1
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Williamson GL, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Clinical and Preclinical Methods of Heat-Stabilization of Human Vaccines. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1015-1026. [PMID: 38288698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines have historically faced challenges regarding stability, especially in regions lacking a robust cold chain infrastructure. This review delves into established and emergent techniques to improve the thermostability of vaccines. We discuss the widely practiced lyophilization method, effectively transforming liquid vaccine formulations into a solid powdered state, enhancing storage and transportation ability. However, potential protein denaturation during lyophilization necessitates alternative stabilization methods. Cryoprotectants, namely, starch and sugar molecules, have shown promise in protecting vaccine antigens and adjuvants from denaturation and augmenting the stability of biologics during freeze-drying. Biomineralization, a less studied yet innovative approach, utilizes inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrids to encapsulate biological components of vaccines with a particular emphasis on metal-organic coordination polymers. Encapsulation in organic matrices to form particles or microneedles have also been studied in the context of vaccine thermostability, showing some ability to store outside the cold-chain. Unfortunately, few of these techniques have advanced to clinical trials that evaluate differences in storage conditions. Nonetheless, early trials suggest that alternative storage techniques are viable and emphasize the need for more comprehensive studies. This review underscores the pressing need for heat-stable vaccines, especially in light of the increasing global distribution challenges. Combining traditional methods with novel approaches holds promise for the future adaptability of vaccine distribution and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Williamson
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State/UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7290, United States
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2
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Yang C, Zhao L, Zhou J, Cheng Y, Yang J, Zhou H, Luo W, Lu S, Jin D, Pu J, Zhang S, Liu L, Xu J. Neisseria lisongii sp. nov. and Neisseria yangbaofengii sp. nov., isolated from the respiratory tracts of marmots. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37610801 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile, cocci-shaped bacteria strains (ZJ106T, ZJ104, ZJ785T and ZJ930) were isolated from marmot respiratory tracts. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes, 53 ribosomal protein sequences and 441 core genes supported that all four strains belonged to the genus Neisseria with close relatives Neisseria weixii 10022T and Neisseria iguanae ATCC 51483T. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were below the species-level thresholds (95-96 % for ANI, and 70 % for dDDH). The major fatty acids of all four strains were C16 : 1 ω7c /C16 : 1 ω6c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. Major polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. MK-8 was the major menaquinone. Based on Virulence Factor Database analysis, the four strains were found to contain NspA and PorB H-factor binding proteins that promote evasion of host immunity. Strains ZJ106T and ZJ104 contained structures similar to the capsule synthesis manipulator of Neisseria meningitidis. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that strains ZJ106T and ZJ785T represent two novel species of the genus Neisseria, respectively, with the names Neisseria lisongii sp. nov. and Neisseria yangbaofengii sp. nov. The type strains are ZJ106T (=GDMCC 1.3111T=JCM 35323T) and ZJ785T (=GDMCC 1.1998T=KCTC 82336T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin 300305, PR China
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3
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Dold C, Marsay L, Wang N, Silva-Reyes L, Clutterbuck E, Paterson GK, Sharkey K, Wyllie D, Beernink PT, Hill AV, Pollard AJ, Rollier CS. An adenoviral-vectored vaccine confers seroprotection against capsular group B meningococcal disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade3901. [PMID: 37343082 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral-vectored vaccines are licensed for prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Ebola virus, but, for bacterial proteins, expression in a eukaryotic cell may affect the antigen's localization and conformation or lead to unwanted glycosylation. Here, we investigated the potential use of an adenoviral-vectored vaccine platform for capsular group B meningococcus (MenB). Vector-based candidate vaccines expressing MenB antigen factor H binding protein (fHbp) were generated, and immunogenicity was assessed in mouse models, including the functional antibody response by serum bactericidal assay (SBA) using human complement. All adenovirus-based vaccine candidates induced high antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses. A single dose induced functional serum bactericidal responses with titers superior or equal to those induced by two doses of protein-based comparators, as well as longer persistence and a similar breadth. The fHbp transgene was further optimized for human use by incorporating a mutation abrogating binding to the human complement inhibitor factor H. The resulting vaccine candidate induced high and persistent SBA responses in transgenic mice expressing human factor H. The optimized transgene was inserted into the clinically relevant ChAdOx1 backbone, and this vaccine has now progressed to clinical development. The results of this preclinical vaccine development study underline the potential of vaccines based on genetic material to induce functional antibody responses against bacterial outer membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Leanne Marsay
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nelson Wang
