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Chaung W, Ma G, Jacob A, Brenner M, Wang P. Human cell-expressed tag-free rhMFG-E8 as an effective radiation mitigator. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22186. [PMID: 38092894 PMCID: PMC10719321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8) functions as a bridging molecule to promote the removal of dying cells by professional phagocytes. E. coli-expressed histidine-tagged recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) is protective in various disease conditions. However, due to improper recombinant protein glycosylation, misfolding and the possibility of antigenicity, E. coli-expressed histidine-tagged rhMFG-E8 is unsuitable for human therapy. Therefore, we hypothesize that human cell-expressed, tag-free rhMFG-E8 will have suitable structural and functional properties to be developed as a safe and effective novel biologic to treat inflammatory diseases including radiation injury. We produced a new tag-free rhMFG-E8 protein by cloning the human MFG-E8 full-length coding sequence without any fusion tag into a mammalian vector and expressed it in HEK293-derived cells. The construct includes the leader sequence of cystatin S to maximize secretion of rhMFG-E8 into the culture medium. After purification and confirmation of the protein identity, we first evaluated its biological activity in vitro. We then determined its efficacy in vivo utilizing an experimental rodent model of radiation injury, i.e., partial body irradiation (PBI). HEK293 cell supernatant containing tag-free rhMFG-E8 protein was concentrated, purified, and rhMFG-E8 was verified by SDS-PAGE with the standard human MFG-E8 loaded as control and, mass spectrometry followed by analysis using MASCOT for peptide mass fingerprint. The biological activity of human cell-expressed tag-free rhMFG-E8 was superior to that of E. coli-expressed His-tagged rhMFG-E8. Toxicity, stability, and pharmacokinetic studies indicate that tag-free rhMFG-E8 is safe, highly stable after lyophilization and long-term storage, and with a terminal elimination half-life in circulation of at least 1.45 h. In the 15 Gy PBI model, a dose-dependent improvement of the 30-day survival rate was observed after tag-free rhMFG-E8 treatment with a 30-day survival of 89%, which was significantly higher than the 25% survival in the vehicle group. The dose modification factor (DMF) of tag-free rhMFG-E8 calculated using probit analysis was 1.058. Tag-free rhMFG-E8 also attenuated gastrointestinal damage after PBI suggesting it as a potential therapeutic candidate for a medical countermeasure for radiation injury. Our new human cell-expressed tag-free rhMFG-E8 has proper structural and functional properties to be further developed as a safe and effective therapy to treat victims of severe acute radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chaung
- TheraSource LLC, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Gaifeng Ma
- TheraSource LLC, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Asha Jacob
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- TheraSource LLC, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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2
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Chung YH, Ortega-Rivera OA, Volckaert BA, Jung E, Zhao Z, Steinmetz NF. Viral nanoparticle vaccines against S100A9 reduce lung tumor seeding and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221859120. [PMID: 37844250 PMCID: PMC10614828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221859120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer accounts for 90% of all cancer-related deaths and continues to be one of the toughest challenges in cancer treatment. A growing body of data indicates that S100A9, a major regulator of inflammation, plays a central role in cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in the lungs, where S100A9 forms a premetastatic niche. Thus, we developed a vaccine against S100A9 derived from plant viruses and virus-like particles. Using multiple tumor mouse models, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the S100A9 vaccine candidates in preventing tumor seeding within the lungs and outgrowth of metastatic disease. The elicited antibodies showed high specificity toward S100A9 without cross-reactivity toward S100A8, another member of the S100A family. When tested in metastatic mouse models of breast cancer and melanoma, the vaccines significantly reduced lung tumor nodules after intravenous challenge or postsurgical removal of the primary tumor. Mechanistically, the vaccines reduce the levels of S100A9 within the lungs and sera, thereby increasing the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines with antitumor function [(interleukin) IL-12 and interferonγ] while reducing levels of immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factorβ). This also correlated with decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations within the lungs. This work has wide-ranging impact, as S100A9 is overexpressed in multiple cancers and linked with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The data presented lay the foundation for the development of therapies and vaccines targeting S100A9 to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
| | | | | | - Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, University of California, San Diego, CA92093
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3
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Rodrigues KA, Cottrell CA, Steichen JM, Groschel B, Abraham W, Suh H, Agarwal Y, Ni K, Chang JYH, Yousefpour P, Melo MB, Schief WR, Irvine DJ. Optimization of an alum-anchored clinical HIV vaccine candidate. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:117. [PMID: 37573422 PMCID: PMC10423202 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing effort to develop a vaccine against HIV, vaccine approaches that promote strong germinal center (GC) responses may be critical to enable the selection and affinity maturation of rare B cell clones capable of evolving to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated an approach for enhancing GC responses and overall humoral immunity elicited by alum-adjuvanted protein immunization via the use of phosphoserine (pSer) peptide-tagged immunogens that stably anchor to alum particles via ligand exchange with the alum particle surface. Here, using a clinically relevant stabilized HIV Env trimer termed MD39, we systematically evaluated the impact of several parameters relevant to pSer tag composition and trimer immunogen design to optimize this approach, including phosphate valency, amino acid sequence of the trimer C-terminus used for pSer tag conjugation, and structure of the pSer tag. We also tested the impact of co-administering a potent saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) nanoparticle co-adjuvant with alum-bound trimers. We identified MD39 trimer sequences bearing an optimized positively-charged C-terminal amino acid sequence, which, when conjugated to a pSer tag with four phosphates and a polypeptide spacer, bound very tightly to alum particles while retaining a native Env-like antigenicity profile. This optimized pSer-trimer design elicited robust antigen-specific GC B cell and serum IgG responses in mice. Through this optimization, we present a favorable MD39-pSer immunogen construct for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jason Y H Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Parisa Yousefpour
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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4
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Badten A, Ramirez A, Hernandez-Davies JE, Albin TJ, Jain A, Nakajima R, Felgner J, Davies DH, Wang SW. Protein Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Enhances Immunogenicity and Breadth of the Antibody Response. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:239-252. [PMID: 36607269 PMCID: PMC9926493 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of seasonal influenza vaccines administered each year are derived from virus propagated in eggs using technology that has changed little since the 1930s. The immunogenicity, durability, and breadth of response would likely benefit from a recombinant nanoparticle-based approach. Although the E2 protein nanoparticle (NP) platform has been previously shown to promote effective cell-mediated responses to peptide epitopes, it has not yet been reported to deliver whole protein antigens. In this study, we synthesized a novel maleimido tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) linker to couple protein hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 influenza virus to the E2 NP, and we evaluated the HA-specific antibody responses using protein microarrays. We found that recombinant H1 protein alone is immunogenic in mice but requires two boosts for IgG to be detected and is strongly IgG1 (Th2) polarized. When conjugated to E2 NPs, IgG2c is produced leading to a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. Inclusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) significantly enhances the immunogenicity of H1-E2 NPs while retaining the Th1/Th2 balance. Interestingly, broader homo- and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity is also observed for conjugated H1-E2 with MPLA, compared to unconjugated H1 with or without MPLA. These results highlight the potential of an NP-based delivery of HA for tuning the immunogenicity, breadth, and Th1/Th2 balance generated by recombinant HA-based vaccination. Furthermore, the modularity of this protein-protein conjugation strategy may have utility for future vaccine development against other human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Badten
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tyler J. Albin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vaccine Research and Development
Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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Kabarkouhi Z, Mehrarya M, Gharehchelou B, Jalilian Z, Jalili R, Wintrasiri MN, Mozafari MR. Liposome, Nanoliposome and Allied Technologies in Covid-19 Vaccines: Key Roles and Functionalities. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:3-7. [PMID: 35490320 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220427125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Kabarkouhi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, and Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mehrarya
- Protein Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University, and Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Gharehchelou
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Jalilian
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), 8054 Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - R Jalili
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), 8054 Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - M N Wintrasiri
- Supreme NanoBiotics Co. Ltd. and Supreme Pharmatech Co. Ltd., 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, Thailand
| | - M R Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), 8054 Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Supreme NanoBiotics Co. Ltd. and Supreme Pharmatech Co. Ltd., 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, Thailand
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6
