1
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Bansal G, Ghanem M, Sears KT, Galen JE, Tennant SM. Genetic engineering of Salmonella spp. for novel vaccine strategies and therapeutics. EcoSal Plus 2024:eesp00042023. [PMID: 39023252 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0004-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a diverse species that infects both humans and animals. S. enterica subspecies enterica consists of more than 1,500 serovars. Unlike typhoidal Salmonella serovars which are human host-restricted, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are associated with foodborne illnesses worldwide and are transmitted via the food chain. Additionally, NTS serovars can cause disease in livestock animals causing significant economic losses. Salmonella is a well-studied model organism that is easy to manipulate and evaluate in animal models of infection. Advances in genetic engineering approaches in recent years have led to the development of Salmonella vaccines for both humans and animals. In this review, we focus on current progress of recombinant live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines, their use as a source of antigens for parenteral vaccines, their use as live-vector vaccines to deliver foreign antigens, and their use as therapeutic cancer vaccines in humans. We also describe development of live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines and live-vector vaccines for use in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bansal
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Khandra T Sears
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Lentsch V, Aslani S, Echtermann T, Preet S, Cappio Barazzone E, Hoces D, Moresi C, Kümmerlen D, Slack E. "EvoVax" - A rationally designed inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine induces strong and long-lasting immune responses in pigs. Vaccine 2023; 41:5545-5552. [PMID: 37517910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) poses a considerable threat to public health due to its zoonotic potential. Human infections are mostly foodborne, and pork and pork products are ranked among the top culprits for transmission. In addition, the high percentage of antibiotic resistance, especially in monophasic S.Tm, limits treatment options when needed. Better S.Tm control would therefore be of benefit both for farm animals and for safety of the human food chain. A promising pre-harvest intervention is vaccination. In this study we tested safety and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated S.Tm vaccine, which has been recently shown to generate an "evolutionary trap" and to massively reduce S.Tm colonization and transmission in mice. We show that this vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe in post-weaning pigs and that administration of a single oral dose results in a strong and long-lasting serum IgG response. This has several advantages over existing - mainly live - vaccines against S.Tm, both in improved seroconversion and reduced risk of vaccine-strain persistence and reversion to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lentsch
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aslani
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Echtermann
- Division of Swine Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Swapan Preet
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Hoces
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Moresi
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dolf Kümmerlen
- Division of Swine Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Botnar Research Centre for Child Health, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Wang F, Wang L, Ge H, Wang X, Guo Y, Xu Z, Geng S, Jiao X, Chen X. Safety of the Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin strain Sdu189-derived live attenuated vaccine—A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:986332. [PMID: 36246339 PMCID: PMC9554587 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is an important zoonotic pathogen with high invasiveness. In the prevention and control of the Salmonella epidemic, the live attenuated vaccine plays a very important role. To prevent and control the epidemic of S. Dublin in cattle farms, the development of more effective vaccines is necessary. In this study, we constructed two gene deletion mutants, Sdu189ΔspiC and Sdu189ΔspiCΔaroA, with the parental strain S. Dublin Sdu189. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in the mice model. First, both mutant strains were much less virulent than the parental strain, as determined by the 50% lethal dose (LD50) for specific pathogen-free (SPF) 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. Second, the specific IgG antibody level and the expression level of cytokine TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-18 were increased significantly in the vaccinated mice compared to the control group. In addition, the deletion strains were cleared rapidly from organs of immunized mice within 14 d after immunization, while the parental strain could still be detected in the spleen and liver after 21 d of infection. Compared with the parental strain infected group, no obvious lesions were detected in the liver, spleen, and cecum of the deletion strain vaccinated groups of mice. Immunization with Sdu189ΔspiC and Sdu189ΔspiCΔaroA both provided 100% protection against subsequent challenges with the wild-type Sdu189 strain. These results demonstrated that these two deletion strains showed the potential as live attenuated vaccines against S. Dublin infection. The present study established a foundation for screening a suitable live attenuated Salmonella vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Xin'an Jiao
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Chen
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4
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Senevirathne A, Hewawaduge C, Lee JH. Assessing an O-antigen deficient, live attenuated Salmonella Gallinarium strain that is DIVA compatible, environmentally safe, and protects chickens against fowl typhoid. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104433. [PMID: 35568244 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to create a highly attenuated, safe Salmonella Gallinarium (SG) vaccine strain for chicken vaccination against fowl typhoid (FT) diseases. The SG vaccine strain (SGVS) consists of three virulence-related gene deletions, namely, lon, cpxR, and rfaL. The parent strain (SGPS) with Δlon ΔcpxR genotype was utilized as the host strain for in-frame rfaL gene deletion by lambda red recombination. The SGVS was highly attenuated with improved environmental safety by zero fecal contamination beyond seven days for both oral and intramuscular immunization routes. Upon inoculation into 1-month-old young chicken, no vaccine-induced adverse behaviors were observed and did not cause a chronic state of infection as the SG wild-type strain did. Immunization of chicken elicited both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses demarcated by, IgY antibody assessment, T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the induction of immunomodulatory cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-4 to resemble both Th1 and Th2 type of immune responses. The immunological assessment revealed a high level of efficacy of the SGVS when inoculated via the IM route than the oral route. The strain was less cytotoxic with reduced cytotoxicity on chicken macrophages and was DIVA capable with minimum reactivity of immunized serum with purified SG lipopolysaccharides. The challenge study could generate 70% protection in chicken for SGVS, whereas no birds were protected in the PBS challenged group. The protection levels were evident in histopathological assessment of spleen and liver specimens and also the external appearance of the spleen with reduced lesions on immunized groups. Further experiments may be warranted to dose and route optimization for further increase in the protection level derived by present SGVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, South Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, South Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, South Korea.
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5
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Bearson SMD. Salmonella in Swine: Prevalence, Multidrug Resistance, and Vaccination Strategies. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:373-393. [PMID: 34699256 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-013120-043304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 1.3 million Salmonella infections and 420 deaths occur annually in the United States, with an estimated economic burden of $3.7 billion. More than 50% of US swine operations test positive for Salmonella according to the National Animal Health Monitoring System, and 20% of Salmonella from swine are multidrug resistant (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) as reported by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. This review on Salmonella in swine addresses the current status of these topics by discussing antimicrobial resistance and metal tolerance in Salmonella and the contribution of horizontal gene transfer. A major challenge in controlling Salmonella is that Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen in humans but is often a commensal in food animals and thereby establishes an asymptomatic reservoir state in such animals, including swine. As food animal production systems continue to expand and antimicrobial usage becomes more limited, the need for Salmonella interventions has intensified. A promising mitigation strategy is vaccination against Salmonella in swine to limit animal, environmental, and food contamination. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M D Bearson
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA;
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6
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T-Cell Cytokine Response in Salmonella Typhimurium-Vaccinated versus Infected Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080845. [PMID: 34451970 PMCID: PMC8402558 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with the live attenuated vaccine Salmoporc is an effective measure to control Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) in affected swine populations. However, the cellular immune response evoked by the Salmoporc vaccine including differences in vaccinated pigs versus non-vaccinated pigs upon STM infection have not been characterized yet. To investigate this, tissue-derived porcine lymphocytes from different treatment groups (vaccination-only, vaccination and infection, infection-only, untreated controls) were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated STM and abundances of IFN-γ, TNF-α and/or IL-17A-producing T-cell subsets were compared across organs and treatment groups. Overall, our results show the induction of a strong CD4+ T-cell response after STM infection, both locally and systemically. Low-level induction of STM-specific cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells, notably for the IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing phenotype, was detected after vaccination-only. Numerous significant contrasts in cytokine-producing T-cell phenotypes were observed after infection in vaccinated and infected versus infected-only animals. These results suggest that vaccine-induced STM-specific cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells contribute to local immunity in the gut and may limit the spread of STM to lymph nodes and systemic organs. Hence, our study provides insights into the underlying immune mechanisms that account for the efficacy of the Salmoporc vaccine.
