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De Niz M, Frachon E, Gobaa S, Bastin P. Spatial confinement of Trypanosoma brucei in microfluidic traps provides a new tool to study free swimming parasites. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296257. [PMID: 38134042 PMCID: PMC10745224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis and is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). All stages of this extracellular parasite possess a single flagellum that is attached to the cell body and confers a high degree of motility. While several stages are amenable to culture in vitro, longitudinal high-resolution imaging of free-swimming parasites has been challenging, mostly due to the rapid flagellar beating that constantly twists the cell body. Here, using microfabrication, we generated various microfluidic devices with traps of different geometrical properties. Investigation of trap topology allowed us to define the one most suitable for single T. brucei confinement within the field of view of an inverted microscope while allowing the parasite to remain motile. Chips populated with V-shaped traps allowed us to investigate various phenomena in cultured procyclic stage wild-type parasites, and to compare them with parasites whose motility was altered upon knockdown of a paraflagellar rod component. Among the properties that we investigated were trap invasion, parasite motility, and the visualization of organelles labelled with fluorescent dyes. We envisage that this tool we have named "Tryp-Chip" will be a useful tool for the scientific community, as it could allow high-throughput, high-temporal and high-spatial resolution imaging of free-swimming T. brucei parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Niz
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1201, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Frachon
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Samy Gobaa
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1201, Paris, France
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2
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Zhou Q, Hu H, Li Z. KLIF-associated cytoskeletal proteins in Trypanosoma brucei regulate cytokinesis by promoting cleavage furrow positioning and ingression. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101943. [PMID: 35447115 PMCID: PMC9117871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis in the early divergent protozoan Trypanosoma brucei occurs from the anterior cell tip of the new-flagellum daughter toward the nascent posterior end of the old-flagellum daughter of a dividing biflagellated cell. The cleavage furrow ingresses unidirectionally along the preformed cell division fold and is regulated by an orphan kinesin named kinesin localized to the ingressing furrow (KLIF) that localizes to the leading edge of the ingressing furrow. Little is known about how furrow ingression is controlled by KLIF and whether KLIF interacts with and cooperates with other cytokinesis regulatory proteins to promote furrow ingression. Here, we investigated the roles of KLIF in cleavage furrow ingression and identified a cohort of KLIF-associated cytoskeletal proteins as essential cytokinesis regulators. By genetic complementation, we demonstrated the requirement of the kinesin motor activity, but not the putative tropomyosin domain, of KLIF in promoting furrow ingression. We further showed that depletion of KLIF impaired the resolution of the nascent posterior of the old-flagellar daughter cell, thereby stalking cleavage furrow ingression at late stages of cytokinesis. Through proximity biotinylation, we identified a subset of cytoskeleton-associated proteins (CAPs) as KLIF-proximal proteins, and functional characterization of these cytoskeletal proteins revealed the essential roles of CAP46 and CAP52 in positioning the cleavage furrow and the crucial roles of CAP42 and CAP50 in promoting cleavage furrow ingression. Together, these results identified multiple cytoskeletal proteins as cytokinesis regulators and uncovered their essential and distinct roles in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziyin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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3
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Andrade GC, Silva LFC, Oliveira DMP, Pires JRM, Almeida FCL, Anobom CD. Backbone and side chain 1H, 15N and 13C assignments of a putative peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP12 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2019; 13:239-243. [PMID: 30879170 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-019-09884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
FK506 Binding Proteins (FKBPs) are a family of highly conserved and important proteins that possess a peptidyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIases) domain. Human FKBP12 is a prototype of this family and it is involved in many diseases due to its interaction with the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and rapamycin. They inhibit calcineurin and mTOR complex, respectively, leading to parasite death by inhibiting cell proliferation through cytokinesis blockade being an important target to find new drugs. Tuberculosis is a disease that causes important impacts on public health worldwide. In this context, MtFKBP12 is a putative peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and here we report the NMR chemical shift assignment for 1H, 15N and 13C nuclei in the backbone and side chains of the MtFKBP12. This lays the foundation for further structural studies, backbone dynamics, mapping of interactions and drug screening and development. We have found through the NMR spectrum that the protein is well folded with narrow peaks and almost none overlap in 15N-HSQC. Prediction of secondary structure using Talos-N server showed great similarity with other proteins from this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Caldas Andrade
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS/Anexo CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-920, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Correa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS/Anexo CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-920, Brazil
| | - Danielle Maria Perpétua Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS/Anexo CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-920, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo M Pires
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM), National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS/Anexo CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-920, Brazil
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM), National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS/Anexo CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-920, Brazil.
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Dinis Anobom
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS/Anexo CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-920, Brazil.
