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Savijoki K, Deptula P, Roberts RJ, Hammarén M, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Varmanen P, Parikka M. Revised whole genome and DNA methylome of Mycobacterium marinum type strain ATCC 927 T. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0101623. [PMID: 38415640 PMCID: PMC11008211 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01016-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum, a slow-growing Actinobacterium, typically induces tuberculosis-like disease in fish. Here, we report a new reference sequence for M. marinum ATCC 927T, along with its DNA methylome. This aims to maximize the research potential of this type strain and facilitates investigations into the pathomechanisms of human tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Savijoki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulina Deptula
- Department of Food Science (FOOD), University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Milka Hammarén
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Sang X, Xue X, Mi Z, Wang Z, Yu X, Sun L, Ma S, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang F. Induction of IL-32 in the immune response of keratinocytes to Mycobacterium marinum infection. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1451-1458. [PMID: 37309674 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the skin epidermis, and they not only protect the skin from the influence of external physical factors but also function as an immune barrier against microbial invasion. However, little is known regarding the immune defence mechanisms of keratinocytes against mycobacteria. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on skin biopsy samples from patients with Mycobacterium marinum infection and bulk RNA sequencing (bRNA-seq) on M. marinum-infected keratinocytes in vitro. The combined analysis of scRNA-seq and bRNA-seq data revealed that several genes were upregulated in M. marinum-infected keratinocytes. Further in vitro validation of these genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay confirmed the induction of IL-32 in the immune response of keratinocytes to M. marinum infection. Immunohistochemistry also showed the high expression of IL-32 in patients' lesions. These findings suggest that IL-32 induction is a possible mechanism through which keratinocytes defend against M. marinum infection; this could provide new targets for the immunotherapy of chronic cutaneous mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotong Xue
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Tsiolakkis G, Liontos A, Filippas-Ntekouan S, Matzaras R, Theodorou E, Vardas M, Vairaktari G, Nikopoulou A, Christaki E. Mycobacterium marinum: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1799. [PMID: 37512971 PMCID: PMC10384600 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria are occurring more frequently in recent years. However, chronic skin and soft tissue lesions present a challenge for clinicians, as the diagnostic work-up and definitive diagnosis require knowledge and available laboratory resources. We present here the case of a 66-year-old male patient who presented with painful abscess-like nodules on his right hand and forearm, which worsened after treatment with an anti-TNF-a agent. The fluid specimen taken from the lesion was positive for mycobacteria according to the acid-fast stain. Mycobacterium marinum was identified, first by next-generation sequencing and finally grown on culture, after eight weeks. Acknowledging the complexity of diagnosing and managing infections by non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and especially Mycobacterium marinum, we provide a review of the current epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of Mycobacterium marinum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Tsiolakkis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Liontos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Str. Niarchou, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sempastian Filippas-Ntekouan
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Str. Niarchou, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Rafail Matzaras
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Str. Niarchou, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Michail Vardas
- School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus
| | | | - Anna Nikopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Christaki
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Unit, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Str. Niarchou, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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Gauthier DT, Doss JH, LaGatta M, Gupta T, Karls RK, Quinn FD. Genomic Degeneration and Reduction in the Fish Pathogen Mycobacterium shottsii. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0115821. [PMID: 35579461 PMCID: PMC9241763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01158-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium shottsii is a dysgonic, nonpigmented mycobacterium originally isolated from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Genomic analysis reveals that M. shottsii is a Mycobacterium ulcerans/Mycobacterium marinum clade (MuMC) member, but unlike the superficially similar M. pseudoshottsii, also isolated from striped bass, it is not an M. ulcerans ecovar, instead belonging to a transitional group of strains basal to proposed "Aronson" and "M" lineages. Although phylogenetically distinct from the human pathogen M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome shows parallel but nonhomologous genomic degeneration, including massive accumulation of pseudogenes accompanied by proliferation of unique insertion sequences (ISMysh01, ISMysh03), large-scale deletions, and genomic reorganization relative to typical M. marinum strains. Coupled with its observed ecological characteristics and loss of chromogenicity, the genomic structure of M. shottsii is suggestive of evolution toward a state of obligate pathogenicity, as observed for other Mycobacterium spp., including M. ulcerans, M. tuberculosis, and M. leprae. IMPORTANCE