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Roth KDR, Wenzel EV, Ruschig M, Steinke S, Langreder N, Heine PA, Schneider KT, Ballmann R, Fühner V, Kuhn P, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Dübel S, Schubert M, Moreira GMSG, Bertoglio F, Russo G, Hust M. Developing Recombinant Antibodies by Phage Display Against Infectious Diseases and Toxins for Diagnostics and Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697876. [PMID: 34307196 PMCID: PMC8294040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential molecules for diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and their toxins. Antibodies were integrated in our medical repertoire against infectious diseases more than hundred years ago by using animal sera to treat tetanus and diphtheria. In these days, most developed therapeutic antibodies target cancer or autoimmune diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was a reminder about the importance of antibodies for therapy against infectious diseases. While monoclonal antibodies could be generated by hybridoma technology since the 70ies of the former century, nowadays antibody phage display, among other display technologies, is robustly established to discover new human monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is an in vitro technology which confers the potential for generating antibodies from universal libraries against any conceivable molecule of sufficient size and omits the limitations of the immune systems. If convalescent patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is possible to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity-matured antibodies. A further advantage is the availability of the DNA sequence encoding the phage displayed antibody fragment, which is packaged in the phage particles. Therefore, the selected antibody fragments can be rapidly further engineered in any needed antibody format according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, we present an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral and eukaryotic pathogens, as well as microbial toxins, intended for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philip Alexander Heine
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rico Ballmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Dübel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Federico Bertoglio
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Gil C, Latasa C, García-Ona E, Lázaro I, Labairu J, Echeverz M, Burgui S, García B, Lasa I, Solano C. A DIVA vaccine strain lacking RpoS and the secondary messenger c-di-GMP for protection against salmonellosis in pigs. Vet Res 2020; 51:3. [PMID: 31924274 PMCID: PMC6954585 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is the second most common food-borne zoonosis in the European Union, with pigs being a major reservoir of this pathogen. Salmonella control in pig production requires multiple measures amongst which vaccination may be used to reduce subclinical carriage and shedding of prevalent serovars, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Live attenuated vaccine strains offer advantages in terms of enhancing cell mediated immunity and allowing inoculation by the oral route. However, main failures of these vaccines are the limited cross-protection achieved against heterologous serovars and interference with serological monitoring for infection. We have recently shown that an attenuated S. Enteritidis strain (ΔXIII) is protective against S. Typhimurium in a murine infection model. ΔXIII strain harbours 13 chromosomal deletions that make it unable to produce the sigma factor RpoS and synthesize cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). In this study, our objectives were to test the protective effects of ΔXIII strain in swine and to investigate if the use of ΔXIII permits the discrimination of vaccinated from infected pigs. Results show that oral vaccination of pre-weaned piglets with ΔXIII cross-protected against a challenge with S. Typhimurium by reducing faecal shedding and ileocaecal lymph nodes colonization, both at the time of weaning and slaughter. Vaccinated pigs showed neither faecal shedding nor tissue persistence of the vaccine strain at weaning, ensuring the absence of ΔXIII strain by the time of slaughter. Moreover, lack of the SEN4316 protein in ΔXIII strain allowed the development of a serological test that enabled the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | | | - Enrique García-Ona
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Isidro Lázaro
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, 31610 Villava, Navarra Spain
| | - Javier Labairu
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, 31610 Villava, Navarra Spain
| | - Maite Echeverz
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Saioa Burgui
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Begoña García
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Cristina Solano
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
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9
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Li Q, Zhu Y, Ren J, Qiao Z, Yin C, Xian H, Yuan Y, Geng S, Jiao X. Evaluation of the Safety and Protection Efficacy of spiC and nmpC or rfaL Deletion Mutants of Salmonella Enteritidis as Live Vaccine Candidates for Poultry Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E202. [PMID: 31801257 PMCID: PMC6963785 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a host-ranged pathogen that can infect both animals and humans. Poultry and poultry products are the main carriers of S. Enteritidis, which can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. To eradicate the prevalence of S. Enteritidis in poultry farms, it is necessary to develop novel vaccines against the pathogen. In this study, we constructed two vaccine candidates, CZ14-1∆spiC∆nmpC and CZ14-1∆spiC∆rfaL, and evaluated their protective efficacy. Both mutant strains were much less virulent than the parental strain, as determined by the 50% lethal dose (LD50) for three-day-old specific-pathogen free (SPF) White Leghorns and Hyline White chickens. Immunization with the mutant candidates induced highly specific humoral immune responses and expression of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, the mutant strains were found to be persistent for almost three weeks post-infection. The survival percentages of chickens immunized with CZ14-1∆spiC∆nmpC and CZ14-1∆spiC∆rfaL reached 80% and 75%, respectively, after challenge with the parental strain. Overall, these results demonstrate that the two mutant strains can be developed as live attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhuang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Honghong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (Z.Q.); (C.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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10
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Theuß T, Ueberham E, Lehmann J, Lindner T, Springer S. Immunogenic potential of a Salmonella Typhimurium live vaccine for pigs against monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium DT 193. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:343. [PMID: 29149900 PMCID: PMC5693801 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (mSTM) strains account for up to 8.6% of all human Salmonellosis cases. They have an increasing prevalence during recent years and several human cases with hospitalisation were reported. These strains are often isolated from pigs and pork - one primary source of human infection. A Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) live vaccine has been proven successful in controlling of STM infections in pigs for many years. The aim of this study was to test the immunogenicity of the vaccine in weaners during oral challenge with a virulent mSTM strain and to examine the kinetics of STM-specific IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies induced by vaccination and infection. RESULTS Despite clinical signs being present in both groups, the vaccination led to a significant reduction of diarrhoea, overall clinical symptoms and a milder elevation of the body temperature. Necropsy revealed fewer pathological lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of vaccinated compared to control animals. Moreover, in the ileal and caecal mucosa and in the ileocaecal lymph nodes the challenge strain burden was significantly reduced by vaccination. Significant differences in the antibody responses of both groups were present during the vaccination period and after infection. In vaccinated animals Salmonella-specific IgA and IgG antibody levels increased significantly after vaccination and were even more pronounced in response to challenge. In contrast, similarly low levels of IgM antibodies were detected during the vaccination period in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. However, after challenge IgM antibody levels increased significantly in control pigs while neither IgA nor IgG antibodies were detectable. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that mSTM can evoke clinical signs in weaners. Due to the vaccination their incidence and magnitude were significantly milder. Vaccination also led to a significantly reduced challenge strain burden in the intestine and the lymph nodes which is comparable to previous studies using the same vaccine in a challenge with biphasic STM. Therefore, it is concluded that this vaccine induces immunity against monophasic and biphasic STM strains. Furthermore, the results of antibody profiles in response to vaccination and infection provide additional evidence for humoral immune mechanisms triggered during Salmonella infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Theuß
- IDT Biologika GmbH, Business Unit Animal Health, Research and Development, Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Elke Ueberham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindner
- IDT Biologika GmbH, Business Unit Animal Health, Research and Development, Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Sven Springer
- IDT Biologika GmbH, Business Unit Animal Health, Research and Development, Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
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11
