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Dawood AS, Elrashedy A, Nayel M, Salama A, Guo A, Zhao G, Algharib SA, Zaghawa A, Zubair M, Elsify A, Mousa W, Luo W. Brucellae as resilient intracellular pathogens: epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction, recent genomics and proteomics approaches, and future perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1255239. [PMID: 37876633 PMCID: PMC10591102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is considered one of the most hazardous zoonotic diseases all over the world. It causes formidable economic losses in developed and developing countries. Despite the significant attempts to get rid of Brucella pathogens in many parts of the world, the disease continues to spread widely. Recently, many attempts proved to be effective for the prevention and control of highly contagious bovine brucellosis, which could be followed by others to achieve a prosperous future without rampant Brucella pathogens. In this study, the updated view for worldwide Brucella distribution, possible predisposing factors for emerging Brucella pathogens, immune response and different types of Brucella vaccines, genomics and proteomics approaches incorporated recently in the field of brucellosis, and future perspectives for prevention and control of bovine brucellosis have been discussed comprehensively. So, the current study will be used as a guide for researchers in planning their future work, which will pave the way for a new world without these highly contagious pathogens that have been infecting and threatening the health of humans and terrestrial animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sobhy Dawood
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elrashedy
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nayel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Akram Salama
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaghawa
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Muhammed Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed Elsify
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Walid Mousa
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Wanhe Luo
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
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Sarmadi M, Gheibi A, Khanahmad H, Khorramizadeh MR, Hejazi SH, Zahedi N, Mianesaz H, Kashfi K. Design and Characterization of a Recombinant Brucella abortus RB51 Vaccine That Elicits Enhanced T Cell-Mediated Immune Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030388. [PMID: 35335018 PMCID: PMC8950781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus vaccines help control bovine brucellosis. The RB51 strain is a live attenuated vaccine with low side effects compared with other live attenuated brucellosis vaccines, but it provides insufficient protective efficacy. Cell-mediated immune responses are critical in resistance against intracellular bacterial infections. Therefore, we hypothesized that the listeriolysin O (LLO) expression of Listeria monocytogenes, BAX, and SMAC apoptotic proteins in strain RB51 could enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. B. abortus RB51 was transformed separately with two broad-host-range plasmids (pbbr1ori-LLO and pBlu–mLLO-BAX-SMAC) constructed from our recent work. pbbr1ori-LLO contains LLO, and pBlu–mLLO-BAX-SMAC contains the mutant LLO and BAX-SMAC fusion gene. The murine macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 was infected with the RB51 recombinant strain containing pBlu-mLLO-BAX-SMAC, RB51 recombinant strain containing LLO, and RB51 strain. The bacterial cytotoxicity and survival and apoptosis of host cells contaminated with our two strain types—RB51 recombinants or the parental RB51—were assessed. Strain RB51 expressing mLLO and BAX-SMAC was tested in BALB/c mice and a cell line for enhanced modulation of IFN-γ production. LDH analysis showed that the RB51-mLLO-BAX-SMAC and RB51-LLO strains expressed higher cytotoxicity in J774A.1 cells than RB51. In addition, RB51 recombinants had lower macrophage survival rates and caused higher levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Mice vaccinated with the RB51 recombinant containing mLLO-BAX-SMAC showed an enhanced Th1 immune response. This enhanced immune response is primarily due to bacterial endosome escape and bacterial antigens, leading to improved apoptosis and cross-priming. This potentially enhanced TCD8+- and T cell-mediated immunity leads to the increased safety and potency of the RB51 recombinant (RB51 mLLO-BAX-SMAC) as a vaccine candidate against B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sarmadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Azam Gheibi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14177-55469, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14177-55469, Iran;
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14117-13139, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Noushin Zahedi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Hamidreza Mianesaz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; (M.S.); (N.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.K.); (K.K.)
