1
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Zhou Q, Wu C, Zhou P, Zhang J, Xiong Z, Zhou Y, Yu F. Characterization of Hypervirulent and Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae Isolated from Neurological Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:403-411. [PMID: 36718464 PMCID: PMC9883998 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s392947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with neurological disorders were easier to develop severe intracranial infections caused by hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, leading to a distressing clinical outcome. In this study, eight hv-CRKP were isolated from neurological patients, to clarify the resistant and virulent features. Methods We tested the susceptibility of common antibiotics in these isolates to feature the antibiotic-resistant phenotypes. We also detected the key virulence factors, including mucoviscosity, siderophores production, biofilm formation in vitro, and further evaluated the virulence potential with serum killing model. We also used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results We observed that ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP (6/8) has an overwhelming epidemic dominance in these hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Though the acquirement of virulence plasmid made no influence to the maintain of multidrug-resistant phenotype of these isolates, only the ST11-KL64 strains fully exhibited the hypervirulent features. Compared with ST11-KL47 and ST15-KL24 strains, ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP were more advantages in productions of capsule polysaccharide, biofilm, and siderophores. The virulence potential of ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP was further confirmed by using serum killing model. Previous studies have demonstrated that IncFII plasmid could act as a helper plasmid to mobile the non-conjugative IncFIB/IncHIB virulence plasmids. We could only observe the co-existence of IncFII resistance plasmid and IncFIB/IncHIB virulence plasmids in ST11-KL64 isolates. The co-existence of such two plasmids facilitated the formation of ST11-KL64 hv-CPKP, which then become nosocomial epidemic under the antibiotic stress. Conclusion Overall, we observed the ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP dominated in the isolates from neurological patients, and required most clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ying Zhou, Email
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Liu S, Ding Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Zeng Z, Liu J. An outbreak of extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Southwest China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:979219. [PMID: 36176583 PMCID: PMC9513609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.979219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDR-hvKp) is a new problem for patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and can become an even more severe threat if resistant to tigecycline, considered one of the ‘last lines of defense’ drugs. This study collected seven non-replicated tigecycline-resistant XDR-hvKp from seven patients and performed genome analysis and epidemiological investigation using whole genome equencing (WGS) and other methods. All strains in this study were identified as ST11-KL64 and showed high resistance to antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and tigecycline, and one strain was also resistant to colistin. All strains were determined to be hvKp by the results of serum resistance assay and Galleria mellonella infection models. All strains had resistance genes blaCTX-M-65,blaKPC-2,blaLAP-2,blaTEM-1B, rmtB, and qnrS1 and virulence factors such as rmpA, rmpA2, and aerobactin (iucABCD, iutA). The expression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump was upregulated in all strains, and the expression levels of the gene pmrK was significantly upregulated in colistin-resistant strain DP compared to colistin-sensitive strain WT in this study. In conclusion, we described an outbreak caused by tigecycline-resistant XDR-hvKp in the ICU of a teaching hospital in southwest China. The spread of these superbugs poses a great threat to patients and therefore requires us to closely monitor these XDR-hvKp and develop relevant strategies to combat them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinbo Liu
- *Correspondence: Jinbo Liu, ; Zhangrui Zeng,
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3
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Balaska A, Polonyfi K, Rigatou A, Miliotis G, Margaroni M, Daikos GL, Drogari-Apiranthitou M. Induction of innate immune responses by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of the pandemic sequence type 258-clade I. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000275. [PMID: 35018322 PMCID: PMC8742589 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae
-carbapenemase-producing
K. pneumoniae
(KPC) sequence-type 258 (ST258) has emerged as an important human pathogen throughout the world. Although lacking known virulence factors, it is associated with significant morbidity and high mortality rates. The pathogenicity of KPC
K. pneumoniae
ST258 strains has not been fully elucidated yet. We sought to investigate the interactions of the KPC
K. pneumoniae
ST258-clade I with different components of innate immunity. Human serum was used to evaluate the serum bactericidal activity and the J774A.1 murine (BALB/c mice) macrophage cell-line was used to examine phagocytosis, mRNA expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. L-78, a KPC-producing
K. pneumoniae
ST258-clade I strain was used as representative of the strains circulating in Greek hospitals.