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Alborali GL, Ruggeri J, Pesciaroli M, Martinelli N, Chirullo B, Ammendola S, Battistoni A, Ossiprandi MC, Corradi A, Pasquali P. Prime-boost vaccination with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC and inactivated Salmonella Choleraesuis is protective against Salmonella Choleraesuis challenge infection in piglets. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:284. [PMID: 28893256 PMCID: PMC5594465 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) infection causes a systemic disease in pigs. Vaccination could represent a solution to reduce prevalence in farms. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC) against S. Choleraesuis infection. The vaccination protocol combined priming with attenuated S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC vaccine and boost with an inactivated S. Choleraesuis vaccine and we compared the protection conferred to that induced by an inactivated S. Choleraesuis vaccine. Methods The first group of piglets was orally vaccinated with S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC and boosted with inactivated S. Choleraesuis, the second one was intramuscularly vaccinated with S. Choleraesuis inactivated vaccine and the third group of piglets was unvaccinated. All groups of animals were challenged with a virulent S. Choleraesuis strain at day 35 post vaccination. Results The results showed that the vaccination protocol, priming with S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC and boosted with inactivated S. Choleraesuis, applied to group A was able to limit weight loss, fever and organs colonization, arising from infection with virulent S. Choleraesuis, more effectively, than the prime-boost vaccination with homologous S. Choleraesuis inactivated vaccine (group B). Conclusion In conclusion, these research findings extend the validity of attenuated S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC strain as a useful mucosal vaccine against S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis pig infection. The development of combined vaccination protocols can have a diffuse administration in field conditions because animals are generally infected with different concomitant serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna], 25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Jessica Ruggeri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna], 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Pesciaroli
- FAO Reference Center for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.,UCM-UPM, Campus Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna], 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- FAO Reference Center for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battistoni
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- FAO Reference Center for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Guo R, Jiao Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Fei X, Geng S, Pan Z, Chen X, Li Q, Jiao X. Safety, Protective Immunity, and DIVA Capability of a Rough Mutant Salmonella Pullorum Vaccine Candidate in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:547. [PMID: 28424675 PMCID: PMC5380749 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (Salmonella Pullorum) is highly adapted to chickens causing an acute systemic disease that results in high mortality. Vaccination represents one approach for promoting animal health, food safety and reducing environmental persistence in Salmonella control. An important consideration is that Salmonella vaccination in poultry should not interfere with the salmonellosis monitoring program. This is the basis of the DIVA (Differentiation of Infected and Vaccinated Animals) program. In order to achieve this goal, waaL mutant was developed on a spiC mutant that was developed previously. The safety, efficacy, and DIVA features of this vaccine candidate (Salmonella Pullorum ΔspiCΔwaaL) were evaluated in broilers. Our results show that the truncated LPS in the vaccine strain has a differentiating use as both a bacteriological marker (rough phenotype) and also as a serological marker facilitating the differentiation between infected and vaccinated chickens. The rough mutant showed adequate safety being avirulent in the host chicks and showed increased sensitivity to environmental stresses. Single intramuscular immunization of day-old broiler chicks with the mutant confers ideal protection against lethal wild type challenge by significantly stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses as well as reducing the colonization of the challenge strain. Significantly lower mean pathology scores were observed in the vaccination group compared to the control group. Additionally, the mutant strain generated cross-protection against challenge with the wild type Salmonella Gallinarum thereby improving survival and with the wild type Salmonella Enteritidis thereby reducing colonization. These results suggest that the double-mutant strain may be a safe, effective, and cross-protective vaccine against Salmonella infection in chicks while conforming to the requirements of the DIVA program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
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13
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de la Cruz ML, Conrado I, Nault A, Perez A, Dominguez L, Alvarez J. Vaccination as a control strategy against Salmonella infection in pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:86-94. [PMID: 28340428 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consumption or handling of improperly processed or cooked pork is considered one of the top sources for foodborne salmonellosis, a common cause of intestinal disease worldwide. Asymptomatic carrier pigs may contaminate pork at slaughtering; therefore, pre-harvest reduction of Salmonella load can contribute to reduce public health risk. Multiple studies have evaluated the impact of vaccination on controlling Salmonella in swine farms, but results are highly variable due to the heterogeneity in vaccines and vaccination protocols. Here, we report the results of an inclusive systematic review and a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed scientific literature to provide updated knowledge on the potential effectiveness of Salmonella vaccination. A total of 126 articles describing the use of Salmonella vaccines in swine were identified, of which 44 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies (36/44) used live vaccines, and S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis were the predominant serotypes evaluated. Vaccine efficacy was most often measured through bacteriological isolation, and pooled estimates of vaccine efficacy were obtained as the difference in the percentage of positive animals when available. Attenuated and inactivated vaccines had similar efficacy [Risk Difference=-26.8% (-33.8, -19.71) and -29.5% (-44.4, -14.5), respectively]. No serotype effect was observed on the efficacy recorded for attenuated vaccines; however, a higher efficacy of inactivated vaccines against S. Choleraesuis was observed, though in a reduced sample. Results from the meta-analysis here demonstrate the impact that vaccination may have on the control of Salmonella in swine farms and could help in the design of programs to minimize the risk of transmission of certain serotypes through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L de la Cruz
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Avenida de Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040Madrid, Spain
| | - I Conrado
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - A Nault
- Veterinary Medical Library, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - A Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - L Dominguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Avenida de Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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14
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Gebauer J, Kudlackova H, Kosina M, Kovarcik K, Tesarik R, Osvaldova A, Faldyna M, Matiasovic J. A proteomic approach to the development of DIVA ELISA distinguishing pigs infected with Salmonella Typhimurium and pigs vaccinated with a Salmonella Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:252. [PMID: 27835998 PMCID: PMC5106837 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most common enteropathogenic bacteria found in pigs in Europe. In our previous work, we demonstrated the protective effects in suckling piglets when their dams had been vaccinated with an S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine. This study is focused on a procedure leading to serological discrimination between vaccinated and infected pigs. As we supposed, distinct environment during natural infection and in bacterial cultures used for vaccine preparation led to a slightly different spectrum of expressed S. Typhimurium proteins. The examination of porcine antibodies produced after the experimental infection with S. Typhimurium or after vaccination with S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine by affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed differences in antibody response applicable for serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. RESULTS Antibodies against Salmonella SipB, SipD and SseB proteins were detected at much higher levels in post-infection sera in comparison with control and post-vaccination sera. On the other hand, proteins BamB, OppA and a fragment of FliC interacted with antibodies from post-vaccination sera with a much higher intensity than from control and post-infection sera. In addition, we constructed ELISA assays using post-infection antigen - SipB protein and post-vaccination antigen - FliC-fragment and evaluated them on a panel of individual porcine sera. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of antibody response of infected and vaccinated pigs by proteomic tools enabled to identify S. Typhimurium antigens useful for distinguishing infected from vaccinated animals. This approach can be utilized in other challenges where DIVA vaccine and a subsequent serological assay are required, especially when genetic modification of a vaccine strain is not desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gebauer
