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Integrative analysis of gene and protein expression in atherosclerosis-related pathways modulated by periodontal pathogens. Systematic review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:8-22. [PMID: 36654677 PMCID: PMC9841036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression modulated by periodontal pathogens in cells and animal models for atherosclerosis. Methods Cochrane, PRISMA and AMSTAR2 guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data search was conducted in Pub-med, LILACS and Science Direct databases. Gene and protein expression data were collected from the included papers to perform an overrepresentation analysis using the Reactome Pathway Analysis tool and the KEGG database. Results Thirty-two papers were included in the review, they analyzed the effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola or/and their virulent factors on gene and protein expression in human cells and animal models of atherosclerosis. Some of the modulated pathways include the immune system, programmed cell death, cellular responses to external stimuli, transport of small molecules, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). Those pathways are known to be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis progression. Conclusion Based on the performed analysis, it is possible to state that periodontal pathogens have the potential to be a contributing factor for atherosclerosis even in absence of a high-fat diet or high shear stress.
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2
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Huang X, Xie M, Lu X, Mei F, Song W, Liu Y, Chen L. The Roles of Periodontal Bacteria in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12861. [PMID: 37629042 PMCID: PMC10454115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory vascular disease that constitutes a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke. Infection is a contributing risk factor for AS. Epidemiological evidence has implicated individuals afflicted by periodontitis displaying an increased susceptibility to AS and CVD. This review concisely outlines several prevalent periodontal pathogens identified within atherosclerotic plaques, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We review the existing epidemiological evidence elucidating the association between these pathogens and AS-related diseases, and the diverse mechanisms for which these pathogens may engage in AS, such as endothelial barrier disruption, immune system activation, facilitation of monocyte adhesion and aggregation, and promotion of foam cell formation, all of which contribute to the progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Notably, the intricate interplay among bacteria underscores the complex impact of periodontitis on AS. In conclusion, advancing our understanding of the relationship between periodontal pathogens and AS will undoubtedly offer invaluable insights and potential therapeutic avenues for the prevention and management of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (X.H.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (F.M.); (W.S.)
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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3
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Yu YL, Ma JR, Li SN, Liao MQ, Xu S, Chen HE, Dai SH, Peng XL, Zhao D, Lou YM, Yu XX, Gao XP, Liu YH, Liu J, Ke XY, Ping Z, Wang L, Wang CY, Zeng FF. Association between Periodontitis and Aortic Calcification: A Cohort Study. Angiology 2023; 74:129-138. [PMID: 35503367 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221094713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the association between the presence of periodontitis and aortic calcification (AC) risk among Chinese adults. A total of 6059 individuals who underwent regular health check-ups and received a diagnosis of periodontitis between 2009 and 2016 were included. The outcome was AC, assessed by a chest low-dose spiral CT scan. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the association between periodontitis and AC risk after adjusting for several confounders. After a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (interquartile range: 1.03-4.97 years), 843 cases of AC were identified, with 532 (12.13%) and 311 (18.59%) patients in the non-periodontitis group and periodontitis group, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that, compared with those without periodontitis, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for AC risk in participants with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.02-1.36) (P = .025) in the fully adjusted model. Stratified analyses showed that the positive relationship between periodontitis and AC was more evident in males and participants <65 years of age (pinteraction = .005 and .004, respectively). Our results show that the presence of periodontitis was positively associated with AC among Chinese adults, especially among males and younger participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Rong Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Na Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Qi Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-En Chen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Hong Dai
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Peng
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Mei Lou
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiao Tang Shan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Ping Gao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 74577Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, 191599The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Preventive Medicine of Guizhou Province, 66367Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xing-Yao Ke
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Ping
- Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiao Tang Shan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang-Yi Wang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, 557960Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, 47885Jinan University, Guangdong, China
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4