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Laura Silva-Reyes
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Elizabeth Clutterbuck
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Gavin K Paterson
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kelsey Sharkey
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Wyllie
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Peter T Beernink
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adrian V Hill
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Veggi D, Malito E, Lo Surdo P, Pansegrau W, Rippa V, Wahome N, Savino S, Masignani V, Pizza M, Bottomley MJ. Structural characterization of a cross-protective natural chimera of factor H binding protein from meningococcal serogroup B strain NL096. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2070-2081. [PMID: 35601959 PMCID: PMC9079162 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis and is a global health threat. Factor H binding protein (fHbp) is a protective antigen included in the two currently available vaccines against serogroup B meningococcus (MenB). FHbp is a remarkably variable surface-exposed meningococcal virulence factor with over 1300 different amino acid sequences identified so far. Based on this variability, fHbp has been classified into three variants, two subfamilies or nine modular groups, with low degrees of cross-protective activity. Here, we report the crystal structure of a natural fHbp cross-variant chimera, named variant1-2,3.x expressed by the MenB clinical isolate NL096, at 1.2 Å resolution, the highest resolution of any fHbp structure reported to date. We combined biochemical, site-directed mutagenesis and computational biophysics studies to deeply characterize this rare chimera. We determined the structure to be composed of two adjacent domains deriving from the three variants and determined the molecular basis of its stability, ability to bind Factor H and to adopt the canonical three-dimensional fHbp structure. These studies guided the design of loss-of-function mutations with potential for even greater immunogenicity. Moreover, this study represents a further step in the understanding of the fHbp biological and immunological evolution in nature. The chimeric variant1-2,3.x fHbp protein emerges as an intriguing cross-protective immunogen and suggests that identification of such naturally occurring hybrid proteins may result in stable and cross-protective immunogens when seeking to design and develop vaccines against highly variable pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Veggi
- Corresponding author at: GSK Vaccines srl, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
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Kumar R, Srivastava V, Baindara P, Ahmad A. Thermostable vaccines: an innovative concept in vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:811-824. [PMID: 35285366 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2053678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines represent one of the most common and safer ways of combating infectious diseases. Loss of potency owing to thermal denaturation or degradation of almost all the commercially available vaccines necessitates their storage, transportation, and final dissemination under refrigerated or deep-freeze conditions. However, maintenance of a continuous cold chain at every step raises the cost of vaccines significantly. A large number of life-saving vaccines are discarded before their application owing to exposure to sub-optimum temperatures. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of a thermostable vaccine with a long shelf life at ambient temperature. AREAS COVERED A literature search was performed to compile a list of different vaccines, along with their storage and handling conditions. Similarly, a separate list was prepared for different coronavirus vaccines which are in use against coronavirus disease 2019. A literature survey was also performed to look at different approaches undertaken globally to address the issue of the cold-chain problem. We emphasised the importance of yeast cells in the development of thermostable vaccines. In the end, we discussed why thermostable vaccines are required, not only in resource-poor settings in Asian and African countries but also for resource-rich settings in Europe and North America. EXPERT OPINION : Temperature change can severely impact the stability of various life-saving vaccines. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of thermostable vaccines with a long shelf life at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, California, USA
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Wits Medical School, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65201, Missouri, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Wits Medical School, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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6
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Natali EN, Principato S, Ferlicca F, Bianchi F, Fontana LE, Faleri A, Pansegrau W, Surdo PL, Bartolini E, Santini L, Brunelli B, Giusti F, Veggi D, Ferlenghi I, Norais N, Scarselli M. Synergic complement-mediated bactericidal activity of monoclonal antibodies with distinct specificity. FASEB J 2020; 34:10329-10341. [PMID: 32725956 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902795r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The classical complement pathway is triggered when antigen-bound immunoglobulins bind to C1q through their Fc region. While C1q binds to a single Fc with low affinity, a higher avidity stable binding of two or more of C1q globular heads initiates the downstream reactions of the complement cascade ultimately resulting in bacteriolysis. Synergistic bactericidal activity has been demonstrated when monoclonal antibodies recognize nonoverlapping epitopes of the same antigen. The aim of the present work was to investigate the synergistic effect between antibodies directed toward different antigens. To this purpose, we investigated the bactericidal activity induced by combinations of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against factor H-binding protein (fHbp) and Neisserial Heparin-Binding Antigen (NHBA), two major antigens included in Bexsero, the vaccine against Meningococcus B, for prevention from this devastating disease in infants and adolescents. Collectively, our results show that mAbs recognizing different antigens can synergistically activate complement even when each single Mab is not bactericidal, reinforcing the evidence that cooperative immunity induced by antigen combinations can represent a remarkable added value of multicomponent vaccines. Our study also shows that the synergistic effect of antibodies is modulated by the nature of the respective epitopes, as well as by the antigen density on the bacterial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriberto Noel Natali