Morone saxatilis (striped bass) is an ecologically and economically important finfish species on the United States east coast. Mycobacterium shottsii and Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii were originally described in the early 2000s as novel species from outbreaks of visceral and dermal mycobacteriosis in this species. Biochemical and genetic characterization place these species within the Mycobacterium ulcerans/M. marinum clade (MuMC), and M. pseudoshottsii has been proposed as an ecovar of M. ulcerans. Here, we describe the complete genome of M. shottsii, demonstrating that it is clearly not an M. ulcerans ecovar; however, it has undergone parallel genomic modification suggestive of a transition to obligate pathogenicity. As in M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome demonstrates widespread pseudogene formation driven by proliferation of insertion sequences, as well as genomic reorganization. This work clarifies the phylogenetic position of M. shottsii relative to other MuMC members and provides insight into processes shaping its genomic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - J. H. Doss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - M. LaGatta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pathens Incorporated, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - T. Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - R. K. Karls
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pathens Incorporated, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - F. D. Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pathens Incorporated, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Bezerra GH, Honório MLP, Costa VLDC, Vechi HT, Alves MDM, Britto MHMFD, Rocha KBF, Carvalho LDD. Mycobacterium marinum infection simulating chromomycosis: a case report. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e95. [PMID: 33263701 PMCID: PMC7694539 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skins infections caused by Mycobacterium marinum occur only rarely. We report one case of chronic and extensive M. marinum cutaneous infection simulating chromoblastomycosis and review the pertinent literature. A 52-year-old farmer reported a 32-year chronic skin problem on his right lower limb, resulting from contact with cacti. It consisted of skin lesion presenting with dyschromic atrophic center plate and verrucous borders with hematic crusts, extending from the knee anteriorly to the inferior third of the right leg. Mycobacterium marinum infection was detected by histopathological examination of a skin fragment, culture for mycobacteria and genetic mapping of the culture material. The patient was successfully treated with Ethambutol, Rifampicin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. The clinical and histopathological findings of M. marinum infection is nonspecific showing clinical polymorphism and bacilli are rarely evident on histopathological examination. Given these difficulties, it is essential to perform tissue culture in a suspicious case and it is important keep this infection in mind in patients with long-lasting indolent verrucous lesions and a history of exposure to sea water, freshwater, aquaria or fish.
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Agre N, Tawari N, Maitra A, Gupta A, Munshi T, Degani M, Bhakta S. 3-(5-Nitrofuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one Derivatives, with Potent Antituberculosis Activity, Inhibit A Novel Therapeutic Target, Arylamine N-acetyltransferase, in Mycobacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E368. [PMID: 32630175 PMCID: PMC7400135 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibitory potential of 3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives was evaluated against a panel of bacteria, as well as mammalian cell lines to determine their therapeutic index. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of antibiotic action of the derivatives to identify their therapeutic target. We discovered compound 2 to be an extremely potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth (MIC: 0.031 mg/L) in vitro, performing better than the currently used first-line antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pretomanid in vitro. Furthermore, compound 3 was equipotent to pretomanid against a multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolate. The derivatives were selective and bactericidal towards slow-growing mycobacteria. They showed low cytotoxicity towards murine RAW 264.7 and human THP-1 cell lines, with high selectivity indices. Compound 1 effectively eliminated the intracellular mycobacteria in a mycobacteria-infected macrophage model. The derivatives were assessed for their potential to inhibit mycobacterial arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and were identified as good inhibitors of recombinant mycobacterial NAT, a novel target essential for the intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis. This study provided hits for designing new potent and selective antituberculosis leads, having mycobacterial NAT inhibition as their possible endogenous mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; (N.A.); (N.T.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Nilesh Tawari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; (N.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Arundhati Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Antima Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (A.M.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tulika Munshi
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Mariam Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; (N.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (A.M.); (A.G.)
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Abstract
Mycobacterium shigaense is a slowly growing scotochromogenic species and a member of the Mycobacterium simiae complex group. Here, we report the complete sequence of its genome, comprising a 5.2-Mb chromosome. The sequence will represent the essential data for future phylogenetic and comparative genome studies of the Mycobacterium simiae complex group.
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