1
|
Sinha D, Ivan D, Gibbs E, Chetluru M, Goss J, Chen Q. Fission yeast polycystin Pkd2p promotes cell size expansion and antagonizes the Hippo-related SIN pathway. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274457. [PMID: 35099006 PMCID: PMC8919332 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystins are conserved mechanosensitive channels whose mutations lead to the common human renal disorder autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Previously, we discovered that the plasma membrane-localized fission yeast polycystin homolog Pkd2p is an essential protein required for cytokinesis; however, its role remains unclear. Here, we isolated a novel temperature-sensitive pkd2 mutant, pkd2-B42. Among the strong growth defects of this mutant, the most striking was that many mutant cells often lost a significant portion of their volume in just 5 min followed by a gradual recovery, a process that we termed 'deflation'. Unlike cell lysis, deflation did not result in plasma membrane rupture and occurred independently of cell cycle progression. The tip extension of pkd2-B42 cells was 80% slower than that of wild-type cells, and their turgor pressure was 50% lower. Both pkd2-B42 and the hypomorphic depletion mutant pkd2-81KD partially rescued mutants of the septation initiation network (SIN), a yeast Hippo-related signaling pathway, by preventing cell lysis, enhancing septum formation and doubling the number of Sid2p and Mob1p molecules at the spindle pole bodies. We conclude that Pkd2p promotes cell size expansion during interphase by regulating turgor pressure and antagonizes the SIN during cytokinesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debatrayee Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Denisa Ivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ellie Gibbs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Madhurya Chetluru
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - John Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA,Author for correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rich-Robinson J, Russell A, Mancini E, Das M. Cdc42 reactivation at growth sites is regulated by local cell-cycle-dependent loss of its GTPase-activating protein Rga4 in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272049. [PMID: 34523683 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In fission yeast, polarized cell growth stops during division and resumes after cytokinesis completes and cells separate. It is unclear how growth reactivation is timed to occur immediately after cell separation. We uncoupled these sequential events by delaying cytokinesis with a temporary Latrunculin A treatment. Mitotic cells recovering from treatment initiate end growth during septation, displaying a polar elongation simultaneous with septation (PrESS) phenotype. PrESS cell ends reactivate Cdc42, a major regulator of polarized growth, during septation, but at a fixed time after anaphase B. A candidate screen implicates Rga4, a negative regulator of Cdc42, in this process. We show that Rga4 appears punctate at the cell sides during G2, but is diffuse during mitosis, extending to the ends. Although the Morphogenesis Orb6 (MOR) pathway is known to promote cell separation and growth by activating protein synthesis, we find that, for polarized growth, removal of Rga4 from the ends is also necessary. Therefore, we propose that growth resumes after division once the MOR pathway is activated and the ends lose Rga4 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rich-Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Afton Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Eleanor Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Maitreyi Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keller M, Dubois F, Teulier S, Martin APJ, Levallet J, Maille E, Brosseau S, Elie N, Hergovich A, Bergot E, Camonis J, Zalcman G, Levallet G. NDR2 kinase contributes to cell invasion and cytokinesis defects induced by the inactivation of RASSF1A tumor-suppressor gene in lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:158. [PMID: 30979377 PMCID: PMC6461807 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background RASSF1A, a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently inactivated in lung cancer leading to a YAP-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Such effects are partly due to the inactivation of the anti-migratory RhoB GTPase via the inhibitory phosphorylation of GEF-H1, the GDP/GTP exchange factor for RhoB. However, the kinase responsible for RhoB/GEF-H1 inactivation in RASSF1A-depleted cells remained unknown. Methods NDR1/2 inactivation by siRNA or shRNA effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, xenograft formation and growth in SCID−/− Beige mice, apoptosis, proliferation, cytokinesis, YAP/TAZ activation were investigated upon RASSF1A loss in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Results We demonstrate here that depletion of the YAP-kinases NDR1/2 reverts migration and metastatic properties upon RASSF1A loss in HBEC. We show that NDR2 interacts directly with GEF-H1 (which contains the NDR phosphorylation consensus motif HXRXXS/T), leading to GEF-H1 phosphorylation. We further report that the RASSF1A/NDR2/GEF-H1/RhoB/YAP axis is involved in proper cytokinesis in human bronchial cells, since chromosome proper segregation are NDR-dependent upon RASSF1A or GEF-H1 loss in HBEC. Conclusion To summarize, our data support a model in which, upon RASSF1A silencing, NDR2 gets activated, phosphorylates and inactivates GEF-H1, leading to RhoB inactivation. This cascade induced by RASSF1A loss in bronchial cells is responsible for metastasis properties, YAP activation and cytokinesis defects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1145-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Keller
