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Lohinai ZM, Ruksakiet K, Földes A, Dinya E, Levine M. Genetic Control of GCF Exudation: Innate Immunity Genes and Periodontitis Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14249. [PMID: 37762554 PMCID: PMC10532312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a bacterial infection associated with dentally adherent biofilm (plaque) accumulation and age-related comorbidities. The disease begins as an inflammatory exudate from gingival margins, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in response to biofilm lysine. After a week of experimental gingivitis (no oral hygiene), biofilm lysine concentration was linearly related to biofilm accumulation (plaque index) but to GCF as an arch-shaped double curve which separated 9 strong from 6 weak GCF responders (hosts). Host DNA was examined for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of alleles reported in 7 periodontitis-associated genes. Across all 15 hosts, an adenine SNP (A) at IL1B-511 (rs16944), was significant for strong GCF (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05), and a thymidine SNP (T) at IL1B+3954 (rs1143634) for weak GCF provided 2 hosts possessing IL6-1363(T), rs2069827, were included. The phenotype of IL1B+3954(T) was converted from weak to strong in one host, and of the non-T allele from strong to weak in the other (specific epistasis, Fisher's exact test, p < 0.01). Together with homozygous alternate or reference SNPs at IL10-1082 or CD14-260 in 4 hosts, all hosts were identified as strong or weak GCF responders. The GCF response is therefore a strong or weak genetic trait that indicates strong or weak innate immunity in EG and controllable or uncontrollable periodontal disease, dental implant survival and late-life comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (A.F.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Elek Dinya
- Digital Health Department, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Martin Levine
- Department of Periodontology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Diagnostic tests for titanium hypersensitivity in implant dentistry: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:29. [PMID: 35819566 PMCID: PMC9276909 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are rising concerns about titanium hypersensitivity reaction regarding dental endosseous implants. This review aims to summarize and compare the validity and reliability of the available dermatological and laboratory diagnostic tests regarding titanium hypersensitivity. The following PICO design was used: In Patients with titanium dental implants (P) does epicutaneous testing (ECT) (I), compared to lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) or Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay (MELISA) (C) detect hypersensitivity reactions (O)? A literature search was performed including all studies dealing with this topic. Studies regarding orthopedic implants were excluded. METHODS Three databases (MEDLINE PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO) were screened for suitable studies and an additional manual search was also performed. Literature regarding hypersensitivity reactions in orthopedic implants, hypersensitivity reactions regarding implants not related to dental or maxillofacial surgery, animal studies and in vitro studies were excluded. A quality assessment of all selected full-text articles was performed. Randomized, controlled trials were evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool I. Cohort studies were assessed according to the New Castle-Ottawa Scale and case series according to Moga et al. (Development of a quality appraisal tool for case series studies using a modified Delphi technique. 2012). RESULTS 10 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis and available for the endpoint diagnostics of intolerance reactions to titanium dental implants: 2 clinical studies, 7 cohort studies and 1 case series. The potential for bias (internal validity) for these studies was overall rated as high. CONCLUSIONS The study of the available literature regarding ECT and MELISA or LTT in patients with suspected titanium hypersensitivity showed inconsistent results in terms of reliability and validity and thus, those tests should be regarded cautiously. There is strong evidence that titanium hypersensitivity in dental implants is associated with innate immunity: unspecific pro-inflammatory responses due to particle induced hyperreactivity of macrophages or toxicological responses especially towards nanoparticles rather than activation of the adaptive immune system. Therefore, tests detecting allergies do not seem expedient and inflammatory clinical signs should be regarded as leading parameters.
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Pani P, Tsilioni I, McGlennen R, Brown CA, Hawley CE, Theoharides TC, Papathanasiou E. IL-1B(3954) polymorphism and red complex bacteria increase IL-1β (GCF) levels in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:501-511. [PMID: 33638191 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from healthy and periodontitis sites of IL-1B(3954)-Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) positive and IL-1B(3954)-SNP negative periodontitis subjects in association with their bacterial profiles. BACKGROUND Susceptibility to periodontitis has been associated with several risk factors, including allelic variants at multiple gene loci. Variations in the IL-1 gene cluster have been linked with increased risk for periodontitis. IL-1B(3954)-SNP has been previously associated with increased levels of IL-1β in GCF or periodontal tissues in chronic periodontitis patients, as well as higher levels of specific periodontal pathogens. There is insufficient evidence to conclude if IL-1B gene polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to periodontitis by ultimately modulating the levels of IL-1β in GCF, the subgingival microbial profile or both. MATERIALS AND METHODS GCF, subgingival plaque, and buccal epithelial cells were collected from 32 individuals with periodontitis. GCF IL-1β levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bacterial plaque samples were analyzed for 11 periodontal pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with specific primers for the 16SrRNA gene of each bacterium. IL-1B(3954)-SNP status was determined by identifying the carriers of the polymorphic T allele. RESULTS A significant association was shown between IL-1B(3954)-SNP and IL-1β GCF levels (amount and concentration). The concomitant presence of two or three red complex bacterial species was associated with increased IL-1β GCF levels in periodontitis sites (site-level analysis). The concurrent presence of all three red complex periodontal pathogens and IL-1B(3954)-SNP was associated with the highest IL-1β GCF levels in periodontitis sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an independent association of both IL-1B(3954)-SNP and red complex bacterial species with increased IL-1β levels in GCF of periodontitis sites. A better understanding of the interaction between genetics, bacteria, and inflammation is essential to develop more effective diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Pani
- Department of General Dentistry/Periodontology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Charles E Hawley
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Elammary Y, Sewelam N, Al-Wakeel H, El-Ghamrawy M, Zayed S. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms in Egyptian sickle cell disease patients. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-020-00025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder characterized by a heterogeneous clinical outcome. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are important mediators of inflammatory response. Genetic modifiers that alter cytokine levels may contribute to the clinical variability of SCD. The present study investigated the associations of IL-1β + 3954 C>T and IL-6 (− 174G>C and − 597 G>A) gene polymorphisms with clinical and laboratory data in SCD patients. The study was conducted on 100 SCD patients (59 sickle cell anemia patients “SS” and 41 sickle beta thalassemia patients “Sβ”). Fifty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used for the detection of IL-1β and IL-6 gene polymorphisms.
Results
The homomutant genotypes of IL-1β (+ 3954 C>T), IL-6 (− 174G>C), and IL-6 (− 597 G>A) were infrequently presented among SCD patients and control group. No significant differences were detected between SS, Sβ patients, and control group as regards the genotypic frequencies and allele distributions of the studied polymorphisms. As regards the clinical complications, the mutant genotypes of IL-1β (+ 3954 C>T) had a significantly higher frequency among Sβ patients with splenomegaly. Hemoglobin is significantly lower in SS patients with mutant allele (AA and GA) for IL-6 (− 597 G>A) (P = 0.005), while Sβ patients with mutant genotype for IL-6 (− 597 G>A) had significantly higher total leucocytic count (P = 0.031).
Conclusion
IL-1β (+ 3954 C>T), IL-6 (− 174G>C), and IL-6 (− 597G>A) polymorphisms are not associated with disease phenotype. However, IL6 polymorphism (− 597 G>A) might predispose to underlying inflammatory process.
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Habibe CH, Yoshida RA, Gorjão R, de Gutierrez GM, Heller D, Birbrair A, Santos MTBR. Comparison of salivary cytokines levels among individuals with Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and normoactive. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e446-e451. [PMID: 32509226 PMCID: PMC7263772 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present increased susceptibility to infections and high prevalence of periodontal disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the salivary concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα and IL-12p70 of DS individuals and compare to cerebral palsy (CP) and normoactive patients (all with gingivitis).