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Kudlackova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Kosina
- Bioveta a. s., Komenskeho212/12, 683 23, Ivanovice na Hane, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kovarcik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Tesarik
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Osvaldova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Mutreja R, Jariyal M, Pathania P, Sharma A, Sahoo D, Suri CR. Novel surface antigen based impedimetric immunosensor for detection of Salmonella typhimurium in water and juice samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:707-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Latasa C, Echeverz M, García B, Gil C, García-Ona E, Burgui S, Casares N, Hervás-Stubbs S, Lasarte JJ, Lasa I, Solano C. Evaluation of a Salmonella Strain Lacking the Secondary Messenger C-di-GMP and RpoS as a Live Oral Vaccine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161216. [PMID: 27537839 PMCID: PMC4990191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic diseases transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, with chicken and pig related products being key reservoirs of infection. Although numerous studies on animal vaccination have been performed in order to reduce Salmonella prevalence, there is still a need for an ideal vaccine. Here, with the aim of constructing a novel live attenuated Salmonella vaccine candidate, we firstly analyzed the impact of the absence of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in Salmonella virulence. C-di-GMP is an intracellular second messenger that controls a wide range of bacterial processes, including biofilm formation and synthesis of virulence factors, and also modulates the host innate immune response. Our results showed that a Salmonella multiple mutant in the twelve genes encoding diguanylate cyclase proteins that, as a consequence, cannot synthesize c-di-GMP, presents a moderate attenuation in a systemic murine infection model. An additional mutation of the rpoS gene resulted in a synergic attenuating effect that led to a highly attenuated strain, referred to as ΔXIII, immunogenic enough to protect mice against a lethal oral challenge of a S. Typhimurium virulent strain. ΔXIII immunogenicity relied on activation of both antibody and cell mediated immune responses characterized by the production of opsonizing antibodies and the induction of significant levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17 and IL-10. ΔXIII was unable to form a biofilm and did not survive under desiccation conditions, indicating that it could be easily eliminated from the environment. Moreover, ΔXIII shows DIVA features that allow differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals. Altogether, these results show ΔXIII as a safe and effective live DIVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Latasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Recombina S. L. Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maite Echeverz
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña García
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Ona
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Burgui
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (CS); (IL)
| | - Cristina Solano
- Laboratory of Microbial Biofilms, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Idab), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (CS); (IL)
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18
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Mapping B-cell responses to Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis in chickens for the discrimination of infected from vaccinated animals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31186. [PMID: 27510219 PMCID: PMC4980624 DOI: 10.1038/srep31186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological surveillance and vaccination are important strategies for controlling infectious diseases of food production animals. However, the compatibility of these strategies is limited by a lack of assays capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA tests) for established killed or attenuated vaccines. Here, we used next generation phage-display (NGPD) and a 2-proportion Z score analysis to identify peptides that were preferentially bound by IgY from chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium or S. Enteritidis compared to IgY from vaccinates, for both an attenuated and an inactivated commercial vaccine. Peptides that were highly enriched against IgY from at least 4 out of 10 infected chickens were selected: 18 and 12 peptides for the killed and attenuated vaccines, respectively. The ten most discriminatory peptides for each vaccine were identified in an ELISA using a training set of IgY samples. These peptides were then used in multi-peptide assays that, when analysing a wider set of samples from infected and vaccinated animals, diagnosed infection with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The data describes a method for the development of DIVA assays for conventional attenuated and killed vaccines.
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19
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Engineering of a live Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis negative-marker strain that allows serological differentiation between immunised and infected animals. Vet J 2016; 213:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Kuhn P, Fühner V, Unkauf T, Moreira GMSG, Frenzel A, Miethe S, Hust M. Recombinant antibodies for diagnostics and therapy against pathogens and toxins generated by phage display. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:922-948. [PMID: 27198131 PMCID: PMC7168043 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are valuable molecules for the diagnostic and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and toxins. Traditionally, these antibodies are generated by hybridoma technology. An alternative to hybridoma technology is the use of antibody phage display to generate recombinant antibodies. This in vitro technology circumvents the limitations of the immune system and allows—in theory—the generation of antibodies against all conceivable molecules. Phage display technology enables obtaining human antibodies from naïve antibody gene libraries when either patients are not available or immunization is not ethically feasible. On the other hand, if patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is common to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity‐matured antibodies. Because the phage packaged DNA sequence encoding the antibodies is directly available, the antibodies can be smoothly engineered according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic pathogens as well as toxins for diagnostics and therapy is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kuhn
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Unkauf
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - André Frenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany.
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21
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Mapping polyclonal antibody responses to bacterial infection using next generation phage display. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24232. [PMID: 27072017 PMCID: PMC4829855 DOI: 10.1038/srep24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping polyclonal antibody responses to infectious diseases to identify individual epitopes has the potential to underpin the development of novel serological assays and vaccines. Here, phage-peptide library panning coupled with screening using next generation sequencing was used to map antibody responses to bacterial infections. In the first instance, pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated. IgG samples from twelve infected pigs were probed in parallel and phage binding compared to that with equivalent IgG from pre-infected animals. Seventy-seven peptide mimotopes were enriched specifically against sera from multiple infected animals. Twenty-seven of these peptides were tested in ELISA and twenty-two were highly discriminatory for sera taken from pigs post-infection (P < 0.05) indicating that these peptides are mimicking epitopes from the bacteria. In order to further test this methodology, it was applied to differentiate antibody responses in poultry to infections with distinct serovars of Salmonella enterica. Twenty-seven peptides were identified as being enriched specifically against IgY from multiple animals infected with S. Enteritidis compared to those infected with S. Hadar. Nine of fifteen peptides tested in ELISA were highly discriminatory for IgY following S. Enteritidis infection (p < 0.05) compared to infections with S. Hadar or S. Typhimurium.
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22
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Use of an attenuated live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine on three breeding pig units: A longitudinal observational field study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 46:7-15. [PMID: 27260804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of a licensed live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine, administered to sows and gilts on three commercial pig units experiencing clinical salmonellosis associated with S. Typhimurium or its monophasic variant. After vaccination, clinical salmonellosis resolved and shedding of S. Typhimurium declined markedly and persistently on all breeding or breeding-finishing units, during the one- to two-year monitoring period. On two finishing units supplied in part by one of the vaccinated herds, pigs from the vaccinated herd were less likely to shed Salmonella than those from non-vaccinating herds, and Salmonella counts in faeces were also lower from the vaccine-linked animals. Non-Typhimurium Salmonella serovars were isolated typically in fewer than 10% of samples, and showed no clear temporal changes in frequency. Vaccination of dams alone with S. Typhimurium was associated with reduced shedding of closely-related serovars among all age groups in this commercial setting.
