1
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van der Klugt T, van den Biggelaar RHGA, Saris A. Host and bacterial lipid metabolism during tuberculosis infections: possibilities to synergise host- and bacteria-directed therapies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38916142 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2370979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, the most lethal infectious disease resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. Treatments against Mtb are increasingly impaired by the growing prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance, which necessitates the development of new antibiotics or alternative therapeutic approaches. Upon infecting host cells, predominantly macrophages, Mtb becomes critically dependent on lipids as a source of nutrients. Additionally, Mtb produces numerous lipid-based virulence factors that contribute to the pathogen's ability to interfere with the host's immune responses and to create a lipid rich environment for itself. As lipids, lipid metabolism and manipulating host lipid metabolism play an important role for the virulence of Mtb, this review provides a state-of-the-art overview of mycobacterial lipid metabolism and concomitant role of host metabolism and host-pathogen interaction therein. While doing so, we will emphasize unexploited bacteria-directed and host-directed drug targets, and highlight potential synergistic drug combinations that hold promise for the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun van der Klugt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Li C, Wang J, Xu JF, Pi J, Zheng B. Roles of HIF-1α signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: New targets for anti-TB therapeutics? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149920. [PMID: 38615574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly infectious disease induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a global public health issue that kill millions of patents every year. Despite significant efforts have been paid to identify effective TB treatments, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the disease and the presence of comorbidities in TB patients urges us to explore the detailed mechanisms involved in TB immunity and develop more effective innovative anti-TB strategies. HIF-1α, a protein involved in regulating cellular immune responses during TB infection, has been highlighted as a promising target for the development of novel strategies for TB treatment due to its critical roles in anti-TB host immunity. This review provides a summary of current research progress on the roles of HIF-1α in TB infection, highlighting its importance in regulating the host immune response upon Mtb infection and summarizing the influences and mechanisms of HIF-1α on anti-TB immunological responses of host cells. This review also discusses the various challenges associated with developing HIF-1α as a target for anti-TB therapies, including ensuring specificity and avoiding off-target effects on normal cell function, determining the regulation and expression of HIF-1α in TB patients, and developing drugs that can inhibit HIF-1α. More deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in HIF-1α signaling, its impact on TB host status, and systematic animal testing and clinical trials may benefit the optimization of HIF-1α as a novel therapeutic target for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Biying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Dargham T, Mallick I, Kremer L, Santucci P, Canaan S. Intrabacterial lipid inclusion-associated proteins: a core machinery conserved from saprophyte Actinobacteria to the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2306-2323. [PMID: 37872001 PMCID: PMC10699116 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the aetiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), stores triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of intrabacterial lipid inclusions (ILI) to survive and chronically persist within its host. These highly energetic molecules represent a major source of carbon to support bacterial persistence and reactivation, thus playing a leading role in TB pathogenesis. However, despite its physiological and clinical relevance, ILI metabolism in Mtb remains poorly understood. Recent discoveries have suggested that several ILI-associated proteins might be widely conserved across TAG-producing prokaryotes, but still very little is known regarding the nature and the biological functions of these proteins. Herein, we performed an in silico analysis of three independent ILI-associated proteomes previously reported to computationally define a potential core ILI-associated proteome, referred to as ILIome. Our investigation revealed the presence of 70 orthologous proteins that were strictly conserved, thereby defining a minimal ILIome core. We further narrowed our analysis to proteins involved in lipid metabolism and discuss here their putative biological functions, along with their molecular interactions and dynamics at the surface of these bacterial organelles. We also highlight the experimental limitations of the original proteomic investigations and of the present bioinformatic analysis, while describing new technological approaches and presenting biological perspectives in the field. The in silico investigation presented here aims at providing useful datasets that could constitute a scientific resource of broad interest for the mycobacterial community, with the ultimate goal of enlightening ILI metabolism in prokaryotes with a special emphasis on Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Dargham
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
- IHU Méditerranée InfectionAix‐Marseille Univ.France
| | - Ivy Mallick