Material and Methods Twenty-two individuals with DS, 24 with CP and 22 normoactive participated in this cross-sectional study. Salivary flow rate, osmolality rate, Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index (GI) and salivary inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα and IL-12p70 were evaluated. Shapiro-Wilks, Chi-square, ANOVA One-Way and Kruskal Wallis tests were applied with significance level at 5%.
Results The groups were homogenous for gender, age, and IL12p70 cytokine (p>0.05). GI was significantly higher in DS compared to CP and healthy (p<0.05). CP presented reduced salivary flow and increased osmolality rate. CP showed significantly higher values for TNFα, IL10, and IL6 compared to DS and normoactive (p<0.05). DS and CP presented significantly higher values of IL-1β and IL8 compared to normoactive (p<0.05).
Conclusions Individuals with CP have higher risk to develop periodontal disease due to reduced salivary flow rate, increased salivary osmolality rate and elevated TNFα, IL-10, IL-6 compared to DS. Key words:Cytokines, biomarkers, gingivitis, periodontal diseases, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina-Hartung Habibe
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor, Pediatric Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, UniFOA, Av. Lucas Evangelista de Oliveira Franco, 866, Volta Redonda. Brazil
| | - Rosemeire-Arai Yoshida
- DDS, MSc student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo. Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- MSc, PhD, Adjunt Professor, Postgraduate Program Interdisciplinary in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo. Brazil
| | - Gabriela-Mancia de Gutierrez
- DDS, MSc, Ph.D student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo. Brazil
| | - Debora Heller
- DDS, MSc, PhD, School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo - SP, 01506-000, Brazil. Experimental Research Center, Albert Einstein Israeli Hospital, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, EUA. Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria-Teresa-Botti-Rodrigues Santos
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Individuals with Special Needs, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Biofilm bacteria co‐evolve and reach a symbiosis with the host on the gingival surface. The disruption of the homeostatic relationship between plaque bacteria and the host can initiate and promote periodontal disease progression. Recent advances in sequencing technologies allow researchers to profile disease‐associated microbial communities and quantify microbial metabolic activities and host transcriptional responses. In addition to confirming the findings from previous studies, new putative pathogens and novel genes that have not previously been associated with periodontitis, emerge. For example, multiple studies have reported that Synergistetes bacteria are associated with periodontitis. Genes involved in epithelial barrier defense were downregulated in periodontitis, while excessive expression of interleukin‐17 was associated with a hyperinflammatory response in periodontitis and with a unique microbial community. Bioinformatics‐enabled gene ontology pathway analyses provide a panoramic view of the bacterial and host activities as they shift from periodontal health to disease. Additionally, host innate factors, such as genetic variants identified by either a candidate‐gene approach or genome‐wide association analyses, have an impact on subgingival bacterial colonization. Transgenic mice carrying candidate genetic variants, or with the deletion of candidate genes mimicking the deleterious loss‐of‐function variant effect, provide experimental evidence validating the biologic relevance of the novel markers associated with the microbial phenotype identified through a statistical approach. Further refinement in bioinformatics, data management approaches, or statistical tools, are required to gain insight into host‐microbe interactions by harmonizing the multidimensional “big” data at the genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Zhang
- Periodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ning Yu
- Applied Oral Science Department, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Neppelenbroek KH, Honório HM, Garlet GP. To P or not to P, is that the question? Rethinking experimental design and data analysis to improve biological significance beyond the statistical significance. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e2019ed001. [PMID: 31596371 PMCID: PMC7700743 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-ed001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Citterio F, Romano F, Ferrarotti F, Gualini G, Aimetti M. Quality of methods and reporting in association studies of chronic periodontitis and IL1A -889 and IL1B +3953/4 SNPs: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:457-467. [PMID: 30982982 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the quality of reporting and methodology in genetic association studies between IL1A -889 and IL1B +3954 polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis. BACKGROUND Evidence provided by periodontal research on genetic risk factors is of uttermost importance in clinical practice as a possible diagnostic and prognostic tool for periodontitis. Inadequate reporting of results as well as high risk of bias due to methodological inconsistency hampers the integration of evidence in terms of clinical applicability. METHODS This review includes case-control studies in humans published between 1997 and July 2017. Searching was conducted through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and search handing. Specific scoring systems have been developed to evaluate the quality of methods and reporting. Each article was scored according to its adequacy, and then, the total number and the percentage of items positively qualified for both methods and reporting were calculated. The quality of methods in studies scoring 0-6, 7-12, and 13-16 was, respectively, considered poor, moderate, and good. For reporting, scores of 0-9, 10-18, and 19-26 were deemed of poor, moderate, and good quality, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the correlation between the year of publication and the quality in terms of methods and reporting. RESULTS From the 531 screened studies, 52 met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in the study. The quality of methods and reporting of published genetic association papers on IL1 and chronic periodontitis is moderate. On a scale from 0 to 16, the mean score for methods of the reviewed studies was 8.19 ± 1.93. The items more frequently considered inadequate concerned the handling of confounders in statistical analysis, especially oral hygiene habits, socioeconomic status, subgingival colonization of specific periodontal pathogens, and stress. A significant positive correlation was found between the year of publication and the quality scores in terms of method (r = 0.401, P = 0.003). In terms of reporting, the mean score was 14.83 ± 3.04 on a scale from 0 to 26 and it was considered overall moderate. No statistically significant correlation was found between the year of publication and the quality of reporting (P = 0.266). CONCLUSIONS The association between IL1A -889 and IL1B +3954 polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis is questionable due to methodological inconsistency. Evidence arising from meta-analysis is unreliable due to high risk of bias and moderate quality in terms of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrarotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gualini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Association between the rs1143634 polymorphism in interleukin-1B and chronic periodontitis: Results from a meta-analysis composed by 54 case/control studies. Gene 2018; 668:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Interleukin-10 polymorphisms affect the key periodontal pathogens in Chinese periodontitis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9068. [PMID: 29899423 PMCID: PMC5997982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms have been shown to affect IL-10 production. This study investigated the influences of IL-10 polymorphisms on the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP), and their possible role in the quantity of subgingival bacteria Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. 92 CP patients, 83 AP patients and 91 periodontal healthy controls were recruited. Serum IL-10 concentration was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene polymorphisms were determined by multiplex SNaPshot technique. Bacteria were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan MGB probes. Taking into account age, gender and periodontal status, IL-10-592 AA, -819 TT and ATA/ATA genotype occurred more frequently in patients with CP than in healthy controls. In CP cases, higher quantity of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans and lower serum IL-10 levels could be detected in homozygous ATA/ATA carriers. These findings indicate that variants in IL-10 promoter gene were not only associated with predisposition to chronic periodontitis but also affected the subgingival number of A. Actinomycetemcomitans in a Chinese Han population.
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Genetic Association with Subgingival Bacterial Colonization in Chronic Periodontitis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060271. [PMID: 29882907 PMCID: PMC6027454 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of inflammatory destructive bone disease and has been affecting humans since antiquity. Evidence suggest that genetic factors can highly influence periodontitis risk, modulating disease elements such as the susceptibility to microbial colonization and the nature of subsequent host-microbe interaction. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the occurrence of periodontitis, but the full range of genetic influence in periodontitis outcomes remains to be determined. In this context, this study comprises an analysis of possible correlation between periodontitis-related genetic variants with changes in the subgingival microbiological pattern performed in a Brazilian population (n = 167, comprising 76 chronic periodontitis patients and 91 healthy subjects). For the genetic characterization, 19 candidate SNPs were selected based on the top hits of previous large genome wide association studies (GWAS), while the subgingival microbiota was characterized for the presence and relative quantity of 40 bacterial species by DNA-DNA checkerboard. The case/control association test did not demonstrate a significant effect of the target SNPs with the disease phenotype. The polymorphism rs2521634 proved significantly associated with Tannerella forsythia, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Prevotella nigrescens; rs10010758 and rs6667202 were associated with increased counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis; and rs10043775 proved significantly associated with decreased counts of Prevotella intermedia. In conclusion, we present strong evidence supporting a direct connection between the host’s genetic profile, specifically rs2521634, rs10010758, rs6667202, and rs10043775 polymorphisms, and the occurrence of chronic periodontitis-associated bacteria.