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Malespín-Bendaña W, Alpízar-Alpízar W, Figueroa-Protti L, Reyes L, Molina-Castro S, Une C, Ramírez-Mayorga V. Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric precancerous lesions and persistent expression of Angpt2, Vegf-A and Tnf-A in a mouse model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1072802. [PMID: 36874142 PMCID: PMC9975564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1072802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa and induces chronic inflammation. Methods Using a mouse model of H. pylori-induced gastritis, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors, as well as the histopathological changes in gastric mucosa in response to infection. Five- to six-week-old female C57BL/6N mice were challenged with H. pylori SS1 strain. Animals were euthanized after 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 40- and 50-weeks post infection. mRNA and protein expression of Angpt1, Angpt2, VegfA, Tnf-α, bacterial colonization, inflammatory response and gastric lesions were evaluated. Results A robust bacterial colonization was observed in 30 to 50 weeks-infected mice, which was accompanied by immune cell infiltration in the gastric mucosa. Compared to non-infected animals, H. pylori-colonized animals showed an upregulation in the expression of Tnf-A, Angpt2 and VegfA at the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, Angpt1 mRNA and protein expression was downregulated in H. pylori-colonized mice. Conclusion Our data show that H. pylori infection induces the expression of Angpt2, Tnf-A and Vegf-A in murine gastric epithelium. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastritis, however the significance of this should be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warner Alpízar-Alpízar
- Centre for Research on Microscopic Structures (CIEMic), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lucía Figueroa-Protti
- Centre for Research on Microscopic Structures (CIEMic), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ledis Reyes
- Laboratory for Biological Assays (LEBi), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Silvia Molina-Castro
- Institute of Health Research (INISA), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Clas Une
- Institute of Health Research (INISA), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Vanessa Ramírez-Mayorga
- Institute of Health Research (INISA), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Department Public Nutrition, School of Nutrition, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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5
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Sun W, Huang S, Yang X, Luo Y, Liu L, Wu D. The oral microbiome of patients with ischemic stroke predicts their severity and prognosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171898. [PMID: 37138888 PMCID: PMC10150016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Stroke is a common group of cerebrovascular diseases that can lead to brain damage or death. Several studies have shown a close link between oral health and stroke. However, the oral microbiome profiling of ischemic stroke (IS) and its potential clinical implication are unclear. This study aimed to describe the oral microbiota composition of IS, the high risk of IS, and healthy individuals and to profile the relationship between microbiota and IS prognosis. Methods This observational study recruited three groups: IS, high-risk IS (HRIS), and healthy control (HC) individuals. Clinical data and saliva were collected from participants. The modified Rankin scale score after 90 days was used to assess the prognosis of stroke. Extracted DNA from saliva and performed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. Sequence data were analyzed using QIIME2 and R packages to evaluate the association between the oral microbiome and stroke. Results A total of 146 subjects were enrolled in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Compared with HC, HRIS and IS demonstrated a progressive increase trend in Chao1, observed species richness, and Shannon and Simpson diversity index. On the basis of permutational multivariate analysis of variance, the data indicate a great variation in the saliva microbiota composition between HC and HRIS (F = 2.40, P < 0.001), HC and IS (F = 5.07, P < 0.001), and HRIS and IS (F = 2.79, P < 0.001). The relative abundance of g_Streptococcus, g_Prevotella, g_Veillonella, g_Fusobacterium, and g_Treponema was higher in HRIS and IS compared with that in HC. Furthermore, we constructed the predictive model by differential genera to effectively distinguish patients with IS with poor 90-day prognoses from those with good (area under the curve = 79.7%; 95% CI, 64.41%-94.97%; p < 0.01). Discussion In summary, the oral salivary microbiome of HRIS and IS subjects have a higher diversity, and the differential bacteria have some predictive value for the severity and prognosis of IS. Oral microbiota may be used as potential biomarkers in patients with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengwen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luqiong Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Danhong Wu,
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6
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Bale BF, Doneen AL, Leimgruber PP, Vigerust DJ. The critical issue linking lipids and inflammation: Clinical utility of stopping oxidative stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1042729. [PMID: 36439997 PMCID: PMC9682196 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1042729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of an atheroma begins when lipoproteins become trapped in the intima. Entrapped lipoproteins become oxidized and activate the innate immune system. This immunity represents the primary association between lipids and inflammation. When the trapping continues, the link between lipids and inflammation becomes chronic and detrimental, resulting in atherosclerosis. When entrapment ceases, the association between lipids and inflammation is temporary and healthy, and the atherogenic process halts. Therefore, the link between lipids and inflammation depends upon lipoprotein retention in the intima. The entrapment is due to electrostatic forces uniting apolipoprotein B to polysaccharide chains on intimal proteoglycans. The genetic transformation of contractile smooth muscle cells in the media into migratory secretory smooth muscle cells produces the intimal proteoglycans. The protein, platelet-derived growth factor produced by activated platelets, is the primary stimulus for this genetic change. Oxidative stress is the main stimulus to activate platelets. Therefore, minimizing oxidative stress would significantly reduce the retention of lipoproteins. Less entrapment decreases the association between lipids and inflammation. More importantly, it would halt atherogenesis. This review will analyze oxidative stress as the critical link between lipids, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Through this perspective, we will discuss stopping oxidative stress to disrupt a harmful association between lipids and inflammation. Numerous therapeutic options will be discussed to mitigate oxidative stress. This paper will add a new meaning to the Morse code distress signal SOS-stopping oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Field Bale
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Amy Lynn Doneen
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Pierre P. Leimgruber
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David John Vigerust
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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7