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM)Université de MontpellierFrance
- INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de MontpellierFrance
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
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4
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Ragavendran PV, Tripathi V, Gandotra S. Structure prediction-based insights into the patatin family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 36748562 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite its genome sequencing more than two decades ago, the majority of the genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain functionally uncharacterized. Patatins are one such class of proteins that, despite undergoing an expansion in this pathogenic species compared to their non-pathogenic cousins, remain largely unstudied. Recent advances in protein structure prediction using machine learning tools such as AlphaFold2 have provided high-confidence predicted structures for all M. tuberculosis proteins. Here we present detailed analyses of the patatin family of M. tuberculosis using AlphaFold-predicted structures, providing insights into likely modes of regulation, membrane interaction and substrate binding. Regulatory domains within this family of proteins include cyclic nucleotide binding, lid-like domains and other helical domains. Using structural homologues, we identified the likely membrane localization mechanisms and substrate-binding sites. These analyses reveal diversity in their regulatory capacity, mechanisms of membrane binding and likely length of fatty acid substrates. Together, this analysis suggests unique roles for the eight predicted patatins of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Ragavendran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201 002, India.,Immunology and Infectious Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishnavi Tripathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201 002, India.,Immunology and Infectious Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Gandotra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201 002, India.,Immunology and Infectious Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, India
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5
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Degré G, Desjardins J, Garcia J, Vanderstraeten C, Wozniak J, Latifi A. [Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipases, new targets in the fight against tuberculosis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:497-500. [PMID: 35608476 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Degré
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jonas Desjardins
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Garcia
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Clément Vanderstraeten
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Wozniak
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Amel Latifi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR, 7283, IMM, Marseille, France
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6
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Robbe-Saule M, Foulon M, Poncin I, Esnault L, Varet H, Legendre R, Besnard A, Grzegorzewicz AE, Jackson M, Canaan S, Marsollier L, Marion E. Transcriptional adaptation of Mycobacterium ulcerans in an original mouse model: New insights into the regulation of mycolactone. Virulence 2021; 12:1438-1451. [PMID: 34107844 PMCID: PMC8204960 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1929749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causal agent of Buruli ulcer, a chronic infectious disease and the third most common mycobacterial disease worldwide. Without early treatment, M. ulcerans provokes massive skin ulcers, caused by the mycolactone toxin, its main virulence factor. However, spontaneous healing may occur in Buruli ulcer patients several months or years after the disease onset. We have shown, in an original mouse model, that bacterial load remains high and viable in spontaneously healed tissues, with a switch of M. ulcerans to low levels of mycolactone production, adapting its strategy to survive in such a hostile environment. This original model offers the possibility to investigate the regulation of mycolactone production, by using an RNA-seq strategy to study bacterial adaptation during mouse infection. Pathway analysis and characterization of the tissue environment showed that the bacillus adapted to its new environment by modifying its metabolic activity and switching nutrient sources. Thus, M. ulcerans ensures its survival in healing tissues by reducing its secondary metabolism, leading to an inhibition of mycolactone synthesis. These findings shed new light on mycolactone regulation and pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Varet
- Plate-forme Transcriptome Et Epigenome, Biomics, Centre De Ressources Et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Hub De Bioinformatique Et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Plate-forme Transcriptome Et Epigenome, Biomics, Centre De Ressources Et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Hub De Bioinformatique Et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna E Grzegorzewicz
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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7
