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Bechtel TD, Hershelman J, Ghoshal M, McLandsborough L, Gibbons JG. Chemical mutagenesis of Listeria monocytogenes for increased tolerance to benzalkonium chloride shows independent genetic underpinnings and off-target antibiotic resistance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305663. [PMID: 39028728 PMCID: PMC11259264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a potentially fatal foodborne pathogen commonly found in food processing facilities, creates a significant economic burden that totals more than $2 billion annually in the United States due to outbreaks. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), are among the most widely used sanitizers to inhibit the growth and spread of L. monocytogenes from food processing facilities. However, resistance to QACs has been increasing in L. monocytogenes and different genetic mechanisms conferring resistance have been discovered. Here, we used ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) to chemically mutagenize the BAC-susceptible strain, L. monocytogenes FSL-N1-304. We isolated two mutants with increased tolerance to BAC compared to the parental strain. Next, we assessed the off-target effect of increased tolerance to BAC by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a diverse set of antibiotics, revealing that mut-1 and mut-2 displayed significantly increased resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics compared to the parental strain. A hemolysis assay was then used to investigate a potential correlation between BAC tolerance and virulence. Interestingly, mut-1 and mut-2 both exhibited significantly higher hemolysis percentage than the parental strain. We then sequenced the genomes of the parental strain and both mutants to identify mutations that may be involved in the increased resistance to BAC. We identified 3 and 29 mutations in mut-1 and mut-2, respectively. mut-1 contained nonsynonymous mutations in dagK (a diacylglycerol kinase), lmo2768 (a permease-encoding gene), and lmo0186 (resuscitation promoting factor). mut-2 contained a nonsense mutation in the nucleotide excision repair enzyme UvrABC system protein B encoding gene, uvrB, which likely accounts for the higher number of mutations observed. Transcriptome analysis in the presence of BAC revealed that genes related to the phosphotransferase system and internalins were up-regulated in both mutants, suggesting their significance in the BAC stress response. These two mutants provide insights into alternative mechanisms for increased BAC tolerance and could further our understanding of how L. monocytogenes persists in the food processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Bechtel
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Julia Hershelman
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Mrinalini Ghoshal
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Lynne McLandsborough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - John G. Gibbons
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
- Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
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2
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Shi W, Zhang Q, Li H, Du D, Ma X, Wang J, Jiang J, Liu C, Kou L, Ren J. Biofilm Formation, Motility, and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Are Reduced by Deletion of the Gene lmo0159, a Novel Listerial LPXTG Surface Protein. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1354. [PMID: 39065121 PMCID: PMC11278909 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and other animals. Surface proteins with the LPXTG motif have important roles in the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Lmo0159 is one such protein, but little is known about its role in L. monocytogenes virulence, motility, and biofilm formation. Here, we constructed and characterized a deletion mutant of lmo0159 (∆lmo0159). We analyzed not only the capacity of biofilm formation, motility, attachment, and intracellular growth in different cell types but also LD50; bacterial load in mice's liver, spleen, and brain; expression of virulence genes; and survival time of mice after challenge. The results showed that the cross-linking density of the biofilm of ∆lmo0159 strain was lower than that of WT by microscopic examination. The expression of biofilm-formation and virulence genes also decreased in the biofilm state. Subsequently, the growth and motility of ∆lmo0159 in the culture medium were enhanced. Conversely, the growth and motility of L. monocytogenes were attenuated by ∆lmo0159 at both the cellular and mouse levels. At the cellular level, ∆lmo0159 reduced plaque size; accelerated scratch healing; and attenuated the efficiency of adhesion, invasion, and intracellular proliferation in swine intestinal epithelial cells (SIEC), RAW264.7, mouse-brain microvascular endothelial cells (mBMEC), and human-brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). The expression of virulence genes was also inhibited. At the mouse level, the LD50 of the ∆lmo0159 strain was 100.97 times higher than that of the WT strain. The bacterial load of the ∆lmo0159 strain in the liver and spleen was lower than that of the WT strain. In a mouse model of intraperitoneal infection, the deletion of the lmo0159 gene significantly prolonged the survival time of the mice, suggesting that the lmo0159 deletion mutant also exhibited reduced virulence. Thus, our study identified lmo0159 as a novel virulence factor among L. monocytogenes LPXTG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Honghuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Dongdong Du
- Analysis and Testing Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Xun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Caixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Lijun Kou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Jingjing Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (W.S.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (J.J.); (C.L.); (L.K.); (J.R.)