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Chung YH, Volckaert BA, Steinmetz NF. Development of a Modular NTA:His Tag Viral Vaccine for Co-delivery of Antigen and Adjuvant. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:269-278. [PMID: 36608270 PMCID: PMC10545220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines that are effective, but quickly produced. Of note, vaccines with plug-and-play capabilities that co-deliver antigen and adjuvant to the same cell have shown remarkable success. Our approach of utilizing a nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) histidine (His)-tag chemistry with viral adjuvants incorporates both of these characteristics: plug-and-play and co-delivery. We specifically utilize the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and the virus-like particles from bacteriophage Qβ as adjuvants and bind the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Successful binding of the antigen to the adjuvant/carrier was verified by SDS-PAGE, western blot, and ELISA. Immunization in C57BL/6J mice demonstrates that with Qβ - but not CPMV - there is an improved antibody response against the target antigen using the Qβ-NiNTA:His-OVA versus a simple admixture of antigen and adjuvant. Antibody isotyping also shows that formulation of the vaccines can alter T helper biases; while the Qβ-NiNTA:His-OVA particle produces a balanced Th1/Th2 bias the admixture was strongly Th2. In a mouse model of B16F10-OVA, we further demonstrate improved survival and slower tumor growth in the vaccine groups compared to controls. The NiNTA:His chemistry demonstrates potential for rapid development of future generation vaccines enabling plug-and-play capabilities with effectiveness boosted by co-delivery to the same cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Britney A Volckaert
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Podolsky KA, Masubuchi T, Debelouchina GT, Hui E, Devaraj NK. In Situ Assembly of Transmembrane Proteins from Expressed and Synthetic Components in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1015-1021. [PMID: 35482050 PMCID: PMC9255206 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reconstituting functional transmembrane (TM) proteins into model membranes is challenging due to the difficulty of expressing hydrophobic TM domains, which often require stabilizing detergents that can perturb protein structure and function. Recent model systems solve this problem by linking the soluble domains of membrane proteins to lipids, using noncovalent conjugation. Herein, we test an alternative solution involving the in vitro assembly of TM proteins from synthetic TM domains and expressed soluble domains using chemoselective peptide ligation. We developed an intein mediated ligation strategy to semisynthesize single-pass TM proteins in synthetic giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) membranes by covalently attaching soluble protein domains to a synthetic TM polypeptide, avoiding the requirement for detergent. We show that the extracellular domain of programmed cell death protein 1, a mammalian immune checkpoint receptor, retains its ligand-binding function at a membrane interface after ligation to a synthetic TM peptide in GUVs, facilitating the study of receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - T. Masubuchi
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - G. T. Debelouchina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - E. Hui
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - N. K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Corresponding Author: Neal K. Devaraj,
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8
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Wilks LR, Joshi G, Grisham MR, Gill HS. Tyrosine-Based Cross-Linking of Peptide Antigens to Generate Nanoclusters with Enhanced Immunogenicity: Demonstration Using the Conserved M2e Peptide of Influenza A. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2723-2735. [PMID: 34432416 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A method of creating nanoclusters (NCs) from soluble peptide molecules is described utilizing an approach based on a tyrosine-tyrosine cross-linking reaction. A reactive tag comprising histidine and tyrosine residues was introduced at the termini of the peptide molecules. The cross-linking reaction led to the creation of dityrosine bonds within the tag, which allowed for the generation of peptide NCs. We show that it is essential for the reactive tag to be present at both the "N" and "C" termini of the peptide for cluster formation to occur. Additionally, the cross-linking reaction was systematically characterized to show the importance of reaction conditions on final cluster diameter, allowing us to generate NCs of various sizes. To demonstrate the immunogenic potential of the peptide clusters, we chose to study the conserved influenza peptide, M2e, as the antigen. M2e NCs were formulated using the cross-linking reaction. We show the ability of the clusters to generate protective immunity in a dose, size, and frequency dependent manner against a lethal influenza A challenge in BALB/c mice. Taken together, the data presented suggest this new cluster formation technique can generate highly immunogenic peptide NCs in a simple and controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan R. Wilks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Megan R. Grisham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 8th Street and Canton Avenue, Mail Stop 3121, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
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9
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Nardo D, Akers CM, Cheung NE, Isom CM, Spaude JT, Pack DW, Venditto VJ. Cyanuric chloride as the basis for compositionally diverse lipids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24752-24761. [PMID: 34354826 PMCID: PMC8280964 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanuric chloride has been utilized in the development of new synthetic lipid compounds using two differing schemes. The resulting lipids, presented in this manuscript, were characterized and evaluated for their ability to form nanoparticles and subsequently tested for their utility in various biological applications, including gene delivery and immunization. Of the 12 lipids synthesized, 8 formed nanoparticles that remained stable, based on dynamic light scattering, for at least one month. The compounds were then assessed for their toxicity, and subsequently tested for their ability to encapsulate drugs, genes and peptides. While the compounds did not seem to encapsulate carboxyfluorescein, we demonstrate that these lipids are capable of plasmid delivery in vitro, and inducing antibody profiles similar to other hydrophobic anchors in liposomal peptide vaccines. This strategy for accessing diverse lipid compounds offers a way to easily optimize lipid-based therapeutics for research in an expedited manner. Cyanuric chloride enables facile synthesis of lipids with unique biophysical properties for use in gene and vaccine delivery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nardo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Caleb M Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Nicholas E Cheung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Cierra M Isom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Jason T Spaude
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky College of Engineering Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy Lexington KY 40536 USA
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10
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Vu MN, Kelly HG, Tan H, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Davis TP, Truong NP, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Hemagglutinin Functionalized Liposomal Vaccines Enhance Germinal Center and Follicular Helper T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002142. [PMID: 33690985 PMCID: PMC8206650 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable successes of immunization in protecting public health, safe and effective vaccines against a number of life-threatening pathogens such as HIV, ebola, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 remain urgently needed. Subunit vaccines can avoid potential toxicity associated with traditional whole virion-inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines; however, the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines is often poor. A facile method is here reported to produce lipid nanoparticle subunit vaccines that exhibit high immunogenicity and elicit protection against influenza virus. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) immunogens are functionalized on the surface of liposomes via stable metal chelation chemistry, using a scalable advanced microfluidic mixing technology (NanoAssemblr). Immunization of mice with HA-liposomes elicits increased serum antibody titers and superior protection against highly pathogenic virus challenge compared with free HA protein. HA-liposomal vaccines display enhanced antigen deposition into germinal centers within the draining lymph nodes, driving increased HA-specific B cell, and follicular helper T cell responses. This work provides mechanistic insights into highly protective HA-liposome vaccines and informs the rational design and rapid production of next generation nanoparticle subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai N. Vu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Department of PharmaceuticsHanoi University of PharmacyHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Hyon‐Xhi Tan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australia Institute of Bioengineering & NanotechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia
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11
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Liposome engraftment and antigen combination potentiate the immune response towards conserved epitopes of the malaria vaccine candidate MSP2. Vaccine 2021; 39:1746-1757. [PMID: 33618946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) is a highly abundant, GPI-anchored surface antigen on merozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It consists of highly conserved N- and C-terminal domains, and a central polymorphic region that allows all MSP2 alleles to be categorized into the 3D7 or FC27 family. Previously it has been shown that epitope accessibility differs between lipid-bound and lipid-free MSP2, suggesting that lipid interactions modulate the conformation and antigenicity in a way that may better mimic native MSP2 on the merozoite surface. Therefore, we have immunised mice with MSP2 engrafted onto liposomes using a C-terminal tether that mimics the native GPI anchor. To improve the immunogenicity of the formulated antigen, liposomes were supplemented with Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern molecules, specifically agonists of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or TLR2. Induced antibodies were directed mostly towards conserved epitopes, predominantly in the conserved C-terminal region of MSP2. We also found that immunisation with a combination of 3D7 and FC27 MSP2 enhanced antibody responses to conserved epitopes, and that the overall responses of mice immunised with MSP2-engrafted liposomes were comparable in magnitude to those of mice immunised with MSP2 formulated in Montanide ISA720. The antibodies elicited in mice by immunising with MSP2-engrafted liposomes recognised the native form of parasite MSP2 on western blots and were found to be cross-reactive with isolated 3D7 and FC27 merozoites when investigated by ELISA. The liposome-tethered MSP2 induced higher titres of complement-fixing antibodies to 3D7 and FC27 MSP2 than did MSP2 formulated in Montanide ISA720. Our results indicate that liposomal formulation represents a viable strategy for eliciting a strong immune response that favours conserved epitopes in MSP2 and thus a strain-transcendent immune response.