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Mallick I, Santucci P, Poncin I, Point V, Kremer L, Cavalier JF, Canaan S. Intrabacterial lipid inclusions in mycobacteria: unexpected key players in survival and pathogenesis? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6283747. [PMID: 34036305 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rely on lipids to survive and chronically persist within their hosts. Upon infection, opportunistic and strict pathogenic mycobacteria exploit metabolic pathways to import and process host-derived free fatty acids, subsequently stored as triacylglycerols under the form of intrabacterial lipid inclusions (ILI). Under nutrient-limiting conditions, ILI constitute a critical source of energy that fuels the carbon requirements and maintain redox homeostasis, promoting bacterial survival for extensive periods of time. In addition to their basic metabolic functions, these organelles display multiple other biological properties, emphasizing their central role in the mycobacterial lifecycle. However, despite of their importance, the dynamics of ILI metabolism and their contribution to mycobacterial adaptation/survival in the context of infection has not been thoroughly documented. Herein, we provide an overview of the historical ILI discoveries, their characterization, and current knowledge regarding the micro-environmental stimuli conveying ILI formation, storage and degradation. We also review new biological systems to monitor the dynamics of ILI metabolism in extra- and intracellular mycobacteria and describe major molecular actors in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, maintenance and breakdown. Finally, emerging concepts regarding to the role of ILI in mycobacterial survival, persistence, reactivation, antibiotic susceptibility and inter-individual transmission are also discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Mallick
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poncin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Vanessa Point
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRIM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
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8
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Chang DPS, Guan XL. Metabolic Versatility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Infection and Dormancy. Metabolites 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 33540752 PMCID: PMC7913082 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a highly successful intracellular pathogen with the ability to withstand harsh conditions and reside long-term within its host. In the dormant and persistent states, the bacterium tunes its metabolism and is able to resist the actions of antibiotics. One of the main strategies Mtb adopts is through its metabolic versatility-it is able to cometabolize a variety of essential nutrients and direct these nutrients simultaneously to multiple metabolic pathways to facilitate the infection of the host. Mtb further undergo extensive remodeling of its metabolic pathways in response to stress and dormancy. In recent years, advancement in systems biology and its applications have contributed substantially to a more coherent view on the intricate metabolic networks of Mtb. With a more refined appreciation of the roles of metabolism in mycobacterial infection and drug resistance, and the success of drugs targeting metabolism, there is growing interest in further development of anti-TB therapies that target metabolism, including lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we will review current knowledge revolving around the versatility of Mtb in remodeling its metabolism during infection and dormancy, with a focus on central carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore;
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9
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Cavalier JF, Spilling CD, Durand T, Camoin L, Canaan S. Lipolytic enzymes inhibitors: A new way for antibacterial drugs discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112908. [PMID: 33071055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) still remains the deadliest infectious disease worldwide with 1.5 million deaths in 2018, of which about 15% are attributed to resistant strains. Another significant example is Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus), a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) responsible for cutaneous and pulmonary infections, representing up to 95% of NTM infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. M. abscessus is a new clinically relevant pathogen and is considered one of the most drug-resistant mycobacteria for which standardized chemotherapeutic regimens are still lacking. Together the emergence of M. tb and M. abscessus multi-drug resistant strains with ineffective and expensive therapeutics, have paved the way to the development of new classes of anti-mycobacterial agents offering additional therapeutic options. In this context, specific inhibitors of mycobacterial lipolytic enzymes represent novel and promising antibacterial molecules to address this challenging issue. The results highlighted here include a complete overview of the antibacterial activities, either in broth medium or inside infected macrophages, of two families of promising and potent anti-mycobacterial multi-target agents, i.e. oxadiazolone-core compounds (OX) and Cyclophostin & Cyclipostins analogs (CyC); the identification and biochemical validation of their effective targets (e.g., the antigen 85 complex and TesA playing key roles in mycolic acid metabolism) together with their respective crystal structures. To our knowledge, these are the first families of compounds able to target and impair replicating as well as intracellular bacteria. We are still impelled in deciphering their mode of action and finding new potential therapeutic targets against mycobacterial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Cavalier
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de La Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France.
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, United States
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de La Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France.