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Roop RM, Barton IS, Hopersberger D, Martin DW. Uncovering the Hidden Credentials of Brucella Virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00021-19. [PMID: 33568459 PMCID: PMC8549849 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00021-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Brucella are important human and veterinary pathogens. The abortion and infertility they cause in food animals produce economic hardships in areas where the disease has not been controlled, and human brucellosis is one of the world's most common zoonoses. Brucella strains have also been isolated from wildlife, but we know much less about the pathobiology and epidemiology of these infections than we do about brucellosis in domestic animals. The brucellae maintain predominantly an intracellular lifestyle in their mammalian hosts, and their ability to subvert the host immune response and survive and replicate in macrophages and placental trophoblasts underlies their success as pathogens. We are just beginning to understand how these bacteria evolved from a progenitor alphaproteobacterium with an environmental niche and diverged to become highly host-adapted and host-specific pathogens. Two important virulence determinants played critical roles in this evolution: (i) a type IV secretion system that secretes effector molecules into the host cell cytoplasm that direct the intracellular trafficking of the brucellae and modulate host immune responses and (ii) a lipopolysaccharide moiety which poorly stimulates host inflammatory responses. This review highlights what we presently know about how these and other virulence determinants contribute to Brucella pathogenesis. Gaining a better understanding of how the brucellae produce disease will provide us with information that can be used to design better strategies for preventing brucellosis in animals and for preventing and treating this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martin Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian S Barton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dariel Hopersberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Durán D, Albareda M, García C, Marina AI, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Palacios JM. Proteome Analysis Reveals a Significant Host-Specific Response in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Endosymbiotic Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100009. [PMID: 33214187 PMCID: PMC7950203 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is a beneficial interaction in which the bacterium converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and delivers it to the plant in exchange for carbon compounds. This symbiosis implies the adaptation of bacteria to live inside host plant cells. In this work, we apply RP-LC-MS/MS and isobaric tags as relative and absolute quantitation techniques to study the proteomic profile of endosymbiotic cells (bacteroids) induced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae strain UPM791 in legume nodules. Nitrogenase subunits, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, and stress-response proteins are among the most abundant from over 1000 rhizobial proteins identified in pea (Pisum sativum) bacteroids. Comparative analysis of bacteroids induced in pea and in lentil (Lens culinaris) nodules revealed the existence of a significant host-specific differential response affecting dozens of bacterial proteins, including stress-related proteins, transcriptional regulators, and proteins involved in the carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. A mutant affected in one of these proteins, homologous to a GntR-like transcriptional regulator, showed a symbiotic performance significantly impaired in symbiosis with pea but not with lentil plants. Analysis of the proteomes of bacteroids isolated from both hosts also revealed the presence of different sets of plant-derived nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides, indicating that the endosymbiotic bacteria find a host-specific cocktail of chemical stressors inside the nodule. By studying variations of the bacterial response to different plant cell environments, we will be able to identify specific limitations imposed by the host that might give us clues for the improvement of rhizobial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Durán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.) UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Albareda
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.) UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Marina
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.) UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Palacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.) UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Pasquevich KA, Carabajal MV, Guaimas FF, Bruno L, Roset MS, Coria LM, Rey Serrantes DA, Comerci DJ, Cassataro J. Omp19 Enables Brucella abortus to Evade the Antimicrobial Activity From Host's Proteolytic Defense System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1436. [PMID: 31297115 PMCID: PMC6607954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms confront several proteolytic events in the molecular interplay with their host, highlighting that proteolysis and its regulation play an important role during infection. Microbial inhibitors, along with their target endogenous/exogenous enzymes, may directly affect the host's defense mechanisms and promote infection. Omp19 is a Brucella spp. conserved lipoprotein anchored by the lipid portion in the Brucella outer membrane. Previous work demonstrated that purified unlipidated Omp19 (U-Omp19) has protease inhibitor activity against gastrointestinal and lysosomal proteases. In this work, we found that a Brucella omp19 deletion mutant is highly attenuated in mice when infecting by the oral route. This attenuation can be explained by bacterial increased susceptibility to host proteases met by the bacteria during establishment of infection. Omp19 deletion mutant has a cell division defect when exposed to pancreatic proteases that is linked to cell-cycle arrest in G1-phase, Omp25 degradation on the cell envelope and CtrA accumulation. Moreover, Omp19 deletion mutant is more susceptible to killing by macrophage derived microsomes than wt strain. Preincubation with gastrointestinal proteases led to an increased susceptibility of Omp19 deletion mutant to macrophage intracellular killing. Thus, in this work, we describe for the first time a physiological function of B. abortus Omp19. This activity enables Brucella to better thrive in the harsh gastrointestinal tract, where protection from proteolytic degradation can be a matter of life or death, and afterwards invade the host and bypass intracellular proteases to establish the chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pasquevich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela V Carabajal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco F Guaimas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Bruno
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara S Roset
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena M Coria
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Rey Serrantes
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Comerci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gheibi A, Khanahmad H, Kashfi K, Sarmadi M, Khorramizadeh MR. Development of new generation of vaccines for Brucella abortus. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01079. [PMID: 30603712 PMCID: PMC6307385 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative facultative and intracellular bacteria, it causes bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease that is responsible for considerable economic loss to owners of domesticated animals and can cause problems in otherwise healthy humans. There are a few available live attenuated vaccines for animal immunization against brucellosis; however, these have significant side effects and offer insufficient protective efficacy. Thus, the need for more research into the Molecular pathobiology and immunological properties of B. abortus that would lead to the development of better and safer vaccines. In this paper we have reviewed the main aspects of the pathology and the responsive immunological mechanisms, we have also covered current and new prospective vaccines against B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Gheibi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mahdieh Sarmadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alves-Silva J, Tavares IP, Guimarães ES, Costa Franco MM, Figueiredo BC, Marques JT, Splitter G, Oliveira SC. Modulation of Microtubule Dynamics Affects Brucella abortus Intracellular Survival, Pathogen-Containing Vacuole Maturation, and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production in Infected Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2217. [PMID: 29184543 PMCID: PMC5694624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton regulates several cellular processes related to the immune system. For instance, an intricate intracellular transport mediated by MTs is responsible for the proper localization of vesicular receptors of innate immunity and its adaptor proteins. In the present study, we used nocodazole to induce MTs depolymerization and paclitaxel or recombinant (r) TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain containing protein (TcpB) to induce MT stabilization in bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with Brucella abortus. Following treatment of the cells, we evaluated their effects on pathogen intracellular replication and survival, and in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. First, we observed that intracellular trafficking and maturation of Brucella-containing vesicles (BCVs) is affected by partial destabilization or stabilization of the MTs network. A typical marker of early BCVs, LAMP-1, is retained in late BCVs even 24 h after infection in the presence of low doses of nocodazole or paclitaxel and in the presence of different amounts of rTcpB. Second, microscopy and colony forming unit analysis revealed that bacterial load was increased in infected macrophages treated with lower doses of nocodazole or paclitaxel and with rTcpB compared to untreated cells. Third, innate immune responses were also affected by disturbing MT dynamics. MT depolymerization by nocodazole reduced IL-12 production in infected macrophages. Conversely, rTcpB-treated cells augmented IL-12 and IL-1β secretion in infected cells. In summary, these findings demonstrate that modulation of MTs affects several crucial steps of B. abortus pathogenesis, including BCV maturation, intracellular survival and IL-12 secretion in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela P Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika S Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Miriam M Costa Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbara C Figueiredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João T Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gary Splitter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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8