K. pneumoniae
ATCC 43816, a virulent K2 strain, was used for comparison. Strain L-78 was susceptible to human serum and rapidly phagocytosed by J774A.1 cells, in contrast to the virulent K2 strain, which was serum-resistant and slowly phagocytosed. Stimulation of the J774A.1 cells with the L-78 strain induced production of IL-1β at concentration levels significantly higher compared to K2, whereas production of TNF-α and IL-6 levels were comparable by the two strains. L-78 was able to induce IL-1β mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA expression. Our findings indicate that
K. pneumoniae
ST258-clade I is serum sensitive, rapidly phagocytosed and is capable of eliciting adequate innate immune response in terms of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Balaska
- Hellenic National Public Health Organization (EODY), Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Polonyfi
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Rigatou
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maritsa Margaroni
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - George L. Daikos
- First Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Drogari-Apiranthitou
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General University Hospital “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
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4
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Liu CW, Wang P, Cao GN, Zou QH. Complete genome sequence and virulence characterization of a neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli isolate. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105199. [PMID: 34560248 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease in newborns, and neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli (NMEC) is the second most frequent bacteria causing this disease worldwide. In order to further understand the characteristics of this pathogen, an E. coli isolate W224 N from newborns with meningitis was sequenced for detailed genetic characterization and the virulence was tested by a series of phenotypic experiments. W224 N has a circular chromosome and three plasmids. It belongs to ST95 and the serotype is O18:H7. Comparative genomic analysis showed that W224 N was closely related to E. coli neonatal meningitis isolates RS218 and NMEC O18. There are 11 genomic islands in W224 N and most of the GIs are specific to W224 N. W224 N has most of the virulence factors other neonatal meningitis isolates have. The virulence genes located both on the genome and plasmid. At the same time, we found a virulence factor cdiA only present in W224 N but absent in the other five genomes analyzed. In vitro experiment showed that W224 N has strong serum resistance ability, low biofilm formation ability and high flagellar motility. It also has a very strong toxicity to mice and amoeba. The whole genome as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that W224 N is a high virulent strain. The results can help us better learn about the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Wei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang-Na Cao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Zou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Khalifa SM, Abd El-Aziz AM, Hassan R, Abdelmegeed ES. β-lactam resistance associated with β-lactamase production and porin alteration in clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251594. [PMID: 34014957 PMCID: PMC8136739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lactam resistance represents a worldwide problem and a serious challenge for antimicrobial treatment. Hence this research was conducted to recognize several mechanisms mediating β-lactam resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae clinical isolates collected from Mansoura University hospitals, Egypt. A total of 80 isolates, 45 E. coli and 35 K. pneumoniae isolates, were collected and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the Disc diffusion method followed by phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamase, carbapenemase enzymes. The outer membrane protein porins of all isolates were analyzed and their genes were examined using gene amplification and sequencing. Also, the resistance to complement-mediated serum killing was estimated. A significant percentage of isolates (93.8%) were multidrug resistance and showed an elevated resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of either ESBL or AmpC enzymes was high among isolates (83.75%). Also, 60% of the isolated strains were carbapenemase producers. The most frequently detected gene of ESBL among all tested isolates was blaCTX-M-15 (86.3%) followed by blaTEM-1 (81.3%) and blaSHV-1 (35%) while the Amp-C gene was present in 83.75%. For carbapenemase-producing isolates, blaNDM1 was the most common (60%) followed by blaVIM-1 (35%) and blaOXA-48 (13.8%). Besides, 73.3% and 40% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates respectively were serum resistant. Outer membrane protein analysis showed that 93.3% of E. coli and 95.7% of K. pneumoniae isolates lost their porins or showed modified porins. Furthermore, sequence analysis of tested porin genes in some isolates revealed the presence of frameshift mutations that produced truncated proteins of smaller size. β-lactam resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates in our hospitals is due to a combination of β-lactamase activity and porin loss/alteration. Hence more restrictions should be applied on β-lactams usage to decrease the emergence of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abeer M. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Ramadan Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Abdelmegeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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6