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Chow YC, Yam HC, Gunasekaran B, Lai WY, Wo WY, Agarwal T, Ong YY, Cheong SL, Tan SA. Implications of Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase and gingipain R in human health and diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:987683. [PMID: 36250046 PMCID: PMC9559808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.987683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogenic bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Citrullination has been reported as the underlying mechanism of the pathogenesis, which relies on the interplay between two virulence factors of the bacterium, namely gingipain R and the bacterial peptidyl arginine deiminase. Gingipain R cleaves host proteins to expose the C-terminal arginines for peptidyl arginine deiminase to citrullinate and generate citrullinated proteins. Apart from carrying out citrullination in the periodontium, the bacterium is found capable of citrullinating proteins present in the host synovial tissues, atherosclerotic plaques and neurons. Studies have suggested that both virulence factors are the key factors that trigger distal effects mediated by citrullination, leading to the development of some non-communicable diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, inhibition of these virulence factors not only can mitigate periodontitis, but also can provide new therapeutic solutions for systematic diseases involving bacterial citrullination. Herein, we described both these proteins in terms of their unique structural conformations and biological relevance to different human diseases. Moreover, investigations of inhibitory actions on the enzymes are also enumerated. New approaches for identifying inhibitors for peptidyl arginine deiminase through drug repurposing and virtual screening are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Chan Chow
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hok Chai Yam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng Yeen Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng Yue Wo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | - Yien Yien Ong
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Sheri-Ann Tan, ; Siew Lee Cheong,
| | - Sheri-Ann Tan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Sheri-Ann Tan, ; Siew Lee Cheong,
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8
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Bacterial Infections and Atherosclerosis – A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most challenging subsets of coronary artery disease in humans, in which risk factors emerge from childhood, and its prevalence increases with age. Experimental research demonstrates that infections due to bacteria stimulate atherogenic events. Atherosclerosis has complex pathophysiology that is linked with several bacterial infections by damaging the inner arterial wall and heart muscles directly and indirectly by provoking a systemic pro-inflammation and acute-phase protein. Repeated bacterial infections trigger an inflammatory cascade that triggers immunological responses that negatively impact cardiovascular biomarkers includes triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, heat shock proteins, cytokines, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count. Herein, we intended to share the role of bacterial infection in atherosclerosis and evaluate existing evidence of animal and human trials on the association between bacterial infections and atherosclerosis on update.
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9
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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10
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González-Febles J, Sanz M. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: What have we learned about their connection and their treatment? Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:181-203. [PMID: 34463976 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases defined respectively by the destruction of the articular cartilage and tooth-supporting periodontal tissues. Although the epidemiologic evidence for an association between these two diseases is still scarce, there is emerging scientific information linking specific bacterial periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in the citrullination process, leading to autoantibody formation and compromised immunotolerance of the susceptible patient to rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we update the existing information on the evidence, not only regarding the epidemiologic association, but also the biologic mechanisms linking these two diseases. Finally, we review information emerging from intervention studies evaluating whether periodontal treatment could influence the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerián González-Febles
- Departament of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on the Aetiology and Treatment of Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases (ETEP), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Departament of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on the Aetiology and Treatment of Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases (ETEP), Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Secreted gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis induce microglia migration through endosomal signaling by protease-activated receptor 2. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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A Population-Based Study on the Association between Periodontal Disease and Major Lifestyle-Related Comorbidities in South Korea: An Elderly Cohort Study from 2002-2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56110575. [PMID: 33138320 PMCID: PMC7693625 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the association between periodontal disease (PD) and major lifestyle-related comorbidities (LCs) using the database of the nationwide population-based National Health Insurance Service–Elderly Cohort 2002–2015. A nationwide representative sample comprising 558,147 participants, aged 60 years, was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and economic factors (sex, age, household income, insurance status, health status, and living area) and major LCs (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, cerebral infarction, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, erectile dysfunction, lipoprotein disorder, and obesity) were used to determine the association between PD and major LCs. Elderly participants with PD had a higher risk of major LCs (hypertension: odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, diabetes mellitus: OR = 1.22, rheumatoid arthritis: OR = 1.16, osteoporosis: OR = 1.37, erectile dysfunction: OR = 1.73, lipoprotein disorder: OR = 1.50, and obesity: OR = 1.59). Our longitudinal cohort study provided evidence that PD was significantly associated with major LCs in elderly participants. In particular, the association between PD and erectile dysfunction had the highest OR in the multivariate analyses.
