and Phlebotomine fly as intermediate ones. Due to the difficulties linked to vector (sandfly) control and the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of leishmaniasis relies mostly on chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prevalence of parasites becoming resistant to the first-line drug pentavalent antimonial (SbV )/sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) and some other anti-leishmanial drug is increasing in several parts of the world. With the alarming rise of drug resistance and other issues related to VL, there is an urgent need to focus on early detection and quick diagnosis of VL case. Therefore, we have reviewed most of the methods used in the diagnostic process of VL. Along with existing diagnostic methods, developing more effective and sensitive diagnostic methods and biomarkers is also vital for enhancing VL identification and control programs. This review gathers the comprehensive information on diagnostics methods of VL under a single umbrella that could be the prominent tools for the development of rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic kits for VL which can be used in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Satish Chandra Pandey
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Almora, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Almora, India
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do Vale INPC, Saliba JW, Fonseca GSF, Peruhype-Magalhães V, de Araújo FF, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Campos FMF, Andrade MC, Lula JF, Reis AB, Lemos EM, de Carvalho SFG, Oliveira E, Martins-Filho OA. Laboratorial algorithm for serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using rK39-ICT, DAT-LPC and FC-Simplex IgG1. J Immunol Methods 2020; 480:112765. [PMID: 32119888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of distinct serological tests (rK39-ICT, IFAT, DAT-LPC, FC-Simplex IgG1) was assessed and a laboratorial algorithm was proposed for accurate diagnosis of VL. DAT-LPC and FC-Simplex IgG1 showed outstanding accuracy (AUC = 0.93) to identify VL patients. The use of a sequential serological algorithm (rK39-ICT screening followed by DAT-LPC or FC-Simplex IgG1) improved the global accuracy for VL (97.2%) diagnosis. An alternative approach for diagnosis of VL has been also assessed for interchangeable use of serum/whole blood lysate samples in DAT-LPC and FC-Simplex IgG1. Our data showed an outstanding agreement for the results obtained with whole blood lysate samples as compared to serum samples (DAT-LPC =100%; FC-Simplex IgG1 = 99%). Together, these findings provide insights to improve the current overall accuracy of VL diagnosis and present innovative laboratorial tests and alternative samples from use in public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Wilke Saliba
- Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward Oliveira
- Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Mendes APO, Oliveira BC, Pereira AMS, Castro MCAB, Souza MA, Brito MEF, Araújo FF, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Pereira VRA. American tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis using L. (V.) braziliensis fixed promastigotes: a comparative performance of serological tests and spontaneous cure identification. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1015. [PMID: 31783798 PMCID: PMC6884772 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to demonstrate the applicability of a flow cytometry-based serology approach to identify spontaneous cure by the detection of immunoglobulin G, and also, the diagnosis and cure criterion by the IgG1 isotype in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis - ATL caused by L. (V.) braziliensis. Also, a comparison between flow cytometry with the serological conventional technique was performed. METHODS Forty five individuals were included in study. They were assessed in two moments: First, 8 subjects spontaneously cured of ATL, 8 healthy individuals and 15 patients who had a positive diagnosis for ATL were selected before treatment to identify spontaneous cure by immunoglobulin G detection. Secondly, 14 patients who were positive for ATL were selected and had their blood collected before and 1, 2 and 5 years after treatment, respectively, for the diagnostic tests (ELISA and flow cytometry) and cure criterion evaluation using the IgG1 isotype. RESULTS The analysis of the mean percentage of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP) along with the titration curves of IgG anti-fixed promastigotes of L.(V.)braziliensis, confirmed the applicability of this method for monitoring spontaneous cure in ATL with outstanding co-positivity (100%) and co-negativity (100%) performance indexes. Regarding the results of the comparison between flow cytometry and ELISA it was seen that there was a better accuracy of the first one in relation to the other. When IgG1 applicability was evaluated, it was observed that before treatment, 36.8% of the patients were negative; in patients 1 year post-treatment, 82.3%; 2 years post-treatment, 27.2% and in patients 5 years post-treatment, 87.5%. The overall analysis of the results suggests that flow cytometry can be applied to ATL detection, and that the use of IgG1 isotype has possibilities to contribute as a more specific diagnostic method. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this area has great perspectives use for the diagnosis and cure criterion, and also it can be scaled up with the possibility to characterize the different clinical stages of the disease. Together, these findings demonstrate the applicability of a flow cytometry-based serology approach and opens up new avenues of research with this technique, such as the understanding the humoral response in ATL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Pereira Oliveira Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-420 Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coutinho Oliveira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-420 Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Allana Maria S. Pereira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-420 Brazil
| | | | - Marina Assis Souza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-420 Brazil
| | - Maria Edileuza Felinto Brito
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-420 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valeria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670-420 Brazil
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8
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Silva ED, Oliveira BC, Oliveira AP, Santos WJT, Diniz GT, de Melo Neto OP, Costa CHN, Silva MRB, Andrade LD, Medeiros ZM, Pereira VRA. Performance evaluation of anti-fixed Leishmania infantum promastigotes immunoglobulin G (IgG) detected by flow cytometry as a diagnostic tool for visceral Leishmaniasis. J Immunol Methods 2019; 469:18-25. [PMID: 30817916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease, caused by the protozoans Leishmania infantum and L. donovani that is widely diagnosed using serological tools. These, however, have limitations in performance that limit their use for the correct identification of the cases. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of flow cytometry with fixed parasites for VL diagnosis, comparing it with four other serological tests. Samples from two endemic VL regions in Brazil, diagnosed by direct examination (DG1) and by at least two or one standard serological test (DG2 and DG3, respectively), as well as patients with chronic Chagas' disease (CG1) and healthy controls (CG2) were used in this study. The flow cytometry results were expressed as levels of IgG reactivity, based on the percentage of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP). Using a 1:4096 serum dilution, a ROC curve analysis of the serum titration on flow cytometry has indicated a PPFP of 2% as the cutoff point to segregate positive and negative results. In the present study, flow cytometry had the best performance for DG1 (sensitivity of 96%) while rK39 (imunocromagraphic rapid test) and DAT (Direct agglutination test) were also associated with high sensitivity and specificity. The substantial agreement and kappa indexes observed suggested similar performances between these two tests and flow cytometry. IFAT (Immunofluorescent antibody test) and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) had lower performances and the lower values of agreement with flow cytometry. Together, these findings suggest that although adjustments are needed in order to reduce cross reactivity with other trypanosomatids, flow cytometry has the potential to be a safe serological alternative for the diagnosis of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis D Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz C Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andresa P Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wagner J T Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - George T Diniz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo P de Melo Neto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos H N Costa
- Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella (IDTNP), Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz D Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Zulma M Medeiros
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valéria R A Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-Pernambuco), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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9
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Pessoa-E-Silva R, Mendonça Trajano-Silva LA, Lopes da Silva MA, da Cunha Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque S, de Goes TC, Silva de Morais RC, Lopes de Melo F, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. Evaluation of urine for Leishmania infantum DNA detection by real-time quantitative PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:34-41. [PMID: 27713020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The availability of some sorts of biological samples which require noninvasive collection methods has led to an even greater interest in applying molecular biology on visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis, since these samples increase the safety and comfort of both patients and health professionals. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the suitability of the urine as a specimen for Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA detection by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Subsequent to the reproducibility analysis, the detection limit of the qPCR assay was set at 5fg (~0.025 parasites) per μL of urine. From the comparative analysis performed with a set of diagnostic criteria (serological and molecular reference tests), concordance value of 96.08% was obtained (VL-suspected and HIV/AIDS patients, n=51) (P>0.05). Kappa coefficient (95% CI) indicated a good agreement between the test and the set of diagnostic criteria (k=0.778±0.151). The detection of Leishmania DNA in urine by qPCR was possible in untreated individuals, and in those with or without suggestive renal impairment. Fast depletion of the parasite's DNA in urine after treatment (from one dose of meglumine antimoniate) was suggested by negative qPCR results, thus indicating it as a potential alternative specimen to follow up the efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Even when evaluated in a clinically heterogeneous set of patients, the urine showed good prospect as sample for VL diagnosis by qPCR, also indicating a good negative predictive value for untreated suspected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pessoa-E-Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Av. Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Public Health's Central Laboratory Dr. Milton Bezerra Sobral (LACEN-PE), Praça Oswaldo Cruz, S/N, Soledade, CEP 50050-215 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Suênia da Cunha Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Av. Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Public Health's Central Laboratory Dr. Milton Bezerra Sobral (LACEN-PE), Praça Oswaldo Cruz, S/N, Soledade, CEP 50050-215 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Tayná Correia de Goes
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Av. Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Fábio Lopes de Melo
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Av. Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Av. Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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10
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Martins VT, Duarte MC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Menezes-Souza D, Coelho CSP, de Magalhães-Soares DF, Fernandes AP, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Coelho EAF. A Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein expressed in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum employed for the serodiagnosis of, and as a vaccine candidate against, visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:363. [PMID: 26160291 PMCID: PMC4501199 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LiHyV is an antigenic hypothetical protein present in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum, which was recently identified by an immunoproteomic approach. A recombinant version of this protein (rLiHyV) was evaluated as a diagnostic marker for canine VL (CVL). In addition, the prophylactic efficacy of the rLiHyV protein, and two of its CD8(+) T cell epitopes, has been analyzed in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS Initially, the rLiHyV protein was evaluated by an ELISA technique for the serodiagnosis of CVL. Secondly, vaccines composed of the recombinant protein and both chemically synthesized peptides, combined with saponin as an adjuvant; were administered subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The cellular and humoral responses generated by vaccination were evaluated. In addition, the parasite burden and immune response were studied 10 weeks after L. infantum infection. RESULTS The rLiHyV protein was recognized by antibodies of VL dogs. No cross-reactivity was obtained with sera from dogs vaccinated with a Brazilian commercial vaccine, with sera from animals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis, or those from non-infected animals living in an endemic area for leishmaniasis. After challenge with L. infantum, spleen cells of BALB/c mice vaccinated with rLiHyV/saponin stimulated with parasite antigens showed a higher production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF, than the same cells obtained from mice vaccinated with the individual peptides, or mice from control (inoculated with saline or saponin) groups. This Th1-type cellular response observed in rLiHyV/saponin vaccinated mice was accompanied by the induction of parasite-specific IgG2a isotype antibodies. Animals immunized with rLiHyV/saponin showed significant reductions in the parasite burden in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and in the lymph nodes draining the paws relative to control mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed for the first time that the L. infantum LiHyV protein could be considered as a vaccine candidate against L. infantum infection, as well as a diagnostic marker for CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian T Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Danielle F de Magalhães-Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Soto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos A P Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Aplicada ao Estudo das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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de Paiva-Cavalcanti M, de Morais RCS, Pessoa-E-Silva R, Trajano-Silva LAM, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque SDC, Tavares DDHC, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Silva RDFE, Pereira VRA. Leishmaniases diagnosis: an update on the use of immunological and molecular tools. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:31. [PMID: 26097678 PMCID: PMC4474361 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. They cause a spectrum of diseases, most notably visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis, which affect millions of people around the world, each year. Despite scientific advances, leishmaniases cases are expanding, constituting an important public health problem. Immunological and molecular diagnostic tools have been increasingly applied for the early detection of these parasitic infections, since the existence of limitations in clinical and parasitological examinations may provide false results, thus interfering in epidemiological research and diseases control. Although there is a great diversity of available immunological assays, important common deficiencies persist, which explains the current exploration of the molecular biology in research fields, especially the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and its variants, such as real-time quantitative PCR. However, in the last years, significant results have also been reached inside of immunological context (especially by Flow Cytometry), for humans and dogs, demonstrated by research works of the New and Old worlds. In spite of their potential to clarify and minimize the present global situation of the diseases, the implementation of molecular or immunological innovative reference assays for VL and CL at health services is still a challenge due to several reasons, including lack of standardization among laboratories and structural concerns. In this article we bring classical and current information about technological advances for the immunological and molecular leishmaniases diagnosis, their features, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pessoa-E-Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil ; Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), St. Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, 105, 55920-000 São José, Garanhuns, PE Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s / n, 50670-420 Recife, PE Brazil
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12
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Teixeira-Carvalho A, Campos FMF, Geiger SM, Rocha RDR, de Araújo FF, Vitelli-Avelar DM, Andrade MC, Araújo MSS, Lemos EM, de Freitas Carneiro Proietti AB, Sabino EC, Caldas RG, Freitas CRC, Campi-Azevedo AC, Elói-Santos SM, Martins-Filho OA. FC-TRIPLEX Chagas/Leish IgG1: a multiplexed flow cytometry method for differential serological diagnosis of chagas disease and leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122938. [PMID: 25875961 PMCID: PMC4398351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential serological diagnosis of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis is difficult owing to cross-reactivity resulting from the fact that the parasites that cause these pathologies share antigenic epitopes. Even with optimized serological assays that use parasite-specific recombinant antigens, inconclusive test results continue to be a problem. Therefore, new serological tests with high sensitivity and specificity are needed. In the present work, we developed and evaluated the performance of a new flow cytometric serological method, referred to as FC-TRIPLEX Chagas/Leish IgG1, for the all-in-one classification of inconclusive tests. The method uses antigens for the detection of visceral leishmaniasis, localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease and is based on an inverted detuned algorithm for analysis of anti-Trypanosomatidae IgG1 reactivity. First, parasites were label with fluorescein isothiocyanate or Alexa Fluor 647 at various concentrations. Then serum samples were serially diluted, the dilutions were incubated with suspensions of mixed labeled parasites, and flow cytometric measurements were performed to determine percentages of positive fluorescent parasites. Using the new method, we obtained correct results for 76 of 80 analyzed serum samples (95% overall performance), underscoring the outstanding performance of the method. Moreover, we found that the fluorescently labeled parasite suspensions were stable during storage at room temperature, 4 °C, and -20 °C for 1 year. In addition, two different lots of parasite suspensions showed equivalent antigen recognition; that is, the two lots showed equivalent categorical segregation of anti-Trypanosomatidae IgG1 reactivity at selected serum dilutions. In conclusion, we have developed a sensitive and selective method for differential diagnosis of Chagas disease, visceral leishmaniasis, and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Freire Campos
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Stefan Michael Geiger
- Laboratório de Helmintoses Intestinais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Roberta Dias Rodrigues Rocha
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Danielle Marquete Vitelli-Avelar
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Mariléia Chaves Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elenice Moreira Lemos