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Kaur G, Grover V, Bhaskar N, Kaur RK, Jain A. Periodontal Infectogenomics. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:8. [PMID: 29760828 PMCID: PMC5937045 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic infectious disease in which the pathogenic bacteria initiate the host immune response leading to the destruction of tooth supporting tissue and eventually result in the tooth loss. It has multifactorial etiological factors including local, systemic, environmental and genetic factors. The effect of genetic factors on periodontal disease is already under extensive research and has explained the role of polymorphisms of immune mediators affecting disease response. The role genetic factors in pathogens colonisation is emerged as a new field of research as "infectogenomics". It is a rapidly evolving and high-priority research area now days. It further elaborates the role of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis and help in the treatment, control and early prevention of infection. The aim of this review is to summarise the contemporary evidence available in the field of periodontal infectogenomics to draw some valuable conclusions to further elaborate its role in disease pathogenesis and its application in the clinical practice. This will open up opportunity for more extensive research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandini Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rose Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India
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CCR5Δ32 (rs333) polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A case-control analysis based in disease resistance and susceptibility phenotypes. Cytokine 2017; 103:142-149. [PMID: 28969941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and aggressive periodontitis are infectious diseases characterized by the irreversible destruction of periodontal tissues, which is mediated by the host inflammatory immune response triggered by periodontal infection. The chemokine receptor CCR5 play an important role in disease pathogenesis, contributing to pro-inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis. CCR5Δ32 (rs333) is a loss-of-function mutation in the CCR5 gene, which can potentially modulate the host response and, consequently periodontitis outcome. Thus, we investigated the effect of the CCR5Δ32 mutation over the risk to suffer periodontitis in a cohort of Brazilian patients (total N=699), representative of disease susceptibility (chronic periodontitis, N=197; and aggressive periodontitis, N=91) or resistance (chronic gingivitis, N=193) phenotypes, and healthy subjects (N=218). Additionally, we assayed the influence of CCR5Δ32 in the expression of the biomarkers TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ and T-bet, and key periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. In the association analysis of resistant versus susceptible subjects, CCR5Δ32 mutant allele-carriers proved significantly protected against chronic (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.83; p-value 0.01) and aggressive (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.22-0.94; p-value 0.03) periodontitis. Further, heterozygous subjects exhibited significantly decreased expression of TNFα in periodontal tissues, pointing to a functional effect of the mutation in periodontal tissues during the progression of the disease. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in the presence or quantity of the periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola in the subgingival biofilm that could be attributable to the mutant genotype.
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Finoti LS, Nepomuceno R, Pigossi SC, Corbi SCT, Secolin R, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Association between interleukin-8 levels and chronic periodontal disease: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6932. [PMID: 28562542 PMCID: PMC5459707 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current publications present contradictory findings regarding interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). This systematic review compile evidences of the IL8 mRNA and protein levels in gingival tissue, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) investigated in patients with CP. Moreover, 2 meta-analyses were made focusing on the IL-8 levels in GCF and saliva of patients with or without CP. METHODS Electronic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were conducted for publications up to February 2016 that investigated the levels of IL-8 detected in individuals with CP compared with health individuals. A total of 31 publications were included in the systematic review. For meta-analyses, the strength of association was calculated by pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan 5.1 software. Heterogeneity was examined using Higgins I-squared, tau-squared, and χ tests. RESULTS In biopsies of gingival tissue of CP patients, all studies found higher IL8 mRNA levels, and the majority of studies showed higher IL-8 protein levels in this tissue of individuals with moderate to severe CP. Four studies investigating the IL-8 levels in saliva showed inconclusive results. In spite of some studies seemed to indicate higher levels of IL-8 in GCF of CP patients, the meta-analysis results showed significantly lower IL-8 levels (pg/μL) in GCF of CP patients in comparison with periodontally healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that IL8 gene expression and IL-8 protein levels were higher in gingival tissues of CP patients when compared to periodontally health individuals. Meta-analysis of studies that measured IL-8 (pg/uL) in GCF found lower levels in CP patients. There are conflicting evidences regarding IL-8 levels in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzane C Pigossi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia CT Corbi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Trombone APF, Cavalla F, Silveira EMV, Andreo CB, Francisconi CF, Fonseca AC, Letra A, Silva RM, Garlet GP. MMP1-1607 polymorphism increases the risk for periapical lesion development through the upregulation MMP-1 expression in association with pro-inflammatory milieu elements. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:366-75. [PMID: 27556208 PMCID: PMC4990366 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720160112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity is a hallmark of periapical granulomas. However, the factors underlying the MMPs expression modulation in healthy and diseased periapical tissues remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Favaro Trombone
- - Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil.,- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Camile Bermejo Andreo
- - Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Angélica Cristina Fonseca
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- - University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Houston, USA
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- - University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Houston, USA
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Onabolu O, Lin GH. Periodontal infectogenomics: systematic review of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:889-900. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Clinical Oral Research Centre; Institute of Dentistry; Queen Mary University London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Anna Di Iorio
- Library Services; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | | | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor MI USA
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Ribeiro MSM, Pacheco RBA, Fischer RG, Macedo JMB. Interaction of IL1B and IL1RN polymorphisms, smoking habit, gender, and ethnicity with aggressive and chronic periodontitis susceptibility. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:349-56. [PMID: 27630500 PMCID: PMC5004549 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.188560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, associations between IL1 gene cluster polymorphisms and the disease remains unclear. Aims: To investigate the importance of IL1B-511C>T (rs16944), IL1B +3954C>T (rs1143634), and IL1RN intron 2 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) (rs2234663) polymorphisms, individually or in combination, as the risk factors of periodontitis in a Southeastern Brazilian population with a high degree of miscegenation. Subjects and Methods: A total of 145 individuals, with aggressive (aggressive periodontitis [AgP], n = 43) and chronic (chronic periodontitis [CP], n = 52) periodontitis, and controls (n = 50) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (IL1RN intron 2 VNTR) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) (IL1B-511 C>T and IL1B + 3954C>T) techniques. Statistical Analysis: The independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used. The SNPStats program was used for haplotype estimation and multiplicative interaction analyses. Results: The IL1B +3954T allele represented risk for CP (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84), particularly in smokers (OR = 4.43) and females (OR = 6.00). The minor alleles IL1RN*2 and *3 increased the risk of AgP (OR = 2.18), especially the IL1RN*2*2 genotype among white Brazilians (OR = 7.80). Individuals with the combinations of the IL1B + 3954T and IL1RN*2 or *3-containing genotypes were at increased risk of developing CP (OR = 4.50). Considering the three polymorphisms (rs16944, rs1143634, and rs2234663), the haplotypes TC2 and CT1 represented risk for AgP (OR = 3.41) and CP (OR = 6.39), respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the IL1B +3954C>T and IL1RN intron 2 VNTR polymorphisms are potential candidates for genetic biomarkers of periodontitis, particularly in specific groups of individuals.