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23
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Wales AD, Davies RH. Salmonella Vaccination in Pigs: A Review. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:1-13. [PMID: 26853216 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The control of Salmonella enterica in pig production is necessary for both public and animal health. The persistent and frequently asymptomatic nature of porcine Salmonella infection and the organism's abilities to colonize other animal species and to survive in the environment mean that effective control generally requires multiple measures. Vaccination is one such measure, and the present review considers its role and its future, drawing on studies in pigs from the 1950s to the present day. Once established in the body as an intracellular infectious agent, Salmonella can evade humoral immunity, which goes some way to explaining the often disappointing performance of inactivated Salmonella vaccines. More recent approaches, using mucosal presentation of antigens, live vaccines and adjuvants to enhance cell-mediated immunity, have met with more success. Vaccination strategies that involve stimulating both passive immunity from the dam plus active immunity in offspring appear to be most efficacious, although either approach alone can yield significant control of Salmonella. Problems that remain include relatively poor control of Salmonella serovars that are dissimilar to the vaccine antigen mix, and difficulties in measuring and predicting the performance of candidate vaccines in ways that are highly relevant to their likely use in commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Wales
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R H Davies
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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24
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Ipinza F, Collao B, Monsalva D, Bustamante VH, Luraschi R, Alegría-Arcos M, Almonacid DE, Aguayo D, Calderón IL, Gil F, Santiviago CA, Morales EH, Calva E, Saavedra CP. Participation of the Salmonella OmpD porin in the infection of RAW264.7 macrophages and BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111062. [PMID: 25360745 PMCID: PMC4215857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is the etiological agent of gastroenteritis in humans and enteric fever in mice. Inside these hosts, Salmonella must overcome hostile conditions to develop a successful infection, a process in which the levels of porins may be critical. Herein, the role of the Salmonella Typhimurium porin OmpD in the infection process was assessed for adherence, invasion and proliferation in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and in BALB/c mice. In cultured macrophages, a ΔompD strain exhibited increased invasion and proliferation phenotypes as compared to its parental strain. In contrast, overexpression of ompD caused a reduction in bacterial proliferation but did not affect adherence or invasion. In the murine model, the ΔompD strain showed increased ability to survive and replicate in target organs of infection. The ompD transcript levels showed a down-regulation when Salmonella resided within cultured macrophages and when it colonized target organs in infected mice. Additionally, cultured macrophages infected with the ΔompD strain produced lower levels of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that down-regulation of ompD could favor replication of Salmonella inside macrophages and the subsequent systemic dissemination, by limiting the reactive oxygen species response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ipinza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Collao
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Debbie Monsalva
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor H. Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Roberto Luraschi
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Alegría-Arcos
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel E. Almonacid
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Aguayo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gil
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A. Santiviago
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo H. Morales
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Edmundo Calva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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25
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Bearson BL, Bearson SMD, Kich JD, Lee IS. An rfaH Mutant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium is Attenuated in Swine and Reduces Intestinal Colonization, Fecal Shedding, and Disease Severity Due to Virulent Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Vet Sci 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 26664915 PMCID: PMC4668857 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine are often asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp., and interventions are needed to limit colonization of swine to enhance food safety and reduce environmental contamination. We evaluated the attenuation and potential vaccine use in pigs of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant of rfaH, the gene encoding the RfaH antiterminator that prevents premature termination of long mRNA transcripts. Pigs inoculated with wild-type S. Typhimurium exhibited a significant elevation in average body temperature (fever) at 1 and 2 days post-inoculation; rfaH-inoculated pigs did not (n = 5/group). During the 7-day trial, a significant reduction of Salmonella in the feces, tonsils, and cecum were observed in the rfaH-inoculated pigs compared to wild-type inoculated pigs. To determine whether vaccination with the rfaH mutant could provide protection against wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge, two groups of pigs (n = 14/group) were intranasally inoculated with either the rfaH mutant or a PBS placebo at 6 and 8 weeks of age and challenged with the parental, wild-type S. Typhimurium at 11 weeks of age. The average body temperature was significantly elevated in the mock-vaccinated pigs at 1 and 2 days post-challenge, but not in the rfaH-vaccinated pigs. Fecal shedding at 2 and 3 days post-challenge and colonization of intestinal tract tissues at 7 days post-challenge by wild-type S. Typhimurium was significantly reduced in the rfaH-vaccinated pigs compared to mock-vaccinated pigs. Serological analysis using the IDEXX HerdChek Swine Salmonella Test Kit indicated that vaccination with the rfaH mutant did not stimulate an immune response against LPS. These results indicate that vaccination of swine with the attenuated rfaH mutant confers protection against challenge with virulent S. Typhimurium but does not interfere with herd level monitoring for Salmonella spp., thereby allowing for differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Bearson
- USDA, ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment , Ames, IA , USA
| | | | - Jalusa D Kich
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry , Concórdia, Santa Catarina , Brazil
| | - In Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University , Daejeon , South Korea
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26
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De Ridder L, Maes D, Dewulf J, Butaye P, Pasmans F, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Van der Stede Y. Use of a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine on farrow-to-finish pig farms. Vet J 2014; 202:303-8. [PMID: 25278382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infection in pigs is economically important and poses a zoonotic risk. In this study, the efficacy of an attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was evaluated in three farrow-to-finish pig herds. In each herd, 120 piglets were vaccinated orally at 3 and 24 days of age, while 120 piglets served as unvaccinated controls. Faeces, ileocaecal lymph nodes and caecal contents were examined for S. Typhimurium by isolation and serum was analysed for antibodies against S. Typhimurium by ELISA. All pigs were weighed at pre-weaning and slaughter to determine daily weight gain. In vaccinated pigs prior to slaughter, significantly fewer animals excreted S. enterica, there was a significantly lower S. enterica-specific mean antibody titre and there was a significantly higher mean daily weight gain compared to unvaccinated controls. In two herds, there were significantly lower proportions of S. enterica positive ileocaecal lymph nodes and caecal contents at slaughter between the vaccinated and control groups, but this difference was not significant across all three herds. S. enterica with the same auxotrophic characteristics and genotype as the vaccine strain was isolated from several samples of faeces, ileocaecal lymph nodes and caecal contents from vaccinated pigs. These findings indicate that vaccination with an attenuated S. Typhimurium strain reduces S. enterica shedding, but the reduction is not consistent and the vaccine strain may persist in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Ridder
- Unit of Co-ordination Veterinary Diagnose-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - D Maes
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - J Dewulf
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Butaye
- Unit of Co-ordination Veterinary Diagnose-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Y Van der Stede
- Unit of Co-ordination Veterinary Diagnose-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium; Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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27
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Ruggeri J, Pesciaroli M, Gaetarelli B, Scaglione FE, Pregel P, Ammendola S, Battistoni A, Bollo E, Alborali GL, Pasquali P. Parenteral administration of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC is protective against salmonellosis in piglets. Vaccine 2014; 32:4032-8. [PMID: 24907486 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major cause of salmonellosis in humans is the contamination of pork products. Infection in pigs can be controlled using bio-security programs, but they are not sufficient in countries where a high level of infection is recorded. In this context, the use of vaccines can represent a valid supplementary method of control. Recently, we have demonstrated that an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC) is protective against systemic and enteric salmonellosis in mouse and pig infection models, candidating this strain as an oral attenuated vaccine. In this study, we compared the efficacy of this attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain when administered orally or parenterally. Furthermore, in order to reproduce a pseudo-natural infection model, vaccinated pigs were allocated in the same pen with animals shedding virulent Salmonella Typhimurium. Animals were monitored weekly after vaccination and contact with infected piglets. Diarrhea and ataxia were recorded and Salmonella shedding was tested individually through bacterial culture. After four weeks of cohousing, piglets were euthanized, after which lymph nodes reactivity and gross lesions of the gut sections were scored at necropsy. Organs were submitted to microbiological and histological analyses. The data reported herein show that parenterally vaccinated animals do not shed the attenuated strain, and at the same time the absence of symptoms and decrease in virulent strain shedding in feces from day 6 after challenge demonstrated protection against infection induced by virulent Salmonella Typhimurium. In conclusion, our findings suggest that this is an alternative route of Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC administration, without ignoring the advantages associated with oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ruggeri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Pesciaroli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; FAO Reference Center for Veterinary Public Health, Italy; VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Gaetarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - F E Scaglione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - P Pregel
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - S Ammendola
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A Battistoni
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - E Bollo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - G L Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - P Pasquali
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; FAO Reference Center for Veterinary Public Health, Italy.