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Carvalho TF, Haddad JPA, Paixão TA, Santos RL. Meta-Analysis and Advancement of Brucellosis Vaccinology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166582. [PMID: 27846274 PMCID: PMC5112997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives In spite of all the research effort for developing new vaccines against brucellosis, it remains unclear whether these new vaccine technologies will in fact become widely used. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to identify parameters that influence vaccine efficacy as well as a descriptive analysis on how the field of Brucella vaccinology is advancing concerning type of vaccine, improvement of protection on animal models over time, and factors that may affect protection in the mouse model. Methods A total of 117 publications that met the criteria were selected for inclusion in this study, with a total of 782 individual experiments analyzed. Results Attenuated (n = 221), inactivated (n = 66) and mutant (n = 102) vaccines provided median protection index above 2, whereas subunit (n = 287), DNA (n = 68), and vectored (n = 38) vaccines provided protection indexes lower than 2. When all categories of experimental vaccines are analyzed together, the trend line clearly demonstrates that there was no improvement of the protection indexes over the past 30 years, with a low negative and non significant linear coefficient. A meta-regression model was developed including all vaccine categories (attenuated, DNA, inactivated, mutant, subunit, and vectored) considering the protection index as a dependent variable and the other parameters (mouse strain, route of vaccination, number of vaccinations, use of adjuvant, challenge Brucella species) as independent variables. Some of these variables influenced the expected protection index of experimental vaccines against Brucella spp. in the mouse model. Conclusion In spite of the large number of publication over the past 30 years, our results indicate that there is not clear trend to improve the protective potential of these experimental vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F. Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo A. Haddad
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A. Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato L. Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Di Russo Case E, Smith JA, Ficht TA, Samuel JE, de Figueiredo P. Space: A Final Frontier for Vacuolar Pathogens. Traffic 2016; 17:461-74. [PMID: 26842840 PMCID: PMC6048968 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a fundamental gap in our understanding of how a eukaryotic cell apportions the limited space within its cell membrane. Upon infection, a cell competes with intracellular pathogens for control of this same precious resource. The struggle between pathogen and host provides us with an opportunity to uncover the mechanisms regulating subcellular space by understanding how pathogens modulate vesicular traffic and membrane fusion events to create a specialized compartment for replication. By comparing several important intracellular pathogens, we review the molecular mechanisms and trafficking pathways that drive two space allocation strategies, the formation of tight and spacious pathogen-containing vacuoles. Additionally, we discuss the potential advantages of each pathogenic lifestyle, the broader implications these lifestyles might have for cellular biology and outline exciting opportunities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Di Russo Case
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Judith A. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas A. Ficht
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James E. Samuel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Paul de Figueiredo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Norman Borlaug Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Sidhu-Muñoz RS, Sancho P, Vizcaíno N. Brucella ovis PA mutants for outer membrane proteins Omp10, Omp19, SP41, and BepC are not altered in their virulence and outer membrane properties. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:59-66. [PMID: 27016758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutants in several genes have been obtained on the genetic background of virulent rough (lacking O-polysaccharide) Brucella ovis PA. The target genes encode outer membrane proteins previously associated with the virulence of smooth (bearing O-polysaccharide chains in the lipopolysaccharide) Brucella strains. Multiple attempts to delete omp16, coding for a homologue to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins, were unsuccessful, which suggests that Omp16 is probably essential for in vitro survival of B. ovis PA. Single deletion of omp10 or omp19-that encode two other outer membrane lipoproteins--was achieved, but the simultaneous removal of both genes failed, suggesting an essential complementary function between both proteins. Two other deletion mutants, defective in the Tol-C-homologue BepC or in the SP41 adhesin, were also obtained. Surprisingly when compared to previous results obtained with smooth Brucella, none of the B. ovis mutants showed attenuation in the virulence, either in the mouse model or in cellular models of professional and non-professional phagocytes. Additionally, and in contrast to the observations reported with smooth Brucella strains, several properties related to the outer membrane remained almost unaltered. These results evidence new distinctive traits between naturally rough B. ovis and smooth brucellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca S Sidhu-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sancho
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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