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3
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Cossart P. Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The Listeria Paradigm. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:1-22. [PMID: 37713460 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
My scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;
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4
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Pourpre R, Lakisic G, Desgranges E, Cossart P, Pagliuso A, Bierne H. A bacterial virulence factor interacts with the splicing factor RBM5 and stimulates formation of nuclear RBM5 granules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21961. [PMID: 36535993 PMCID: PMC9763339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease that is particularly dangerous for immunocompromised individuals and fetuses. Several virulence factors of this bacterial pathogen belong to a family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins called internalins. Among these, InlP is known for its role in placental infection. We report here a function of InlP in mammalian cell nucleus organization. We demonstrate that bacteria do not produce InlP under in vitro culture conditions. When ectopically expressed in human cells, InlP translocates into the nucleus and changes the morphology of nuclear speckles, which are membrane-less organelles storing splicing factors. Using yeast two-hybrid screen, immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments, we identify the tumor suppressor and splicing factor RBM5 as a major nuclear target of InlP. InlP inhibits RBM5-induced cell death and stimulate the formation of RBM5-induced nuclear granules, where the SC35 speckle protein redistributes. Taken together, these results suggest that InlP acts as a nucleomodulin controlling compartmentalization and function of RBM5 in the nucleus and that L. monocytogenes has developed a mechanism to target the host cell splicing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Pourpre
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Goran Lakisic
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Emma Desgranges
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Pagliuso
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
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5
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Ling Z, Zhao D, Xie X, Yao H, Wang Y, Kong S, Chen X, Pan Z, Jiao X, Yin Y. inlF Enhances Listeria monocytogenes Early-Stage Infection by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:748461. [PMID: 35223532 PMCID: PMC8866704 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.748461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The internalin family proteins, which carry the leucine repeat region structural motif, play diverse roles in Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection and pathogenesis. Although Internalin F, encoded by inlF, was identified more than 20 years ago, its role in the Lm anti-inflammatory response remains unknown. Lm serotype 4b isolates are associated with the majority of listeriosis outbreaks, but the function of InlF in these strains is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of inlF in modulating the inflammatory response and pathogenesis of the 4b strain Lm NTSN. Strikingly, although inlF was highly expressed at the transcriptional level during infection of five non-phagocytic cell types, it was not involved in adherence or invasion. Conversely, inlF did contributed to Lm adhesion and invasion of macrophages, and dramatically suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Consistent with the in vitro results, during Lm infection mice, inlF significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the spleen, as well as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the liver. More importantly, inlF contributed to Lm colonization in the spleen, liver, and ileum during the early stage of mouse infection via intragastric administration, inducing severe inflammatory injury and histopathologic changes in the late stage. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that inlF mediates the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory response and contributes to the colonization and survival of Lm during the early stage of infection in mice. Our research partly explains the high pathogenicity of serovar 4b strains and will lead to new insights into the pathogenesis and immune evasion of Lm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Ling
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Suwei Kong
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin’an Jiao
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin’an Jiao, ; Yuelan Yin,
| | - Yuelan Yin
- Jangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin’an Jiao, ; Yuelan Yin,
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6
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Innate immune responses to Listeria in vivo. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 59:95-101. [PMID: 33307408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe infection that manifests as bacteremia and meningo-encephalitis mostly in immunocompromised individuals, and maternal-fetal infection. A critical pathogenic determinant of Lm relies on its ability to actively cross the intestinal barrier, disseminate systemically and cross the blood-brain and placental barriers. Here we illustrate how Lm both evades innate immunity, favoring its dissemination in host tissues, and triggers innate immune defenses that participate to its control.