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De Ridder L, Maes D, Dewulf J, Pasmans F, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Méroc E, Roels S, Leyman B, Butaye P, Van der Stede Y. Effect of a DIVA vaccine with and without in-feed use of coated calcium-butyrate on transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:243. [PMID: 24304918 PMCID: PMC4235050 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For satisfactory Salmonella control, good biosecurity along the pork production chain is crucial, although additional control measures on-farm need to be considered. This study evaluated the effect of two potential control measures against the spread of Salmonella Typhimurium via a transmission experiment with 56 piglets (3-15 weeks of age): two groups were orally vaccinated with 107 - 108 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/2 mL of a new attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine 'Salmoporc-∆rfaJ' with DIVA capacities (Differentiation between Infected and Vaccinated Animals) (n = 2x16); the feed of one group was additionally supplemented with coated calcium-butyrate salt. Two weeks post vaccination, four pigs per group were orally challenged with 107 CFU/2 mL of a Salmonella Typhimurium strain 112910a. Both groups were compared with a positive (challenged/untreated; n = 16) and negative (unchallenged/untreated; n = 8) control group. Until six weeks post challenge, blood, individual faecal and finally tissue samples were examined. Adjusted transmission ratios 'Ra' were estimated, based on the challenge strain isolation from faecal and/or tissue samples. RESULTS In both intervention groups, Ra values were lower compared to the positive control group, although these differences were not significant. In the combination group DIVA vaccine + coated butyrate, less non-challenged contact animals excreted Salmonella and less tissue samples were found Salmonella-positive in all pigs, when compared to the positive control group (P < 0.01). Seroconversion was detected in none of the vaccinated animals before challenge, when using a commercial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ELISA targeting only Salmonella O-antigens, deleted in this vaccine. This was in contrast with an in-house whole-cell ELISA testing for various Salmonella antigens, in which Salmonella-specific antibodies were found pre-challenge in the serum of the vaccinated pigs. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions showed a limited, non-significant reduction of Salmonella transmission between piglets. They may have applications towards Salmonella control and surveillance. Firstly, the number of Salmonella excreting contact pigs was significantly lower in the group where vaccination was combined with coated calcium-butyrate salt in the feed; secondly, the new vaccine confirmed its DIVA capacity. Therefore, these interventions merit further research with larger sample sizes, to optimize their use for Salmonella programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte De Ridder
- Unit of Co-ordination in Veterinary Diagnostics-Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium.
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29
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Wisener LV, Sargeant JM, O'Connor AM, Faires MC, Glass-Kaastra SK. The Evidentiary Value of Challenge Trials for Three Pre-harvest Food Safety Topics: A Systematic Assessment. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:449-76. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. V. Wisener
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - J. M. Sargeant
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Population Medicine; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - A. M. O'Connor
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA Canada
| | - M. C. Faires
- Population Medicine; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
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30
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Foss DL, Agin TS, Bade D, Dearwester DA, Jolie R, Keich RL, Lohse RM, Reed M, Rosey EL, Schneider PA, Taylor LP, Willy MS. Protective immunity to Salmonella enterica is partially serogroup specific. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 155:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Evaluation of protection conferred by a Salmonella Typhimurium inactivated vaccine in Salmonella-infected finishing pig farms. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:489-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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De Ridder L, Maes D, Dewulf J, Pasmans F, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Méroc E, Butaye P, Van der Stede Y. Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs. Vet J 2013; 197:613-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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33
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Berriman ADC, Clancy D, Clough HE, Armstrong D, Christley RM. Effectiveness of simulated interventions in reducing the estimated prevalence of Salmonella in UK pig herds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66054. [PMID: 23840399 PMCID: PMC3695987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp are a major foodborne zoonotic cause of human illness. Consumption of pork products is believed to be a major source of human salmonellosis and Salmonella control throughout the food-chain is recommended. A number of on-farm interventions have been proposed, and some have been implemented in order to try to achieve Salmonella control. In this study we utilize previously developed models describing Salmonella dynamics to investigate the potential effects of a range of these on-farm interventions. As the models indicated that the number of bacteria shed in the faeces of an infectious animal was a key factor, interventions applied within a high-shedding scenario were also analysed. From simulation of the model, the probability of infection after Salmonella exposure was found to be a key driver of Salmonella transmission. The model also highlighted that minimising physiological stress can have a large effect but only when shedding levels are not excessive. When shedding was high, weekly cleaning and disinfection was not effective in Salmonella control. However it is possible that cleaning may have an effect if conducted more often. Furthermore, separating infectious animals, shedding bacteria at a high rate, from the rest of the population was found to be able to minimise the spread of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. C. Berriman
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Clancy
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Clough
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert M. Christley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Matulova M, Havlickova H, Sisak F, Rychlik I. Vaccination of chickens with SPI1-lon and SPI1-lon-fliC mutant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66172. [PMID: 23785484 PMCID: PMC3681909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is gradually decreasing in poultry flocks in the EU, which may result in the demand for a vaccine that allows for the differentiation of vaccinated flocks from those infected by wild-type S. Enteritidis. In this study, we therefore constructed a (Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1) SPI1-lon mutant with or without fliC encoding for S. Enteritidis flagellin. The combination of SPI1-lon mutations resulted in attenuated but immunogenic mutant suitable for oral vaccination of poultry. In addition, the vaccination of chickens with the SPI1-lon-fliC mutant enabled the serological differentiation of vaccinated and infected chickens. The absence of fliC therefore did not affect the immunogenicity of the vaccine strain and allowed for serological differentiation of the vaccinated chickens. The SPI1-lon-fliC mutant is therefore a suitable marker vaccine strain for oral vaccination of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Pesciaroli M, Gradassi M, Martinelli N, Ruggeri J, Pistoia C, Raffatellu M, Magistrali CF, Battistoni A, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Vaccine 2013; 31:2868-73. [PMID: 23623860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat contamination by Salmonella spp. is emerging as a major cause of human enteric infections in industrialized countries. The attempts to reduce human cases of salmonellosis encompass pre- and post-harvest interventions. In this context, vaccination of pigs may represent an effective instrument in eliminating/reducing Salmonella burden through the food chain. We have previously demonstrated that Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the ZnuABC transporter (S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC) is a promising candidate live vaccine in different mouse models of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. In this study, we confirmed in pigs the attenuation of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC. Moreover, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC administered to pigs by the oral route. We monitored clinical conditions of animals and we conducted a microbiological culture and a quantification of the humoral and cellular immune response, respectively, on fecal and blood samples of pigs. After vaccination with attenuated S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC, pigs showed a modest degree of hyperthermia. In addition, fecal shedding of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could not be detected 28 days after the inoculum. Furthermore, vaccination with S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC elicited a distinct production of anti-Salmonella antibodies and IFN-γ. Taken together, these results suggest that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Although the vaccine dosages do not guarantee complete safety there is ample margin to set up better conditions of use, suggesting that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could be a promising attenuated strain to be used as live mucosal vaccine for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pesciaroli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Nandre R, Matsuda K, Lee JH. Efficacy for a New Live AttenuatedSalmonellaEnteritidis Vaccine Candidate to Reduce Internal Egg Contamination. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:55-63. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nandre