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR 1086 INSERM, F-14032, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France.,Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, CHU de Caen, F-14033, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Teulier
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Alexandre P J Martin
- U830 INSERM, "Génétique et Biologie des cancers" Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR 1086 INSERM, F-14032, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR 1086 INSERM, F-14032, Caen, France.,Normandie University, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA-2608, F-14032, Caen, France.,Service d'oncologie thoracique, CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, SFR ICORE, Plateau CMABio3, F-14032, Caen, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France.,Service de Pneumologie-Oncologie thoracique, CHU de Caen, F-14033, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Camonis
- U830 INSERM, "Génétique et Biologie des cancers" Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- U830 INSERM, "Génétique et Biologie des cancers" Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Service d'oncologie thoracique, CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Avenue H.Becquerel- 14074, F-14000, Caen, France. .,Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, CHU de Caen, F-14033, Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Willet AH, DeWitt AK, Beckley JR, Clifford DM, Gould KL. NDR Kinase Sid2 Drives Anillin-like Mid1 from the Membrane to Promote Cytokinesis and Medial Division Site Placement. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1055-1063.e2. [PMID: 30853434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In animals and fungi, cytokinesis is facilitated by the constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring (CR) [1]. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the CR forms mid-cell during mitosis from clusters of proteins at the medial cell cortex called nodes [2]. The anillin-like protein Mid1 localizes to nodes and is required for CR assembly at mid-cell [3]. When CR constriction begins, Mid1 leaves the division site. How Mid1 disassociates and whether this step is important for cytokinetic progression has been unknown. The septation initiation network (SIN), analogous to the Hippo pathway of multicellular organisms, is a signaling cascade that triggers node dispersal, CR assembly and constriction, and septum formation [4, 5]. We report that the terminal SIN kinase, Sid2 [6], phosphorylates Mid1 to drive its removal from the cortex at CR constriction onset. A Mid1 mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by Sid2 remains cortical during cytokinesis, over-accumulates in interphase nodes following cell division in a manner dependent on the SAD kinase Cdr2, advances the G2/M transition, precociously recruits other CR components to nodes, pulls Cdr2 aberrantly into the CR, and reduces rates of CR maturation and constriction. When combined with cdr2 mutants that affect node assembly or disassembly, gross defects in division site positioning result. Our findings identify Mid1 as a key Sid2 substrate for SIN-mediated remodeling of the division site for efficient cytokinesis and provide evidence that nodes serve to integrate signals coordinating cell cycle progression and cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ashley K DeWitt
- Grand Valley State University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Janel R Beckley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dawn M Clifford
- Grand Valley State University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwon L, Magee EM, Crayton A, Goss JW. Fission yeast type 2 node proteins Blt1p and Gef2p cooperate to ensure timely completion of cytokinesis. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:1. [PMID: 31041892 PMCID: PMC6446504 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conserved NDR-family kinase Sid2p localizes to the contractile ring during fission yeast cytokinesis to promote ring constriction, septation, and completion of cell division. Previous studies have found that the Type 2 interphase node proteins Blt1p and Gef2p contribute to localization of Sid2p and its regulatory protein Mob1p at the division site. However, their relative contributions and whether they operate in the same or parallel pathways has been unclear. In this study, we quantify the respective roles of Blt1p and Gef2p in Sid2p/Mob1p recruitment and characterize the effect of single and double deletion mutants on contractile ring dynamics and completion of cell division. Results Using quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy, we measured Sid2p and Mob1p recruitment to the division site in blt1∆, gef2∆, and blt1∆/gef2∆ mutant cells. We observed an equivalent decrease in Sid2p/Mob1p localization for both single and double mutants. Though assembly of the contractile ring is normal in