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18
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Investigation of the functional role of human Interleukin-8 gene haplotypes by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31180. [PMID: 27499075 PMCID: PMC4976357 DOI: 10.1038/srep31180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene polymorphisms have been considered as susceptibility factors in periodontal disease. However, the functional roles of IL-8 gene haplotypes have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to engineer the IL-8 gene, and tested the functionality of different haplotypes. Two sgRNAs vectors targeting the IL-8 gene and the naked homologous repair DNA carrying different haplotypes were used to successfully generate HEK293T cells carrying the AT genotype at the first SNP - rs4073 (alias -251), TT genotype at the second SNP - rs2227307 (alias +396), TC or CC genotypes at the third SNP - rs2227306 (alias +781) at the IL-8 locus. When stimulated with Poly I:C, ATC/TTC haplotype, cells significantly up-regulated the IL-8 at both transcriptional and translational levels. To test whether ATC/TTC haplotype is functional, we used a trans-well assay to measure the transmigration of primary neutrophils incubated with supernatants from the Poly I:C stimulation experiment. ATC/TTC haplotype cells significantly increased transmigration of neutrophils confirming the functional role for this IL-8 haplotype. Taken together, our data provides evidence that carriage of the ATC/TTC haplotype in itself may increase the influx of neutrophils in inflammatory lesions and influence disease susceptibility.
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Determination of NLRP3 (rs4612666) and IL-1B (rs1143634) genetic polymorphisms in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 65:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Cavalla F, Biguetti CC, Colavite PM, Silveira EV, Martins W, Letra A, Trombone APF, Silva RM, Garlet GP. TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) polymorphism is associated with increased risk of chronic periodontitis and increased T-bet expression in periodontal lesions, but does not significantly impact the IFN-g transcriptional level or the pattern of periodontophatic bacterial infection. Virulence 2016; 6:293-304. [PMID: 25832120 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1029828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1-polarized host response, mediated by IFN-γ, has been associated with increased severity of periodontal disease as well as control of periodontal infection. The functional polymorphism TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) increases the transcriptional activity of the TBX21 gene (essential for Th1 polarization) resulting in a predisposition to a Th-1 biased immune response. Thus, we conducted a case-control study, including a population of healthy controls (H, n = 218), chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 197), and chronic gingivitis patients (CG, n = 193), to investigate if genetic variations in TBX21 could impact the development of Th1 responses, and consequently influence the pattern of bacterial infection and periodontitis outcome. We observed that the polymorphic allele T was significantly enriched in the CP patients compared to CG subjects, while the H controls demonstrated and intermediate genotype. Also, investigating the putative functionality TBX21-1993T/C in the modulation of local response, we observed that the transcripts levels of T-bet, but not of IFN-γ, were upregulated in homozygote and heterozygote polymorphic subjects. In addition, TBX21-1993T/C did not influence the pattern of bacterial infection or the clinical parameters of disease severity, being the presence/absence of red complex bacteria the main factor associated with the disease status and the subrogate variable probing depth (PD) in the logistic regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavalla
- a Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Universidade de São Paulo (FOB/USP) ; Bauru , Brazil
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21
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Khosravi A, Javan B, Tabatabaiefar MA, Ebadi H, Fathi D, Shahbazi M. Association of interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and haplotypes with multiple sclerosis in an Iranian population. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Gennaro G, Claudino M, Cestari TM, Ceolin D, Germino P, Garlet GP, de Assis GF. Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134784. [PMID: 26270535 PMCID: PMC4535908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the main feature of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia increases the severity of periodontal disease via an exacerbated inflammatory response, activated by advanced glycation end products and their receptor, RAGE. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents represent potential inhibitors of this pathological interaction. In particular, green tea has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties mediated by its polyphenol content. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mechanisms by which green tea attenuates the spontaneous onset of diabetes-induced periodontitis. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic and control animals were divided into water-treated and green tea-treated subgroups and were analyzed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after diabetes induction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively evaluate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) expression in serial sections of each hemimaxilla. Morphometric measurements of the distance from the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) of the superior distal root of the first molar to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) were performed to assess bone loss. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in significant bone loss and alterations in the number of cells that stained positive for inflammatory mediators. In the diabetic rats treated with green tea, we observed a decreased number of cells expressing RANKL and TNF-α compared with that observed in the diabetic rats treated with water. Additionally, green tea increased the numbers of cells that stained positive for OPG, RUNX-2 and IL-10 in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Green tea intake reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the osteoclastogenic mediator RANKL to normal levels while increasing expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the osteogenesis-related factor RUNX-2 and the anti-osteoclastogenic factor OPG. Therefore, green tea represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-related periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcela Claudino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ceolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Germino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco de Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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HLA Haplotypes and Genotypes Frequencies in Brazilian Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:481656. [PMID: 26339134 PMCID: PMC4539106 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have a pivotal role in immune response and may be involved in antigen recognition of periodontal pathogens. However, the associations of HLA with chronic periodontitis (CP) have not been previously studied in the Brazilian population. In an attempt to clarify the issue of genetic predisposition to CP, we examined the distribution of HLA alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in patients from Southern Brazil. One hundred and eight CP patients and 151 healthy and unrelated controls with age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched were HLA investigated by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific oligonucleotides. To exclude smoking as a predisposing factor, statistical analyses were performed in the total sample and in nonsmoking individuals. The significant results showed a positive association of the A∗ 02/HLA-B∗ 40 haplotype with CP (total samples: 4.2% versus 0%, Pc = 0.03; nonsmokers: 4.3% versus 0%, Pc = 0.23) and a lower frequency of HLA-B∗ 15/HLA-DRB1∗ 11 haplotype in CP compared to controls (total samples: 0.0% versus 4.3%, Pc = 0.04; nonsmokers: 0 versus 5.1%, P = 1.0). In conclusion, the HLA-A∗ 02/B∗ 40 haplotype may contribute to the development of CP, while HLA-B∗ 15/DRB1∗ 11 haplotype might indicate resistance to disease among Brazilians.
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Mendonça SA, Teixeira FG, Oliveira KM, Santos DB, Marques LM, Amorim MM, Gestinari RDS. Study of the association between the interleukin-1 β c.3954C>T polymorphism and periodontitis in a population sample from Bahia, Brazil. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:176-82. [PMID: 26097351 PMCID: PMC4456738 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.156040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. Different factors are associated with the onset and prognosis of this disease, both environmental and genetic. The latter particularly relate to molecules secreted as a function of the host immune response, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies indicate that the polymorphism c. 3954C > T in the interleukin-1 β encoding gene (IL1B) can be considered as an aggravating factor in the periodontitis condition. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between the IL1B c. 3954C > T gene polymorphism and the prevalence of periodontitis in the population from Vitória da Conquista-Bahia, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 347 subjects (134 cases and 213 controls) who provided epithelial tissue of the oral cavity and saliva samples for DNA extraction and quantification of IL1B, respectively, were selected. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism followed by electrophoresis in agarose gel. The evaluation of the cytokine concentration was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical calculations involved in this work include Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Our findings revealed that: (i) No statistically significant relationship between periodontitis and the polymorphism studied was observed; (ii) no significant difference between the concentrations of IL1B in saliva between the case and control subjects and between the genotypes of these individuals and the concentrations of this cytokine. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, in the sample evaluated, the IL1B c. 3954C > T polymorphism did not present as an etiological factor for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Mendonça
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kamilla M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Djanilson B Santos
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Bahia Recôncavo, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maise M Amorim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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Sales-Peres SHDC, de Moura-Grec PG, Yamashita JM, Torres EA, Dionísio TJ, Leite CVDS, Sales-Peres A, Ceneviva R. Periodontal status and pathogenic bacteria after gastric bypass: a cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:530-6. [PMID: 25924695 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim this study was to evaluate the influence of gastric bypass surgery (GBS) on periodontal disease and quantify the periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients undergoing this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study was composed of 50 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and the data collection was performed in three periods pre-operative, 6 (6M) and 12 months (12 M) postoperative. The oral clinical examination to assess periodontal disease; gingival fluid sample collection for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia using q-PCR; body mass index (BMI) and for collection of the individual's health-related data from medical files. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and glucose levels after surgery. The mean probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) increased significantly in the postoperative period of 6 months (p = 0.001). In the same period, the amount of P. gingivalis increased (p = 0.028) and the other bacteria decreased slightly (p > 0.050). In the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola and P. intermedia, a poor periodontal condition was observed. CONCLUSION The periodontal disease increased in severity and P. gingivalis increased after GBS. A systemic inflammation resolution due to bariatric surgery in obese subjects does not seem to affect the course of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Garcia de Moura-Grec
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Joselene Martinelli Yamashita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Elza Araujo Torres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Arsenio Sales-Peres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Ceneviva
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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26
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Severe periodontal disease associated with long-term treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Case Rep Dent 2014; 2014:860804. [PMID: 25379295 PMCID: PMC4213401 DOI: 10.1155/2014/860804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used in the treatment of neuropathy. This case report presents, for the first time, a patient with severe periodontal destruction after chronic therapy with IVIG. The patient reported having extracted his maxillary anterior teeth himself due to high mobility. Clinical examination and radiographic images show a generalized and severe periodontitis. No significant alterations in genetic or microbiological features were observed. The present case suggests that periodontal disease aggravation could be considered a new adverse effect of IVIG therapy. Postulated mechanisms are immune complexes formation, complement activation, and a direct effect in osteoclasts. In conclusion, it is important that patients that will receive IVIG treatment underwent dental evaluation.