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12
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Isaacs A, Li Z, Cheung STM, Wijesundara DK, McMillan CLD, Modhiran N, Young PR, Ranasinghe C, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Adjuvant Selection for Influenza and RSV Prefusion Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020071. [PMID: 33498370 PMCID: PMC7909420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines exhibit favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles and can be designed to mimic native antigen structures. However, pairing with an appropriate adjuvant is imperative in order to elicit effective humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we aimed to determine an optimal adjuvant pairing with the prefusion form of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) subunit vaccines in BALB/c mice in order to inform future subunit vaccine adjuvant selection. We tested a panel of adjuvants, including aluminum hydroxide (alhydrogel), QS21, Addavax, Addavax with QS21 (AdQS21), and Army Liposome Formulation 55 with monophosphoryl lipid A and QS21 (ALF55). We found that all adjuvants elicited robust humoral responses in comparison to placebo, with the induction of potent neutralizing antibodies observed in all adjuvanted groups against influenza and in AdQS21, alhydrogel, and ALF55 against RSV. Upon HA vaccination, we observed that none of the adjuvants were able to significantly increase the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells when compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant highlights that those adjuvants most suited for pairing purposes can vary depending on the antigen used and/or the desired immune response. We therefore suggest that an adjuvant trial for different subunit vaccines in development would likely be necessary in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Leboux RJT, Benne N, van Os WL, Bussmann J, Kros A, Jiskoot W, Slütter B. High-affinity antigen association to cationic liposomes via coiled coil-forming peptides induces a strong antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell response. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:96-105. [PMID: 33188929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely investigated as vaccine delivery systems, but antigen loading efficiency can be low. Moreover, adsorbed antigen may rapidly desorb under physiological conditions. Encapsulation of antigens overcomes the latter problem but results in significant antigen loss during preparation and purification of the liposomes. Here, we propose an alternative attachment method, based on a complementary heterodimeric coiled coil peptide pair pepK and pepE. PepK was conjugated to cholesterol (yielding CPK) and pepE was covalently linked to model antigen OVA323 (yielding pepE-OVA323). CPK was incorporated in the lipid bilayer of cationic liposomes (180 nm in size). Antigen was associated more efficiently to functionalized liposomes (Kd 166 nM) than to cationic liposomes (Kd not detectable). In vivo co-localization of antigen and liposomes was strongly increased upon CPK-functionalization (35% -> 80%). CPK-functionalized liposomes induced 5-fold stronger CD4+ T-cell proliferation than non-functionalized liposomes in vitro. Both formulations were able to induce strong CD4+ T-cell expansion in mice, but more IFN-y and IL-10 production was observed after immunization with functionalized liposomes. In conclusion, antigen association via coiled coil peptide pair increased co-localization of antigen and liposomes, increased CD4+ T-cell proliferation in vitro and induced a stronger CD4+ T-cell response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J T Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W L van Os
- Div. of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Kros
- Div. of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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14
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Human plasma protein adsorption to elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles. Biointerphases 2020; 15:021007. [DOI: 10.1116/6.0000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Raghunath G, Dyer RB. Kinetics of Histidine-Tagged Protein Association to Nickel-Decorated Liposome Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12550-12561. [PMID: 31466440 PMCID: PMC6759406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-chelating lipids offer a convenient platform for reversible immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins to liposome surfaces. This interaction recently found utility as a model system for studying membrane remodeling triggered by protein crowding. Despite its wide array of utility, the molecular details of transient protein association to the lipid surfaces decorated with such chelator lipids remains poorly understood. In this study, we explore the kinetics of protein-liposome association across a wide concentration range using stopped-flow fluorescence. The fluorescence of histidine-tagged protein containing an intrinsic fluorophore (superfolder green fluorescent protein, SfGFP) was quenched upon binding to Ni-NTA-modified liposomes containing the quencher Dabsyl-PE lipids. Stopped-flow fluorescence reveals a complex, multiexponential binding behavior with a fast (kobs ∼ 10-20 s-1) phase and slower (kobs < 4 s-1) phase. Interestingly, the observed rates for the slower phase increase initially under low concentrations but start decreasing once a critical concentration is reached. Despite differences in the binding time scales, we observe that the trend of decreasing rates is reproducible irrespective of the chelator lipid doping level, protein surface charge, or lipid composition. Consideration of the protein footprint and membrane surface area occupancy leads us to conclude that the multiphasic binding behavior is reflective of protein binding via two distinct binding conformations. We propose that preliminary steps in protein association involve binding of a sterically occlusive side-on conformation followed by reorganization that leads to an end-on conformation with increased packing density. These results are important for the improvement of histidine-tag-based immobilization strategies and offer mechanistic insight into intermediates preceding membrane bending driven by protein crowding.
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16
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Nagasawa Y, Kiku Y, Sugawara K, Hirose A, Kai C, Kitano N, Takahashi T, Nochi T, Aso H, Sawada SI, Akiyoshi K, Hayashi T. Staphylococcus aureus-specific IgA antibody in milk suppresses the multiplication of S. aureus in infected bovine udder. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:286. [PMID: 31399125 PMCID: PMC6688226 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is extremely difficult to control and new methods for its prevention and management are required. Nasal vaccines may prevent initial bovine mastitis infection caused by S. aureus. However, limited information is available regarding induction of mucosal immune response through nasal immunization with antigen and its suppression of S. aureus multiplication during bovine mastitis. This study sought to investigate whether induction of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in milk by nasal immunization could suppress multiplication of S. aureus in the bovine udder. Results Nasal immunization with formalin-killed S. aureus conjugated with a cationic cholesteryl-group-bearing pullulan-nanogel was performed. Anti-S. aureus-specific IgA antibodies were significantly more abundant in the milk of immunized cows than in non-immunized animals (P < 0.05). S. aureus counts in the quarter were negative in both non-immunized and nasal-immunized cows 1 week after mock infusion. In S. aureus-infused quarters, S. aureus multiplication was significantly suppressed in immunized compared with non-immunized cows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between S. aureus-specific IgA antibodies and S. aureus counts in infused quarters of both non-immunized and nasal-immunized cows (r = − 0.811, P < 0.01). Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that S. aureus-specific IgA antibodies in milk successfully suppressed the multiplication of S. aureus in infected bovine udders. Although the exact mechanism explaining such suppressive effect remains to be elucidated, nasal vaccines that can induce humoral immunity may help prevent initial infection with S. aureus and the onset of bovine mastitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2025-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nagasawa
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan
| | - Kazue Sugawara
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan
| | - Aya Hirose
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kai
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan
| | - Nana Kitano
- Graduate school of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takahashi
- Graduate school of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hayashi
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan.
