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Souza JSM, Lisboa ABP, Santos TM, Andrade MVS, Neves VBS, Teles-Souza J, Jesus HNR, Bezerra TG, Falcão VGO, Oliveira RC, Del-Bem LE. The evolution of ADAM gene family in eukaryotes. Genomics 2020; 112:3108-3116. [PMID: 32437852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) gene family encodes proteins with adhesion and proteolytic functions. ADAM proteins are associated with diseases like cancers. Twenty ADAM genes have been identified in humans. However, little is known about the evolution of the family. We analyzed the repertoire of ADAM genes in a vast number of eukaryotic genomes to clarify the main gene copy number expansions. For the first time, we provide compelling evidence that early-branching green algae (Mamiellophyceae) have ADAM genes, suggesting that they originated in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes, before the split of plants, fungi and animals. The ADAM family expanded in early metazoans, with the most significative gene expansion happening during the first steps of vertebrate evolution. We concluded that most of mammal ADAM diversity can be explained by gene duplications in early bone fish. Our data suggest that ADAM genes were lost early in green plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S M Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - A B P Lisboa
- Biotechnology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; Bioinformatics program, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - T M Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; Bioinformatics program, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - M V S Andrade
- Biotechnology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - V B S Neves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - J Teles-Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - H N R Jesus
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - T G Bezerra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - V G O Falcão
- Biotechnology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - R C Oliveira
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology program, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - L E Del-Bem
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, Brazil.
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Kobayashi T, Maeda H, Takeuchi M, Yamagata Y. Deletion of admB gene encoding a fungal ADAM affects cell wall construction in Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1041-1050. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1270741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammals possess a unique signaling system based on the proteolytic mechanism of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) on the cell surface. We found two genes encoding ADAMs in Aspergillus oryzae and named them admA and admB. We produced admA and admB deletion strains to elucidate their biological function and clarify whether fungal ADAMs play a similar role as in mammals. The ∆admA∆admB and ∆admB strains were sensitive to cell wall-perturbing agents, congo red, and calcofluor white. Moreover, the two strains showed significantly increased weights of total alkali-soluble fractions from the mycelial cell wall compared to the control strain. Furthermore, ∆admB showed MpkA phosphorylation at lower concentration of congo red stimulation than the control strain. However, the MpkA phosphorylation level was not different between ∆admB and the control strain without the stimulation. The results indicated that A. oryzae AdmB involved in the cell wall integrity without going through the MpkA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Life Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Life Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Michio Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamagata
- Department of Applied Life Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Fungal proteases and their pathophysiological effects. Mycopathologia 2011; 171:299-323. [PMID: 21259054 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes play an important role in fungal physiology and development. External digestion of protein substrates by secreted proteases is required for survival and growth of both saprophytic and pathogenic species. Extracellular serine, aspartic, and metalloproteases are considered virulence factors of many pathogenic species. New findings focus on novel membrane-associated proteases such as yapsins and ADAMs and their role in pathology. Proteases from fungi induce inflammatory responses by altering the permeability of epithelial barrier and by induction of proinflammatory cytokines through protease-activated receptors. Many fungal allergens possess proteolytic activity that appears to be essential in eliciting Th2 responses. Allergenic fungal proteases can act as adjuvants, potentiating responses to other allergens. Proteolytic enzymes from fungi contribute to inflammation through interactions with the kinin system as well as the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades. Their effect on the host protease-antiprotease balance results from activation of endogenous proteases and degradation of protease inhibitors. Recent studies of the role of fungi in human health point to the growing importance of proteases not only as pathogenic agents in fungal infections but also in asthma, allergy, and damp building related illnesses. Proteolytic enzymes from fungi are widely used in biotechnology, mainly in food, leather, and detergent industries, in ecological bioremediation processes and to produce therapeutic peptides. The involvement of fungal proteases in diverse pathological mechanisms makes them potential targets of therapeutic intervention and candidates for biomarkers of disease and exposure.
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Structure, function and latency regulation of a bacterial enterotoxin potentially derived from a mammalian adamalysin/ADAM xenolog. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:1856-61. [PMID: 21233422 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012173108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis is the most frequent disease-causing anaerobe in the intestinal tract of humans and livestock and its specific virulence factor is fragilysin, also known as B. fragilis toxin. This is a 21-kDa zinc-dependent metallopeptidase existing in three closely related isoforms that hydrolyze E-cadherin and contribute to secretory diarrhea, and possibly to inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Here we studied the function and zymogenic structure of fragilysin-3 and found that its activity is repressed by a ∼170-residue prodomain, which is the largest hitherto structurally characterized for a metallopeptidase. This prodomain plays a role in both the latency and folding stability of the catalytic domain and it has no significant sequence similarity to any known protein. The prodomain adopts a novel fold and inhibits the protease domain via an aspartate-switch mechanism. The catalytic fragilysin-3 moiety is active against several protein substrates and its structure reveals a new family prototype within the metzincin clan of metallopeptidases. It shows high structural similarity despite negligible sequence identity to adamalysins/ADAMs, which have only been described in eukaryotes. Because no similar protein has been found outside enterotoxigenic B. fragilis, our findings support that fragilysins derived from a mammalian adamalysin/ADAM xenolog that was co-opted by B. fragilis through a rare case of horizontal gene transfer from a eukaryotic cell to a bacterial cell. Subsequently, this co-opted peptidase was provided with a unique chaperone and latency maintainer in the time course of evolution to render a robust and dedicated toxin to compromise the intestinal epithelium of mammalian hosts.
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