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Bahlmann LC, Xue C, Chin AA, Skirzynska A, Lu J, Thériault B, Uehling D, Yerofeyeva Y, Peters R, Liu K, Chen J, Martel AL, Yaffe M, Al-Awar R, Goswami RS, Ylanko J, Andrews DW, Kuruvilla J, Laister RC, Shoichet MS. Targeting tumour-associated macrophages in hodgkin lymphoma using engineered extracellular matrix-mimicking cryogels. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122121. [PMID: 37075613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages are linked with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma; however, there are no suitable preclinical models to identify macrophage-targeting therapeutics. We used primary human tumours to guide the development of a mimetic cryogel, wherein Hodgkin (but not Non-Hodgkin) lymphoma cells promoted primary human macrophage invasion. In an invasion inhibitor screen, we identified five drug hits that significantly reduced tumour-associated macrophage invasion: marimastat, batimastat, AS1517499, ruxolitinib, and PD-169316. Importantly, ruxolitinib has demonstrated recent success in Hodgkin lymphoma clinical trials. Both ruxolitinib and PD-169316 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor) decreased the percent of M2-like macrophages; however, only PD-169316 enhanced the percentage of M1-like macrophages. We validated p38 MAPK as an anti-invasion drug target with five additional drugs using a high-content imaging platform. With our biomimetic cryogel, we modeled macrophage invasion in Hodgkin lymphoma and then used it for target discovery and drug screening, ultimately identifying potential future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Bahlmann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, 160 College St, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Chang Xue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, 160 College St, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Allysia A Chin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, 160 College St, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Arianna Skirzynska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, 160 College St, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Joy Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, 160 College St, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Brigitte Thériault
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Yulia Yerofeyeva
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Rachel Peters
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Kela Liu
- Biomarker Imaging Research Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St Suite 15-701, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Anne L Martel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St Suite 15-701, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada; Physical Sciences, Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Martin Yaffe
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St Suite 15-701, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada; Physical Sciences, Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rashmi S Goswami
- Biological Sciences, Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jarkko Ylanko
- Biological Sciences, Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St Suite 15-701, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada; Biological Sciences, Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John Kuruvilla
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Rob C Laister
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada.
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, 160 College St, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Nam JH, Cha B, Park JY, Abekura F, Kim CH, Kim JR. Mitogen-Induced Interferon Gamma Production in Human Whole Blood: The Effect of Heat and Cations. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:562-572. [PMID: 31132974 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190528093432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests used to measure the amount of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released by T lymphocytes after stimulation by antigens specific for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. A mitogen serves as a positive control to assess the immune function in IGRAs. METHODS This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate IFN-γ production by human whole blood stimulated with heat-treated and/or cation-supplemented phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Kit ELISA tests. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of PWM, Con A and PHA for IGRAs were 2 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL, respectively. The results showed that IFN-γ production in response to PWM was the highest and PHA was the lowest amount. The median values of three mitogens were in the following order: PWM≥Con A≥ positive control>>PHA-P>>negative control. PWM and PHA were heat stable, while Con A was heat sensitive. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to untreated or heat-treated PWM and heat-treated Con A was increased in 1 mM Ca2+-supplemented groups, whereas the response to heat-treated PHA was decreased. Exposure to 1 mM Mg2+ had no effect on untreated or heat-treated PWM, and a concentration of 1 mM Zn2+ inhibited the stimulation of un-treated PWM. We found that calcium supplementation improved the PWM-induced production of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Therefore, PWM is an appropriate mitogen for use as a positive control in IGRAs. It is a potential indicator of cytokine production in the diagnostic as well as research settings, and calcium supplementation improved stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Nam
- Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, 168-5 Osongsaengmyeong4-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28158, Korea.,Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Bomi Cha
- Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, 168-5 Osongsaengmyeong4-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28158, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do 16419, Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do 16419, Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do 16419, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ran Kim
- Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, 168-5 Osongsaengmyeong4-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28158, Korea
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Laplante P, Amireault P, Subang R, Dieudé M, Levine JS, Rauch J. Interaction of β2-glycoprotein I with lipopolysaccharide leads to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent activation of macrophages. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42494-42503. [PMID: 21965665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.230383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β(2)-Glycoprotein I (β(2)GPI) is an abundant plasma protein that binds to the surface of cells and particles expressing negatively charged lipids, but its physiological role remains unknown. Antibodies to β(2)GPI are found in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease associated with vascular thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Although it has been suggested that anti-β(2)GPI antibodies activate endothelial cells and monocytes by signaling through TLR4, it is unclear how anti-β(2)GPI antibodies and/or β(2)GPI interact with TLR4. A number of mammalian proteins (termed "endogenous Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands") have been reported to bind to TLR4, but, in most cases, subsequent studies have shown that LPS interaction with these proteins is responsible for TLR activation. We hypothesized that, like other endogenous TLR ligands, β(2)GPI interacts specifically with LPS and that this interaction is responsible for apparent TLR4 activation by β(2)GPI. Here, we show that both LPS and TLR4 are required for β(2)GPI to bind to and activate macrophages. Untreated β(2)GPI stimulated TNF-α production in TLR4-sufficient (but not TLR4-deficient) macrophages. In contrast, neither polymyxin B-treated nor delipidated β(2)GPI stimulated TNF-α production. Furthermore, β(2)GPI bound to LPS in a specific and dose-dependent manner. Finally, untreated β(2)GPI bound to the surface of TLR4-sufficient (but not TLR4-deficient) macrophages. Polymyxin B treatment of β(2)GPI abolished macrophage binding. Our findings suggest a potential new biological activity for β(2)GPI as a protein that interacts specifically with LPS and point to the need to evaluate newly discovered endogenous TLR ligands for potential interactions with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Laplante
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Rebecca Subang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jerrold S Levine
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60680; Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Joyce Rauch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
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