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17
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Dacoba T, Omange RW, Li H, Crecente-Campo J, Luo M, Alonso MJ. Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Can Efficiently Modulate the Immune Response against an HIV Peptide Antigen. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4947-4959. [PMID: 30964270 PMCID: PMC6607401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of an effective HIV vaccine continues to be a major health challenge since, so far, only the RV144 trial has demonstrated a modest clinical efficacy. Recently, the targeting of the 12 highly conserved protease cleavage sites (PCS1-12) has been presented as a strategy seeking to hamper the maturation and infectivity of HIV. To pursue this line of research, and because peptide antigens have low immunogenicity, we have included these peptides in engineered nanoparticles, aiming at overcoming this limitation. More specifically, we investigated whether the covalent attachment of a PCS peptide (PCS5) to polysaccharide-based nanoparticles, and their coadministration with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), improved the generated immune response. To this end, PCS5 was first conjugated to two different polysaccharides (chitosan and hyaluronic acid) through either a stable or a cleavable bond and then associated with an oppositely charged polymer (dextran sulfate and chitosan) and poly(I:C) to form the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles associating PCS5 by ionic interactions were used in this study as the control formulation. In vivo, all nanosystems elicited high anti-PCS5 antibodies. Nanoparticles containing PCS5 conjugated and poly(I:C) seemed to induce the strongest activation of antigen-presenting cells. Interestingly, T cell activation presented different kinetics depending on the prototype. These findings show that both the nanoparticle composition and the conjugation of the HIV peptide antigen may play an important role in the generation of humoral and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara
G. Dacoba
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus
Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of
Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Robert W. Omange
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus
Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of
Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Ma Luo
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- National
Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency
of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3L5, Canada
| | - Maria Jose Alonso
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus
Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of
Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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18
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Large DE, Soucy JR, Hebert J, Auguste DT. Advances in Receptor-Mediated, Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2:1800091. [PMID: 38699509 PMCID: PMC11064891 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated drug delivery presents an opportunity to enhance therapeutic efficiency by accumulating drug within the tissue of interest and reducing undesired, off-target effects. In cancer, receptor overexpression is a platform for binding and inhibiting pathways that shape biodistribution, toxicity, cell binding and uptake, and therapeutic function. This review will identify tumor-targeted drug delivery vehicles and receptors that show promise for clinical translation based on quantitative in vitro and in vivo data. The authors describe the rationale to engineer a targeted drug delivery vehicle based on the ligand, chemical conjugation method, and type of drug delivery vehicle. Recent advances in multivalent targeting and ligand organization on tumor accumulation are discussed. Revolutionizing receptor-mediated drug delivery may be leveraged in the therapeutic delivery of chemotherapy, gene editing tools, and epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Large
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob Hebert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debra T Auguste
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Bazzill JD, Stronsky SM, Kalinyak LC, Ochyl LJ, Steffens JT, van Tongeren SA, Cooper CL, Moon JJ. Vaccine nanoparticles displaying recombinant Ebola virus glycoprotein for induction of potent antibody and polyfunctional T cell responses. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 18:414-425. [PMID: 30471480 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of Ebolavirus (EBOV) in West Africa underscore the urgent need to develop an effective EBOV vaccine. Here, we report the development of synthetic nanoparticles as a safe and highly immunogenic platform for vaccination against EBOV. We show that a large recombinant EBOV antigen (rGP) can be incorporated in a configurational manner into lipid-based nanoparticles, termed interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles (ICMVs). The epitopes and quaternary structure of rGP were properly maintained on the surfaces of ICMVs formed either with or without nickel nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-functionalized lipids. When administered in mice, rGP-ICMVs without NTA-lipids efficiently generated germinal center B cells and polyfunctional T cells while eliciting robust neutralizing antibody responses. This study suggests the potential of vaccine nanoparticles as a delivery platform for configurational, multivalent display of large subunit antigens and induction of neutralizing antibody and T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Bazzill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sabrina M Stronsky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Laura C Kalinyak
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Lukasz J Ochyl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesse T Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sean A van Tongeren
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Cooper
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Tokatlian T, Kulp DW, Mutafyan AA, Jones CA, Menis S, Georgeson E, Kubitz M, Zhang MH, Melo MB, Silva M, Yun DS, Schief WR, Irvine DJ. Enhancing Humoral Responses Against HIV Envelope Trimers via Nanoparticle Delivery with Stabilized Synthetic Liposomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16527. [PMID: 30410003 PMCID: PMC6224390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An HIV vaccine capable of eliciting durable neutralizing antibody responses continues to be an important unmet need. Multivalent nanoparticles displaying a high density of envelope trimers may be promising immunogen forms to elicit strong and durable humoral responses to HIV, but critical particle design criteria remain to be fully defined. To this end, we developed strategies to covalently anchor a stabilized gp140 trimer, BG505 MD39, on the surfaces of synthetic liposomes to study the effects of trimer density and vesicle stability on vaccine-elicited humoral responses in mice. CryoEM imaging revealed homogeneously distributed and oriented MD39 on the surface of liposomes irrespective of particle size, lipid composition, and conjugation strategy. Immunization with covalent MD39-coupled liposomes led to increased germinal center and antigen-specific T follicular helper cell responses and significantly higher avidity serum MD39-specific IgG responses compared to immunization with soluble MD39 trimers. A priming immunization with liposomal-MD39 was important for elicitation of high avidity antibody responses, regardless of whether booster immunizations were administered with either soluble or particulate trimers. The stability of trimer anchoring to liposomes was critical for these effects, as germinal center and output antibody responses were further increased by liposome compositions incorporating sphingomyelin that exhibited high in vitro stability in the presence of serum. Together these data highlight key liposome design features for optimizing humoral immunity to lipid nanoparticle immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA.,Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Menis
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA
| | - Mike Kubitz
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - William R Schief
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, USA.,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Science, TSRI, California, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute, MIT, Massachusetts, USA. .,Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, California, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, MIT, Massachusetts, USA. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Chen Z, Moon JJ, Cheng W. Quantitation and Stability of Protein Conjugation on Liposomes for Controlled Density of Surface Epitopes. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1251-1260. [PMID: 29528624 PMCID: PMC6918458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The number and spacing of B-cell epitopes on antigens have a profound impact on the activation of B cells and elicitation of antibody responses, the quantitative aspects of which may be utilized for rational design of vaccines. Ni-chelating liposomes have been widely used as protein carriers in experimental studies of vaccine delivery, owing to the convenience and versatility of this conjugation chemistry. However, the epitope number per particle as well as the stability of protein conjugation on liposomes remain far less characterized. Here we have developed quantitative methods to measure the average spatial density of proteins on liposomes using both ensemble and single-molecule techniques and demonstrated their utility using liposomes conjugated with native proteins of two different sizes. These studies revealed that the initial density of protein conjugation on Ni-chelating liposomes can be finely controlled, but the density can decrease over time upon dilution due to the noncovalent nature of Ni-chelation chemistry. These results indicate that an alternative method other than the Ni-chelation chemistry is needed for stable conjugation of epitopes onto liposomes and also suggest a general strategy that can be used to precisely regulate the epitope density on liposomes for B-cell antigen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Nisini R, Poerio N, Mariotti S, De Santis F, Fraziano M. The Multirole of Liposomes in Therapy and Prevention of Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29459867 PMCID: PMC5807682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are closed bilayer structures spontaneously formed by hydrated phospholipids that are widely used as efficient delivery systems for drugs or antigens, due to their capability to encapsulate bioactive hydrophilic, amphipathic, and lipophilic molecules into inner water phase or within lipid leaflets. The efficacy of liposomes as drug or antigen carriers has been improved in the last years to ameliorate pharmacokinetics and capacity to release their cargo in selected target organs or cells. Moreover, different formulations and variations in liposome composition have been often proposed to include immunostimulatory molecules, ligands for specific receptors, or stimuli responsive compounds. Intriguingly, independent research has unveiled the capacity of several phospholipids to play critical roles as intracellular messengers in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses through various mechanisms, including (i) activation of different antimicrobial enzymatic pathways, (ii) driving the fusion–fission events between endosomes with direct consequences to phagosome maturation and/or to antigen presentation pathway, and (iii) modulation of the inflammatory response. These features can be exploited by including selected bioactive phospholipids in the bilayer scaffold of liposomes. This would represent an important step forward since drug or antigen carrying liposomes could be engineered to simultaneously activate different signal transduction pathways and target specific cells or tissues to induce antigen-specific T and/or B cell response. This lipid-based host-directed strategy can provide a focused antimicrobial innate and adaptive immune response against specific pathogens and offer a novel prophylactic or therapeutic option against chronic, recurrent, or drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica De Santis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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23
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Das SC, Morales RA, Seow J, Krishnarjuna B, Dissanayake R, Anders RF, MacRaild CA, Norton RS. Lipid interactions modulate the structural and antigenic properties of the C-terminal domain of the malaria antigen merozoite surface protein 2. FEBS J 2017; 284:2649-2662. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreedam C. Das