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13
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Association of Periodontitis with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197261. [PMID: 33020434 PMCID: PMC7578974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) development using the National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort 2.0 (NHIS-NSC2) database, which contains data for approximately 1 million nationally representative random participants. We selected 52,425 participants aged 20+ years and diagnosed with periodontitis from January to December 2003 and used propensity score matching to select an equivalent number of participants who were never diagnosed with periodontitis in the period covered by the NHIS-NSC2 database (2002–2015). The propensity scores were based on sex, age group, type of national health insurance, household income, diabetes status, and hypertension status and were used for 1:1 matching of individuals with similar propensities. A total of 104,850 participants were selected for the study. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to investigate the risk of ACVD development due to periodontitis from 2003 to 2015 after adjusting for sex, age, type of national health insurance, household income, hypertension status, and diabetes status. Participants with periodontitis had a higher risk of ACVD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.13) than those without periodontitis. Thus, periodontitis can increase the risk of ACVD, and prevention of periodontitis may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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14
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Alipour H, Shahriari-Namadi M, Ebrahimi S, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Wound healing potential: evaluation of molecular profiling and amplification of Lucilia sericata angiopoietin-1 mRNA mid-part. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:308. [PMID: 32611449 PMCID: PMC7329540 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective High prevalence of chronic ulcers and the burden of disease necessitate the increasingly significant production of new recombinant proteins in the world. The angiopoietin-1 enzyme is a part of the growth factors group which is secreted by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae when they meet lesions to ensure maggot therapy. It is one of the most potent proteins in wound healing. Given its essential role, the angiopoietin-1 gene of L. sericata was characterized, which provided some necessary information on its identity. Results The mid-part of the angiopoietin-1 mRNA sequence was thus characterized based on the design of different primers such as exon-exon junction, conserved regions, and specific region primers via conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Its structural features were configured by in silico method. The sequence of mid-part (390 bp) of angiopoietin-1 was determined empirically, and BLAST analysis unraveled its high identity (85%) with the sequence of angiopoietin-1 mRNA of the larval housefly, Musca domestica. The homology of this enzyme also exhibited that its nucleic acid sequence was very similar to the domains of angiopoietin-1 in Lucilia cuprina. The current data are instructive and critical to evaluate the action of this enzyme in recombinant protein production in future molecular studies on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Alipour
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marziae Shahriari-Namadi
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad D Moemenbellah-Fard
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Wu Y, Xu W, Hou J, Liu Y, Li R, Liu J, Li C, Tang X, Lin L, Pan Y, Zhang D. Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced MIF Regulates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in EA.hy926 Cells and Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Through the Receptors CD74 and CXCR4. Inflammation 2019; 42:874-883. [PMID: 30506423 PMCID: PMC6527533 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an important pathogen that contributes to periodontal disease and causes infections that promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Our previous studies showed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) facilitates monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by regulating the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in P. gingivalis-infected endothelial cells. However, the detailed pathological role of MIF has yet to be elucidated in this context. To explore the functional receptor(s) of MIF that underlie its participation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated the expression of the chemokine receptors CD74 and CXCR4 in endothelial cells, both of which were shown to be involved in the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells pretreated with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, the formation of a MIF, CD74, and CXCR4 ligand-receptor complex was revealed by our immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation results. By interacting with the CD74/CXCR4 receptor complex, MIF may act as a crucial regulator of monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and promote the atherosclerotic plaque formation induced by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Wanyue Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Jingya Hou
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
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16
