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Investigation of many bacterial and viral infections circulating in pigeons showing nervous symptoms. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2911-2920. [PMID: 35531168 PMCID: PMC9073067 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon’s flocks have shown several neurological symptoms including circling, torticollis, tremors, paralysis, which caused suspicion for viral or bacterial natural infections. Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is a notifiable disease-causing high morbidity and mortality with severe nervous symptoms. Clinical represented tissue specimens were collected from 50 infected pigeon flocks in eight governorates. All samples were examined bacteriologically (isolation, identification and serotyping) for E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was accomplished for all isolates using a disk-diffusion test. For viral identification, RT-PCR specific oligonucleotide primers were used for distinguishing of Avian influenza virus, PPMV-1 and PPMV-3. Neurological manifestations were observed in pigeon’s flocks mainly in winter and autumn. The mortality rate in eight governorates was about 50% in 10 flocks and other houses mortality rate was ranged from 10 to 20%. Post mortem examination have shown hemorrhagic enteritis, soft and friable brain tissues and/or hemorrhages. The percentage of isolated bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 75%, 75%, 50% and 18.75%; respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern for bacterial isolates showed resist to ampicillin, amoxicillin- clavulinic acid, teteracyclin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ceftazidine with different result for each type of bacteria, while Salmonella spp., isolates showed only a highly intermediate result for ciprofloxacin. Eight samples are positive with 16% to PPMV-1. Also, sample No.5,6,9 was co-infected with different types of bacterial isolates in addition to NDV. In conclusion, we reported several neurological symptoms in pigeon’s flocks mainly of bacterial infections (E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
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Zhang RH, Li PY, Xu MJ, Wang CL, Li CH, Gao JP, Wang XJ, Xu T, Zhang HL, Zhang RH, Tian SF. Molecular characterization and pathogenesis of H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from a racing pigeon. Vet Microbiol 2020; 246:108747. [PMID: 32605760 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can cross species barriers and expand from birds tomammals and humans. It usually leads to economic loss for breeding farms and poses a serious threat to human health.This study investigated the molecular characteristics of H9N2 AIV isolated from a racing pigeon and its pathogenesis in BALB/c mice and pigeons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the H9N2 virus belonged to the Ck/BJ/94-like lineage, and acquired multiple specific amino acid substitutions that might contribute to viral transmission from birds to mammals and humans. A pathogenesis study showed that both mice and pigeons infected with H9N2 virus showed clinical signs and mortality. The H9N2 viruses efficiently replicated in mice and pigeons. In our study, high levels of viral shedding were detected in pigeons, but the infection was not transmitted to co-housed pigeons. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of inflammatory responses in the infected mice and pigeons. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of H9N2 virus in multiple organs of the infected mice and pigeons. Moreover, the infected mice and pigeons demonstrated significant cytokine/chemokine production. Our results showed that the H9N2 virus can infect mice and pigeons, and can not be transmitted between pigeons through direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
| | - Pei-Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
| | - Ming-Ju Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
| | - Cun-Lian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
| | - Chun-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
| | - Jing-Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
| | - Xue-Jing Wang
- The Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute of Heibei, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China.
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China.
| | - Rui-Hong Zhang
- BaYin Central School, ChaYouZhongQi, Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia, 013550, PR China
| | - Shu-Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China
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Kwon JH, Noh YK, Lee DH, Yuk SS, Erdene-Ochir TO, Noh JY, Hong WT, Jeong JH, Jeong S, Gwon GB, Song CS, Nahm SS. Experimental infection with highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses in the Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica). Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:95-102. [PMID: 28619174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV). Sub-clinical infection with HPAI in resident wild birds could be a source of dissemination of HPAIV and continuous outbreaks. In this study, the pathogenicity and infectivity of two strains of H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 virus were evaluated in the Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica). None of the birds experimentally infected with H5N8 viruses showed clinical signs or mortality. The H5N8 viruses efficiently replicated in the virus-inoculated Mandarin ducks and transmitted to co-housed Mandarin ducks. Although relatively high levels of viral shedding were noted in pigeons, viral shedding was not detected in some of the pigeons and the shedding period was relatively short. Furthermore, the infection was not transmitted to co-housed pigeons. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of HPAIV in multiple organs of the infected birds. Histopathological evaluation showed the presence of inflammatory responses primarily in HPAIV-positive organs. Our results indicate that Mandarin ducks and pigeons can be infected with H5N8 HPAIV without exhibiting clinical signs; thus, they may be potential healthy reservoirs of the H5N8 HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Noh
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Yuk
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tseren-Ochir Erdene-Ochir
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Noh
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Tack Hong
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei-Hyun Jeong
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Jeong
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Bin Gwon
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjingu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Elgendy EM, Arai Y, Kawashita N, Daidoji T, Takagi T, Ibrahim MS, Nakaya T, Watanabe Y. Identification of polymerase gene mutations that affect viral replication in H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from pigeons. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:6-17. [PMID: 27926816 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infects a wide range of host species, with a few cases of sporadic pigeon infections reported in the Middle East and Asia. However, the role of pigeons in the ecology and evolution of H5N1 viruses remains unclear. We previously reported two H5N1 virus strains, isolated from naturally infected pigeons in Egypt, that have several unique mutations in their viral polymerase genes. Here, we investigated the effect of these mutations on H5N1 polymerase activity and viral growth and identified three mutations that affected viral polymerase activity. The results showed that the PB1-V3D mutation significantly decreased polymerase activity and viral growth in both mammalian and avian cells. In contrast, the PB2-K627E and PA-K158R mutations had moderate effects: PB2-K627E decreased and PA-K158R increased polymerase activity. Structural homology modelling indicated that the PB1-V3D residue was located in the PB1 core region that interacts with PA, predicting that the PB1 mutation would produce a stronger interaction between PB1 and PA that results in decreased replication of pigeon-derived H5N1 viruses. Our results identified several unique mutations responsible for changes in polymerase activity in H5N1 virus strains isolated from infected pigeons, emphasizing the importance of avian influenza surveillance in pigeons and in studying the possible role of pigeon-derived H5N1 viruses in avian influenza virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Mohamed Elgendy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuha Arai
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomo Daidoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Madiha Salah Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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