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Rodrigo A.V. Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Bankala Krishnarjuna
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Ravindu Dissanayake
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Robin F. Anders
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Christopher A. MacRaild
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
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24
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Charlton Hume HK, Lua LHL. Platform technologies for modern vaccine manufacturing. Vaccine 2017; 35:4480-4485. [PMID: 28347504 PMCID: PMC7115529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of antigenic components and their interaction with the immune system, as supported by computational tools, permits a sophisticated approach to modern vaccine design. Vaccine platforms provide an effective tool by which strategically designed peptide and protein antigens are modularized to enhance their immunogenicity. These modular vaccine platforms can overcome issues faced by traditional vaccine manufacturing and have the potential to generate safe vaccines, rapidly and at a low cost. This review introduces two promising platforms based on virus-like particle and liposome, and discusses the methodologies and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley K Charlton Hume
- The University of Queensland, Protein Expression Facility, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- The University of Queensland, Protein Expression Facility, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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25
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Wang SX, Michiels J, Ariën KK, New R, Vanham G, Roitt I. Inhibition of HIV Virus by Neutralizing Vhh Attached to Dual Functional Liposomes Encapsulating Dapivirine. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:350. [PMID: 27465600 PMCID: PMC4963346 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly improved the life expectancy of HIV/AIDS patients, the treatment is not curative. It is a global challenge which fosters an urgent need to develop an effective drug or neutralizing antibody delivery approach for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Due to the low density of envelope spikes with restricted mobility present on the surface of HIV virus, which limit the antibody potency and allow virus mutation and escape from the immune system, it is important for a neutralizing antibody to form bivalent or multivalent bonds with the virus. Liposome constructs could fulfil this need due to the flexible mobility of the membrane with its attached antibodies and the capacity for drug encapsulation. In this study, we evaluated the neutralization activity of a range of liposome formulations in different sizes coated with anti-gp120 llama antibody fragments (Vhhs) conjugated via either non-covalent metal chelation or a covalent linkage. The non-covalent construct demonstrated identical binding affinity to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and neutralizing ability for HIV virus as free Vhh. Although covalently linked Vhh showed significant binding affinity to gp120, it unexpectedly had a lower neutralization potency. This may be due to the comparability in size of the viral and liposome particles restricting the number which can be bound to the liposome surface so involving only a fraction of the antibodies, whereas non-covalently attached antibodies dissociate from the surface after acting with gp120 and free the remainder to bind further viruses. Covalently conjugated Vhh might also trigger the cellular uptake of a liposome-virion complex. To explore the possible ability of the antibody-coated liposomes to have a further function, we encapsulated the hydrophobic antiviral drug dapivirine into both of the non-covalently and covalently conjugated liposome formulations, both of which revealed high efficacy in reducing viral replication in vitro. Thus, dual function liposomes may lead to a novel strategy for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS by combining the neutralizing activity of Vhh with antiviral effects of high drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guido Vanham
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivan Roitt
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
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26
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Seth A, Oh DB, Lim YT. Nanomaterials for enhanced immunity as an innovative paradigm in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:959-75. [PMID: 25867860 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of nanoparticle technology, novel and versatile properties of nanomaterials have been introduced, which has constantly expanded their applications in therapeutics. Introduction of nanomaterials for immunomodulation has opened up new avenues with tremendous potential. Interesting properties of nanoparticles, such as adjuvanticity, capability to enhance cross-presentation, polyvalent presentation, siRNA delivery for silencing of immunesuppressive gene, targeting and imaging of immune cells have been known to have immense utility in vaccination and immunotherapy. A thorough understanding of the merits associated with nanomaterials is crucial for designing of modular and versatile nanovaccines, for improved immune response. With the emerging prerequisites of vaccination, nanomaterial-based immune stimulation, seems to be capable of taking the field of immunization to a next higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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27
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Shao S, Geng J, Yi HA, Gogia S, Neelamegham S, Jacobs A, Lovell JF. Functionalization of cobalt porphyrin-phospholipid bilayers with his-tagged ligands and antigens. Nat Chem 2015; 7:438-46. [PMID: 25901823 PMCID: PMC4408904 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methods to attach polypeptides to lipid bilayers are often indirect and ineffective, and can represent a substantial bottleneck in the formation of functionalized lipid-based materials. Although the polyhistidine tag (his-tag) has been transformative in its simplicity and efficacy in binding to immobilized metals, the successful application of this approach has been challenging in physiological settings. Here we show that lipid bilayers containing porphyrin-phospholipid conjugates that are chelated with cobalt, but not with other metals, can effectively capture his-tagged proteins and peptides. The binding follows a Co(II) to Co(III) transition and occurs within the sheltered hydrophobic bilayer, resulting in an essentially irreversible attachment in serum or in a million fold excess of competing imidazole. Using this approach we anchored homing peptides into the bilayer of preformed and cargo-loaded liposomes to enable tumour targeting without disrupting the bilayer integrity. As a further demonstration, a synthetic protein fragment derived from the human immunodeficiency virus was bound to immunogenic liposomes for potent antibody generation for an otherwise non-antigenic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Jumin Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Hyun Ah Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Shobhit Gogia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Amy Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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28
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Apellániz B, Nieva JL. The Use of Liposomes to Shape Epitope Structure and Modulate Immunogenic Responses of Peptide Vaccines Against HIV MPER. PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN VACCINES 2015; 99:15-54. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Schwendener RA. Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2014; 2:159-82. [PMID: 25364509 DOI: 10.1177/2051013614541440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes and liposome-derived nanovesicles such as archaeosomes and virosomes have become important carrier systems in vaccine development and the interest for liposome-based vaccines has markedly increased. A key advantage of liposomes, archaeosomes and virosomes in general, and liposome-based vaccine delivery systems in particular, is their versatility and plasticity. Liposome composition and preparation can be chosen to achieve desired features such as selection of lipid, charge, size, size distribution, entrapment and location of antigens or adjuvants. Depending on the chemical properties, water-soluble antigens (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, haptens) are entrapped within the aqueous inner space of liposomes, whereas lipophilic compounds (lipopeptides, antigens, adjuvants, linker molecules) are intercalated into the lipid bilayer and antigens or adjuvants can be attached to the liposome surface either by adsorption or stable chemical linking. Coformulations containing different types of antigens or adjuvants can be combined with the parameters mentioned to tailor liposomal vaccines for individual applications. Special emphasis is given in this review to cationic adjuvant liposome vaccine formulations. Examples of vaccines made with CAF01, an adjuvant composed of the synthetic immune-stimulating mycobacterial cordfactor glycolipid trehalose dibehenate as immunomodulator and the cationic membrane forming molecule dimethyl dioctadecylammonium are presented. Other vaccines such as cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDCs) and other adjuvants like muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A and listeriolysin O are mentioned as well. The field of liposomes and liposome-based vaccines is vast. Therefore, this review concentrates on recent and relevant studies emphasizing current reports dealing with the most studied antigens and adjuvants, and pertinent examples of vaccines. Studies on liposome-based veterinary vaccines and experimental therapeutic cancer vaccines are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto A Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Laboratory of Liposome Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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30
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Kim MG, Park JY, Shon Y, Kim G, Shim G, Oh YK. Nanotechnology and vaccine development. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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31
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Martinez-Lopez A, Garcia-Valtanen P, Ortega-Villaizan M, Chico V, Gomez-Casado E, Coll JM, Estepa A. VHSV G glycoprotein major determinants implicated in triggering the host type I IFN antiviral response as DNA vaccine molecular adjuvants. Vaccine 2014; 32:6012-9. [PMID: 25203447 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified the two major determinants of the glycoprotein G of the viral hemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (gpGVHSV), peptides p31 and p33 implicated in triggering the host type I IFN antiviral response associated to these rhabdoviral antigens. With the aim to investigate the properties of these viral glycoprotein regions as DNA molecular adjuvants, their corresponding cDNA sequences were cloned into a plasmid (pMCV1.4) flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane sequences of gpGVHSV. In addition, a plasmid construct encoding both sequences p31 and p33 (pMCV1.4-p31+p33) was also designed. In vitro transitory cell transfection assays showed that these VHSV gpG regions were able to induce the expression of type I IFN stimulated genes as well as to confer resistance to the infection with a different fish rhabdovirus, the spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). In vivo, zebrafish intramuscular injection of only 1μg of the construct pMCV1.4-p31+p33 conferred fish protection against SVCV lethal challenge up to 45 days post-immunization. Moreover, pMCV1.4-p31+p33 construct was assayed for molecular adjuvantcity's for a DNA vaccine against SVCV based in the surface antigen of this virus (pAE6-GSVCV). The results showed that the co-injection of the SVCV DNA vaccine and the molecular adjuvant allowed (i) a ten-fold reduction in the dose of pAE6-Gsvcv without compromising its efficacy (ii) an increase in the duration of protection, and (iii) an increase in the survival rate. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which specific IFN-inducing regions from a viral gpG are used to design more-efficient and cost-effective viral vaccines, as well as to improve our knowledge on how to stimulate the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - V Chico
- IBMC, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | - J M Coll
- INIA-SIGT - Biotecnología, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Estepa
- IBMC, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain.