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Orlova E, Carlson JC, Lee MK, Feingold E, McNeil DW, Crout RJ, Weyant RJ, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Pilot GWAS of caries in African-Americans shows genetic heterogeneity. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:215. [PMID: 31533690 PMCID: PMC6751797 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in the US and disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. Caries is heritable, and though genetic heterogeneity exists between ancestries for a substantial portion of loci associated with complex disease, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of caries specifically in African Americans has not been performed previously. METHODS We performed exploratory GWAS of dental caries in 109 African American adults (age > 18) and 96 children (age 3-12) from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA1 cohort). Caries phenotypes (DMFS, DMFT, dft, and dfs indices) assessed by dental exams were tested for association with 5 million genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), separately in the two age groups. The GWAS was performed using linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, and two principal components of ancestry. A maximum of 1 million adaptive permutations were run to determine empirical significance. RESULTS No loci met the threshold for genome-wide significance, though some of the strongest signals were near genes previously implicated in caries such as antimicrobial peptide DEFB1 (rs2515501; p = 4.54 × 10- 6) and TUFT1 (rs11805632; p = 5.15 × 10- 6). Effect estimates of lead SNPs at suggestive loci were compared between African Americans and Caucasians (adults N = 918; children N = 983). Significant (p < 5 × 10- 8) genetic heterogeneity for caries risk was found between racial groups for 50% of the suggestive loci in children, and 12-18% of the suggestive loci in adults. CONCLUSIONS The genetic heterogeneity results suggest that there may be differences in the contributions of genetic variants to caries across racial groups, and highlight the critical need for the inclusion of minorities in subsequent and larger genetic studies of caries in order to meet the goals of precision medicine and to reduce oral health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - J C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M K Lee
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D W McNeil
- Departments of Psychology, & Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - R J Crout
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R J Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health and Information Management, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Chopra A, Sivaraman K. An update on possible pathogenic mechanisms of periodontal pathogens on renal dysfunction. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:514-538. [PMID: 30729832 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1553847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a potential source of permanent systemic inflammation that initiates renal dysfunction and contributes to the development of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Although numerous studies have confirmed the bidirectional role of periodontal infection and renal inflammation, no literature has yet highlighted the sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens, particularly Porphynomonas Gingivalis, induce renal dysfunction and contributed in the development of CKDs. The present review aims to critically analyze and highlight the novel pathogenesis of periodontitis induced CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Sivaraman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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18
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Mesa F, Magan-Fernandez A, Castellino G, Chianetta R, Nibali L, Rizzo M. Periodontitis and mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk: Novel insights and future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:476-484. [PMID: 30529255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues caused by the accumulation of subgingival plaque and the action of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria. Periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, such as the infection of atherosclerotic plaques by periodontal pathogens, the pro-atherogenic effect on the lipid profile, the systemic dissemination of pro-inflammatory mediators or the contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment has also been related to improvement in cardiometabolic risk variables, and oral hygiene techniques may be useful in reducing cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this review is to provide new and recent insights on the relationship between periodontitis and cardiometabolic risk, focusing on recent evidence. Comments on shared potential therapeutic targets, such as the role of glucagon-like peptide 1, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppa Castellino
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
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19
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Peyyala R, Emecen-Huja P, Ebersole JL. Environmental lead effects on gene expression in oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:961-971. [PMID: 30152021 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Host responses in periodontitis span a range of local and emigrating cell types and biomolecules. Accumulating evidence regarding the expression of this disease across the population suggests some component of genetic variation that controls onset and severity of disease, in concert with the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the oral microbiome at sites of disease. However, there remains little information regarding the capacity of accruing environmental stressors or modifiers over a lifespan at both the host genetic and microbial ecology levels to understand fully the population variation in disease. This study evaluated the impact of environmental lead exposure on the responses of oral epithelial cells to challenge with a model pathogenic oral biofilm. METHODS AND RESULTS Using NanoString technology to quantify gene expression profiles of an array of 511 host response-associated genes in the epithelial cells, we identified an interesting primary panel of basal responses of the cells with numerous genes not previously considered as major response markers for epithelial cells, eg, interleukin (IL)-32, CTNNB1, CD59, MIF, CD44 and CD99. Even high levels of environment lead had little effect on these constitutive responses. Challenge of the cells with the biofilms (Streptococcus gordonii/Fusobacterium nucleatum/Porphyromonas gingivalis) resulted in significant increases in an array of host immune-related genes (134 of 511). The greatest magnitude in differential expression was observed with many genes not previously described as major response genes in epithelial cells, including IL-32, CD44, NFKBIA, CTSC, TNFAIP3, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-8 and CCL20. The effects of environmental lead on responses to the biofilms were mixed, although levels of IL-8, CCL20 and CD70 were significantly decreased at lead concentrations of 1 and/or 5 μmol/L. CONCLUSION The results provided new information on a portfolio of genes expressed by oral epithelial cells, targeted substantial increases in an array of immune-related genes post-biofilm challenge, and a focused impact of environmental lead on these induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Peyyala