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27
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Zhang N, Xu Y, Zhang B, Zhang T, Yang H, Zhang B, Feng Z, Zhong D. Analysis of interleukin-8 gene variants reveals their relative importance as genetic susceptibility factors for chronic periodontitis in the Han population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104436. [PMID: 25101955 PMCID: PMC4125212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-8, an important chemokine that regulates the inflammatory response, plays an important role in periodontitis. Previous studies indicate that certain IL-8 gene polymorphisms are associated with periodontitis susceptibility in some populations. However, the literature is somewhat contradictory, and not all IL-8 polymorphisms have been examined, particularly in Han Chinese individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of every IL-8 SNP with chronic periodontitis in Han Chinese individuals. We analyzed 23 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF)≥0.01, which were selected from 219 SNPs in the NCBI dbSNP and preliminary HapMap data analyses from a cohort of 400 cases and 750 controls from genetically independent Han Chinese individuals. Single SNP, haplotype and gender-specific associations were performed. We found that rs4073 and rs2227307 were significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. Further haplotype analysis indicated that a haplotype block (rs4073-rs2227307-rs2227306) that spans the promoter and exon1 of IL-8 was highly associated with chronic periodontitis. Additionally, the ATC haplotype in this block was increased 1.5-fold in these cases. However, when analyzing the samples by gender, no significant gender-specific associations in IL-8 were observed, similar to the results of haplotype association analyses in female and male subgroups. Our results provide further evidence that IL-8 is associated with chronic periodontitis in Han Chinese individuals. Furthermore, our results confirm previous reports suggesting the intriguing possibilities that IL-8 plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and that this gene may be involved in the etiology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Haojie Yang
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zufei Feng
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dexing Zhong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Finoti LS, Corbi SCT, Anovazzi G, Teixeira SRL, Capela MV, Tanaka MH, Kim YJ, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Mayer MPA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Pathogen levels and clinical response to periodontal treatment in patients with Interleukin 8 haplotypes. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:21-28. [PMID: 23821559 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis on the levels of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters in patients with different genetic backgrounds produced by polymorphisms in the Interleukin ( IL8) gene. Thirty patients grouped according to IL8 ATC/TTC or AGT/TTC haplotypes were submitted to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were determined in 240 subgingival plaque samples by qPCR. The association between IL8 haplotypes and the levels of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters was investigated by multilevel analysis accounting for the clustering of diseased sites analyzed within patients. It was observed that neither levels of periodontopathogens nor non-surgical treatment was associated with the IL8 haplotype. The clinical parameters after periodontal treatment were similar in diseased and healthy sites, independently of the IL8 haplotype. Nonetheless, in the same period, diseased sites of AGT/TTC patients harbored higher levels of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and red complex than those of ATC/TTC patients. However, the non-surgical periodontal therapy decreased the levels of these periodontopathogens and of the tested clinical parameters of diseased sites in both groups. Non-surgical therapy is equally effective in improving clinical parameters and decreasing the levels of periodontopathogens, independent of the genotype groups produced by the IL8 haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia C T Corbi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Anovazzi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia R L Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa V Capela
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia H Tanaka
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Yeon J Kim
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana R P Orrico
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Corbi SCT, Finoti LS, Anovazzi G, Tanaka MH, Kim YJ, Secolin R, Marcaccini AM, Gerlach RF, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Clinical outcomes of periodontal therapy are not influenced by the ATC/TTC haplotype in the IL8 gene. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:489-98. [PMID: 24033189 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial condition, few studies have investigated the potential association of gene variants with the outcome of periodontal therapy. In a previous study, we reported that variants in the interleukin-8 (IL8) gene were associated with CP in a Brazilian population. The aim of this nonrandomized study was to investigate whether genetic susceptibility to CP, conferred by the presence of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype, influences the clinical outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and the IL-8 protein levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one individuals were grouped according to the presence (susceptible to CP; n = 21) or absence (not susceptible to CP; n = 20) of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. These individuals received nonsurgical periodontal therapy from one periodontist, who was blinded to the genetic status of each patient, and follow up continued for 45 d. The clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at baseline and on day 45. The IL-8 levels were determined by an ELISA. The data were subjected to the Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon and Spearman tests and to multiple logistic-regression analysis. RESULTS No significant differences between patients with or without the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype were found for the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and IL-8 levels. The multiple logistic-regression analysis did not show a statistically significant association between the IL8 haplotype and the variables studied. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal clinical study, we observed that neither the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy nor the IL-8 levels were influenced by the IL8 ATC/TTC CP-susceptibility haplotype. Additional studies of CP patients from other ethnic populations are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C T Corbi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Finoti LS, Anovazzi G, Pigossi SC, Corbi SCT, Teixeira SRL, Braido GVV, Kim YJ, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Mayer MPA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Periodontopathogens levels and clinical response to periodontal therapy in individuals with the interleukin-4 haplotype associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1501-9. [PMID: 23748736 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results from an interaction between dental biofilm agents and the host immune-inflammatory response. Periodontopathogenic organisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, as well as the host's susceptibility, represented by the host's genetic makeup, are the key factors that influence this complex disease. Recently, we identified haplotypes in the IL4 gene that were associated with chronic periodontitis (CP). This study aimed to evaluate whether subjects with different IL4 haplotypes (TCI/CCI and TTD/CTI) would be differentially colonized by periodontopathogens and whether they would respond differently to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Thirty-nine patients carrying the IL4 haplotype of genetic susceptibility to CP (IL4+) or protection against CP (IL4-) were evaluated. Those groups were further subdivided into individuals with CP (CP IL4+ or CP IL4-) and those that were periodontally healthy (H) (H IL4+ or H IL4-). CP patients were submitted to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Clinical and microbiological analyses were performed considering the data at baseline and 45 and 90 days after periodontal therapy. Periodontopathogens levels were evaluated by absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The baseline data revealed that the total levels of periodontopathogens were higher in the CP IL4+ than in the CP IL4- groups. Clinical analyses revealed that the periodontal therapy was equally effective, independent of the subject's IL4 genetic load. The TCI/CCI IL4 haplotype, previously associated with genetic susceptibility to CP, was also associated with increased levels of periodontopathogenic bacteria, but this genetic background did not influence the response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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The Role of Interleukin-1 Genotype in the Association between Coronary Heart Disease and Periodontitis in a Syrian Population. ISRN DENTISTRY 2013; 2013:195678. [PMID: 23691333 PMCID: PMC3649497 DOI: 10.1155/2013/195678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine whether differences exist between periodontitis subjects with and without Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in a Syrian population in the distribution of IL-1 alleles at positions IL-1α+4845, IL-1β+3954, IL-1β−511, and IL-1RN VNTR. Background. The role of Interleukin-1 genes in the association between periodontitis and CHD has been demonstrated in previous studies. No study has been carried out on the Syrian population to asses for such a role. Methods. 200 Syrian Arab periodontitis patients (184 males, 16 females; mean age 52.61) were divided into two groups: cases group 100 subjects with CHD (92 males, 8 females; mean age 52.06); controls group 100 subjects without CHD (92 males, 8 females; mean age 53.16). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL) were performed for patients. Blood samples were collected for genotyping analysis of IL-1α+4845, IL-1β+3954, and IL-1β−511 using PCR-RFLP technique and IL-1RN VNTR using normal PCR. Results. An association between both (CAL and ABL) and CHD was shown after adjustment for other confounders (OR: 7.659, P = 0.001; OR: 3.645, P = 0.006, resp.). Also, an association between allele 2 of IL-1α+4845, IL-1β+3954, and IL-1β−511 and ABL was shown. Allele 2 of IL-1α+4845 and IL-1β−511 was associated with ABL among individuals with and without CHD. But after adjustment for other confounders, the association remained only between allele 2 of IL-11α+4845 and both CHD and severe ABL (OR: 0.189, P < 0.001). Conclusion. Allele 2 of IL-11α+4845 may be considered a risk indicator for having both CHD and severe ABL in the investigated Syrian population.