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,CERM, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Principato
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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7
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Beernink PT. Effect of complement Factor H on antibody repertoire and protection elicited by meningococcal capsular group B vaccines containing Factor H binding protein. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:703-712. [PMID: 31526219 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1664241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria produce surface ligands for host complement regulators including Factor H (FH), which allows the bacteria to evade immunity. Meningococcal Factor H binding protein (FHbp) is both a virulence factor and a vaccine antigen. Antibodies to FHbp can neutralize its function by inhibiting binding of FH to the bacteria and confer robust complement-mediated protection. However, in the presence of human or primate FH, antibodies to FHbp do not inhibit FH binding and the protective antibody responses are decreased. This immune suppression can be overcome by modification of the FHbp antigen to decrease FH binding, which modulates the antibody repertoire to inhibit FH binding and increase protection. When FHbp is present at sufficient density on the bacterial surface, two or more antibodies can synergize to activate the complement system. Thus, modification of FHbp antigens to decrease FH binding expands the anti-FHbp antibody repertoire and increases the potential for synergistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Beernink
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wahid AA, Doekhie A, Sartbaeva A, van den Elsen JMH. Ensilication Improves the Thermal Stability of the Tuberculosis Antigen Ag85b and an Sbi-Ag85b Vaccine Conjugate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11409. [PMID: 31391509 PMCID: PMC6685958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the development of vaccine thermostabilisation methodologies as the maintenance of a continuous and reliable cold chain remains a major hurdle to the global distribution of safe and effective vaccines. Ensilication, a method that encases proteins in a resistant silica cage has been shown to physically prevent the thermal denaturation of a number of model proteins. In this study we investigate the utility of this promising approach in improving the thermal stability of antigens and vaccine conjugates highly relevant to the development of candidate tuberculosis vaccines, including antigen 85b conjugated with the Staphylococcus aureus-protein based adjuvant Sbi. Here we analyse the sensitivity of these constructs to thermal denaturation and demonstrate for the first time the benefits of ensilication in conferring these vaccine-relevant proteins with protection against temperature-induced loss of structure and function without the need for refrigeration. Our results reveal the potential of ensilication in facilitating the storage and transport of vaccines at ambient temperatures in the future and therefore in delivering life-saving vaccines globally, and in particular to remote areas of developing countries where disease rates are often highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Wahid
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - A Doekhie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - A Sartbaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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9
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Beernink PT, Vianzon V, Lewis LA, Moe GR, Granoff DM. A Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine with Overexpressed Mutant FHbp Elicits Higher Protective Antibody Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques than a Licensed Serogroup B Vaccine. mBio 2019; 10:e01231-19. [PMID: 31213564 PMCID: PMC6581866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01231-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MenB-4C (Bexsero; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) is a licensed meningococcal vaccine for capsular B strains. The vaccine contains detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicles (dOMV) and three recombinant proteins, of which one is factor H binding protein (FHbp). In previous studies, overexpression of FHbp in native OMV (NOMV) with genetically attenuated endotoxin (LpxL1) and/or by the use of mutant FHbp antigens with low factor H (FH) binding increased serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) responses. In this study, we immunized 13 infant macaques with 2 doses of NOMV with overexpressed mutant (R41S) FHbp with low binding to macaque FH (NOMV-FHbp). Control macaques received MenB-4C (n = 13) or aluminum hydroxide adjuvant alone (n = 4). NOMV-FHbp elicited a 2-fold higher IgG anti-FHbp geometric mean titer (GMT) than MenB-4C (P = 0.003), and the anti-FHbp repertoire inhibited binding of FH to FHbp, whereas anti-FHbp antibodies to MenB-4C enhanced FH binding. MenB-4C elicited a 10-fold higher GMT against strain NZ98/254, which was used to prepare the dOMV component, whereas NOMV-FHbp elicited an 