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Pinar Emecen-Huja
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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20
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Xu W, Pan Y, Xu Q, Wu Y, Pan J, Hou J, Lin L, Tang X, Li C, Liu J, Zhang D. Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 promotes intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion through macrophage migration inhibitory factor. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:16. [PMID: 29482504 PMCID: PMC5828317 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the main pathogenic bacteria involved in periodontitis, induces the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. This effect plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis development. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine and critically affects atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this study, we tested the involvement of MIF in the P. gingivalis ATCC 33277-enhanced adhesive properties of endothelial cells. RESULTS Endothelial MIF expression was enhanced by P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 infection. The MIF inhibitor ISO-1 inhibited ICAM-1 production in endothelial cells, and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was induced by P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 infection. However, the addition of exogenous human recombinant MIF to P. gingivalis ATCC 33277-infected endothelial cells facilitated monocyte recruitment by promoting ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These experiments revealed that MIF in endothelial cells participates in the pro-atherosclerotic lesion formation caused by P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 infection. Our novel findings identify a more detailed pathological role of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Xu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Jiayu Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Jingya Hou
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North St.117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China.
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21
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Pourhajibagher M, Ghorbanzadeh R, Bahador A. Investigation of arginine A-specific cysteine proteinase gene expression profiling in clinical Porphyromonas gingivalis isolates against photokilling action of the photo-activated disinfection. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:337-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Lee JH, Kweon HHI, Choi JK, Kim YT, Choi SH. Association between Periodontal disease and Prostate cancer: Results of a 12-year Longitudinal Cohort Study in South Korea. J Cancer 2017; 8:2959-2965. [PMID: 28928887 PMCID: PMC5604447 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) accompanying periodontal disease (PD) is anticipated to increase due to population aging. The aim of this study was to determine the association between PD and PC using data in the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort (NHIS-HEC). A random stratified sample of 187,934 South Koreans was collected from the NHIS database from 2002 to 2013. We assessed the relationship between PD and PC while adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, age, household income, insurance status, residence area, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebral infarction, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, smoking status, alcohol intake, and regular exercise). The overall incidence of PC with PD among those aged 40 years and older was 0.28% (n = 531). In the multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors, PD was associated with a 14% higher risk of PC (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01-1.31, P = 0.042). The findings of this study suggest that PD is significantly and positively associated with PC. Further studies are required to identify the mechanisms underlying the links between PD and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Helen Hye-In Kweon
- Department of Periodontology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Health Insurance Research, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Taek Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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Pothineni NVK, Subramany S, Kuriakose K, Shirazi LF, Romeo F, Shah PK, Mehta JL. Infections, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:3195-3201. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lee JH, Oh JY, Youk TM, Jeong SN, Kim YT, Choi SH. Association between periodontal disease and non-communicable diseases: A 12-year longitudinal health-examinee cohort study in South Korea. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7398. [PMID: 28658175 PMCID: PMC5500097 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort during 2002 to 2013 was used to investigate the associations between periodontal disease (PD) and the following non-communicable diseases (NCDs): hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, cerebral infarction, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and obesity.