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Deng JS, Qin P, Li XX, Du YH. Association between interleukin-1β C (3953/4)T polymorphism and chronic periodontitis: evidence from a meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 2012; 74:371-8. [PMID: 23220433 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluated the association between interleukin-1β (IL-1β) C(3953/4)T polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP). Systematic searches of electronic databases and hand searching of references were performed, including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. Publication bias was tested by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by limiting the meta-analysis studies conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) or high quality (score ≥ 7). Data analyses were carried out by Stata 11.0. There were significant associations between IL-1β C(3953/4)T polymorphism and CP (for T allele vs. C allele: OR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.05-1.60, p = 0.02; for T/T vs. C/C: OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.12-2.45, p = 0.01; for C/T+T/T vs. C/C: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 0.99-1.65; and for T/T vs. C/T+C/C: OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.15-2.29, p = 0.006). When stratified by ethnicity, statistically significantly elevated risk was found for Caucasians, but not for Asians. When stratified by study design, evidences of significant association was observed between IL-1β C(3953/4)T polymorphism and CP in both population-based studies and hospital-based studies. This meta-analysis indicates that there is strong evidence for association between IL-1β C(3953/4)T polymorphism and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shu Deng
- The Affiliated hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400012, China
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Gong Y, Bi W, Cao L, Yang Y, Chen J, Yu Y. Association of CD14-260 polymorphisms, red-complex periodontopathogens and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels with cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:203-12. [PMID: 22934794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUD AND OBJECTIVE: Genetic factors may influence the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, therefore increasing the risk for the initiation and development of periodontal disease. The present study was carried out to investigate the association of CD14-260 polymorphisms, subgingival microbiota, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine levels with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) in renal transplant patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 204 patients were dichotomized into two groups: 124 with GO and 80 without GO. The CD14-260 polymorphisms were measured using an allele-specific PCR method. The levels of periodontal pathogens were determined by real-time PCR of subgingival samples. GCF levels of IL-1β and sCD14 were detected by ELISA. RESULTS The frequency of CD14-260 genotype CT + TT was found to be similar in both groups. Patients with GO presented increased prevalence of Pg, Td, and Tf (red complex) and significantly higher levels of interleukin -1β than those without GO. Patients with GO carrying CT + TT genotypes were found to have higher frequencies of Pg, Td, and Tf than those carrying the CC genotype. Furthermore, in the presence of red complex, CT + TT genotypes were associated with higher interleukin -1β levels and severe GO. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the severity of GO is not dependent on age, gender and pharmacological variables, being only associated with CD14-260 genotype and red complex periodontopathogens. CONCLUSION No association between CD14-260 polymorphisms and the prevalence of GO was revealed in renal transplant patients administered CsA. However, CD14-260 CT + TT genotypes are associated with the prevalence of red complex periodontopathogens in patients with GO, and may thus play some role in the development of severe CsA-induced GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ghizoni JS, Taveira LADA, Garlet GP, Ghizoni MF, Pereira JR, Dionísio TJ, Brozoski DT, Santos CF, Sant'Ana ACP. Increased levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease in humans: an in vivo study. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:104-12. [PMID: 22437687 PMCID: PMC3928781 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the role of periodontal disease in the development of
stroke or cerebral infarction in patients by evaluating the clinical periodontal
conditions and the subgingival levels of periodontopathogens. Material and Methods: Twenty patients with ischemic (I-CVA) or hemorrhagic (H-CVA) cerebrovascular
episodes (test group) and 60 systemically healthy patients (control group) were
evaluated for: probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and
plaque index. Porphyromonas gingivalis and
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were both identified and
quantified in subgingival plaque samples by conventional and real-time PCR,
respectively. Results: The test group showed a significant increase in each of the following parameters:
pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, plaque index and
number of missing teeth when compared to control values (p<0.05, unpaired
t-test). Likewise, the test group had increased numbers of sites that were
contaminated with P. gingivalis (60%x10%; p<0.001; chi-squared
test) and displayed greater prevalence of periodontal disease, with an odds ratio
of 48.06 (95% CI: 5.96-387.72; p<0.001). Notably, a positive correlation
between probing depth and the levels of P. gingivalis in ischemic
stroke was found (r=0.60; p=0.03; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test).
A. actinomycetemcomitans DNA was not detected in any of the
groups by conventional or real-time PCR. Conclusions: Stroke patients had deeper pockets, more severe attachment loss, increased
bleeding on probing, increased plaque indexes, and in their pockets harbored
increased levels of P. gingivalis. These findings suggest that
periodontal disease is a risk factor for the development of cerebral hemorrhage or
infarction. Early treatment of periodontitis may counteract the development of
cerebrovascular episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Salomon Ghizoni
- Discipline of Oral Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Repeke CE, Cardoso CR, Claudino M, Silveira EM, Trombone APF, Campanelli AP, Silva JS, Martins W, Garlet GP. Non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease: a clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic investigation. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:113-21. [PMID: 22437688 PMCID: PMC3928782 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis comprises a group of multifactorial diseases in which periodontopathogens accumulate in dental plaque and trigger host chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, which are determinant to the disease outcome. Although unusual cases of non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (NIDPD) are described, their pathogenesis remains unknown. A unique NIDPD case was investigated by clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic tools. The patient, a non-smoking dental surgeon with excessive oral hygiene practice, presented a generalized bone resorption and tooth mobility, but not gingival inflammation or occlusion problems. No hematological, immunological or endocrine alterations were found. No periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. denticola) or viruses (HCMV, EBV-1 and HSV-1) were detected, along with levels of IL-1β and TNF-a in GCF compatible with healthy tissues. Conversely ALP, ACP and RANKL GCF levels were similar to diseased periodontal sites. Genetic investigation demonstrated that the patient carried some SNPs, as well HLA-DR4 (*0404) and HLA-B27 alleles, considered risk factors for bone loss. Then, a less vigorous and diminished frequency of toothbrushing was recommended to the patient, resulting in the arrest of alveolar bone loss, associated with the return of ALP, ACP and RANKL in GCF to normality levels. In conclusion, the unusual case presented here is compatible with the previous description of NIDPD, and the results that a possible combination of excessive force and frequency of mechanical stimulation with a potentially bone loss prone genotype could result in the alveolar bone loss seen in NIDPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Repeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Haplotypes of susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in the Interleukin 8 gene do not influence protein level in the gingival crevicular fluid. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1355-61. [PMID: 22877792 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, we identified that the ATC/TTC haplotype formed by polymorphisms in the Interleukin-(IL)8 gene conferred susceptibility to chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of the study was to investigate whether the IL8 haplotype ATC/TTC was associated with the volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), the concentration of interleukin IL-8 in the GCF, as well as periodontal conditions in patients with CP in comparison to controls without CP. METHODS Seventy-nine individuals (CP: n=41, controls: n=38) were grouped according to the presence (susceptible for CP) or absence (not susceptible for CP) of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. After periodontal clinical evaluation, they were subdivided by the presence or absence of CP. GCF was collected from each patient and the IL-8 levels were determined by ELISA. The GCF volume of each subject was measured by means of a calibrated electronic device. Comparisons of means between carriers and non-carriers of the ATC/TTC haplotype were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test. Linear regression and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to analyse the association of the GCF volume with potential covariates and their contribution for the phenotype. RESULTS We did not find significant differences of both periodontal conditions and IL-8 concentration in the GCF of patients with the presence or absence of the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. However, the GCF volume was significantly higher amongst the patients affected by CP that are absent for the IL8 ATC/TTC haplotype. In addition, linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between GCF volume and CP, IL8 haplotype ATC/TTC and IL-8 concentration. CONCLUSIONS The IL8 haplotype of susceptibility to CP was neither associated with IL-8 cytokine levels nor with clinical periodontal parameters. Also, CP, IL8 haplotype and IL-8 concentration showed a positive association with the GCF volume levels in the studied patients.