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7
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Cheng JH, Lv X, Pan Y, Sun DW. Foodborne bacterial stress responses to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cold plasma treatments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Pombinho R, Vieira A, Camejo A, Archambaud C, Cossart P, Sousa S, Cabanes D. Virulence gene repression promotes Listeria monocytogenes systemic infection. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:868-881. [PMID: 31955655 PMCID: PMC7524345 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1712983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of bacterial pathogens to infect their hosts depends on the tight spatiotemporal regulation of virulence genes. The Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) metal efflux pump repressor CadC is highly expressed during late infection stages, modulating lipoprotein processing and host immune response. Here we investigate the potential of CadC as broad repressor of virulence genes. We show that CadC represses the expression of the bile salt hydrolase impairing Lm resistance to bile. During late infection, in absence of CadC-dependent repression, the constitutive bile salt hydrolase expression induces the overexpression of the cholic acid efflux pump MdrT that is unfavorable to Lm virulence. We establish the CadC regulon and show that CadC represses additional virulence factors activated by σB during colonization of the intestinal lumen. CadC is thus a general repressor that promotes Lm virulence by down-regulating, at late infection stages, genes required for survival in the gastrointestinal tract. This demonstrates for the first time how bacterial pathogens can repurpose regulators to spatiotemporally repress virulence genes and optimize their infectious capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pombinho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Camejo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristel Archambaud
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, INSERM U604 and INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, INSERM U604 and INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Cell Biology of Bacterial Infections, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal,CONTACT Didier Cabanes i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Group of Molecular Microbiology, Rua do Campo Rua Alfredo Allen, 2084200-135Porto, Portugal
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9
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D'Orazio SEF. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0065-2019. [PMID: 31124430 PMCID: PMC11086964 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0065-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. L. monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate in vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of L. monocytogenes and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated Listeria as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeria immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E F D'Orazio
- University of Kentucky, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
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10
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Zhang T, Bae D, Wang C. LMOh7858_0369, a gene encoding a putative leucine-rich repeat-containing protein, is required for virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw060. [PMID: 26976852 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes possesses the highest number of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins among all Gram-positive bacteria; these LRR-containing molecules are known as the 'internalin' family. To understand the functions of largely uncharacterized LRR-containing molecules, we constructed seven deletion mutants in the L. monocytogenes H7858 strain targeting genes in this family and tested their virulence. Among the seven mutants, the ΔLMOh7858_0369 strain and the ΔLMOh7858_2546 strain showed significantly impaired invasiveness of HepG2 cells. We further tested the virulence of these two strains in the intravascular sepsis model using BALB/c mice. Interestingly, the ΔLMOh7858_0369 strain showed significant reduction in organ colonization, bacteremia and invasion of the brain compared with the parental wild-type strain. Host immune responses to listerial intravascular infection were measured at 24 and 72 h post-infection. Transcript levels of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly lower when induced by the ΔlmOh7858_0369 strain than when induced by the wild type. These results suggest that the putative LRR-containing protein encoded by LMOh7858_0369 might be a novel virulence factor of the L. monocytogenes H7858 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - Chinling Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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11
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Spatial Organization of Cell Wall-Anchored Proteins at the Surface of Gram-Positive Bacteria. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 404:177-201. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Listeria monocytogenes and the Inflammasome: From Cytosolic Bacteriolysis to Tumor Immunotherapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 397:133-60. [PMID: 27460808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic innate immune surveillance systems that recognize a variety of danger signals, including those from pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium evolved to live within the harsh environment of the host cytosol. Further, L. monocytogenes can activate a robust cell-mediated immune response that is being harnessed as an immunotherapeutic platform. Access to the cytosol is critical for both causing disease and inducing a protective immune response, and it is hypothesized that the cytosolic innate immune system, including the inflammasome, is critical for both host protection and induction of long-term immunity. L. monocytogenes can activate a variety of inflammasomes via its pore-forming toxin listeriolysin-O, flagellin, or DNA released through bacteriolysis; however, inflammasome activation attenuates L. monocytogenes, and as such, L. monocytogenes has evolved a variety of ways to limit inflammasome activation. Surprisingly, inflammasome activation also impairs the host cell-mediated immune response. Thus, understanding how L. monocytogenes activates or avoids detection by the inflammasome is critical to understand the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes and improve the cell-mediated immune response generated to L. monocytogenes for more effective immunotherapies.