8-fold higher GMT against strain H44/76, which was the parent of the mutant NOMV-FHbp vaccine strain. Against four strains with PorA mismatched to both of the vaccines and different FHbp sequence variants, NOMV-FHbp elicited 6- to 14-fold higher SBA GMTs than MenB-4C (P ≤ 0.0002). Two of 13 macaques immunized with MenB-4C but 0 of 17 macaques immunized with NOMV-FHbp or adjuvant developed serum anti-FH autoantibodies (P = 0.18). Thus, the mutant NOMV-FHbp approach has the potential to elicit higher and broader SBA responses than a licensed group B vaccine that contains wild-type FHbp that binds FH. The mutant NOMV-FHbp also might pose less of a risk of eliciting anti-FH autoantibodies.IMPORTANCE There are two licensed meningococcal capsular B vaccines. Both contain recombinant factor H binding protein (FHbp), which can bind to host complement factor H (FH). The limitations of these vaccines include a lack of protection against some meningococcal strains and the potential to elicit autoantibodies to FH. We immunized infant macaques with a native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccine with genetically attenuated endotoxin and overproduced mutant FHbp with low binding to FH. The NOMV-FHbp vaccine stimulated higher levels of protective serum antibodies than a licensed meningococcal group B vaccine against five of six genetically diverse meningococcal strains tested. Two of 13 macaques immunized with the licensed vaccine, which contains FHbp that binds macaque FH, but 0 of 17 macaques given NOMV-FHbp or the negative control developed serum anti-FH autoantibodies Thus, in a relevant nonhuman primate model, the NOMV-FHbp vaccine elicited greater protective antibodies than the licensed vaccine and may pose less of a risk of anti-FH autoantibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Beernink
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vianca Vianzon
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Lisa A Lewis
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory R Moe
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dan M Granoff
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Leung V, Mapletoft J, Zhang A, Lee A, Vahedi F, Chew M, Szewczyk A, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S, Ang J, Cowbrough B, Miller MS, Ashkar A, Filipe CDM. Thermal Stabilization of Viral Vaccines in Low-Cost Sugar Films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7631. [PMID: 31113974 PMCID: PMC6529427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most currently available vaccines, particularly live vaccines, require the cold chain, as vaccine efficacy can be significantly hampered if they are not stored in a temperature range of 2-8 °C at all times. This necessity places a tremendous financial and logistical burden on vaccination programs, particularly in the developing world. The development of thermally stable vaccines can greatly alleviate this problem and, in turn, increase vaccine accessibility worldwide. In this paper, we detail a simple and cost-effective method for stabilizing live vaccines that uses FDA-approved materials. To this end, we dried enveloped DNA (Herpes Simplex Virus type 2) and RNA (Influenza A virus) viral vaccines in a pullulan and trehalose mixture. The results of these studies showed that the live-attenuated HSV-2 vaccine retained its efficacy for at least 2 months of storage at 40 °C, while the inactivated influenza vaccine was able to retain its immunogenicity for at least 3 months of storage at 40 °C. This work presents a simple approach that allows thermo-sensitive vaccines to be converted into thermo-stable vaccines that do not require refrigeration, thus contributing to the improvement of vaccine deployment throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Leung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Mapletoft
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Marianne Chew
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexandra Szewczyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sana Jahanshahi-Anbuhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jann Ang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Braeden Cowbrough
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Rm 4015 Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Carlos D M Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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11
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Lo Passo C, Zippilli L, Angiolillo A, Costa I, Pernice I, Galbo R, Felici F, Beernink PT. Molecular characterization of two sub-family specific monoclonal antibodies to meningococcal Factor H binding protein. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00591. [PMID: 29644339 PMCID: PMC5889710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor H binding protein (FHbp) is a component of two licensed vaccines for prevention of sepsis and meningitis caused by serogroup B meningococci. FHbp binds human Factor H (FH), which contributes to evasion of host immunity and FHbp sequence variants can be classified into two sub-families. Antibodies against FHbp elicit complement-mediated killing and can inhibit recruitment of FH to the bacterial surface. We report epitope mapping studies of two murine IgG mAbs, designated JAR 31 and JAR 36, isolated from a mouse immunized with FHbp in sub-family A, which is present in ∼30-40% of invasive isolates. In the present study, we tested the reactivity of mAbs JAR 31 and JAR 36 with seven natural FHbp sequence variants from different phylogenic groups. We screened bacteriophage-displayed peptide libraries to identify amino acid residues contributing to the JAR 36 epitope. Based on the reactivities of mAbs JAR 31 and JAR 36 with the seven FHbp variants, and the frequent occurrences of aspartate (D) and lysine (K) residues in the JAR 36-bound phage peptides, we selected six residues in the carboxyl-terminal region of FHbp for replacement with alanine (A). The D201A and K203A substitutions respectively eliminated and decreased binding of mAbs JAR 31 and JAR 36 to FHbp. These substitutions did not affect binding of the control mAb JAR 33 or of human FH. JAR 31 or JAR 36 mediated cooperative complement-mediated bactericidal activity with other anti-FHbp mAbs. The identification of two amino acid residues involved in the epitopes recognized by these anti-FHbp mAbs may contribute to a more complete understanding of the spatial requirements for cooperative anti-FHbp mAb bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lo Passo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - L Zippilli