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32
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Marqués-Gallego P, de Kroon AIPM. Ligation strategies for targeting liposomal nanocarriers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:129458. [PMID: 25126543 PMCID: PMC4122157 DOI: 10.1155/2014/129458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been exploited for pharmaceutical purposes, including diagnostic imaging and drug and gene delivery. The versatility of liposomes as drug carriers has been demonstrated by a variety of clinically approved formulations. Since liposomes were first reported, research of liposomal formulations has progressed to produce improved delivery systems. One example of this progress is stealth liposomes, so called because they are equipped with a PEGylated coating of the liposome bilayer, leading to prolonged blood circulation and improved biodistribution of the liposomal carrier. A growing research area focuses on the preparation of liposomes with the ability of targeting specific tissues. Several strategies to prepare liposomes with active targeting ligands have been developed over the last decades. Herein, several strategies for the functionalization of liposomes are concisely summarized, with emphasis on recently developed technologies for the covalent conjugation of targeting ligands to liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marqués-Gallego
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, H.R. Kruyt Building, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton I. P. M. de Kroon
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, H.R. Kruyt Building, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Pejawar-Gaddy S, Kovacs JM, Barouch DH, Chen B, Irvine DJ. Design of lipid nanocapsule delivery vehicles for multivalent display of recombinant Env trimers in HIV vaccination. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1470-8. [PMID: 25020048 PMCID: PMC4140538 DOI: 10.1021/bc5002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Immunization strategies that elicit
antibodies capable of neutralizing
diverse virus strains will likely be an important part of a successful
vaccine against HIV. However, strategies to promote robust humoral
responses against the native intact HIV envelope trimer structure
are lacking. We recently developed chemically cross-linked lipid nanocapsules
as carriers of molecular adjuvants and encapsulated or surface-displayed
antigens, which promoted follicular helper T-cell responses and elicited
high-avidity, durable antibody responses to a candidate malaria antigen.
To apply this system to the delivery of HIV antigens, Env gp140 trimers
with terminal his-tags (gp140T-his) were anchored to the surface of
lipid nanocapsules via Ni-NTA-functionalized lipids. Initial experiments
revealed that the large (409 kDa), heavily glycosylated trimers were
capable of extracting fluid phase lipids from the membranes of nanocapsules.
Thus, liquid-ordered and/or gel-phase lipid compositions were required
to stably anchor trimers to the particle membranes. Trimer-loaded
nanocapsules combined with the clinically relevant adjuvant monophosphoryl
lipid A primed high-titer antibody responses in mice at antigen doses
ranging from 5 μg to as low as 100 ng, whereas titers dropped
more than 50-fold over the same dose range when soluble trimer was
mixed with a strong oil-in-water adjuvant comparator. Nanocapsule
immunization also broadened the number of distinct epitopes on the
HIV trimer recognized by the antibody response. These results suggest
that nanocapsules displaying HIV trimers in an oriented, multivalent
presentation can promote key aspects of the humoral response against
Env immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Pejawar-Gaddy
- Department of Biological Engineering, #Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and ¶Department of Material Science, Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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34
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Hanson MC, Bershteyn A, Crespo MP, Irvine DJ. Antigen delivery by lipid-enveloped PLGA microparticle vaccines mediated by in situ vesicle shedding. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2475-81. [PMID: 24894061 PMCID: PMC4115588 DOI: 10.1021/bm500337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lipid-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles
(LCMPs) consist of a solid polymer core wrapped by a surface lipid
bilayer. Previous studies demonstrated that immunization with LCMPs
surface-decorated with nanograms of antigen elicit potent humoral
immune responses in mice. However, the mechanism of action for these
vaccines remained unclear, as LCMPs are too large to drain efficiently
to lymph nodes from the vaccination site. Here, we characterized the
stability of the lipid envelope of LCMPs and discovered that in the
presence of serum the lipid coating of the particles spontaneously
delaminates, shedding antigen-displaying vesicles. Lipid delamination
generated 180 nm liposomes in a temperature- and lipid/serum-dependent
manner. Vesicle shedding was restricted by inclusion of high-TM lipids or cholesterol in the LCMP coating.
Administration of LCMPs bearing stabilized lipid envelopes generated
weaker antibody responses than those of shedding-competent LCMPs,
suggesting that in situ release of antigen-loaded
vesicles plays a key role in the remarkable potency of LCMPs as vaccine
adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Hanson
- Department of Biological Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Health Sciences and Technology Program, and ∥David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Schade M, Berti D, Huster D, Herrmann A, Arbuzova A. Lipophilic nucleic acids--a flexible construction kit for organization and functionalization of surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:235-51. [PMID: 24650567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic nucleic acids have become a versatile tool for structuring and functionalization of lipid bilayers and biological membranes as well as cargo vehicles to transport and deliver bioactive compounds, like interference RNA, into cells by taking advantage of reversible hybridization with complementary strands. This contribution reviews the different types of conjugates of lipophilic nucleic acids, and their physicochemical and self-assembly properties. Strategies for choosing a nucleic acid, lipophilic modification, and linker are discussed. Interaction with lipid membranes and its stability, dynamic structure and assembly of lipophilic nucleic acids upon embedding into biological membranes are specific points of the review. A large diversity of conjugates including lipophilic peptide nucleic acid and siRNA provides tailored solutions for specific applications in bio- and nanotechnology as well as in cell biology and medicine, as illustrated through some selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schade
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Debora Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Firenze & CSGI, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniel Huster
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Arbuzova
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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Chemically modified peptides based on the membrane-proximal external region of the HIV-1 envelope induce high-titer, epitope-specific nonneutralizing antibodies in rabbits. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1086-93. [PMID: 24872518 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00320-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) 2F5 and 4E10 bind to the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of gp41 and also cross-react with phospholipids. In this study, we investigated if chemical modifications on the MPER adjacent to 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes using mimetics of inflammation-associated posttranslational modifications to induce 2F5- and 4E10-like bNAbs can break tolerance. We synthesized a series of chemically modified peptides spanning the MPER. The serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in the peptides were modified with sulfate, phosphate, or nitrate moieties and presented in liposomes for rabbit immunizations. All immunizations resulted in high antisera titers directed toward both the modified and unmodified immunogens. Tyrosine modification was observed to significantly suppress antiepitope responses. Sera with strong anti-gp140 titers were purified by affinity chromatography toward the MPER peptide and found to possess a higher affinity toward the MPER than did the bNAbs 2F5 and 4E10. Modest neutralization was observed in the H9 neutralization assay, but neutralization was not observed in the TZM-bl cell or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) neutralization assay platforms. Although neutralizing antibodies were not induced by this approach, we conclude that chemical modifications can increase the immune responses to poorly immunogenic antigens, suggesting that chemical modification in an appropriate immunization protocol should be explored further as an HIV-1 vaccine strategy.