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Radoshevich L, Impens F, Ribet D, Quereda JJ, Nam Tham T, Nahori MA, Bierne H, Dussurget O, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Knobeloch KP, Cossart P. ISG15 counteracts Listeria monocytogenes infection. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26259872 PMCID: PMC4530601 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, linear di-ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral activity. The role of ISG15 during bacterial infection remains elusive. We show that ISG15 expression in nonphagocytic cells is dramatically induced upon Listeria infection. Surprisingly this induction can be type I interferon independent and depends on the cytosolic surveillance pathway, which senses bacterial DNA and signals through STING, TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7. Most importantly, we observed that ISG15 expression restricts Listeria infection in vitro and in vivo. We made use of stable isotope labeling in tissue culture (SILAC) to identify ISGylated proteins that could be responsible for the protective effect. Strikingly, infection or overexpression of ISG15 leads to ISGylation of ER and Golgi proteins, which correlates with increased secretion of cytokines known to counteract infection. Together, our data reveal a previously uncharacterized ISG15-dependent restriction of Listeria infection, reinforcing the view that ISG15 is a key component of the innate immune response. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06848.001 Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause serious food poisoning in humans. Infections with this bacterium can be particularly dangerous to young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems because they are more susceptible to developing serious complications that can sometimes lead to death. The bacteria infect cells in the lining of the human gut. Cells that detect the bacteria respond by producing proteins called interferons and other signaling proteins that activate the body's immune system to fight the infection. One of the genes that the interferons activate encodes a protein called ISG15, which helps to defend the body against viruses. However, it is not clear what role ISG15 plays in fighting bacterial infections. Here, Radoshevich et al. studied the role of ISG15 in human cells exposed to L. monocytogenes. The experiments show that ISG15 levels increase in the cells, but that the initial increase does not depend on Interferon proteins. Instead, ISG15 production is triggered by an alternative pathway called the cytosolic surveillance pathway, which is activated by the presence of bacterial DNA inside the cell. Further experiments found that ISG15 can counteract the infections of L. monocytogenes both in cells grown in cultures and in living mice. ISG15 modifies other proteins in the cell to promote the release of proteins called cytokines that help the body to eliminate the bacteria. Radoshevich et al.'s findings reveal a new role for ISG15 in fighting bacterial infections. A future challenge will be to understand the molecular details of how ISG15 triggers the release of cytokines. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06848.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Bierne
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1319, Micalis, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Molecular Genetics Group, Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Shabbir MZ, Barbuddhe S, Malik SVS, Singh RK. Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2015; 35:211-35. [PMID: 26073265 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1063023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and humans. It is an important food-borne zoonosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen with unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. The organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. Though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can result in severe damage during an outbreak. Listeriosis is characterized by septicaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, abortion, stillbirth, perinatal infections and gastroenteritis with the incubation period varying with the form of infection. L. monocytogenes has been isolated worldwide from humans, animals, poultry, environmental sources like soil, river, decaying plants, and food sources like milk, meat and their products, seafood and vegetables. Since appropriate vaccines are not available and infection is mainly transmitted through foods in humans and animals, hygienic practices can prevent its spread. The present review describes etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, pathogenesis, public health significance, and advances in diagnosis, vaccines and treatment of this disease. Special attention has been given to novel as well as prospective emerging therapies that include bacteriophage and cytokine therapy, avian egg yolk antibodies and herbal therapy. Various vaccines, including advances in recombinant and DNA vaccines and their modes of eliciting immune response, are also discussed. Due focus has also been given regarding appropriate prevention and control strategies to be adapted for better management of this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- b Division of Bacteriology and Mycology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology , College of Veterinary Sciences , Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura 281001 , India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- d Quality Operations Laboratory , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- e Indian Council of Agricultural Research Complex for Goa , Old Goa, Goa 403402, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- f Division of Veterinary Public Health , Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- g Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 , UP , India