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brasil
| | | | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rafaella Gaiotti Caldas
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carolina Renata Camargos Freitas
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Silvana Maria Elói-Santos
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Geral, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Departamento de Propedêutica Complementar, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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13
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Martins LM, Rangel ALP, Peixe RG, Silva-Dos-Santos PP, Lemos EM, Martins-Filho OA, Bahia-Oliveira LMG. Specific IgM, IgG and IgG1 directed against Toxoplasma gondii detected by flow cytometry and their potential as serologic tools to support clinical indirect fundoscopic presumed diagnosis of ocular disease. J Immunol Methods 2014; 417:97-106. [PMID: 25527345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin profiles of a group of 118 individuals living in an endemic area. The aim of the study was to select biomarkers to support the ophthalmological diagnosis of retinal/retinochoroidal scars presumably caused by T. gondii infection. Overall anti-T. gondii reactivity of the IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE and IgG subclasses was investigated by flow cytometry-based anti-fixed tachyzoite antibodies (FC-AFTA) in four groups of subjects, referred to as: i) TOXO(L)--seropositive patients with retinal/retinochoroidal scars presumably caused by T. gondii infection; these patients were further subdivided according to morphological aspects of their ocular scar lesions as A, B or C; ii) TOXO(NL)--seropositive patients without ocular scar lesions; iii) NEG(L)--T. gondii seronegative patients presenting retinal lesions; and iv) NEG(NL)--T. gondii seronegative without retinal lesions (negative controls). Our data demonstrated that anti-T. gondii IgG profiles were able to discriminate the mean reactivity of TOXO(L) from all other clinical groups. Analysis of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin profiles revealed that IgM and IgG were good biomarkers capable of discriminating between individual reactivity in patients with retinal/retinochoroidal scars presumably caused by T. gondii infection [TOXO(L)] from those caused by other clinical conditions. Furthermore, anti-T. gondii IgG1 reactivity was able to discriminate TOXO(L) from all other clinical groups. In conclusion, the pre-selected IgM, IgG and IgG1 anti-T. gondii antibody subclasses were able to segregate both TOXO(L) and the other subgroups, including the scar lesion group types (A, B, C), from other clinical conditions. These results suggest the applicability of this technique in the clinical laboratory to detect putative biomarker for diagnosis of ocular lesions in T. gondii-infected patients. Studies in other areas implementing the methods described in the present study would be of value and enable evaluation of a system for classification of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis scar lesions. This classification would make comparative studies on ocular toxoplasmosis conducted in different regions around the world possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Mattos Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alba Lucinia Peixoto Rangel
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guerra Peixe
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Elenice Moreira Lemos
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lilian Maria Garcia Bahia-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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14
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Pereira VRA, Reis LDC, Souza MDA, de Oliveira AP, de Brito MEF, Lage PS, Andrade MC, Rocha RDR, Martins-Filho OA. Evaluation of anti-lived and anti-fixed Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigote IgG antibodies detected by flow cytometry for diagnosis and post-therapeutic cure assessment in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:292-8. [PMID: 23007034 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate a flow cytometry performance-based methodology to detect anti-live (FC-ALPA-IgG) and anti-fixed (FC-AFPA-IgG) Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigote IgG as a means to monitor post-therapeutic cure of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Serum samples from 30 LCL patients infected with L. (V.) braziliensis were assayed, comparing the IgG reactivity before and after specific treatment with pentavalent antimonial. Reactivities were reported as the percentage of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP), using a PPFP of 60% as a cut-off value. In the serum dilution of 1:1024, the positive percentage of LCL serum sample for FC-ALPA-IgG and FC-AFPA-IgG was 86% and 90%, respectively, before treatment. Analysis of ∆PPFP that represents the difference between PPFP after and before treatment appeared as a new approach to monitor post-therapeutic IgG reactivity in LCL. Our data support the perspective of using FC-ALPA and FC-AFPA as a useful serologic tool for diagnosis and for post-therapeutic follow-up of LCL patients.