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
| | - K. Matsuda
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
| | - J. H. Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Korea
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De Busser EV, De Zutter L, Dewulf J, Houf K, Maes D. Salmonella control in live pigs and at slaughter. Vet J 2013; 196:20-7. [PMID: 23414643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As European Union legislation sets reduction targets to lower the incidence of human salmonellosis, Member States are obliged to take effective measures to control Salmonella infection and contamination along the pig production chain. This review considers the most important control measures in the primary phase of pig production as well as during transport, lairage and along the slaughter line. Pig feed should be free of Salmonella, and contamination after feed processing must be prevented. Cleaning and disinfection procedures should be improved, although this can be complicated by the development of biofilms and the interaction between Salmonella and protozoa. Further research is required on the acid tolerance response of Salmonella strains regarding the use of organic acids in feed and/or drinking water. Vaccination of sows and piglets can be helpful but can interfere with current serosurveillance as no differentiation can yet be made between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. Fasting, transport and lairage conditions should be critically evaluated and improved. Slaughterhouses must avoid contamination and cross-contamination during all stages of the slaughter process. Scalding by steam and implementing a second singeing step after polishing are beneficial. Attention should be paid to the cleaning and disinfection procedures along the slaughter line. Carcass decontamination is a promising approach, but needs to be considered as a tool to add to good hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V De Busser
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Collao B, Morales EH, Gil F, Calderón IL, Saavedra CP. ompW is cooperatively upregulated by MarA and SoxS in response to menadione. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:715-725. [PMID: 23393149 PMCID: PMC3709825 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.066050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OmpW is a minor porin whose biological function has not been clearly defined. Evidence obtained in our laboratory indicates that in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium the expression of OmpW is activated by SoxS upon exposure to paraquat and it is required for resistance. SoxS belongs to the AraC family of transcriptional regulators, like MarA and Rob. Due to their high structural similarity, the genes under their control have been grouped in the mar/sox/rob regulon, which presents a DNA-binding consensus sequence denominated the marsox box. In this work, we evaluated the role of the transcription factors MarA, SoxS and Rob of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in regulating ompW expression in response to menadione. We determined the transcript and protein levels of OmpW in different genetic backgrounds; in the wild-type and Δrob strains ompW was upregulated in response to menadione, while in the ΔmarA and ΔsoxS strains the induction was abolished. In a double marA soxS mutant, ompW transcript levels were lowered after exposure to menadione, and only complementation in trans with both genes restored the positive regulation. Using transcriptional fusions and electrophoretic mobility shift assays with mutant versions of the promoter region we demonstrated that two of the predicted sites were functional. Additionally, we demonstrated that MarA increases the affinity of SoxS for the ompW promoter region. In conclusion, our study shows that ompW is upregulated in response to menadione in a cooperative manner by MarA and SoxS through a direct interaction with the promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Collao
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - E H Morales
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Gil
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - I L Calderón
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - C P Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Tackling the issue of environmental survival of live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines: Deletion of the lon gene. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Meyer T, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Miethe S, Stratmann-Selke J, Gerlach GF, Strutzberg-Minder K, Dübel S, Hust M. Identification of immunogenic proteins and generation of antibodies against Salmonella Typhimurium using phage display. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:29. [PMID: 22703709 PMCID: PMC3423037 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solely in Europoe, Salmonella Typhimurium causes more than 100,000 infections per year. Improved detection of livestock colonised with S. Typhimurium is necessary to prevent foodborne diseases. Currently, commercially available ELISA assays are based on a mixture of O-antigens (LPS) or total cell lysate of Salmonella and are hampered by cross-reaction. The identification of novel immunogenic proteins would be useful to develop ELISA based diagnostic assays with a higher specificity. RESULTS A phage display library of the entire Salmonella Typhimurium genome was constructed and 47 immunogenic oligopeptides were identified using a pool of convalescent sera from pigs infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. The corresponding complete genes of seven of the identified oligopeptids were cloned. Five of them were produced in E. coli. The immunogenic character of these antigens was validated with sera from pigs infeced with S. Tyhimurium and control sera from non-infected animals. Finally, human antibody fragments (scFv) against these five antigens were selected using antibody phage display and characterised. CONCLUSION In this work, we identified novel immunogenic proteins of Salmonella Typhimurium and generated antibody fragments against these antigens completely based on phage display. Five immunogenic proteins were validated using a panel of positive and negative sera for prospective applications in diagnostics of Salmonela Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Meyer
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr.7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr.7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André Frenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr.7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr.7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Janin Stratmann-Selke
- IVD GmbH Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany
- Present address: vaxxinova GmbH diagnostics, Johann-Krane-Weg 42, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr.7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr.7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Leyman B, Boyen F, Verbrugghe E, Parys AV, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F. Vaccination of pigs reduces Salmonella Typhimurium numbers in a model mimicking pre-slaughter stress. Vet J 2012; 194:250-2. [PMID: 22609152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In pigs, infection with Salmonella Typhimurium often results in the development of carriers that re-excrete the organism during periods of stress. Previous studies have shown that cortisol plays a significant role in the recrudescence of Salmonella Typhimurium and that re-excretion can be induced by injections of dexamethasone. This study evaluated whether a commercially available Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine was able to reduce Salmonella excretion in a model mimicking pre-slaughter stress. Pigs were randomly assigned to either vaccination or a control group and, 5 weeks later, were infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Twenty-three days post infection, pigs were injected with dexamethasone to induce recrudescence and Salmonella Typhimurium numbers were determined. Salmonella loads were significantly lower in the ileum and colon and in the contents of the ileum and caecum in vaccinated pigs than in non-vaccinated pigs. In addition, significantly more Salmonella positive tonsil and colon samples were found in non-vaccinated pigs. Vaccination with an attenuated vaccine reduced but did not eliminate Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs in conditions mimicking pre-slaughter stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje Leyman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Sánchez-Vargas FM, Abu-El-Haija MA, Gómez-Duarte OG. Salmonella infections: an update on epidemiology, management, and prevention. Travel Med Infect Dis 2011; 9:263-77. [PMID: 22118951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella species are a group of Gram-negative enterobacteria and known human pathogens in developing as well as industrialized countries. Despite significant advances in sanitation, provision of potable water, and highly controlled food chain surveillance, transmission of Salmonella spp. continues to affect communities, preferentially children, worldwide. This review summarizes updated concepts on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, starting with a historical perspective that implicates typhoid Salmonella as a significant human pathogen since ancient times. We describe the epidemiology of this pathogen with emphasis on the most recent non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in industrialized countries and continued outbreaks of typhoid Salmonella in underserved countries. An overview of clinical aspects of typhoid and non-typhoid infections in developing and industrialized countries, respectively, is provided, followed by a description on current treatment concepts and challenges treating multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections. We conclude with prevention recommendations, and recent research studies on vaccine prevention.