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Paul D, Steele C, Donaldson JR, Banes MM, Kumar R, Bridges SM, Arick M, Lawrence ML. Genome comparison of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4a strain HCC23 with selected lineage I and lineage II L. monocytogenes strains and other Listeria strains. GENOMICS DATA 2014; 2:219-25. [PMID: 26484097 PMCID: PMC4536003 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 98% of reported human listeriosis cases are caused by specific serotypes within genetic lineages I and II. The genome sequence of Listeria monocytogenes lineage III strain HCC23 (serotype 4a) enables whole genomic comparisons across all three L. monocytogenes lineages. Protein cluster analysis indicated that strain HCC23 has the most unique protein pairs with nonpathogenic species Listeria innocua. Orthology analysis of the genome sequences of representative strains from the three L. monocytogenes genetic lineages and L. innocua (CLIP11262) identified 319 proteins unique to nonpathogenic strains HCC23 and CLIP11262 and 58 proteins unique to pathogenic strains F2365 and EGD-e. BLAST comparison of these proteins with all the sequenced L. monocytogenes and L. innocua revealed 126 proteins unique to serotype 4a and/or L. innocua; 14 proteins were only found in pathogenic serotypes. Some of the 58 proteins unique to pathogenic strains F2365 and EGD-e were previously published and are already known to contribute to listerial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Chelsea Steele
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Janet R Donaldson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Michelle M Banes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Susan M Bridges
- Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mark Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Carvalho F, Sousa S, Cabanes D. How Listeria monocytogenes organizes its surface for virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:48. [PMID: 24809022 PMCID: PMC4010754 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for the manifestation of human listeriosis, an opportunistic foodborne disease with an associated high mortality rate. The key to the pathogenesis of listeriosis is the capacity of this bacterium to trigger its internalization by non-phagocytic cells and to survive and even replicate within phagocytes. The arsenal of virulence proteins deployed by L. monocytogenes to successfully promote the invasion and infection of host cells has been progressively unveiled over the past decades. A large majority of them is located at the cell envelope, which provides an interface for the establishment of close interactions between these bacterial factors and their host targets. Along the multistep pathways carrying these virulence proteins from the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane to their cell envelope destination, a multiplicity of auxiliary proteins must act on the immature polypeptides to ensure that they not only maturate into fully functional effectors but also are placed or guided to their correct position in the bacterial surface. As the major scaffold for surface proteins, the cell wall and its metabolism are critical elements in listerial virulence. Conversely, the crucial physical support and protection provided by this structure make it an ideal target for the host immune system. Therefore, mechanisms involving fine modifications of cell envelope components are activated by L. monocytogenes to render it less recognizable by the innate immunity sensors or more resistant to the activity of antimicrobial effectors. This review provides a state-of-the-art compilation of the mechanisms used by L. monocytogenes to organize its surface for virulence, with special focus on those proteins that work “behind the frontline”, either supporting virulence effectors or ensuring the survival of the bacterium within its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Carvalho
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Unit of Infection and Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Unit of Infection and Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Unit of Infection and Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
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17
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Dussurget O, Bierne H, Cossart P. The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and the interferon family: type I, type II and type III interferons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:50. [PMID: 24809023 PMCID: PMC4009421 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are secreted proteins of the cytokine family that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Although the importance of IFNs in the antiviral response has long been appreciated, their role in bacterial infections is more complex and is currently a major focus of investigation. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of these cytokines in host defense against the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and highlights recent discoveries on the molecular mechanisms evolved by this intracellular bacterium to subvert IFN responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dussurget
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Inserm, U604Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020Paris, France
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Inserm, U604Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Inserm, U604Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020Paris, France
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18
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Neves D, Job V, Dortet L, Cossart P, Dessen A. Structure of internalin InlK from the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4520-9. [PMID: 23958637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen that employs a wide variety of virulence factors in order to adhere to, invade, and replicate within target cells. Internalins play key roles in processes ranging from adhesion to receptor recognition and are thus essential for infection. Recently, InlK, a surface-associated internalin, was shown to be involved in Listeria's ability to escape from autophagy by recruitment of the major vault protein (MVP) to the bacterial surface. Here, we report the structure of InlK, which harbors four domains arranged in the shape of a "bent arm". The structure supports a role for the "elbow" of InlK in partner recognition, as well as of two Ig-like pedestals intercalated by hinge regions in the projection of InlK away from the surface of the bacterium. The unusual fold and flexibility of InlK could be essential for MVP binding and concealment from recognition by molecules involved in the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neves