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Kohli AG, Kierstead PH, Venditto VJ, Walsh CL, Szoka FC. Designer lipids for drug delivery: from heads to tails. J Control Release 2014; 190:274-87. [PMID: 24816069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For four decades, liposomes composed of both naturally occurring and synthetic lipids have been investigated as delivery vehicles for low molecular weight and macromolecular drugs. These studies paved the way for the clinical and commercial success of a number of liposomal drugs, each of which required a tailored formulation; one liposome size does not fit all drugs! Instead, the physicochemical properties of the liposome must be matched to the pharmacology of the drug. An extensive biophysical literature demonstrates that varying lipid composition can influence the size, membrane stability, in vivo interactions, and drug release properties of a liposome. In this review we focus on recently described synthetic lipid headgroups, linkers and hydrophobic domains that can provide control over the intermolecular forces, phase preference, and macroscopic behavior of liposomes. These synthetic lipids further our understanding of lipid biophysics, promote targeted drug delivery and improve liposome stability. We further highlight the immune reactivity of novel synthetic headgroups as a key design consideration. For instance it was originally thought that synthetic PEGylated lipids were immunologically inert; however, it's been observed that under certain conditions PEGylated lipids induce humoral immunity. Such immune activation may be a limitation to the use of other engineered lipid headgroups for drug delivery. In addition to the potential immunogenicity of engineered lipids, future investigations on liposome drugs in vivo should pay particular attention to the location and dynamics of payload release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya G Kohli
- The UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Paul H Kierstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Colin L Walsh
- The UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Francis C Szoka
- The UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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You C, Piehler J. Multivalent chelators for spatially and temporally controlled protein functionalization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fox CB, Kramer RM, Barnes V L, Dowling QM, Vedvick TS. Working together: interactions between vaccine antigens and adjuvants. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2014; 1:7-20. [PMID: 24757512 DOI: 10.1177/2051013613480144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of vaccines containing adjuvants has the potential to enhance antibody and cellular immune responses, broaden protective immunity against heterogeneous pathogen strains, enable antigen dose sparing, and facilitate efficacy in immunocompromised populations. Nevertheless, the structural interplay between antigen and adjuvant components is often not taken into account in the published literature. Interactions between antigen and adjuvant formulations should be well characterized to enable optimum vaccine stability and efficacy. This review focuses on the importance of characterizing antigen-adjuvant interactions by summarizing findings involving widely used adjuvant formulation platforms, such as aluminum salts, emulsions, lipid vesicles, and polymer-based particles. Emphasis is placed on the physicochemical basis of antigen-adjuvant associations and the appropriate analytical tools for their characterization, as well as discussing the effects of these interactions on vaccine potency.
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Functionalised Nanoliposomes for Construction of Recombinant Vaccines: Lyme Disease as an Example. MOLECULAR VACCINES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7120364 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00978-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) represent an almost ideal carrier system for the preparation of synthetic vaccines due to their biodegradability and capacity to protect and transport molecules of different physicochemical properties (including size, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and charge). Liposomal carriers can be applied by invasive (e.g. i.m., s.c., i.d.) as well as non-invasive (transdermal and mucosal) routes. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human and veterinary use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and how they stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines – method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties – exert strong effects on the resulting immune response. In this chapter we will discuss some aspects of liposomal vaccines including the effect of novel and emerging immunomodulator incorporation. The application of metallochelating nanoliposomes for development of recombinant vaccine against Lyme disease will be presented as a suitable example.
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Reed SG, Orr MT, Fox CB. Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines. Nat Med 2013; 19:1597-608. [PMID: 24309663 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines containing novel adjuvant formulations are increasingly reaching advanced development and licensing stages, providing new tools to fill previously unmet clinical needs. However, many adjuvants fail during product development owing to factors such as manufacturability, stability, lack of effectiveness, unacceptable levels of tolerability or safety concerns. This Review outlines the potential benefits of adjuvants in current and future vaccines and describes the importance of formulation and mechanisms of action of adjuvants. Moreover, we emphasize safety considerations and other crucial aspects in the clinical development of effective adjuvants that will help facilitate effective next-generation vaccines against devastating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Orr MT, Fox CB, Baldwin SL, Sivananthan SJ, Lucas E, Lin S, Phan T, Moon JJ, Vedvick TS, Reed SG, Coler RN. Adjuvant formulation structure and composition are critical for the development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis. J Control Release 2013; 172:190-200. [PMID: 23933525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One third of the world is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with eight million new cases of active tuberculosis (TB) each year. Development of a new vaccine to augment or replace the only approved TB vaccine, BCG, is needed to control this disease. Mtb infection is primarily controlled by TH1 cells through the production of IFN-γ and TNF which activate infected macrophages to kill the bacterium. Here we examine an array of adjuvant formulations containing the TLR4 agonist GLA to identify candidate adjuvants to pair with ID93, a lead TB vaccine antigen, to elicit protective TH1 responses. We evaluate a variety of adjuvant formulations including alum, liposomes, and oil-in-water emulsions to determine how changes in formulation composition alter adjuvant activity. We find that alum and an aqueous nanosuspension of GLA synergize to enhance generation of ID93-specific TH1 responses, whereas neither on their own are effective adjuvants for generation of ID93-specific TH1 responses. For GLA containing oil-in-water emulsions, the selection of the oil component is critical for adjuvant activity, whereas a variety of lipid components may be used in liposomal formulations of GLA. The composition of the liposome formulation of ID93/GLA does alter the magnitude of the TH1 response. These results demonstrate that there are multiple solutions for an effective formulation of a novel TB vaccine candidate that enhances both TH1 generation and protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle 98104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elyse Lucas
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle 98104, USA
| | - Susan Lin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle 98104, USA
| | - Tony Phan
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle 98104, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle 98104, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle 98104, USA.
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A review of nanotechnological approaches for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6202-28. [PMID: 23726227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment and control of HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges of 21st century. More than 33 million individuals are infected with HIV worldwide and more than 2 million new cases of HIV infection have been reported. The situation demands development of effective prevention strategies to control the pandemic of AIDS. Due to lack of availability of an effective HIV vaccine, antiretroviral drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics like siRNA have been explored for HIV prophylaxis. Clinical trials shave shown that antiretroviral drugs, tenofovir and emtricitabine can offer some degree of HIV prevention. However, complete prevention of HIV infection has not been achieved yet. Nanotechnology has brought a paradigm shift in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of many diseases. The current review discusses potential of various nanocarriers such as dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanocarriers, drug nanocrystals, inorganic nanocarriers and nanofibers in improving efficacy of various modalities available for HIV prophylaxis.