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders during the follow-up period-including age, sex, household income, insurance status, residence area, health status, and comorbidities-were used to estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in order to assess the associations between PD and NCDs.We enrolled 200,026 patients with PD and 154,824 subjects with a healthy oral status. Statistically, significant associations were found between PD and the investigated NCDs except for cerebral and myocardial infarction after adjusting for sociodemographic and comorbidity factors (P < .05). In particular, obesity (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.04-1.63, P = .022), osteoporosis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.18-1.27, P < .001), and angina pectoris (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.17-1.27, P < .001) were significantly and positively associated with PD.This longitudinal cohort study has provided evidence that patients with PD are at increased risk of NCDs. Further studies are required to confirm the reliability of this association and elucidate the role of the inflammatory pathway in periodontitis pathogenesis as a triggering and mediating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon
| | - Jin-Young Oh
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul
| | | | - Seong-Nyum Jeong
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon
| | - Young-Taek Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul
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Jayaprakash K, Demirel I, Gunaltay S, Khalaf H, Bengtsson T. PKC, ERK/p38 MAP kinases and NF-κB targeted signalling play a role in the expression and release of IL-1β and CXCL8 in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected THP1 cells. APMIS 2017; 125:623-633. [PMID: 28493507 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis and is gaining importance in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) on monocytes recognize the structural components on P. gingivalis, inducing inflammatory intermediates. Here, we elucidate the modulation of PARs, TLRs, NODs, and the role of MAPK and NF-κB in IL-1β and CXCL8 release. THP1 cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis wild-type W50 and its isogenic gingipain mutants: Rgp mutant E8 and Kgp mutant K1A. We observed modulation of PARs, TLRs, NOD, IL-1β and CXCL8 expression by P. gingivalis. Gingipains hydrolyse IL-1β and CXCL8, which is more evident for IL-1β accumulation at 24 h. Inhibition of PKC (protein kinase C), p38 and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) partially reduced P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β at 6 h, whereas PKC and ERK reduced CXCL8 at both 6 and 24 h. Following NF-κB inhibition, P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β and CXCL8 were completely suppressed to basal levels. Overall, TLRs, PARs and NOD possibly act in synergy with PKC, MAPK ERK/p38 and NF-κB in P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β and CXCL8 release from THP1 cells. These pro-inflammatory cytokines could affect leucocytes in circulation and exacerbate other vascular inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isak Demirel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sezin Gunaltay
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Lee JH, Choi JK, Kim SH, Cho KH, Kim YT, Choi SH, Jung UW. Association between periodontal flap surgery for periodontitis and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction in Koreans. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2017; 47:96-105. [PMID: 28462008 PMCID: PMC5410557 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort and medical checkup data from 2002 to 2013 were used to evaluate the association between periodontal surgery for the treatment of periodontitis (PSTP) and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (VED). Methods Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to a longitudinal retrospective database to assess the association between PSTP and VED while adjusting for the potential confounding effects of sociodemographic factors (age, household income, insurance status, health status, residence area, and smoking status) and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, cerebral infarction, and myocardial infarction). Results Among the 7,148 PSTP within the 268,296 recruited subjects, the overall prevalence of VED in PSTP was 1.43% (n=102). The bivariate analysis showed that VED was significantly related to PSTP (odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–2.06; P<0.001), and this was confirmed in the multivariate analysis after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06–1.58; P=0.002). Conclusions Subjects with a history of periodontal flap surgery had a significantly higher risk of VED, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Further studies are required to identify the key mechanisms underlying the association between severe periodontal disease and VED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Health Insurance Research, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Taek Kim
- Department of Periodontology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Palm E, Demirel I, Bengtsson T, Khalaf H. The role of toll-like and protease-activated receptors and associated intracellular signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected gingival fibroblasts. APMIS 2017; 125:157-169. [PMID: 28120492 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is considered a keystone agent in periodontitis, has evolved elaborate mechanisms to grow and survive in a hostile milieu. The gingival fibroblast is the major cell type in the gingiva and is considered to be important in the periodontitis-associated inflammation. As a part of the innate immune response, they produce cytokines such as CXCL8 and interleukin (IL)-6 which are believed to contribute to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. This study investigates how the expression of protease-activated receptors (PAR1, PAR2) and toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4) changes with P. gingivalis exposure and how silencing of one receptor affects the expression of the other receptors. The importance of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 in the regulation of CXCL8 and IL-6 was also examined. Receptors were knockdown with small-interfering RNA. PKC or p38 was blocked prior to stimulation with P. gingivalis. Fibroblasts were able to compensate for PAR1 knockdown with increased expression of PAR2. PKC and p38 were involved in the regulation of P. gingivalis-induced CXCL8 and IL-6. Our results indicate that PAR1 and PAR2 could be implicated in periodontitis and that PKC and P38 play a role in the inflammatory response in P. gingivalis-infected gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor Palm