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Quereda JJ, Pucciarelli MG, Botello-Morte L, Calvo E, Carvalho F, Bouchier C, Vieira A, Mariscotti JF, Chakraborty T, Cossart P, Hain T, Cabanes D, García-Del Portillo F. Occurrence of mutations impairing sigma factor B (SigB) function upon inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes genes encoding surface proteins. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:1328-1339. [PMID: 23657685 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.067744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Listeria contain the largest family of LPXTG surface proteins covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan. The extent to which these proteins may function or be regulated cooperatively is at present unknown. Because of their unique cellular location, we reasoned that distinct LPXTG proteins could act as elements contributing to cell wall homeostasis or influencing the stability of other surface proteins bound to peptidoglycan. To test this hypothesis, we used proteomics to analyse mutants of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes lacking distinct LPXTG proteins implicated in pathogen-host interactions, such as InlA, InlF, InlG, InlH, InlJ, LapB and Vip. Changes in the cell wall proteome were found in inlG and vip mutants, which exhibited reduced levels of the LPXTG proteins InlH, Lmo0610, Lmo0880 and Lmo2085, all regulated by the stress-related sigma factor SigB. The ultimate basis of this alteration was uncovered by genome sequencing, which revealed that these inlG and vip mutants carried loss-of-function mutations in the rsbS, rsbU and rsbV genes encoding regulatory proteins that control SigB activity. Attempts to recapitulate this negative selection of SigB in a large series of new inlG or vip mutants constructed for this purpose were, however, unsuccessful. These results indicate that inadvertent secondary mutations affecting SigB functionality can randomly arise in L. monocytogenes when using common genetic procedures or during subculturing. Testing of SigB activity could be therefore valuable when manipulating genetically L. monocytogenes prior to any subsequent phenotypic analysis. This test may be even more justified when generating deletions affecting cell envelope components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Quereda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Botello-Morte
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Bouchier
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme PF1 Génomique, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Ana Vieira
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier F Mariscotti
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U604, Institut Pasteur, and the Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique (INRA) USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bierne H, Dramsi S. Spatial positioning of cell wall-anchored virulence factors in Gram-positive bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:715-23. [PMID: 23141759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many virulence factors of Gram-positive bacteria are anchored to the peptidoglycan by a sorting signal. While surface display mechanisms are well characterized, less is known about the spatial and temporal organization of these proteins in the bacterial envelope. This review summarizes recent studies on the rod-shaped Listeria monocytogenes, ovococcal Streptococcus pyogenes and spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that provide insights into the compartmentalization of the surface and distribution of peptidoglycan-anchored proteins in space and time. We discuss models that support mechanistic bases for localization of proteins at the poles, septum or lateral sites. The results indicate that deployment of virulence factors by pathogenic bacteria is a dynamic process tightly connected to secretion, cell morphogenesis, cell division rate and gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bierne
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries Cellules, Paris, F-75015, France.
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García-Del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG. Remodeling of the Listeria monocytogenes cell wall inside eukaryotic cells. Commun Integr Biol 2012; 5:160-2. [PMID: 22808321 PMCID: PMC3376052 DOI: 10.4161/cib.18678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that produces many types of surface proteins. To get insights into its intracellular lifestyle, we used high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the cell wall proteome of bacteria proliferating within the eukaryotic cell. The relative amount of a few surface proteins was found notoriously different in intracellular bacteria. Internalin A (InlA), which is covalently bound to the peptidoglycan and plays a central role in bacterial entry into non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells, was present in high amounts in the cell wall of intracellular bacteria. Our study also revealed that the actin assembly-inducing protein ActA co-purified with peptidoglycan isolated from intracellular bacteria. Growth of L. monocytogenes in minimal media reproduced the predominance of InlA in the cell wall and the association of ActA with peptidoglycan. Intriguingly, bacteria grown in this condition used ActA for efficient invasion of host cells. These findings suggest that the adaptation of L. monocytogenes to the intracellular lifestyle involves changes in the relative abundance of certain surface proteins and in their mode of association to the peptidoglycan. These alterations, probably promoted by yet-unknown changes in the cell wall architecture, may instruct these proteins to perform different functions outside and inside the host cell.
