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Isolation and Characterization of Two Bacteriophages and Their Preventive Effects against Pathogenic Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Larvae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060926. [PMID: 32575445 PMCID: PMC7355493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is one of the major pathogens causing mass mortality in marine bivalve larvae aquaculture. To prevent and control Vibrio spp. infections in marine bivalve hatcheries, various antibiotics are overused, resulting in environmental pollution and the creation of multi-drug-resistant strains. Therefore, research on the development of antibiotic substitutes is required. In this study, we isolated two bacteriophages (phages) that specifically infected pathogenic V. coralliilyticus from an oyster hatchery and designated them as pVco-5 and pVco-7. Both phages were classified as Podoviridae and were stable over a wide range of temperatures (4–37 °C) and at pH 7.0–9.0. Thus, both phages were suitable for application under the environmental conditions of an oyster hatchery. The two phages showed confirmed significant bactericidal efficacy against pathogenic V. coralliilyticus in an in vitro test. In the in vivo experiment, the phage pre-treated groups of Pacific oyster larvae showed significantly lower mortality against V. coralliilyticus infection than untreated control larvae. The results of the present study suggest that both phages could be used in the artificial marine bivalve seedling industry; not only to prevent pathogenic V. coralliilyticus infection, but also to reduce antibiotic overuse.
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Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Chi C, Yun S, Kim SG, Kim SW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Lee SB, Kim JH, Park SC. Identification and Genome Analysis of Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Larvae. Pathogens 2020; 9:E206. [PMID: 32168754 PMCID: PMC7157721 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is known as a coral pathogen that also infects marine bivalve larvae worldwide. It is considered to be one of the major constraints in artificial marine bivalve seed production as it causes mortality. In this study, we first isolated and characterized a high virulent of V. coralliilyticus designated as SNUTY-1 that was the cause of Pacific oyster larvae mortality in Korea. In the pathogenicity test, exposure to 2.14 × 105 CFU/mL for 24 h caused mortality to 88.65 ± 2.4% of the tested healthy Pacific oyster larvae. SNUTY-1 showed anti-microbial resistance to β-lactams, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. We sequenced and assembled the complete genome of SNUTY-1 (5,842,676 bp), consisting of two chromosomes (Chr I and Chr II) and two plasmids (pSNUTY1 and pSNUTY2). The COG functional analysis confirmed that Chr I had more genes associated with basic cellular functions in comparison to Chr II. The results of the phylogenetic trees based on OrthoANI values indicated that the SNUTY-1 was closely related to V. coralliilyticus strains. SNUTY-1 had a unique plasmid (pSNUTY2), which could mean that the Korean isolate is different from other sequenced V. coralliilyticus strains from different geographical origins. Toxic proteins such as cytolysin/hemolysin and extracellular metalloprotease genes were encoded on Chr I and Chr II of SNUTY-1. These data facilitate the control of V. coralliilyticus infections in aquaculture by providing valuable insights into the biodiversity of this organism and valuable information for the study of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
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Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Chi C, Yun S, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kang JW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Park SC. Application of the bacteriophage pVco-14 to prevent Vibrio coralliilyticus infection in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 167:107244. [PMID: 31520593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus infects a variety of shellfish larvae, including Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae worldwide, and remains a major constraint in marine bivalve aquaculture practice, especially in artificial seed production facilities. In this study, we isolated and characterized the bacteriophage (phage) that specifically infects V. coralliilyticus. The phage was designated pVco-14 and classified as Siphoviridae. We also investigated the potential efficacy of the isolated phage against V. coralliilyticus infection. We conducted a survey to replace the overuse of antibiotics, which generate multi-antibiotic-resistant strains and causes environmental pollution. The latent period of pVco-14 was estimated to be approximately 30 min, whereas the burst size was 13.3 PFU/cell. The phage was found to infect four strains of tested V. coralliilyticus. pVco-14 was stable at wide temperature (4-37 °C) and pH (5.0-9.0) ranges. Eighty-one percent of oyster larvae died in an immersion challenge at a dose 1.32 × 105 CFU/ml of virulent V. coralliilyticus (strain 58) within 24 h. When oyster larvae were pre-treated with the phage before the bacterial challenge (bacterial conc.: 1.32 × 104 and 1.32 × 105 CFU/ml), mortality of the phage-treated oyster larvae was lower than that of the untreated control. These results suggest that pVco-14 has potential to be used as a prophylactic agent for preventing V. coralliilyticus infection in marine bivalve hatcheries and can reduce the overuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Menezes FGR, Barbosa WE, Vasconcelos LS, Rocha RS, Maggioni R, Sousa OV, Hofer E, Vieira RHSF. Genotypic assessment of a dichotomous key to identify Vibrio coralliilyticus, a coral pathogen. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:87-92. [PMID: 29565257 DOI: 10.3354/dao03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is a known pathogen to corals and larvae of bivalves. Its identification is made based on phenotypic and genotypic characters of isolated strains. To evaluate the efficiency of the phenotypic identification, 21 strains identified as V. coralliilyticus using a widely used dichotomous key were analyzed by qualitative PCR and sequencing of the 16S rDNA region. The results obtained by the behavioral test, amino acids usage, allow us to distinguish 3 A/L/O profiles: (1) A+/L-/O+; (2) A+/L+/O+; and (3) A-/L+/O+. In the genotypic tests, all strains tested positive with primers specific for the Vibrio genus. However, when primers were used for species identification, the results did not match those obtained with the dichotomous key chosen. The phenotypic characteristics taken into account to set apart V. coralliilyticus and other species were not proven to be efficient. More information about the morphological diversity of colonies and enzymatic activities should be considered in the formulation of phenotypic keys for V. coralliilyticus and related species.
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Three Draft Genome Sequences of Vibrio coralliilyticus Strains Isolated from Bivalve Hatcheries. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/41/e01162-17. [PMID: 29025954 PMCID: PMC5637514 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01162-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reported here are the genome sequences of three Vibrio coralliilyticus isolates RE87, AIC-7, and 080116A. Each strain was isolated in association with oyster larvae in commercial aquaculture systems. These draft genomes will be useful for further studies in understanding the genomic features contributing to V. coralliilyticus pathogenicity.
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