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Forced virus evolution reveals functional crosstalk between the disulfide bonded region and membrane proximal ectodomain region of HIV-1 gp41. Retrovirology 2013; 10:44. [PMID: 23618462 PMCID: PMC3643854 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disulfide-bonded region (DSR) of HIV-1 gp41 mediates association with gp120 and plays a role in transmission of receptor-induced conformational changes in gp120 to gp41 that activate membrane fusion function. In this study, forced viral evolution of a DSR mutant that sheds gp120 was employed to identify domains within gp120-gp41 that are functionally linked to the glycoprotein association site. Results The HIV-1AD8 mutant, W596L/K601D, was serially passaged in U87.CD4.CCR5 cells until replication was restored. Whereas the W596L mutation persisted throughout the cultures, a D601H pseudoreversion in the DSR partially restored cell-free virus infectivity and virion gp120-gp41 association, with further improvements to cell-free virus infectivity following a 2nd-site D674E mutation in the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of gp41. In an independent culture, D601H appeared with a deletion in V4 (Thr-394-Trp-395) and a D674N substitution in the MPER, however this MPER mutation was inhibitory to W596L/K601H cell-free virus infectivity. While cell-free virus infectivity was not fully restored for the revertant genotypes, their cell-to-cell transmission approached the levels observed for WT. Interestingly, the functional boost associated with the addition of D674E to W596L/K601H was not observed for cell-cell fusion where the cell-surface expressed glycoproteins function independently of virion assembly. The W596L/K601H and W596L/K601H/D674E viruses exhibited greater sensitivity to neutralization by the broadly reactive MPER directed monoclonal antibodies, 2F5 and 4E10, indicating that the reverting mutations increase the availability of conserved neutralization epitopes in the MPER. Conclusions The data indicate for the first time that functional crosstalk between the DSR and MPER operates in the context of assembled virions, with the Leu-596-His-601-Glu-674 combination optimizing viral spread via the cell-to-cell route. Our data also indicate that changes in the gp120-gp41 association site may increase the exposure of conserved MPER neutralization epitopes in virus.
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Rational design of membrane proximal external region lipopeptides containing chemical modifications for HIV-1 vaccination. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 20:39-45. [PMID: 23114698 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00615-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inability to generate broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses to the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 using current vaccine strategies has hampered efforts to prevent the spread of HIV. To address this challenge, we investigated a novel hypothesis to help improve the anti-MPER antibody response. Guided by structural insights and the unique lipid reactivity of anti-MPER bnAbs, we considered whether amino acid side chain modifications that emulate hydrophilic phospholipid head groups could contribute to the generation of 2F5-like or 4E10-like neutralizing anti-MPER antibodies. To test this hypothesis, we generated a series of chemically modified MPER immunogens through derivatization of amino acid side chains with phosphate or nitrate groups. We evaluated the binding affinity of the chemically modified peptides to their cognate monoclonal antibodies, 2F5 and 4E10, using surface plasmon resonance. The modifications had little effect on binding to the antibodies and did not influence epitope secondary structure when presented in liposomes. We selected five of the chemically modified sequences to immunize rabbits and found that an immunogen containing both the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes and a phosphorylated threonine at T676 elicited the highest anti-peptide IgG titers, although the high antipeptide titers did not confer higher neutralizing activity. These data indicate that side chain modifications adjacent to known neutralizing antibody epitopes are capable of eliciting antibody responses to the MPER but that these chemically modified gp41 epitopes do not induce neutralizing antibodies.
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Křupka M, Mašek J, Bartheldyová E, Turánek Knötigová P, Plocková J, Korvasová Z, Škrabalová M, Koudelka Š, Kulich P, Zachová K, Czerneková L, Strouhal O, Horynová M, Šebela M, Miller AD, Ledvina M, Raška M, Turánek J. Enhancement of immune response towards non-lipidized Borrelia burgdorferi recombinant OspC antigen by binding onto the surface of metallochelating nanoliposomes with entrapped lipophilic derivatives of norAbuMDP. J Control Release 2012; 160:374-81. [PMID: 22387453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease caused by spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is a tick-born illness. If the infection is not eliminated by the host immune system and/or antibiotics, it may further disseminate and cause severe chronic complications. The immune response to Borrelia is mediated by phagocytic cells and by Borrelia-specific complement-activating antibodies associated with Th1 cell activation. A new experimental vaccine was constructed using non-lipidized form of recombinant B. burgdorferi s.s. OspC protein was anchored by metallochelating bond onto the surface of nanoliposomes containing novel nonpyrogenic lipophilized norAbuMDP analogues denoted MT05 and MT06. After i.d. immunization, the experimental vaccines surpassed Alum with respect to OspC-specific titers of IgG2a, IgG2b isotypes when MT06 was used and IgG3, IgM isotypes when MT05 was used. Both adjuvants exerted a high adjuvant effect comparable or better than MDP and proved themselves as nonpyrogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Křupka
- Department of Immunology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Watson DS, Endsley AN, Huang L. Design considerations for liposomal vaccines: influence of formulation parameters on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to liposome associated antigens. Vaccine 2012; 30:2256-72. [PMID: 22306376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) are versatile and robust delivery systems for induction of antibody and T lymphocyte responses to associated subunit antigens. In the last 15 years, liposome vaccine technology has matured and now several vaccines containing liposome-based adjuvants have been approved for human use or have reached late stages of clinical evaluation. Given the intensifying interest in liposome-based vaccines, it is important to understand precisely how liposomes interact with the immune system and stimulate immunity. It has become clear that the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines - method of antigen attachment, lipid composition, bilayer fluidity, particle charge, and other properties - exert dramatic effects on the resulting immune response. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties of liposomal vaccines and how they influence immune responses. A discussion of novel and emerging immunomodulators that are suitable for inclusion in liposomal vaccines is also presented. Through a comprehensive analysis of the body of liposomal vaccine literature, we enumerate a series of principles that can guide the rational design of liposomal vaccines to elicit immune responses of a desired magnitude and quality. We also identify major unanswered questions in the field, pointing the direction for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Watson
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, 140 Research Drive, Harrisonburg, VA 22802, United States. [corrected]
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Wadhwa S, Jain A, Woodward JG, Mumper RJ. Lipid nanocapsule as vaccine carriers for his-tagged proteins: evaluation of antigen-specific immune responses to HIV I His-Gag p41 and systemic inflammatory responses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:315-22. [PMID: 22068049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design novel nanocapsules (NCs) with surface-chelated nickel (Ni-NCs) as a vaccine delivery system for histidine (His)-tagged protein antigens. Ni-NCs were characterized for binding His-tagged model proteins through high-affinity non-covalent interactions. The mean diameter and zeta potential of the optimized Ni-NCs were 214.9 nm and -14.8 mV, respectively. The optimal binding ratio of His-tagged Green Fluorescent Protein (His-GFP) and His-tagged HIV-1 Gag p41 (His-Gag p41) to the Ni-NCs was 1:221 and 1:480 w/w, respectively. Treatment of DC2.4 cells with Ni-NCs did not result in significant loss in the cell viability up to 24h (<5%). We further evaluated the antibody response of the Ni-NCs using His-Gag p41 as a model antigen. Formulations were administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice at day 0 (prime) and 14 (boost) followed by serum collection on day 28. Serum His-Gag p41-specific antibody levels were found to be significantly higher at 1 and 0.5 μg doses of Gag p41-His-Ni-NCs (His-Gag p41 equivalent) compared with His-Gag p41 (1 μg) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (AH). The serum IgG2a levels induced by Gag p41-His-Ni-NCs (1 μg) were significantly higher than AH adjuvanted His-Gag p41. The Ni-NCs alone did not result in the elevation of systemic IL-12/p40 and CCL5/RANTES inflammatory cytokine levels upon subcutaneous administration in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, the proposed Ni-NCs can bind His-tagged proteins and have the potential to be used as antigen delivery system capable of generating strong antigen-specific antibodies at doses much lower than with aluminum-based adjuvant and causing no significant elevation of systemic pro-inflammatory IL-12/p40 and CCL5/RANTES cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Wadhwa
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7355, United States
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