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Chen J, Cheng C, Lv Y, Fang W. Genetic diversity of internalin genes in theascB-dapElocus amongListeria monocytogeneslineages III and IV strains. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:778-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshun Chen
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, and Zhejiang Aquatic Disease Prevention and Quarantine Center; Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Cheng
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Lv
- National Fisheries Technical Extension Center; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevent Veterinary Medicine; Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Illuminating the landscape of host-pathogen interactions with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19484-91. [PMID: 22114192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112371108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has, in 25 y, become a model in infection biology. Through the analysis of both its saprophytic life and infectious process, new concepts in microbiology, cell biology, and pathogenesis have been discovered. This review will update our knowledge on this intracellular pathogen and highlight the most recent breakthroughs. Promising areas of investigation such as the increasingly recognized relevance for the infectious process, of RNA-mediated regulations in the bacterium, and the role of bacterially controlled posttranslational and epigenetic modifications in the host will also be discussed.
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Aubry C, Goulard C, Nahori MA, Cayet N, Decalf J, Sachse M, Boneca IG, Cossart P, Dussurget O. OatA, a peptidoglycan O-acetyltransferase involved in Listeria monocytogenes immune escape, is critical for virulence. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:731-40. [PMID: 21844299 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to overcome immune responses and successfully infect their host. Here, we studied how Listeria monocytogenes evades immune detection by peptidoglycan (PGN) modification. By analyzing L. monocytogenes muropeptides, we detected O-acetylated muramic acid residues. We identified an O-acetyltransferase gene, oatA, in the L. monocytogenes genome sequence. Comparison of PGN from parental and isogenic oatA mutant strains showed that the O-acetyltransferase OatA O-acetylates Listeria PGN. We also found that PGN O-acetylation confers resistance to different types of antimicrobial compounds targeting bacterial cell wall such as lysozyme, β-lactam antibiotics, and bacteriocins and that O-acetylation is required for Listeria growth in macrophages. Moreover, oatA mutant virulence is drastically affected in mice following intravenous or oral inoculation. In addition, the oatA mutant induced early secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo. These results suggest an important role for OatA in limiting innate immune responses and promoting bacterial survival in the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Aubry
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
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Nikitas G, Deschamps C, Disson O, Niault T, Cossart P, Lecuit M. Transcytosis of Listeria monocytogenes across the intestinal barrier upon specific targeting of goblet cell accessible E-cadherin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2263-77. [PMID: 21967767 PMCID: PMC3201198 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes targets accessible E-cadherin expressed on mucus-producing goblet cells to invade the intestinal tissue. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that crosses the intestinal barrier upon interaction between its surface protein InlA and its species-specific host receptor E-cadherin (Ecad). Ecad, the key constituent of adherens junctions, is typically situated below tight junctions and therefore considered inaccessible from the intestinal lumen. In this study, we investigated how Lm specifically targets its receptor on intestinal villi and crosses the intestinal epithelium to disseminate systemically. We demonstrate that Ecad is luminally accessible around mucus-expelling goblet cells (GCs), around extruding enterocytes at the tip and lateral sides of villi, and in villus epithelial folds. We show that upon preferential adherence to accessible Ecad on GCs, Lm is internalized, rapidly transcytosed across the intestinal epithelium, and released in the lamina propria by exocytosis from where it disseminates systemically. Together, these results show that Lm exploits intrinsic tissue heterogeneity to access its receptor and reveal transcytosis as a novel and unanticipated pathway that is hijacked by Lm to breach the intestinal epithelium and cause systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikitas
- Microbes and Host Barriers Group, French National Reference Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Markkula A, Lindström M, Korkeala H. Listeria monocytogenes Serotypes 1/2c and 3c Possess inlH. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annukka Markkula
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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García-del Portillo F, Calvo E, D'Orazio V, Pucciarelli MG. Association of ActA to peptidoglycan revealed by cell wall proteomics of intracellular Listeria monocytogenes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34675-89. [PMID: 21846725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.230441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterial pathogen that colonizes the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Recent transcriptomic studies have revealed that intracellular L. monocytogenes alter expression of genes encoding envelope components. However, no comparative global analysis of this cell wall remodeling process is yet known at the protein level. Here, we used high resolution mass spectrometry to define the cell wall proteome of L. monocytogenes growing inside epithelial cells. When compared with extracellular bacteria growing in a nutrient-rich medium, a major difference found in the proteome was the presence of the actin assembly-inducing protein ActA in peptidoglycan purified from intracellular bacteria. ActA was also identified in the peptidoglycan of extracellular bacteria growing in a chemically defined minimal medium. In this condition, ActA maintains its membrane anchoring domain and promotes efficient bacterial entry into nonphagocytic host cells. Unexpectedly, Internalin-A, which mediates entry of extracellular L. monocytogenes into eukaryotic cells, was identified at late infection times (6 h) as an abundant protein in the cell wall of intracellular bacteria. Other surface proteins covalently bound to the peptidoglycan, as Lmo0514 and Lmo2085, were detected exclusively in intracellular and extracellular bacteria, respectively. Altogether, these data provide the first insights into the changes occurring at the protein level in the L. monocytogenes cell wall as the pathogen transits from the extracellular environment to an intracytosolic lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells. Some of these changes include alterations in the relative amount and the mode of association of certain surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Genome sequence of the nonpathogenic Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4a strain M7. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:5019-20. [PMID: 21742872 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05501-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents the complete and annotated genome sequence of the naturally nonpathogenic Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4a strain M7, isolated from cow's milk in Zhejiang province, China.