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Leyman B, Boyen F, Van Parys A, Verbrugghe E, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F. Salmonella Typhimurium LPS mutations for use in vaccines allowing differentiation of infected and vaccinated pigs. Vaccine 2011; 29:3679-85. [PMID: 21419163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated pork is a major source of human salmonellosis and the serovar most frequently isolated from pigs is Salmonella Typhimurium. Vaccination could contribute greatly to controlling Salmonella infections in pigs. However, pigs vaccinated with the current vaccines cannot be discriminated from infected pigs with the LPS-based serological tests used in European Salmonella serosurveillance programmes. We therefore examined which LPS encoding genes of Salmonella Typhimurium can be deleted to allow differentiation of infected and vaccinated pigs (DIVA), without affecting the vaccine strain's protective capacity. For this purpose, deletion mutants in Salmonella strain 112910a, used as vaccine strain, were constructed in the LPS encoding genes: ΔrfbA, ΔrfaL, ΔrfaJ, ΔrfaI, ΔrfaG and ΔrfaF. Primary inoculation of BALB/c mice with the parent strain, ΔrfaL, ΔrfbA or ΔrfaJ strain but not the ΔrfaG, ΔrfaF or ΔrfaI strain protected significantly against subsequent infection with the virulent Salmonella Typhimurium strain NCTC12023. Immunization of piglets with the ΔrfaJ or ΔrfaL mutants resulted in the induction of a serological response lacking detectable antibodies against LPS. This allowed a clear differentiation between sera from pigs immunized with the ΔrfaJ or ΔrfaL strains and sera from pigs infected with their isogenic wild type strain. In conclusion, applying deletions in the rfaJ or the rfaL gene in Salmonella Typhimurium strain 112910a allows differentiation of infected and vaccinated pigs in an LPS based ELISA without reducing the strain's protective capacities in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje Leyman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Meyer T, Stratmann-Selke J, Meens J, Schirrmann T, Gerlach GF, Frank R, Dübel S, Strutzberg-Minder K, Hust M. Isolation of scFv fragments specific to OmpD of Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet Microbiol 2010; 147:162-9. [PMID: 20708859 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pork meat is one of the major sources for human infections with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars. Further, zoonoses caused by S. enterica subspecies enterica serovars are responsible for substantial economical losses in industrial countries. Quick and reliable detection of this infection is urgently needed to improve consumer security. Due to its capability to identify infections independent of the species, a competitive ELISA is the preferable method for the detection of anti-Salmonella antibodies in serum. Recombinant antibody fragments (scFvs) were isolated from the naive human antibody gene library HAL7 by phage display. Recombinant produced outer membrane protein D (OmpD) of Salmonella Typhimurium was used as antigen. The characterization of the isolated single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblot, sequencing, epitope mapping and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The detection of anti-OmpD IgGs in swine sera by competitive ELISA was shown in a proof of principle concept. Furthermore, the developed competitive ELISA would be compatible to a recently published DIVA vaccine, allow to distinguish between infected and vaccinated pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Meyer
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Rao S, Kong WP, Wei CJ, Yang ZY, Nason M, Styles D, DeTolla LJ, Sorrell EM, Song H, Wan H, Ramirez-Nieto GC, Perez D, Nabel GJ. Multivalent HA DNA vaccination protects against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza infection in chickens and mice. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2432. [PMID: 19293944 PMCID: PMC2657001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in avian species increase the risk of reassortment and adaptation to humans. The ability to contain its spread in chickens would reduce this threat and help maintain the capacity for egg-based vaccine production. While vaccines offer the potential to control avian disease, a major concern of current vaccines is their potency and inability to protect against evolving avian influenza viruses. METHODOLOGY / PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The ability of DNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from different HPAI H5N1 serotypes was evaluated for its ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies and to protect against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5N1 strain challenge in mice and chickens after DNA immunization by needle and syringe or with a pressure injection device. These vaccines elicited antibodies that neutralized multiple strains of HPAI H5N1 when given in combinations containing up to 10 HAs. The response was dose-dependent, and breadth was determined by the choice of the influenza virus HA in the vaccine. Monovalent and trivalent HA vaccines were tested first in mice and conferred protection against lethal H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 challenge 68 weeks after vaccination. In chickens, protection was observed against heterologous strains of HPAI H5N1 after vaccination with a trivalent H5 serotype DNA vaccine with doses as low as 5 microg DNA given twice either by intramuscular needle injection or with a needle-free device. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE DNA vaccines offer a generic approach to influenza virus immunization applicable to multiple animal species. In addition, the ability to substitute plasmids encoding different strains enables rapid adaptation of the vaccine to newly evolving field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chih-Jen Wei
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martha Nason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darrel Styles
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis J. DeTolla
- Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Sorrell
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Haichen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongquan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gloria C. Ramirez-Nieto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Perez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes D, Van Immerseel F, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs: a closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis and control. Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:1-19. [PMID: 18243591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated pork is an important source of Salmonella infections in humans. The increasing multiple antimicrobial resistance associated with pork-related serotypes such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Derby may become a serious human health hazard in the near future. Governments try to anticipate the issue of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pork by starting monitoring programmes and coordinating control measures worldwide. A thorough knowledge of how these serotypes interact with the porcine host should form the basis for the development and optimisation of these monitoring and control programmes. During recent years, many researchers have focussed on different aspects of the pathogenesis of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs. The present manuscript reviews the importance of pigs and pork as a source for salmonellosis in humans and discusses commonly accepted and recent insights in the pathogenesis of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs, with emphasis on Salmonella Typhimurium, and to relate this knowledge to possible control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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