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10
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Madani A, Mallick I, Guy A, Crauste C, Durand T, Fourquet P, Audebert S, Camoin L, Canaan S, Cavalier JF. Dissecting the antibacterial activity of oxadiazolone-core derivatives against Mycobacterium abscessus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238178. [PMID: 32946441 PMCID: PMC7500638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus), a rapidly growing mycobacterium, is an emergent opportunistic pathogen responsible for chronic bronchopulmonary infections in individuals with respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Most treatments of M. abscessus pulmonary infections are poorly effective due to the intrinsic resistance of this bacteria against a broad range of antibiotics including anti-tuberculosis agents. Consequently, the number of drugs that are efficient against M. abscessus remains limited. In this context, 19 oxadiazolone (OX) derivatives have been investigated for their antibacterial activity against both the rough (R) and smooth (S) variants of M. abscessus. Several OXs impair extracellular M. abscessus growth with moderated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), or act intracellularly by inhibiting M. abscessus growth inside infected macrophages with MIC values similar to those of imipenem. Such promising results prompted us to identify the potential target enzymes of the sole extra and intracellular inhibitor of M. abscessus growth, i.e., compound iBpPPOX, via activity-based protein profiling combined with mass spectrometry. This approach led to the identification of 21 potential protein candidates being mostly involved in M. abscessus lipid metabolism and/or in cell wall biosynthesis. Among them, the Ag85C protein has been confirmed as a vulnerable target of iBpPPOX. This study clearly emphasizes the potential of the OX derivatives to inhibit the extracellular and/or intracellular growth of M. abscessus by targeting various enzymes potentially involved in many physiological processes of this most drug-resistant mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeldjalil Madani
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Ivy Mallick
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Guy
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Crauste
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Fourquet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Jean François Cavalier
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cui Z, Dang G, Song N, Cui Y, Li Z, Zang X, Liu H, Wang Z, Liu S. Rv3091, An Extracellular Patatin-Like Phospholipase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Prolongs Intracellular Survival of Recombinant Mycolicibacterium smegmatis by Mediating Phagosomal Escape. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2204. [PMID: 33042041 PMCID: PMC7517356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.532371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipases (PLPs) are important virulence factors of many pathogens. However, there are no prevailing studies regarding PLPs as a virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Analysis of Rv3091, a putative protein of Mtb, shows that it belongs to the PLPs family. Here, we cloned and expressed the rv3091 gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis and, subsequently, conducted protein purification and characterization. We show that it possesses phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and lipase activity. We confirm the putative active site residues, namely, Ser214 and Asp407, using site directed mutagenesis. The Rv3091 is an extracellular protein that alters the colony morphology of M. smegmatis. The presence of Rv3091 enhances the intracellular survival capability of M. smegmatis in murine peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, it promotes M. smegmatis phagosomal escape from macrophages. Moreover, Rv3091 significantly increased the survival of M. smegmatis and aggravated lesions in C57BL/6 J murine lungs in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that Rv3091 as an extracellular PLP that is critical to the pathogenicity of mycobacterium as it allows mycobacterium to utilize phospholipids for its growth and provides resistance to phagosome killing, resulting in its enhanced intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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12
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Shen L, Viljoen A, Villaume S, Joe M, Halloum I, Chêne L, Méry A, Fabre E, Takegawa K, Lowary TL, Vincent SP, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Mariller C. The endogenous galactofuranosidase GlfH1 hydrolyzes mycobacterial arabinogalactan. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5110-5123. [PMID: 32107309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive progress made over the past 20 years in our understanding of mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) biogenesis, the mechanisms by which the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts its cell wall structure and composition to various environmental conditions, especially during infection, remain poorly understood. Being the central portion of the mAGP complex, arabinogalactan (AG) is believed to be the constituent of the mycobacterial cell envelope that undergoes the least structural changes, but no reports exist supporting this assumption. Herein, using recombinantly expressed mycobacterial protein, bioinformatics analyses, and kinetic and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the AG can be remodeled by a mycobacterial endogenous enzyme. In particular, we found that the mycobacterial GlfH1 (Rv3096) protein exhibits exo-β-d-galactofuranose hydrolase activity and is capable of hydrolyzing the galactan chain of AG by recurrent cleavage of the terminal β-(1,5) and β-(1,6)-Galf linkages. The characterization of this galactosidase represents a first step toward understanding the remodeling of mycobacterial AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004 - CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Sydney Villaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organic (CBO), Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Maju Joe
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Iman Halloum
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004 - CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Loïc Chêne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organic (CBO), Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Méry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Fabre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organic (CBO), Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004 - CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.,INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Mariller
