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Sun M, Lu T, Chen P, Wang X, Yang H, Zhou R, Zheng W, Zhao Y. The sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) coordinately regulate the response of Neurospora crassa to the springtail Sinella curviseta (Collembola: Entomobryidae) attack. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0101823. [PMID: 37855634 PMCID: PMC10686092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding the regulatory pathways by which fungi respond to environmental signals through interlinked genes provides insights into the interactions between fungi and insects. The coordinated optimization of the regulatory networks is necessary for fungi to adapt to their habitats. We demonstrated that the synergistic regulation of sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) plays a critical role in regulating the fungal response to Sinella curviseta stress. Furthermore, we found that the enhanced production of trehalose, carotenoids, and 5-MTHF plays crucial role in the resistance to the fungivore. Our results provide insights into the understanding of the adaptation of N. crassa to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weifa Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Integrative Activity of Mating Loci, Environmentally Responsive Genes, and Secondary Metabolism Pathways during Sexual Development of Chaetomium globosum. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02119-19. [PMID: 31822585 PMCID: PMC6904875 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02119-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diversity has amazed evolutionary biologists for decades. One societally important aspect of this diversity manifests in traits that enable pathogenicity. The opportunistic pathogen Chaetomium globosum is well adapted to a high-humidity environment and produces numerous secondary metabolites that defend it from predation. Many of these chemicals can threaten human health. Understanding the phases of the C. globosum life cycle in which these products are made enables better control and even utilization of this fungus. Among its intriguing traits is that it both is self-fertile and lacks any means of propagule-based asexual reproduction. By profiling genome-wide gene expression across the process of sexual reproduction in C. globosum and comparing it to genome-wide gene expression in the model filamentous fungus N. crassa and other closely related fungi, we revealed associations among mating-type genes, sexual developmental genes, sexual incompatibility regulators, environmentally responsive genes, and secondary metabolic pathways. The origins and maintenance of the rich fungal diversity have been longstanding issues in evolutionary biology. To investigate how differences in expression regulation contribute to divergences in development and ecology among closely related species, transcriptomes were compared between Chaetomium globosum, a homothallic pathogenic fungus thriving in highly humid ecologies, and Neurospora crassa, a heterothallic postfire saprotroph. Gene expression was quantified in perithecia at nine distinct morphological stages during nearly synchronous sexual development. Unlike N. crassa, expression of all mating loci in C. globosum was highly correlated. Key regulators of the initiation of sexual development in response to light stimuli—including orthologs of N. crassasub-1, sub-1-dependent gene NCU00309, and asl-1—showed regulatory dynamics matching between C. globosum and N. crassa. Among 24 secondary metabolism gene clusters in C. globosum, 11—including the cochliodones biosynthesis cluster—exhibited highly coordinated expression across perithecial development. C. globosum exhibited coordinately upregulated expression of histidine kinases in hyperosmotic response pathways—consistent with gene expression responses to high humidity we identified in fellow pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Bayesian networks indicated that gene interactions during sexual development have diverged in concert with the capacities both to reproduce asexually and to live a self-compatible versus self-incompatible life cycle, shifting the hierarchical roles of genes associated with conidiation and heterokaryon incompatibility in N. crassa and C. globosum. This divergence supports an evolutionary history of loss of conidiation due to unfavorable combinations of heterokaryon incompatibility in homothallic species.
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Shin JH, Gumilang A, Kim MJ, Han JH, Kim KS. A PAS-Containing Histidine Kinase is Required for Conidiation, Appressorium Formation, and Disease Development in the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. MYCOBIOLOGY 2019; 47:473-482. [PMID: 32010469 PMCID: PMC6968698 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1689037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most important diseases in rice production. PAS (period circadian protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, single-minded protein) domains are known to be involved in signal transduction pathways, but their functional roles have not been well studied in fungi. In this study, targeted gene deletion was carried out to investigate the functional roles of the PAS-containing gene MoPAS1 (MGG_02665) in M. oryzae. The deletion mutant ΔMopas1 exhibited easily wettable mycelia, reduced conidiation, and defects in appressorium formation and disease development compared to the wild type and complemented transformant. Exogenous cAMP restored appressorium formation in ΔMopas1, but the shape of the restored appressorium was irregular, indicating that MoPAS1 is involved in sensing the hydrophobic surface. To examine the expression and localization of MoPAS1 in M. oryzae during appressorium development and plant infection, we constructed a MoPAS1:GFP fusion construct. MoPAS1:GFP was observed in conidia and germ tubes at 0 and 2 h post-infection (hpi) on hydrophobic cover slips. By 8 hpi, most of the GFP signal was observed in the appressoria. During invasive growth in host cells, MoPAS1:GFP was found to be fully expressed in not only the appressoria but also invasive hyphae, suggesting that MoPAS may contribute to disease development in host cells. These results expand our knowledge of the roles of PAS-containing regulatory genes in the plant-pathogenic fungus M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Shin
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences and BioHerb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Adiyantara Gumilang