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Isak Demirel
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bengtsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Bale BF, Doneen AL, Vigerust DJ. High-risk periodontal pathogens contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Postgrad Med J 2016; 93:215-220. [PMID: 27899684 PMCID: PMC5520251 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is generated by microorganisms. These microbes can enter the general circulation causing a bacteraemia. The result can be adverse systemic effects, which could promote conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Level A evidence supports that PD is independently associated with arterial disease. PD is a common chronic condition affecting the majority of Americans 30 years of age and older. Atherosclerosis remains the largest cause of death and disability. Studies indicate that the adverse cardiovascular effects from PD are due to a few putative or high-risk bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola or Fusobacterium nucleatum. There are three accepted essential elements in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: lipoprotein serum concentration, endothelial permeability and binding of lipoproteins in the arterial intima. There is scientific evidence that PD caused by the high-risk pathogens can influence the pathogenesis triad in an adverse manner. With this appreciation, it is reasonable to state PD, due to high-risk pathogens, is a contributory cause of atherosclerosis. Distinguishing this type of PD as causal provides a significant opportunity to reduce arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Field Bale
- Texas Tech Health Science Center, School of Nursing, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Amy Lynn Doneen
- Texas Tech Health Science Center, School of Nursing, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - David John Vigerust
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Antibacterial effects of Lactobacillus and bacteriocin PLNC8 αβ on the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:188. [PMID: 27538539 PMCID: PMC4990846 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complications in healthcare systems associated with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have resulted in an intense search for new effective antimicrobials. Attractive substances from which novel antibiotics may be developed are the bacteriocins. These naturally occurring peptides are generally considered to be safe and efficient at eliminating pathogenic bacteria. Among specific keystone pathogens in periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be the most important pathogen in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of different Lactobacillus species and the two-peptide bacteriocin PLNC8 αβ on P. gingivalis. Results Growth inhibition of P. gingivalis was obtained by viable Lactobacillus and culture media from L. plantarum NC8 and 44048, but not L. brevis 30670. The two-peptide bacteriocin from L. plantarum NC8 (PLNC8 αβ) was found to be efficient against P. gingivalis through binding followed by permeabilization of the membranes, using Surface plasmon resonance analysis and DNA staining with Sytox Green. Liposomal systems were acquired to verify membrane permeabilization by PLNC8 αβ. The antimicrobial activity of PLNC8 αβ was found to be rapid (1 min) and visualized by TEM to cause cellular distortion through detachment of the outer membrane and bacterial lysis. Conclusion Soluble or immobilized PLNC8 αβ bacteriocins may be used to prevent P. gingivalis colonization and subsequent pathogenicity, and thus supplement the host immune system against invading pathogens associated with periodontitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0810-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang B, Sirsjö A, Khalaf H, Bengtsson T. Transcriptional profiling of human smooth muscle cells infected with gingipain and fimbriae mutants of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21911. [PMID: 26907358 PMCID: PMC4764818 DOI: 10.1038/srep21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is considered to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the role of different virulence factors produced by P. gingivalis in this process is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional profiling of human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) infected with wild type, gingipain mutants or fimbriae mutants of P. gingivalis. AoSMCs were exposed to wild type (W50 and 381), gingipain mutants (E8 and K1A), or fimbriae mutants (DPG-3 and KRX-178) of P. gingivalis. We observed that wild type P. gingivalis changes the expression of a considerable larger number of genes in AoSMCs compare to gingipain and fimbriae mutants, respectively. The results from pathway analysis revealed that the common differentially expressed genes for AoSMCs infected by 3 different wild type P. gingivalis strains were enriched in pathways of cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling pathway. Disease ontology analysis showed that various strains of P. gingivalis were associated with different disease profilings. Our results suggest that gingipains and fimbriae, especially arginine-specific gingipain, produced by P. gingivalis play important roles in the association between periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Links between atherosclerotic and periodontal disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:220-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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