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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13
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Maan P, Kaur J. Rv2223c, an acid inducible carboxyl-esterase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhanced the growth and survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:1397-1415. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To elucidate the role of Rv2223c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Purified recombinant Rv2223c protein was characterized. Expression of rv2223c in the presence of different stress environment and subcellular localization were performed in M. tuberculosis H37Ra and Mycobacterium smegmatis ( MS_2223c). Effect of its overexpression on growth rate, infection and intracellular survival in THP-1/PBMC cells were studied. Results: rRv2223c demonstrated esterase activity with preference for pNP-octanoate and hydrolyzed trioctanoate to di- and mono-octanoate. Expression of rv2223c was upregulated in acidic and nutritive stress conditions. rRv2223c was identified in extracellular and cell wall fractions. MS_2223c exhibited enhanced growth, survival during in vitro stress, infection and intracellular survival. Conclusions: Rv2223c is a secretary, carboxyl-esterase, with enhanced expression under acidic and nutritive stress condition and might help in intracellular survival of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Maan
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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14
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Burggraaf MJ, Speer A, Meijers AS, Ummels R, van der Sar AM, Korotkov KV, Bitter W, Kuijl C. Type VII Secretion Substrates of Pathogenic Mycobacteria Are Processed by a Surface Protease. mBio 2019; 10:e01951-19. [PMID: 31662454 PMCID: PMC6819658 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01951-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, one of the world's most severe infectious diseases, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis A major weapon of this pathogen is a unique cell wall that protects the pathogen from eradication by the immune system. Mycobacteria have specialized secretion systems, e.g., type VII secretion or ESX systems, to transport substrates across this cell wall. The largest group of proteins that are secreted by these ESX systems are the PE proteins. Previously, it was shown that the N-terminal PE domain of about 100 amino acids is required for secretion. Here, we describe the identification of an aspartic protease, designated PecA, that removes (part of) this PE domain at the cell surface. Nearly all of the observed PE_PGRS proteins are processed by PecA. Interestingly, the protease itself is also a secreted PE protein and subject to self-cleavage. Furthermore, a defect in surface processing has no effect on the activity of the PE lipase protein LipY but does seem to affect the functioning of other virulence factors, as a pecA mutant strain of Mycobacterium marinum shows moderate attenuation in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our results reveal the presence of a functional aspartic acid protease in M. marinum that cleaves LipY, itself as well as other members of the PE_PGRS family. Finally, mutants lacking PecA show growth attenuation in vivo, suggesting that PecA plays a role during infection.IMPORTANCE Aspartic proteases are common in eukaryotes and retroviruses but are relatively rare among bacteria (N. D. Rawlings and A. Bateman, BMC Genomics 10:437, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-437). In contrast to eukaryotic aspartic proteases, bacterial aspartic proteases are generally located in the cytoplasm. We have identified a surface-associated mycobacterial aspartic protease, PecA, which cleaves itself and many other type VII secretion substrates of the PE_PGRS family. PecA is present in most pathogenic mycobacterial species, including M. tuberculosis In addition, pathogenicity of M. marinum is reduced in the ΔpecA mutant, indicating that PecA contributes to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroeska J Burggraaf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aniek S Meijers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roy Ummels
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Astrid M van der Sar
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Konstantin V Korotkov
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coenraad Kuijl
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Kaur J, Kaur J. Rv0518, a nutritive stress inducible GDSL lipase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, enhanced intracellular survival of bacteria by cell wall modulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:180-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Santucci P, Johansen MD, Point V, Poncin I, Viljoen A, Cavalier JF, Kremer L, Canaan S. Nitrogen deprivation induces triacylglycerol accumulation, drug tolerance and hypervirulence in mycobacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8667. [PMID: 31209261 PMCID: PMC6572852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria share with other actinomycetes the ability to produce large quantities of triacylglycerol (TAG), which accumulate as intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions (ILI) also known as lipid droplets (LD). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis, acquires fatty acids from the human host which are utilized to synthesize TAG, subsequently stored in the form of ILI to meet the carbon and nutrient requirements of the bacterium during long periods of persistence. However, environmental factors governing mycobacterial ILI formation and degradation remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that in the absence of host cells, carbon excess and nitrogen starvation promote TAG accumulation in the form of ILI in M. smegmatis and M. abscessus, used as surrogate species of M. tb. Based on these findings, we developed a simple and reversible in vitro model to regulate ILI biosynthesis and hydrolysis in mycobacteria. We also showed that TAG formation is tgs1 dependent and that lipolytic enzymes mediate TAG breakdown. Moreover, we confirmed that the nitrogen-deprived and ILI-rich phenotype was associated with an increased tolerance towards several drugs used for treating mycobacterial infections. Importantly, we showed that the presence of ILI substantially enhanced the bacterial burden and granuloma abundance in zebrafish embryos infected with lipid-rich M. abscessus as compared to embryos infected with lipid-poor M. abscessus, suggesting that ILI are actively contributing to mycobacterial virulence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Santucci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Point
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poncin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France.