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29
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Regulated shift from helical to polar localization of Listeria monocytogenes cell wall-anchored proteins. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:4425-37. [PMID: 21725001 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01154-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many virulence factors of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens are covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan (PG) by sortase enzymes. However, for rod-shaped bacteria little is known about the spatiotemporal organization of these surface proteins in the cell wall. Here we report the three-dimensional (3D) localization of the PG-bound virulence factors InlA, InlH, InlJ, and SvpA in the envelope of Listeria monocytogenes under different growth conditions. We found that all PG-anchored proteins are positioned along the lateral cell wall in nonoverlapping helices. However, these surface proteins can also become localized at the pole and asymmetrically distributed when specific regulatory pathways are activated. InlA and InlJ are enriched at poles when expressed at high levels in exponential-phase bacteria. InlA and InlH, which are σ(B)dependent, specifically relocalize to the septal cell wall and subsequently to the new pole in cells entering stationary phase. The accumulation of InlA and InlH in the septal region also occurs when oxidative stress impairs bacterial growth. In contrast, the iron-dependent protein SvpA is present at the old pole and is excluded from the septum and new pole of bacteria grown under low-iron conditions. We conclude that L. monocytogenes rapidly reorganizes the spatial localization of its PG proteins in response to changes in environmental conditions such as nutrient deprivation or other stresses. This dynamic control would distribute virulence factors at specific sites during the infectious process.
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30
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Jiang J, Chen J, Cheng C, Hu H, Bai F, Chen N, Yan G, Fang W. Disruption of InlC2 enhances the internalization of Listeria monocytogenes by epithelial cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stavru F, Archambaud C, Cossart P. Cell biology and immunology of Listeria monocytogenes infections: novel insights. Immunol Rev 2011; 240:160-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Blue and red light modulates SigB-dependent gene transcription, swimming motility and invasiveness in Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16151. [PMID: 21264304 PMCID: PMC3019169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a number of gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria, the general stress response is regulated by the alternative sigma factor B (SigB). Common stressors which lead to the activation of SigB and the SigB-dependent regulon are high osmolarity, acid and several more. Recently is has been shown that also blue and red light activates SigB in Bacillus subtilis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By qRT-PCR we analyzed the transcriptional response of the pathogen L. monocytogenes to blue and red light in wild type bacteria and in isogenic deletion mutants for the putative blue-light receptor Lmo0799 and the stress sigma factor SigB. It was found that both blue (455 nm) and red (625 nm) light induced the transcription of sigB and SigB-dependent genes, this induction was completely abolished in the SigB mutant. The blue-light effect was largely dependent on Lmo0799, proving that this protein is a genuine blue-light receptor. The deletion of lmo0799 enhanced the red-light effect, the underlying mechanism as well as that of SigB activation by red light remains unknown. Blue light led to an increased transcription of the internalin A/B genes and of bacterial invasiveness for Caco-2 enterocytes. Exposure to blue light also strongly inhibited swimming motility of the bacteria in a Lmo0799- and SigB-dependent manner, red light had no effect there. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data established that visible, in particular blue light is an important environmental signal with an impact on gene expression and physiology of the non-phototrophic bacterium L. monocytogenes. In natural environments these effects will result in sometimes random but potentially also cyclic fluctuations of gene activity, depending on the light conditions prevailing in the respective habitat.
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