these mutants, the reduction in Sid2p/Mob1p at the division site delayed the onset of contractile ring constriction and completion of division. We quantified localization of Blt1p and Gef2p at the medial cortex throughout the cell cycle and found that Blt1p localization to interphase nodes and the contractile ring is independent of Gef2p. However, Gef2p localization to the contractile ring is decreased in blt1∆ mutants. Conclusions Blt1p and Gef2p work in the same pathway, rather than in parallel, to localize the NDR-family kinase Sid2p and its regulatory partner Mob1p to the division site, thereby promoting timely completion of cell division. Future studies are necessary to understand how additional fission yeast cytokinesis proteins work with these Type 2 interphase node components to promote Sid2p/Mob1p recruitment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0182-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lois Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Emma M Magee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Alexis Crayton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - John W Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brace JL, Doerfler MD, Weiss EL. A cell separation checkpoint that enforces the proper order of late cytokinetic events. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:150-170. [PMID: 30455324 PMCID: PMC6314563 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell division requires dependency relationships in which late processes commence only after early ones are appropriately completed. We have discovered a system that blocks late events of cytokinesis until early ones are successfully accomplished. In budding yeast, cytokinetic actomyosin ring contraction and membrane ingression are coupled with deposition of an extracellular septum that is selectively degraded in its primary septum immediately after its completion by secreted enzymes. We find this secretion event is linked to septum completion and forestalled when the process is slowed. Delay of septum degradation requires Fir1, an intrinsically disordered protein localized to the cytokinesis site that is degraded upon septum completion but stabilized when septation is aberrant. Fir1 protects cytokinesis in part by inhibiting a separation-specific exocytosis function of the NDR/LATS kinase Cbk1, a key component of "hippo" signaling that induces mother-daughter separation. We term this system enforcement of cytokinesis order, a checkpoint ensuring proper temporal sequence of mechanistically incompatible processes of cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Brace
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Matthew D Doerfler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Eric L Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Léger H, Santana E, Leu NA, Smith ET, Beltran WA, Aguirre GD, Luca FC. Ndr kinases regulate retinal interneuron proliferation and homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12544. [PMID: 30135513 PMCID: PMC6105603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ndr2/Stk38l encodes a protein kinase associated with the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and is mutated in a naturally-occurring canine early retinal degeneration (erd). To elucidate the retinal functions of Ndr2 and its paralog Ndr1/Stk38, we generated Ndr1 and Ndr2 single knockout mice. Although retinal lamination appeared normal in these mice, Ndr deletion caused a subset of Pax6-positive amacrine cells to proliferate in differentiated retinas, while concurrently decreasing the number of GABAergic, HuD and Pax6-positive amacrine cells. Retinal transcriptome analyses revealed that Ndr2 deletion increased expression of neuronal stress genes and decreased expression of synaptic organization genes. Consistent with the latter, Ndr deletion dramatically reduced levels of Aak1, an Ndr substrate that regulates vesicle trafficking. Our findings indicate that Ndr kinases are important regulators of amacrine and photoreceptor cells and suggest that Ndr kinases inhibit the proliferation of a subset of terminally differentiated cells and modulate interneuron synapse function via Aak1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Léger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evelyn Santana
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eliot T Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William A Beltran
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Division of Experimental Retinal Therapies, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Francis C Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hayles J, Nurse P. Introduction to Fission Yeast as a Model System. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2018; 2018:pdb.top079749. [PMID: 28733415 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top079749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we briefly outline the history of fission yeast, its life cycle, and aspects of its biology that make it a useful model organism for studying problems of eukaryotic molecular and cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Hayles
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Nurse