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences and BioHerb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moon-Jong Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences and BioHerb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences and BioHerb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences and BioHerb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Horta MAC, Thieme N, Gao Y, Burnum-Johnson KE, Nicora CD, Gritsenko MA, Lipton MS, Mohanraj K, de Assis LJ, Lin L, Tian C, Braus GH, Borkovich KA, Schmoll M, Larrondo LF, Samal A, Goldman GH, Benz JP. Broad Substrate-Specific Phosphorylation Events Are Associated With the Initial Stage of Plant Cell Wall Recognition in Neurospora crassa. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2317. [PMID: 31736884 PMCID: PMC6838226 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal plant cell wall degradation processes are governed by complex regulatory mechanisms, allowing the organisms to adapt their metabolic program with high specificity to the available substrates. While the uptake of representative plant cell wall mono- and disaccharides is known to induce specific transcriptional and translational responses, the processes related to early signal reception and transduction remain largely unknown. A fast and reversible way of signal transmission are post-translational protein modifications, such as phosphorylations, which could initiate rapid adaptations of the fungal metabolism to a new condition. To elucidate how changes in the initial substrate recognition phase of Neurospora crassa affect the global phosphorylation pattern, phospho-proteomics was performed after a short (2 min) induction period with several plant cell wall-related mono- and disaccharides. The MS/MS-based peptide analysis revealed large-scale substrate-specific protein phosphorylation and de-phosphorylations. Using the proteins identified by MS/MS, a protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The variance in phosphorylation of a large number of kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors indicate the participation of many known signaling pathways, including circadian responses, two-component regulatory systems, MAP kinases as well as the cAMP-dependent and heterotrimeric G-protein pathways. Adenylate cyclase, a key component of the cAMP pathway, was identified as a potential hub for carbon source-specific differential protein interactions. In addition, four phosphorylated F-Box proteins were identified, two of which, Fbx-19 and Fbx-22, were found to be involved in carbon catabolite repression responses. Overall, these results provide unprecedented and detailed insights into a so far less well known stage of the fungal response to environmental cues and allow to better elucidate the molecular mechanisms of sensory perception and signal transduction during plant cell wall degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augusta C. Horta
- Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nils Thieme
- Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Marina A. Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Mary S. Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Karthikeyan Mohanraj
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chennai, India
| | - Leandro José de Assis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Liangcai Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine A. Borkovich
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Monika Schmoll
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Luis F. Larrondo
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Departamento Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chennai, India
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - J. Philipp Benz
- Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Conidiation in Neurospora crassa: vegetative reproduction by a model fungus. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:97-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Barman A, Tamuli R. The pleiotropic vegetative and sexual development phenotypes of Neurospora crassa arise from double mutants of the calcium signaling genes plc-1, splA2, and cpe-1. Curr Genet 2017; 63:861-875. [PMID: 28265741 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated phenotypes of the double mutants of the calcium (Ca2+) signaling genes plc-1, splA2, and cpe-1 encoding for a phospholipase C1 (PLC-1), a secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), and a Ca2+/H+ exchanger (CPE-1), respectively, to understand the cell functions regulated by their genetic interactions. Mutants lacking plc-1 and either splA2 or cpe-1 exhibited numerous defects including reduced colonial growth, stunted aerial hyphae, premature conidiation on plates with delayed germination, inappropriate conidiation in submerged culture, and lesser mycelial pigmentation. Moreover, the ∆plc-1; ∆splA2 and ∆plc-1; ∆cpe-1 double mutants were female-sterile when crossed with wild type as the male parent. In addition, ∆plc-1, ∆splA2, and ∆cpe-1 single mutants displayed higher carotenoid accumulation and an increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the pleiotropic phenotype of the double mutants of plc-1, splA2, and cpe-1 suggested that the genetic interaction of these genes plays a critical role for normal vegetative and sexual development in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Barman
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - Ranjan Tamuli
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India.
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Steffens EK, Becker K, Krevet S, Teichert I, Kück U. Transcription factor PRO1 targets genes encoding conserved components of fungal developmental signaling pathways. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:792-809. [PMID: 27560538 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Sordaria macrospora is a model system to study multicellular development during fruiting body formation. Previously, we demonstrated that this major process in the sexual life cycle is controlled by the Zn(II)2 Cys6 zinc cluster transcription factor PRO1. Here, we further investigated the genome-wide regulatory network controlled by PRO1 by employing chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify binding sites for PRO1. We identified several target regions that occur in the promoter regions of genes encoding components of diverse signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified a conserved DNA-binding motif that is bound specifically by PRO1 in vitro. In addition, PRO1 controls in vivo the expression of a DsRed reporter gene under the control of the esdC target gene promoter. Our ChIP-seq data suggest that PRO1 also controls target genes previously shown to be involved in regulating the pathways controlling cell wall integrity, NADPH oxidase and pheromone signaling. Our data point to PRO1 acting as a master regulator of genes for signaling components that comprise a developmental cascade controlling fruiting body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Katharina Steffens
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Kordula Becker
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Sabine Krevet
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Ines Teichert
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kück
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
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Alvarez AF, Barba-Ostria C, Silva-Jiménez H, Georgellis D. Organization and mode of action of two component system signaling circuits from the various kingdoms of life. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3210-3226. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F. Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México City, México
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México City, México
| | - Hortencia Silva-Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México City, México
| | - Dimitris Georgellis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México City, México
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