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17
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Menon D, Singh K, Pinto SM, Nandy A, Jaisinghani N, Kutum R, Dash D, Prasad TSK, Gandotra S. Quantitative Lipid Droplet Proteomics Reveals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induced Alterations in Macrophage Response to Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:559-569. [PMID: 30663302 PMCID: PMC6466475 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Growing
evidence suggests the importance of lipid metabolism in pathogenesis
of tuberculosis. Neutral lipids form the majority of lipids in a caseous
granuloma, a pathology characteristic of tuberculosis. Cytosolic lipid
droplets (LDs) of macrophages form the store house of these lipids
and have been demonstrated to contribute to the inflammatory response
to infection. The proteome of lipid droplets reflects the mechanisms
of lipid metabolism active under a condition. However, infection induced
changes in the proteome of these dynamic organelles remains elusive.
Here, we employed quantitative proteomics to identify alterations
induced upon infection with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in comparison with heat killed bacilli or uninfected macrophages.
We found increased abundance of proteins coupled with lipid metabolism,
protein synthesis, and vesicular transport function in LDs upon infection
with live Mtb. Using biochemical methods and microscopy, we validated
ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arf)-like 8 (ARL8B) to be increased on the
lipid droplet surface of live Mtb infected macrophages and that ARL8B
is a bonafide LD protein. This study provides the first proteomic
evidence that the dynamic responses to infection also encompass changes
at the level of LDs. This information will be important in understanding
how Mtb manipulates lipid metabolism and defense mechanisms of the
host macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Menon
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kaurab Singh
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ananya Nandy
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neetika Jaisinghani
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debasis Dash
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Sheetal Gandotra
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Kamoun J, Rahier R, Sellami M, Koubaa I, Mansuelle P, Lebrun R, Berlioz-Barbier A, Fiore M, Alvarez K, Abousalham A, Carrière F, Aloulou A. Identification of a new natural gastric lipase inhibitor from star anise. Food Funct 2019; 10:469-478. [PMID: 30632597 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification and isolation of bioactive compounds are of great interest in the drug delivery field, despite being a difficult task. We describe here an innovative strategy for the identification of a new gastric lipase inhibitor from star anise for the treatment of obesity. After plant screening assays for gastric lipase inhibition, star anise was selected and investigated by bioactivity guided fractionation. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting allowed the detection of an inhibitor covalently bound to the catalytic serine of gastric lipase. A mass-directed screening approach using UPLC-HRMS and accurate mass determination searching identified the flavonoid myricitrin-5-methyl ether (M5ME) as a lipase inhibitor. The inhibitory activity was rationalized based on molecular docking, showing that M5ME is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by gastric lipase. Overall, our data suggest that M5ME may be considered as a potential candidate for future application as a gastric lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannet Kamoun
- University of Sfax, National School of Engineering of Sfax, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Sfax, Tunisia.
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19
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Burggraaf MJ, Ates LS, Speer A, van der Kuij K, Kuijl C, Bitter W. Optimization of secretion and surface localization of heterologous OVA protein in mycobacteria by using LipY as a carrier. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:44. [PMID: 30841891 PMCID: PMC6402100 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is not only used as a vaccine against tuberculosis but also protects against leprosy and is used as part of bladder cancer treatment to induce a protective immune response. However, protection by BCG vaccination is not optimal. To improve vaccine efficacy, recombinant BCG expressing heterologous antigens has been put forward to elicit antigen-specific cellular and humoral responses. Cell surface localized or secreted antigens induce better immune responses than their cytosolic counterparts. Optimizing secretion of heterologous proteins or protein fragments holds therefore unexplored potential for improving the efficacy of recombinant BCG vaccine candidates. Secretion of heterologous antigens requires crossing the mycobacterial inner and outer membrane. Mycobacteria have specialized ESX or type VII secretion systems that enable translocation of proteins across both membranes. Probing this secretion system could therefore be a valid approach to surface localize heterologous antigens. RESULTS We show that ESX-5 substrate LipY, a lipase, can be used as a carrier for heterologous secretion of an ovalbumin fragment (OVA). LipY contains a PE domain and a lipase domain, separated by a linker region. This linker domain is processed upon secretion. Fusion of the PE and linker domains of LipY to OVA enabled ESX-5-dependent secretion of the fusion construct LipY-OVA in M. marinum, albeit with low efficiency. Subsequent random mutagenesis of LipY-OVA and screening for increased secretion resulted in mutants with improved heterologous secretion. Detailed analysis identified two mutations in OVA that improved secretion, i.e. an L280P mutation and a protein-extending frameshift mutation. Finally, deletion of the linker domain of LipY enhanced secretion of LipY-OVA, although this mutation also reduced surface association. Further analysis in wild type LipY showed that the linker domain is required for surface association. CONCLUSION We show that the ESX-5 system can be used for heterologous secretion. Furthermore, minor mutations in the substrate can enhance secretion. Especially the C-terminal region seems to be important for this. The linker domain of LipY is involved in surface association. These findings show that non-biased screening approaches aid in optimization of heterologous secretion, which can contribute to heterologous vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroeska J Burggraaf