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nuñez I, Rodriguez Pino M, Wiley DJ, Das ME, Chen C, Goshima T, Kume K, Hirata D, Toda T, Verde F. Spatial control of translation repression and polarized growth by conserved NDR kinase Orb6 and RNA-binding protein Sts5. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27474797 PMCID: PMC5011436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins contribute to the formation of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules by phase transition, but regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Conserved fission yeast NDR (Nuclear Dbf2-Related) kinase Orb6 governs cell morphogenesis in part by spatially controlling Cdc42 GTPase. Here we describe a novel, independent function for Orb6 kinase in negatively regulating the recruitment of RNA-binding protein Sts5 into RNPs to promote polarized cell growth. We find that Orb6 kinase inhibits Sts5 recruitment into granules, its association with processing (P) bodies, and degradation of Sts5-bound mRNAs by promoting Sts5 interaction with 14-3-3 protein Rad24. Many Sts5-bound mRNAs encode essential factors for polarized cell growth, and Orb6 kinase spatially and temporally controls the extent of Sts5 granule formation. Disruption of this control system affects cell morphology and alters the pattern of polarized cell growth, revealing a role for Orb6 kinase in the spatial control of translational repression that enables normal cell morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illyce Nuñez
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Marbelys Rodriguez Pino
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - David J Wiley
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Maitreyi E Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Tetsuya Goshima
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kume
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dai Hirata
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Toda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvia Verde
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pérez P, Cortés JCG, Martín-García R, Ribas JC. Overview of fission yeast septation. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1201-7. [PMID: 27155541 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final process of the vegetative cycle, which divides a cell into two independent daughter cells once mitosis is completed. In fungi, as in animal cells, cytokinesis requires the formation of a cleavage furrow originated by constriction of an actomyosin ring which is connected to the plasma membrane and causes its invagination. Additionally, because fungal cells have a polysaccharide cell wall outside the plasma membrane, cytokinesis requires the formation of a septum coincident with the membrane ingression. Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a unicellular, rod-shaped fungus that has become a popular model organism for the study of actomyosin ring formation and constriction during cell division. Here we review the current knowledge of the septation and separation processes in this fungus, as well as recent advances in understanding the functional interaction between the transmembrane enzymes that build the septum and the actomyosin ring proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Juan C G Cortés
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Juan C Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martín-García R, Santos B. The price of independence: cell separation in fission yeast. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:65. [PMID: 26931605 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cell division is to give rise to two viable independent daughter cells. A tight spatial and temporal regulation between chromosome segregation and cytokinesis ensures the viability of the daughter cells. Schizosaccharomyces pombe, commonly known as fission yeast, has become a leading model organism for studying essential and conserved mechanisms of the eukaryotic cell division process. Like many other eukaryotic cells it divides by binary fission and the cleavage furrow undergoes ingression due to the contraction of an actomyosin ring. In contrast to mammalian cells, yeasts as cell-walled organisms, also need to form a division septum made of cell wall material to complete the process of cytokinesis. The division septum is deposited behind the constricting ring and it will constitute the new ends of the daughter cells. Cell separation also involves cell wall degradation and this process should be precisely regulated to avoid cell lysis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the whole cytokinesis process in fission yeast, from the positioning and assembly of the contractile ring to the final step of cell separation, and the problems generated when these processes are not precise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Santos
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The mammalian MST kinase family, which is related to the Hippo kinase in Drosophila melanogaster, includes five related proteins: MST1 (also called STK4), MST2 (also called STK3), MST3 (also called STK24), MST4, and YSK1 (also called STK25 or SOK1). MST kinases are emerging as key signaling molecules that influence cell proliferation, organ size, cell migration, and cell polarity. Here we review the regulation and function of these kinases in normal physiology and pathologies, including cancer, endothelial malformations, and autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Sahai
- The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|