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Braosi APR, de Souza CM, Luczyszyn SM, Dirschnabel AJ, Claudino M, Olandoski M, Probst CM, Garlet GP, Pecoits-Filho R, Trevilatto PC. Analysis of IL1 gene polymorphisms and transcript levels in periodontal and chronic kidney disease. Cytokine 2012; 60:76-82. [PMID: 22795294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis (PD) are complex inflammatory disturbances, influenced by genetic factors. Interleukin (IL)-1 genes code for inflammatory mediators involved in the physiopathogenesis of both diseases. Functional polymorphisms in IL1 genes modulate cytokine levels and have been associated with susceptibility to immune-inflammatory conditions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was investigate the association of functional IL1 gene polymorphisms and transcript levels with susceptibility to CKD and PD. DESIGN The sample consisted of 246 individuals, mean age 44.8 years, divided into: group 1 (64 patients without CKD and without PD), group 2 (58 without CKD and with PD), group 3 (52 with CKD and without PD) and group 4 (72 with CKD and with PD). DNA was obtained from cells of oral mucosa and polymorphisms IL1AC-889T, IL1BC-511T, IL1BC+3954T and IL1RN (intron 2) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Transcript levels from gingival tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS IL1RN(*)1 allele was associated with almost 4-fold increased risk for CKD (OR 3.92 95% CI=1.6-9.4, p=0.002). IL1RN(*)2 allele was associated with 3-fold increased risk for PD in CKD patients (OR 3.08 95% CI=1.2-7.9, p=0.019). Allele T for polymorphism IL1B+3954 was associated with CKD in PD patients (OR 2.28 95% CI=1.1-4.7, p=0.019). Significantly increased levels of transcripts of IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN genes were found in PD patients. CONCLUSIONS It was observed an evidence for association of IL1B and IL1RN alleles with susceptibility to CKD and PD. Higher levels of IL1 gene transcripts were found in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ribeiro Braosi
- Health and Biosciences School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Imaculada Conceição Street 1155, CEP 80215-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Al-Hebshi NN, Shamsan AAA, Al-Ak'hali MS. Interleukin-1 Two-Locus Haplotype Is Strongly Associated with Severe Chronic Periodontitis among Yemenis. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:231309. [PMID: 22778957 PMCID: PMC3388377 DOI: 10.1155/2012/231309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To assess IL-1A C[-889]T and IL-1B C[3954]T genotypes as well as haplotypes in relation to sever chronic periodontitis (SCP) among Yemenis. Materials and Methods. 40 cases with SCP and 40 sex- and age-matched controls were included; all were nonsmokers and free of systemic diseases. Genotyping at each locus was performed using an established PCR-RFLP assay. The Haploview and SimHap software were used to assess data for Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium (HWE) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) and to obtain subject-level haplotypes. Multiple logistic regression was used to seek for associations in dominant, additive, and recessive models. Results. Mean plaque index (MPI) showed the strongest association with SCP (OR = 16). A significant LD was observed in the cases (D' = 0.80 and r(2) = 0.47). The genotype at each locus showed significant association with SCP in the recessive model (TT versus TC + CC) even after adjustment for MPI (OR = 6.29 & 461, resp.). The C-T haplotype conferred protection against SCP in a dominant manner (OR = 0.16). On the other hand, the T-T haplotype in double dose (recessive model) showed strong association with CP (OR = 15.6). Conclusions. IL-1 two-locus haplotype is associated with SCP in Yemenis. Haplotype-based analysis may be more suited for use in genetic association studies of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Molecular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
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Jun HK, Lee SH, Lee HR, Choi BK. Integrin α5β1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by direct interaction with a bacterial surface protein. Immunity 2012; 36:755-68. [PMID: 22608495 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell-surface heterodimeric glycoproteins composed of alpha and beta subunits that mediate cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix, and cell-pathogen interactions. In this study, we report a specific role of integrin α5β1 in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages stimulated by Td92, a surface protein of the periodontopathogen, Treponema denticola. The direct interaction of Td92 with the cell membrane integrin α5β1 resulted in ATP release and K(+) efflux, which are the main events in NLRP3 activation. This interaction was arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)-independent, and Td92 internalization was not required for the activity. An integrin α5β1 antibody and oxATP, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, and proIL-1β synthesis, all of which were regulated by NF-κB activation. Therefore, our data has identified the integrin α5β1 as a principal cell membrane receptor for both NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β transcription by a bacterial protein, which could exaggerate inflammation, a characteristic of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyoung Jun
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Garlet GP, Trombone APF, Menezes R, Letra A, Repeke CE, Vieira AE, Martins W, Neves LTD, Campanelli AP, Santos CFD, Vieira AR. The use of chronic gingivitis as reference status increases the power and odds of periodontitis genetic studies: a proposal based in the exposure concept and clearer resistance and susceptibility phenotypes definition. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:323-32. [PMID: 22324464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Current literature on chronic periodontitis genetics encompasses numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms-focused case-control studies with inconsistent and controversial results, which typically disregards the exposure concept embraced by case-control definition. Herein, we propose a case-control design reappraisal by clear phenotype selection, where chronic gingivitis represents a genetically resistant phenotype/genotype opposing the susceptible cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS The hypothesis was tested in healthy, chronic periodontitis and gingivitis groups through Real-time PCR-based allelic discrimination of classic variants IL1B-3954, IL6-174, TNFA-308, IL10-592 and TLR4-299. RESULTS Observed allele/genotype frequencies characterize the healthy group with an intermediate genetic profile between periodontitis and gingivitis cohorts. When comparing genotype/allele frequencies in periodontitis versus healthy and periodontitis versus gingivitis scenarios, the number of positive associations (2-4) and the degree of association (p and odds ratio values) were significantly increased by the new approach proposed (periodontitis versus gingivitis), suggesting the association of IL1B-3954, TNFA-308, IL10-592 and TLR4-299 with periodontitis risk. Power study was also significantly improved by the new study design proposed when compared to the traditional approach. CONCLUSIONS The data presented herein support the use of new case-control study design based on the case-control definition and clear resistance/susceptibility phenotypes selection, which can significantly impact the study power and odds of identification of genetic factors involved in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Grant MM. What do 'omic technologies have to offer periodontal clinical practice in the future? J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:2-14. [PMID: 21679186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal diseases are the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of humans and a major cause of tooth loss. Inflammatory periodontitis is also a complex multifactorial disease involving many cell types, cell products and interactions. It is associated with a dysregulated inflammatory response, which fails to resolve, and which also fails to re-establish a beneficial periodontal microbiota. There is a rich history of biomarker research within the field of periodontology, but exemplary improvements in analytical platform technologies offer exciting opportunities for discovery. These include the 'omic technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, which provide information on global scales that can match the complexity of the disease. This narrative review focuses on the recent advances made in in vivo human periodontal research by use of 'omic technologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Medline database was searched to identify articles currently available on 'omic technologies with regard to periodontal research. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-one articles focusing on biomarkers of and 'omic advances in periodontal research were analysed for their contributions to the understanding of periodontal diseases. CONCLUSION The data generated by the use of 'omic technologies have huge potential to inform paradigm shifts in our understanding of periodontal diseases, but data management, analysis and interpretation require a thoughtful and systematic bioinformatics approach, to ensure meaningful conclusions can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Grant
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, UK.
