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Wolf MA, O'Hara JM, Bitzer GJ, Narayanan E, Boehm DT, Bevere JR, DeJong MA, Hall JM, Wong TY, Falcone S, Deal CE, Richards A, Green S, Nguyen B, King E, Ogega C, Russo L, Sen-Kilic E, Plante O, Himansu S, Barbier M, Carfi A, Damron FH. Multivalent mRNA-DTP vaccines are immunogenic and provide protection from Bordetella pertussis challenge in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:103. [PMID: 38858423 PMCID: PMC11164898 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acellular multivalent vaccines for pertussis (DTaP and Tdap) prevent symptomatic disease and infant mortality, but immunity to Bordetella pertussis infection wanes significantly over time resulting in cyclic epidemics of pertussis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine platform provides an opportunity to address complex bacterial infections with an adaptable approach providing Th1-biased responses. In this study, immunogenicity and challenge models were used to evaluate the mRNA platform with multivalent vaccine formulations targeting both B. pertussis antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Immunization with mRNA formulations were immunogenetic, induced antigen specific antibodies, as well as Th1 T cell responses. Upon challenge with either historical or contemporary B. pertussis strains, 6 and 10 valent mRNA DTP vaccine provided protection equal to that of 1/20th human doses of either DTaP or whole cell pertussis vaccines. mRNA DTP immunized mice were also protected from pertussis toxin challenge as measured by prevention of lymphocytosis and leukocytosis. Collectively these pre-clinical mouse studies illustrate the potential of the mRNA platform for multivalent bacterial pathogen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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2
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Schmitt P, Borkner L, Jazayeri SD, McCarthy KN, Mills KH. Nasal vaccines for pertussis. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102355. [PMID: 37307651 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines induce potent circulating IgG and prevent severe disease in children/adults and in infants born to vaccinated mothers. However, they do not prevent nasal infection, allowing asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that, unlike natural infection, immunization with aP vaccines fails to induce secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) or interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting tissue-resident memory CD4 T (TRM) cells, required for sustained sterilizing immunity in the nasal mucosa. Live-attenuated vaccines or aP vaccines formulated with novel adjuvants that induce respiratory IgA and TRM cells, especially when delivered by the nasal route, are in development and have considerable promise as next-generation vaccines against pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Schmitt
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Borkner
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seyed Davoud Jazayeri
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen N McCarthy
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston Hg Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Chamorro BM, Luca KD, Swaminathan G, Rochereau N, Majorel J, Poulet H, Chanut B, Piney L, Mundt E, Paul S. Mucosal Vaccination with Live Attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica Protects against Challenge in Wistar Rats. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050982. [PMID: 37243086 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Several vaccines targeting this pathogen are currently licensed for use in dogs, but their mechanism of action and the correlates of protection are not fully understood. To investigate this, we used a rat model to examine the immune responses induced and the protection conferred by a canine mucosal vaccine after challenge. Wistar rats were vaccinated orally or intranasally on D0 and D21 with a live attenuated Bb vaccine strain. At D35, the rats of all groups were inoculated with 103 CFU of a pathogenic strain of B. bronchiseptica. Animals vaccinated via either the intranasal or the oral route had Bb-specific IgG and IgM in their serum and Bb-specific IgA in nasal lavages. Bacterial load in the trachea, lung, and nasal lavages was lower in vaccinated animals than in non-vaccinated control animals. Interestingly, coughing improved in the group vaccinated intranasally, but not in the orally vaccinated or control group. These results suggest that mucosal vaccination can induce mucosal immune responses and provide protection against a Bb challenge. This study also highlights the advantages of a rat model as a tool for studying candidate vaccines and routes of administration for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Gokul Swaminathan
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jade Majorel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Poulet
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lauriane Piney
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- 3CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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4
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Caulfield AD, Callender M, Harvill ET. Generating enhanced mucosal immunity against Bordetella pertussis: current challenges and new directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126107. [PMID: 36895562 PMCID: PMC9990818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is the highly transmissible etiologic agent of pertussis, a severe respiratory disease that causes particularly high morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Commonly known as "whooping cough," pertussis is one of the least controlled vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide with several countries experiencing recent periods of resurgence despite broad immunization coverage. While current acellular vaccines prevent severe disease in most cases, the immunity they confer wanes rapidly and does not prevent sub clinical infection or transmission of the bacterium to new and vulnerable hosts. The recent resurgence has prompted new efforts to generate robust immunity to Bp in the upper respiratory mucosa, from which colonization and transmission originate. Problematically, these initiatives have been partially hindered by research limitations in both human and animal models as well as potent immunomodulation by Bp. Here, we consider our incomplete understanding of the complex host-pathogen dynamics occurring in the upper airway to propose new directions and methods that may address critical gaps in research. We also consider recent evidence that supports the development of novel vaccines specifically designed to generate robust mucosal immune responses capable of limiting upper respiratory colonization to finally halt the ongoing circulation of Bordetella pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Caulfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Abstract