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Rodríguez-Medina N, Martínez-Romero E, De la Cruz MA, Ares MA, Valdovinos-Torres H, Silva-Sánchez J, Lozano-Aguirre L, Martínez-Barnetche J, Andrade V, Garza-Ramos U. A Klebsiella variicola Plasmid Confers Hypermucoviscosity-Like Phenotype and Alters Capsule Production and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:579612. [PMID: 33391198 PMCID: PMC7772424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermucoviscosity (hmv) is a capsule-associated phenotype usually linked with hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The key components of this phenotype are the RmpADC proteins contained in non-transmissible plasmids identified and studied in K. pneumoniae. Klebsiella variicola is closely related to K. pneumoniae and recently has been identified as an emergent human pathogen. K. variicola normally contains plasmids, some of them carrying antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Previously, we described a K. variicola clinical isolate showing an hmv-like phenotype that harbors a 343-kb pKV8917 plasmid. Here, we investigated whether pKV8917 plasmid carried by K. variicola 8917 is linked with the hmv-like phenotype and its contribution to virulence. We found that curing the 343-kb pKV8917 plasmid caused the loss of hmv, a reduction in capsular polysaccharide (P < 0.001) and virulence. In addition, pKV8917 was successfully transferred to Escherichia coli and K. variicola strains via conjugation. Notably, when pKV8917 was transferred to K. variicola, the transconjugants displayed an hmv-like phenotype, and capsule production and virulence increased; these phenotypes were not observed in the E. coli transconjugants. These data suggest that the pKV8917 plasmid carries novel hmv and capsule determinants. Whole-plasmid sequencing and analysis revealed that pKV8917 does not contain rmpADC/rmpA2 genes; thus, an alternative mechanism was searched. The 343-kb plasmid contains an IncFIB backbone and shares a region of ∼150 kb with a 99% identity and 49% coverage with a virulence plasmid from hypervirulent K. variicola and multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. The pKV8917-unique region harbors a cellulose biosynthesis cluster (bcs), fructose- and sucrose-specific (fru/scr) phosphotransferase systems, and the transcriptional regulators araC and iclR, respectively, involved in membrane permeability. The hmv-like phenotype has been identified more frequently, and recent evidence supports the existence of rmpADC/rmpA2-independent hmv-like pathways in this bacterial genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rodríguez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Angel De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Silva-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano-Aguirre
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Laboratorio de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Veronica Andrade
- Hospital Regional Centenario de la Revolución Mexicana, ISSSTE, Emiliano Zapata, Mexico
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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7
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Virulence Potential of a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Belonging to the Emerging Clonal Group ST101-B1 Isolated from Bloodstream Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060827. [PMID: 32486334 PMCID: PMC7355805 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and T-zone lymphoma that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, previous studies showed that it did not have the usual characteristics of an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Instead, it belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and harbored few known virulence genes. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of strain EC121, an extensive genome sequencing and in vitro characterization of various pathogenicity-associated properties were performed. The genomic analysis showed that strain EC121 harbors more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters. It also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of epithelial cell lineages and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, EC121 was shown to be virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Furthermore, EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2. Completing the scenario, it belongs to serotype O154:H25 and to sequence type 101-B1, which has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections as well as to antimicrobial resistance spread. This study with E. coli strain EC121 shows that clinical isolates considered opportunistic might be true pathogens that go underestimated.