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Trevilatto PC, de Souza Pardo AP, Scarel-Caminaga RM, de Brito RB, Alvim-Pereira F, Alvim-Pereira CC, Probst CM, Garlet GP, Sallum AW, Line SR. Association of IL1 gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in Brazilians. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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da Fonseca DM, Trombone APF, Repeke CE, Avila-Campos MJ, Coelho-Castelo AAM, Silva JS, Campanelli AP, Deperon Bonato VL, Garlet GP. Functional interferences in host inflammatory immune response by airway allergic inflammation restrain experimental periodontitis development in mice. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 38:131-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Andia DC, de Oliveira NFP, Letra AM, Nociti FH, Line SRP, de Souza AP. Interleukin-8 gene promoter polymorphism (rs4073) may contribute to chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2010; 82:893-9. [PMID: 21091348 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 is important in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Analyses of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reference sequence (rs) 4073 showed that the A allele upregulated IL-8 levels after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. We investigated the association of the SNP rs4073 with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Genotyping was performed by a standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay in 289 genomic DNA samples of healthy control subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis; analyses were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression modeling. A real-time polymerase chain reaction performance was used to detect levels of the IL-8 mRNA. RESULTS The analysis pointed to a statistically significant association of chronic periodontitis with the heterozygous TA genotype (P = 0.001); the results showed an increase in the frequency of the A allele in the diseased group (36% in the control group versus 48% in the periodontitis group). The higher levels of the IL-8 mRNA were found in the periodontitis group, mainly in individuals who presented the TA genotype (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The SNP rs4073 was associated with chronic periodontitis in non-smoker Brazilian subjects because the frequency of the A allele was higher in the disease group than in the control group, and the TA genotype was associated with increased levels of IL-8 mRNA transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Andia
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Garlet GP. Destructive and protective roles of cytokines in periodontitis: a re-appraisal from host defense and tissue destruction viewpoints. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1349-63. [PMID: 20739705 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510376402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic infectious inflammatory diseases characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, being the presence of periodontopathogens required, but not sufficient, for disease development. As a general rule, host inflammatory mediators have been associated with tissue destruction, while anti-inflammatory mediators counteract and attenuate disease progression. With the discovery of several T-cell subsets bearing distinct immunoregulatory properties, this pro- vs. anti-inflammatory scenario became more complex, and a series of studies has hypothesized protective or destructive roles for Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subpopulations of polarized lymphocytes. Interestingly, the "protective vs. destructive" archetype is usually considered in a framework related to tissue destruction and disease progression. However, it is important to remember that periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory conditions, and recent studies have demonstrated that cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) considered harmful in the context of tissue destruction play important roles in the control of periodontal infection. Therefore, in this review, the state-of-the-art knowledge concerning the protective and destructive roles of host inflammatory immune response will be critically evaluated and discussed from the tissue destruction and control-of-infection viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Garlet
- OSTEOimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, FOB/USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75 CEP 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1 beta levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:697-704. [PMID: 20528961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1 beta concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B(+3954) and IL-1B(-511) gene polymorphisms. RESULTS (i) GCF IL-1 beta concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1 beta detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1 beta concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B(+3954) genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1 beta was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. CONCLUSIONS Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1 beta levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype.
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Trombone AP, Claudino M, Colavite P, de Assis GF, Avila-Campos MJ, Silva JS, Campanelli AP, Ibañez OM, De Franco M, Garlet GP. Periodontitis and arthritis interaction in mice involves a shared hyper-inflammatory genotype and functional immunological interferences. Genes Immun 2010; 11:479-89. [PMID: 20428191 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been found to be clinically associated and to share the chronic nature of the inflammatory reaction associated with bone resorption activity. However, the mechanisms underlying such association are unknown. Therefore, we examined the basis of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans- and Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced PD and pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) interaction in mice. Higher severity PD in the genetically inflammation prone acute inflammatory reactivity maximum (AIRmax) mice strain was associated with higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-17, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and RANKL, whereas PD/PIA co-induction resulted in even higher levels of IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-17, RANKL, and MMP-13 levels. Conversely, PD/PIA co-induction in AIRmin strain did not alter the course of both pathologies. PIA/PD co-induction resulted in altered expression of T-cell subsets transcription factors expression, with T-bet and RORgamma levels being upregulated, whereas GATA-3 levels were unaltered. Interestingly, PIA induction resulted in alveolar bone loss, such response being highly dependent on the presence of commensal oral bacteria. No differences were found in PIA severity parameters by PD co-induction. Our results show that the interaction between experimental PD and arthritis in mice involves a shared hyper-inflammatory genotype and functional interferences in innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Trombone
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto--FMRP/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Zhai R, Chen F, Liu G, Su L, Kulke MH, Asomaning K, Lin X, Heist RS, Nishioka NS, Sheu CC, Wain JC, Christiani DC. Interactions among genetic variants in apoptosis pathway genes, reflux symptoms, body mass index, and smoking indicate two distinct etiologic patterns of esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2445-51. [PMID: 20385987 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis pathway, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (reflux), higher body mass index (BMI), and tobacco smoking have been individually associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) development. However, how multiple factors jointly affect EA risk remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 305 patients with EA and 339 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. High-order interactions among reflux, BMI, smoking, and functional polymorphisms in five apoptotic genes (FAS, FASL, IL1B, TP53BP, and BAT3) were investigated by entropy-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), classification and regression tree (CART), and traditional logistic regression (LR) models. RESULTS In LR analysis, reflux, BMI, and smoking were significantly associated with EA risk, with reflux as the strongest individual factor. No individual single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with EA susceptibility. However, there was a two-way interaction between IL1B + 3954C>T and reflux (P = .008). In both CART and MDR analyses, reflux was also the strongest individual factor for EA risk. In individuals with reflux symptoms, CART analysis indicated that strongest interaction was among variant genotypes of IL1B + 3954C>T and BAT3S625P, higher BMI, and smoking (odds ratio [OR], 5.76; 95% CI, 2.48 to 13.38), a finding independently found using MDR analysis. In contrast, for participants without reflux symptoms, the strongest interaction was found between higher BMI and smoking (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.88 to 5.68), also echoed by entropy-based MDR analysis. CONCLUSION Although a history of reflux is an important risk for EA, multifactor interactions also play important roles in EA risk. Gene-environment interaction patterns differ between patients with and without reflux symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Zhai
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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