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Bonnefoy S, Watson CM, Kernohan KD, Lemos M, Hutchinson S, Poulter JA, Crinnion LA, Berry I, Simmonds J, Vasudevan P, O'Callaghan C, Hirst RA, Rutman A, Huang L, Hartley T, Grynspan D, Moya E, Li C, Carr IM, Bonthron DT, Leroux M, Boycott KM, Bastin P, Sheridan EG. Biallelic Mutations in LRRC56, Encoding a Protein Associated with Intraflagellar Transport, Cause Mucociliary Clearance and Laterality Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:727-739. [PMID: 30388400 PMCID: PMC6218757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary defects in motile cilia result in dysfunction of the apparatus responsible for generating fluid flows. Defects in these mechanisms underlie disorders characterized by poor mucus clearance, resulting in susceptibility to chronic recurrent respiratory infections, often associated with infertility; laterality defects occur in about 50% of such individuals. Here we report biallelic variants in LRRC56 (known as oda8 in Chlamydomonas) identified in three unrelated families. The phenotype comprises laterality defects and chronic pulmonary infections. High-speed video microscopy of cultured epithelial cells from an affected individual showed severely dyskinetic cilia but no obvious ultra-structural abnormalities on routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further investigation revealed that LRRC56 interacts with the intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein IFT88. The link with IFT was interrogated in Trypanosoma brucei. In this protist, LRRC56 is recruited to the cilium during axoneme construction, where it co-localizes with IFT trains and is required for the addition of dynein arms to the distal end of the flagellum. In T. brucei carrying LRRC56-null mutations, or a variant resulting in the p.Leu259Pro substitution corresponding to the p.Leu140Pro variant seen in one of the affected families, we observed abnormal ciliary beat patterns and an absence of outer dynein arms restricted to the distal portion of the axoneme. Together, our findings confirm that deleterious variants in LRRC56 result in a human disease and suggest that this protein has a likely role in dynein transport during cilia assembly that is evolutionarily important for cilia motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Bonnefoy
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christopher M Watson
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kristin D Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Moara Lemos
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Hutchinson
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - James A Poulter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Laura A Crinnion
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ian Berry
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jennifer Simmonds
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Chris O'Callaghan
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; Respiratory, Critical Care & Anaesthesia, Institute of Child Health, University College London & Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Lijia Huang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Eduardo Moya
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 6R, UK
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ian M Carr
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David T Bonthron
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michel Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Eamonn G Sheridan
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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Fort C, Bonnefoy S, Kohl L, Bastin P. Intraflagellar transport is required for the maintenance of the trypanosome flagellum composition but not its length. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3026-41. [PMID: 27343245 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for construction of most cilia and flagella. Here, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and live video microscopy to show that IFT is absent or arrested in the mature flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei upon RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of IFT88 and IFT140, respectively. Flagella assembled prior to RNAi did not shorten, showing that IFT is not essential for the maintenance of flagella length. Although the ultrastructure of the axoneme was not visibly affected, flagellar beating was strongly reduced and the distribution of several flagellar components was drastically modified. The R subunit of the protein kinase A was no longer concentrated in the flagellum but was largely found in the cell body whereas the kinesin 9B motor was accumulating at the distal tip of the flagellum. In contrast, the distal tip protein FLAM8 was dispersed along the flagellum. This reveals that IFT also functions in maintaining the distribution of some flagellar proteins after construction of the organelle is completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fort
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Cellule Pasteur-UPMC, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Serge Bonnefoy
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Linda Kohl
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR7245), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France
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Yau WL, Pescher P, MacDonald A, Hem S, Zander D, Retzlaff S, Blisnick T, Rotureau B, Rosenqvist H, Wiese M, Bastin P, Clos J, Späth GF. The Leishmania donovani chaperone cyclophilin 40 is essential for intracellular infection independent of its stage-specific phosphorylation status. Mol Microbiol 2014; 93:80-97. [PMID: 24811325 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During its life cycle, the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani is exposed to contrasting environments inside insect vector and vertebrate host, to which the parasite must adapt for extra- and intracellular survival. Combining null mutant analysis with phosphorylation site-specific mutagenesis and functional complementation we genetically tested the requirement of the L. donovani chaperone cyclophilin 40 (LdCyP40) for infection. Targeted replacement of LdCyP40 had no effect on parasite viability, axenic amastigote differentiation, and resistance to various forms of environmental stress in culture, suggesting important functional redundancy to other parasite chaperones. However, ultrastructural analyses and video microscopy of cyp40-/- promastigotes uncovered important defects in cell shape, organization of the subpellicular tubulin network and motility at stationary growth phase. More importantly, cyp40-/- parasites were unable to establish intracellular infection in murine macrophages and were eliminated during the first 24 h post infection. Surprisingly, cyp40-/- infectivity was restored in complemented parasites expressing a CyP40 mutant of the unique S274 phosphorylation site. Together our data reveal non-redundant CyP40 functions in parasite cytoskeletal remodelling relevant for the development of infectious parasites in vitro independent of its phosphorylation status, and provide a framework for the genetic analysis of Leishmania-specific phosphorylation sites and their role in regulating parasite protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Lok Yau
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France; Clos Group (Leishmanasis), Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, D-20359, Hamburg, Germany
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