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8
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Jensen TS, Opstrup KV, Christiansen G, Rasmussen PV, Thomsen ME, Justesen DL, Schønheyder HC, Lausen M, Birkelund S. Complement mediated Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule changes. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:19-30. [PMID: 31473336 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which can cause life-threatening infections such as sepsis. Worldwide, emerging multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae infections are challenging to treat, hence leading to increased mortality. Therefore, understanding the interactions between K. pneumoniae and the immune system is important to develop new treatment options. We characterized ten clinical K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from blood of bacteremia patients. The interaction of the isolates with human serum was investigated to elucidate how K. pneumoniae escapes the host immune system, and how complement activation by K. pneumoniae changed the capsule structure. All K. pneumoniae isolates activated the alternative complement pathway despite serum resistance of seven isolates. One serum sensitive isolate activated two or all three pathways, and this isolate was lysed and had numerous membrane attack complexes in the outer membrane. However, we also found deposition of complement components in the capsule of serum resistant isolates resulting in morphological capsule changes and capsule shedding. These bacteria did not lyse, and no membrane attack complex was observed despite deposition of C5b-9 within the capsule, indicating that the capsule of serum resistant K. pneumoniae isolates is a defense mechanism against complement-mediated lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine S Jensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Katharina V Opstrup
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelms Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille V Rasmussen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel E Thomsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel L Justesen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik C Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 10, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Lausen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Svend Birkelund
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3b, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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9
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Effect of O antigen ligase gene mutation on oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity of NMEC strain RS218. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103656. [PMID: 31400443 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the primary causes of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns. E. coli RS218, a prototype strain of neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), is often used in research on the pathogenesis of NMEC. Phagocytes are crucial sentinels of immunity, and their antibacterial ability is largely determined by the capability to produce large amounts of ROS. The capacity of bacteria to endure oxidative pressure affects their colonization in the host. Here, we systematically screened the genes that plays key roles in the tolerance of the model of E. coli RS218 to peroxygen environment using a Tn5 mutant library. As a result, a gene encoding O antigen polymerase (O antigen ligase) that contains the Wzy_C superfamily domain (herein designated as Ocw) was identified in E. coli RS218. Furthermore, we constructed an isogenic deletion mutant of ocw gene and its complementary strain in E. coli. Our results revealed that ocw affects the lipopolysaccharide synthesis, ROS tolerance, and survival of E. coli in the host environment. The discovery of ocw provides important clues for better understanding the function of O-antigen.
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10
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Catalán-Nájera JC, Barrios-Camacho H, Duran-Bedolla J, Sagal-Prado A, Hernández-Castro R, García-Méndez J, Morfín-OteroMorfín-Otero R, Velázquez-Larios MDR, Ortíz-Navarrete V, Gutierrez-Xicotencatl L, Alpuche-Aranda C, Silva-Sánchez J, Garza-Ramos U. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity determination of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates serotype K2 in Mexico. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:316-319. [PMID: 30857917 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae have been rarely described in Latin America. This work describes the characterization of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolates capsular serotype K2 belonging to sequence types 86 and 380. The assays showed the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae highly virulent, which is determined by the plasmid borne virulence genes. At this time, the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae clinical isolates in Mexico are extensively susceptible to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Catalán-Nájera
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Humberto Barrios-Camacho
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Josefina Duran-Bedolla
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alan Sagal-Prado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge García-Méndez
- Departamento de Posgrado y Educación Médica Continua, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rayo Morfín-OteroMorfín-Otero
- Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Vianney Ortíz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes Gutierrez-Xicotencatl
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Celia Alpuche-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Silva-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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11
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Desroches M, Clermont O, Lafeuillade B, Rodriguez C, Darty M, Royer G, Bouvet O, Ounnoughene N, Noizat-Pirenne F, Denamur E, Decousser JW. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli involved in transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections: implications for preventive strategies. Transfusion 2019; 58:1940-1950. [PMID: 30198609 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) are the main residual infectious complications of transfusions. Escherichia coli and platelet (PLT) concentrates may be epidemiologically associated, leading to severe, if not lethal, TTBIs. We investigated the genotypic and phenotypic reasons for this clinically deleterious combination. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated a French national E. coli strain collection related to six independent episodes of TTBIs. Their phenotypic characterizations included antibiotic susceptibility testing, growth testing under different culture conditions, serum survival assays, and virulence in a sepsis mouse model. Their genotypic characterizations included polymerase chain reaction phylotyping, whole genome sequencing, and a subsequent in silico analysis. RESULTS We highlighted a selection process of highly extraintestinal virulent strains, mainly belonging to the B2 phylogroup, adapted to the hostile environment (high citrate concentration and a bactericidal serum effect) of apheresis-collected platelet concentrates (PCs). Compared to controls, the E. coli TTBI strains grew faster in the PCs due to a superior ability to capture iron. The in vitro growth performances were highly compatible with blood-derived product real-life conditions, including storage conditions and delays. The consistent serum resistance of TTBI strains promotes their survival in both the donor's and the receiver's blood and in the PCs. CONCLUSION This study pointed out that E. coli strains responsible for TTBI exhibit very specific traits. They belong to the extraintestinal pathogenic phylogroups and have a high intrinsic virulence. They can be resistant to complement, capture iron, and grow in the apheresis-collected PCs. These findings therefore support the reinforcement of the postdonation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Desroches
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Paris Diderot University, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Department of Bacteriology and Infection Control, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Paris Diderot University, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lafeuillade
- Rhône-Alpes French Blood Establishment-Grenoble Site, La Tronche, France
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Mélanie Darty
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Guilhem Royer
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Paris Diderot University, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Department of Bacteriology and Infection Control, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Odile Bouvet
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Paris Diderot University, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Erick Denamur
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Paris Diderot University, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Winoc Decousser
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Paris Diderot University, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Department of Bacteriology and Infection Control, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
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12
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Vaish R, Pradeep M, Setty CR, Kandi V. Evaluation of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Extraintestinal Infections. Cureus 2016; 8:e604. [PMID: 27330872 PMCID: PMC4905704 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identification of virulence determinants among the clinically isolated microorganisms assumes greater significance in the patient management perspective. Among the hospitalized patients, extremes of age groups (neonatal and geriatric age patients), patients who are debilitated due to other associated medical conditions, patients taking immunosuppressive therapy, and patients undergoing major surgeries are prone to infections with previously nonpathogenic or opportunistic pathogens. Screening of the pathogenic potential of such bacteria and identifying their virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns could be instrumental in better patient care and management. Materials & methods In this study, we evaluated the virulence determinants and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 100 clinical isolates of E. coli collected from extraintestinal infections and 50 control strains of E. coli. Hemolysin production, serum resistance, cell surface hydrophobicity, and gelatinase production were tested using standard laboratory procedures. Results Results showed that E. colistrains have a variable pattern of virulence markers that included hemolysin production (9%), cell surface hydrophobicity (9%), serum resistance (93%), and gelatinase production (2%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a higher rate of resistance against cephalothin (84%) and ampicillin (98%). Susceptibility to amikacin (80%) and co-trimoxazole (47%) was variable and none of the test strains revealed resistance to imipenem. The control strains in contrast exhibited fewer virulence factors and the least resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion In conclusion, the study results revealed that E. coli isolated from extraintestinal infections had demonstrated greater virulence and higher resistance to antibiotics as compared to the E. coli strains isolated from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Vaish
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Mss Pradeep
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation
| | - C R Setty
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation
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13
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Crémet L, Broquet A, Jacqueline C, Chaillou C, Asehnoune K, Corvec S, Caroff N. Innate immune evasion of Escherichia coli clinical strains from orthopedic implant infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:993-9. [PMID: 27039343 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the first causes of Gram-negative orthopedic implant infections (OII). Those infections, usually hematogenous, mostly originate from the urinary tract. We investigated the strategies developed by E. coli in this context to evade host innate immune responses, i.e. complement and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Twenty strains from OII were compared with 20 strains from bacteremia in patients with non-infected orthopedic implant. In both groups, 6/20 (30 %) strains lysed PMNs, due to the production of the pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin (HlyA). For the others, resistance to phagocytic killing by PMN was not significantly different between both groups. In contrast, resistance to complement-mediated serum killing was significantly higher in OII strains than in the others (65 % vs 10 %; P <0.001). In E. coli, different mechanisms have been involved in complement resistance. Here, serum resistance was not linked to a group 2 capsule, or a loss of outer membrane permeability, or the recruitment of the complement inhibitor C4bp, but was significantly associated with the synthesis of long-chain LPS, regardless of the O-antigen. Thus, serum resistance could promote seeding of peri-implant tissues by helping E. coli to either persist in blood and reach the site of infection or overcome localized complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Crémet
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - A Broquet
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - C Jacqueline
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - C Chaillou
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - K Asehnoune
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - S Corvec
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - N Caroff
- UFR de Médecine, EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, 1 rue G. Veil, 44000, Nantes, France.