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louis S Ates
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Kuij
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coen Kuijl
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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20
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Santucci P, Dedaki C, Athanasoulis A, Gallorini L, Munoz A, Canaan S, Cavalier J, Magrioti V. Synthesis of Long‐Chain β‐Lactones and Their Antibacterial Activities against Pathogenic Mycobacteria. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:349-358. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Santucci
- Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479 Marseille France
| | - Christina Dedaki
- Department of ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Athens 15771 Greece
| | - Alexandros Athanasoulis
- Department of ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Athens 15771 Greece
| | - Laura Gallorini
- Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479 Marseille France
| | - Anaïs Munoz
- Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479 Marseille France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille UniversitéCNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479 Marseille France
| | | | - Victoria Magrioti
- Department of ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Athens 15771 Greece
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21
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Maurya RK, Bharti S, Krishnan MY. Triacylglycerols: Fuelling the Hibernating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:450. [PMID: 30687647 PMCID: PMC6333902 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has the remarkable ability to persist with a modified metabolic status and phenotypic drug tolerance for long periods in the host without producing symptoms of active tuberculosis. These persisters may reactivate to cause active disease when the immune system becomes disrupted or compromised. Thus, the infected hosts with the persisters serve as natural reservoir of the deadly pathogen. Understanding the host and bacterial factors contributing to Mtb persistence is important to devise strategies to tackle the Mtb persisters. Host lipids act as the major source of carbon and energy for Mtb. Fatty acids derived from the host cells are converted to triacylglycerols (triglycerides or TAG) and stored in the bacterial cytoplasm. TAG serves as a dependable, long-term energy source of lesser molecular mass than other storage molecules like glycogen. TAG are found in substantial amounts in the mycobacterial cell wall. This review discusses the production, accumulation and possible roles of TAG in mycobacteria, pointing out the aspects that remain to be explored. Finally, the essentiality of TAG synthesis for Mtb is discussed with implications for identification of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Maurya
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Suman Bharti
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Manju Y Krishnan
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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22
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Oxadiazolone derivatives, new promising multi-target inhibitors against M. tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:414-424. [PMID: 30212765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A set of 19 oxadiazolone (OX) derivatives have been investigated for their antimycobacterial activity against two pathogenic slow-growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and the avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) mc26230. The encouraging minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values obtained prompted us to test them against virulent M. tb H37Rv growth either in broth medium or inside macrophages. The OX compounds displayed a diversity of action and were found to act either on extracellular M. tb growth only with moderated MIC50, or both intracellularly on infected macrophages as well as extracellularly on bacterial growth. Of interest, all OX derivatives exhibited very low toxicity towards host macrophages. Among the six potential OXs identified, HPOX, a selective inhibitor of extracellular M. tb growth, was selected and further used in a competitive labelling/enrichment assay against the activity-based probe Desthiobiotin-FP, in order to identify its putative target(s). This approach, combined with mass spectrometry, identified 18 potential candidates, all being serine or cysteine enzymes involved in M. tb lipid metabolism and/or in cell wall biosynthesis. Among them, Ag85A, CaeA, TesA, KasA and MetA have been reported as essential for in vitro growth of M. tb and/or its survival and persistence inside macrophages. Overall, our findings support the assumption that OX derivatives may represent a novel class of multi-target inhibitors leading to the arrest of M. tb growth through a cumulative inhibition of a large number of Ser- and Cys-containing enzymes involved in various important physiological processes.
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