Coughing is a dynamic physiological process resulting from input of vagal sensory neurons innervating the airways and perceived airway irritation. Although cough serves to protect and clear the airways, it can also be exploited by respiratory pathogens to facilitate disease transmission. Microbial components or infection-induced inflammatory mediators can directly interact with sensory nerve receptors to induce a cough response. Analysis of cough-generated aerosols and transmission studies have further demonstrated how infectious disease is spread through coughing. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of cough, cough induction by respiratory pathogens and inflammation, and cough-mediated disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael U Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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6
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Mackel JJ, Morffy Smith C, Wasbotten RK, Twentyman J, Rosen DA. Classical and γδ T cells are each independently sufficient to establish protection against a classical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974175. [PMID: 36118033 PMCID: PMC9471189 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with classical strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae pose a significant clinical challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance. We previously established a lung inoculation plus challenge model using live, classical K. pneumoniae in order to study host protection. Here, we employ this model to dissect adaptive immune responses to this critical pathogen. First, we performed convalescent serum transfers from inoculated mice to naïve recipients and found that classical K. pneumoniae infection outcomes, unlike hypervirulent K. pneumoniae infection outcomes, were not improved. This suggests that circulating antibody responses alone are not sufficient to mediate protection against this classical strain. Hence, we evaluated the role of T cells in protection against classical K. pneumoniae reinfection and demonstrated that mice lacking T cells are unable to establish a protective response. However, mice individually deficient in either of the major T cell subsets, γδ or αβ (classical T cells), effectively mount a protective response, indicating either subset alone is sufficient to mediate protection. Sequestration of T cells in secondary lymphoid organs during the challenge infection did not ablate protection, indicating the circulating T cell pool is not required for the protective phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that depletion of T cells during initial infection eliminates protection against challenge. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate the imperative contribution of T cells to protective immunity against classical K. pneumoniae and will guide further inquiries into host effector responses required to control this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Mackel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Catherine Morffy Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel K. Wasbotten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joy Twentyman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A. Rosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Rosen,
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7
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Jiang W, Wang X, Su Y, Cai L, Li J, Liang J, Gu Q, Sun M, Shi L. Intranasal Immunization With a c-di-GMP-Adjuvanted Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Provides Superior Immunity Against Bordetella pertussis in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878832. [PMID: 35493458 PMCID: PMC9043693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Intranasal vaccination is an ideal strategy to prevent pertussis, as the nasal mucosa represents the first-line barrier to B. pertussis infection. The current intramuscular acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines elicit strong antibody and Th2-biased responses but not necessary cellular and mucosal immunity. Here, we formulated two cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-adjuvanted aP subunit vaccines, a mammalian 2’,3’-cGAMP-adjuvanted aP vaccine and a bacterial-derived c-di-GMP-adjuvanted aP vaccine, and evaluated their immunogenicity in a mouse model. We found that the aP vaccine alone delivered intranasally (IN) induced moderate systemic and mucosal humoral immunity but weak cellular immunity, whereas the alum-adjuvanted aP vaccine administered intraperitoneally elicited higher Th2 and systemic humoral immune responses but weaker Th1 and Th17 and mucosal immune responses. In contrast, both CDN-adjuvanted aP vaccines administered via the IN route induced robust humoral and cellular immunity systemically and mucosally. Furthermore, the c-di-GMP-adjuvanted aP vaccine generated better antibody production and stronger Th1 and Th17 responses than the 2′,3′-cGAMP-adjuvanted aP vaccine. In addition, following B. pertussis challenge, the group of mice that received IN immunization with the c-di-GMP-adjuvanted aP vaccine showed better protection than all other groups of vaccinated mice, with decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung and reduced bacterial burden in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. In summary, the c-di-GMP-adjuvanted aP vaccine can elicit a multifaceted potent immune response resulting in robust bacterial clearance in the respiratory tract, which indicates that c-di-GMP can serve as a potential mucosal adjuvant for the pertussis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhao Su
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Lukui Cai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangli Liang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Mingbo Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Li Shi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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8
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Cimolai N. Non-primate animal models for pertussis: back to the drawing board? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1383-1398. [PMID: 35103810 PMCID: PMC8803574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Despite considerable progress in the understanding of clinical pertussis, the contemporary emergence of antimicrobial resistance for Bordetella pertussis and an evolution of concerns with acellular component vaccination have both sparked a renewed interest. Although simian models of infection best correlate with the observed attributes of human infection, several animal models have been used for decades and have positively contributed in many ways to the related science. Nevertheless, there is yet the lack of a reliable small animal model system that mimics the combination of infection genesis, variable upper and lower respiratory infection, systemic effects, infection resolution, and vaccine responses. This narrative review examines the history and attributes of non-primate animal models for pertussis and places context with the current use and needs. Emerging from the latter is the necessity for further such study to better create the optimal model of infection and vaccination with use of current molecular tools and a broader range of animal systems. Key points • Currently used and past non-primate animal models of B. pertussis infection often have unique and focused applications. • A non-primate animal model that consistently mimics human pertussis for the majority of key infection characteristics is lacking. • There remains ample opportunity for an improved non-primate animal model of pertussis with the use of current molecular biology tools and with further exploration of species not previously considered. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, B.C., V6H3V4, Canada.
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