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15
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Silva-dos-Santos PP, Barros GB, Mineo JR, Silva DADO, Menegaz MHW, Serufo JC, Dietze R, Martins-Filho ODA, Lemos EM. Flow cytometry-based algorithm to analyze the anti-fixed Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites IgM and IgG reactivity and diagnose human acute toxoplasmosis. J Immunol Methods 2012; 378:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Santos LDS, Torres RM, Machado-de-Assis GF, Bahia MT, Martins HR, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Albajar-Viñas P, Martins-Filho OA, Lana MD. In-house ELISA method to analyze anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG reactivity for differential diagnosis and evaluation of Chagas disease morbidity. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:35-44. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The goal was to develop an in-house serological method with high specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis and monitoring of Chagas disease morbidity. METHODS: With this purpose, the reactivities of anti-T. cruzi IgG and subclasses were tested in successive serum dilutions of patients from Berilo municipality, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The performance of the in-house ELISA was also evaluated in samples from other relevant infectious diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), syphilis (SYP), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), and noninfected controls (NI). Further analysis was performed to evaluate the applicability of this in-house methodology for monitoring Chagas disease morbidity into three groups of patients: indeterminate (IND), cardiac (CARD), and digestive/mixed (DIG/Mix), based on their clinical status. RESULTS: The analysis of total IgG reactivity at serum dilution 1:40 was an excellent approach to Chagas disease diagnosis (100% sensitivity and specificity). The analysis of IgG subclasses showed cross-reactivity, mainly with NI, VL, and ATL, at all selected serum dilutions. Based on the data analysis, the IND group displayed higher IgG3 levels and the DIG/Mix group presented higher levels of total IgG as compared with the IND and CARD groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that methodology presents promising applicability in the analysis of anti-T. cruzi IgG reactivity for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of Chagas disease morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
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Gomes IT, Carvalho SFG, Rocha RDR, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Dietze R, Martins-Filho ODA, Lemos EM. Anti-Leishmania chagasi immunoglobulin G3 detected by flow cytometry for early cure assessment in American visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol Methods 2010; 360:76-83. [PMID: 20598707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a novel flow cytometric based methodology to access the reactivity of seric anti-live (FC-ALPA) and fixed (FC-AFPA) L. chagasi IgG antibodies applicable for cure assessment after specific therapy of VL. Both, FC-ALPA-IgG and FC-AFPA-IgG are promising targets to be used for early cure assessment. However, our finding suggested that further refinements were still required to improve the performance of FC-AFPA IgG for early cure assessment in VL. In the present investigation, we have established and evaluated the performance of FC-AFPA-IgG1/IgG2/IgG3/IgG4 aiming to increase the performance index of the previously reported for FC-AFPA-IgG. The data was expressed as percentage of fluorescent positive parasites after incubation of pre-fixed L. chagasi promastigotes with the test sera samples and addition of second-step FITC-labeled anti-human IgG subclasses conjugates. The analysis of anti-L. chagasi IgG reactivity in polled sera samples from VL patients demonstrated that, before the etiological treatment, the IgG subclass profile was characterized by IgG1>IgG3 with the absence of IgG2 and IgG4 at the specific sera dilution tested. Following the establishment of specific PPFP cut-off-edges to segregate negative and positive results (PPFP of 50% for FC-AFPA-IgG1 and PPFP of 40% for FC-AFPA-IgG3), the analysis of IgG1 and IgG3 reactivity demonstrated good performance for early cure assessment in VL. The analysis of individual samples indicated that despite at 2 mAT, most treated VL patients (81%) still displayed positive results in FC-AFPA-IGg1 analysis, an increased fraction of treated patients (76%) presented negative in FC-AFPA-IgG1 analysis at 6 mAT. Interestingly, the data from FC-AFPA-IgG3 demonstrated an outstanding performance of this method to early cure assessment in VL with increased frequency of treated patients displaying negative results at 2 mAT (90.5%) as well as at 6 mAT (95.2%). The analysis of likelihood ratio (LR) further confirmed the remarkable performance of FC-AFPA-IgG3 as an early complementary biomarker useful to monitor the post-therapeutic cure in human VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabelle Teixeira Gomes
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Anti-fixed Leishmania chagasi promastigotes IgG antibodies detected by flow cytometry (FC-AFPA-IgG) as a tool for serodiagnosis and for post-therapeutic cure assessment in American visceral leishmaniasis. J Immunol Methods 2009; 350:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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