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche (CB), Italy
| | - A Angiolillo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - I Costa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - I Pernice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R Galbo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - F Felici
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche (CB), Italy
| | - P T Beernink
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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12
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Cornelissen CN. Subversion of nutritional immunity by the pathogenic Neisseriae. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4553517. [PMID: 29045638 PMCID: PMC6251569 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic Neisseria species, including Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are obligate human pathogens that cause significant morbidity and mortality. The success of these pathogens, with regard to causing disease in humans, is inextricably linked to their ability to acquire necessary nutrients in the hostile environment of the host. Humans deploy a significant arsenal of weaponry to defend against bacterial pathogens, not least of which are the metal-sequestering proteins that entrap and withhold transition metals, including iron, zinc and manganese, from invaders. This review will discuss the general strategies that bacteria employ to overcome these metal-sequestering attempts by the host, and then will focus on the relatively uncommon 'metal piracy' approaches utilized by the pathogenic Neisseria for this purpose. Because acquiring metals from the environment is critical to microbial survival, interfering with this process could impede growth and therefore disease initiation or progression. This review will also discuss how interfering with metal uptake by the pathogenic Neisseriae could be deployed in the development of novel or improved preventative or therapeutic measures against these important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Nau Cornelissen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
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13
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Abstract
The majority of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the developed world is caused by capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis, however success with vaccination against organisms bearing this capsule has previously been restricted to control of geographically limited clonal outbreaks. As we enter a new era, with the first routine program underway to control endemic group B meningococcal disease for infants in the UK, it is timely to review the key landmarks in group B vaccine development, and discuss the issues determining whether control of endemic group B disease will be achieved. Evidence of a reduction in carriage acquisition of invasive group B meningococcal strains, after vaccination among adolescents, is imperative if routine immunization is to drive population control of disease beyond those who are vaccinated (i.e. through herd immunity). The need for multiple doses to generate a sufficiently protective response and reactogenicity remain significant problems with the new generation of vaccines. Despite these limitations, early data from the UK indicate that new group B meningococcal vaccines have the potential to have a major impact on meningococcal disease, and to provide new insight into how we might do better in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Wang
- a School of Medicine , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Paediatrics , Oxford Vaccine Group , Oxford , UK
| | - A J Pollard
- b Department of Paediatrics , Oxford Vaccine Group , Oxford , UK.,c NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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14
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Parente R, Clark SJ, Inforzato A, Day AJ. Complement factor H in host defense and immune evasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1605-1624. [PMID: 27942748 PMCID: PMC5378756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complement is the major humoral component of the innate immune system. It recognizes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, and initiates the immune response in coordination with innate and adaptive immunity. When activated, the complement system unleashes powerful cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms, and thus its tight control is crucial to prevent damage to host tissues and allow restoration of immune homeostasis. Factor H is the major soluble inhibitor of complement, where its binding to self markers (i.e., particular glycan structures) prevents complement activation and amplification on host surfaces. Not surprisingly, mutations and polymorphisms that affect recognition of self by factor H are associated with diseases of complement dysregulation, such as age-related macular degeneration and atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition, pathogens (i.e., non-self) and cancer cells (i.e., altered-self) can hijack factor H to evade the immune response. Here we review recent (and not so recent) literature on the structure and function of factor H, including the emerging roles of this protein in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Parente
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Simon J Clark
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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