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14
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Almajed FS, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter sakazakii clinical isolates overcome host barriers and evade the immune response. Microb Pathog 2015; 90:55-63. [PMID: 26616163 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is the most frequently clinically isolated species of the Cronobacter genus. However the virulence factors of C. sakazakii including their ability to overcome host barriers remains poorly studied. In this study, ten clinical isolates of C. sakazakii were assessed for their ability to invade and translocate through human colonic carcinoma epithelial cells (Caco-2) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Their ability to avoid phagocytosis in human macrophages U937 and human brain microglial cells was investigated. Additionally, they were tested for serum sensitivity and the presence of the Cronobacter plasminogen activation gene (cpa) gene, which is reported to confer serum resistance. Our data showed that the clinical C. sakazakii strains invaded and translocated through Caco-2 and HBMEC cell lines and some strains showed significantly higher levels of invasion and translocation. Moreover, C. sakazakii was able to persist and even multiply in phagocytic macrophage and microglial cells. All strains, except one, were able to withstand human serum exposure, the single serum sensitive strain was also the only one which did not encode for the cpa gene. These results demonstrate that C. sakazakii clinical isolates are able to overcome host barriers and evade the host immune response indicating their capacity to cause diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and meningitis. Our data showed for the first time the ability of C. sakazakii clinical isolates to survive and multiply within human microglial cells. Additionally, it was shown that C. sakazakii clinical strains have the capacity to translocate through the Caco-2 and HBMEC cell lines paracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal S Almajed
- Pathogen Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG 11 8NS, UK; College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen J Forsythe
- Pathogen Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG 11 8NS, UK.
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15
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Cha MK, Kang CI, Kim SH, Cho SY, Ha YE, Wi YM, Chung DR, Peck KR, Song JH. Comparison of the microbiological characteristics and virulence factors of ST131 and non-ST131 clones among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing bacteremia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:102-4. [PMID: 26632660 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the molecular epidemiology and microbiological characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) isolates that cause bacteremia in Korean hospitals, focusing especially on ST131. Our data suggest that ST131 isolates possessed more virulence traits and showed more multidrug resistance patterns than non-ST131 isolates. Among CTX-M-15 producers, the frequency of serum resistance was significantly higher in ST131 than in non-ST131. As in other parts of the world, the ESBL-EC ST131 clone has emerged and disseminated in both community and hospital settings in Korea, including in blood isolates in patients with bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyeong Cha
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Ha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Yu Mi Wi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Song
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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16
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Lüthje P, Brauner A. Virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli and their interaction with the host. Adv Microb Physiol 2014; 65:337-72. [PMID: 25476769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) belong to the most common infectious diseases worldwide. The most frequently isolated pathogen from uncomplicated UTIs is Escherichia coli. To establish infection in the urinary tract, E. coli has to overcome several defence strategies of the host, including the urine flow, exfoliation of urothelial cells, endogenous antimicrobial factors and invading neutrophils. Thus, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) harbour a number of virulence and fitness factors enabling the bacterium to resist and overcome these different defence mechanisms. There is no particular factor which allows the identification of UPEC among the commensal faecal flora apart from the ability to enter the urinary tract and cause an infection. Many of potential virulence or fitness factors occur moreover with high redundancy. Fimbriae are inevitable for adherence to and invasion into the host cells; the type 1 pilus is an established virulence factor in UPEC and indispensable for successful infection of the urinary tract. Flagella and toxins promote bacterial dissemination, while different iron-acquisition systems allow bacterial survival in the iron-limited environment of the urinary tract. The immune response to UPEC is primarily mediated by toll-like receptors recognising lipopolysaccharide, flagella and other structures on the bacterial surface. UPEC have the capacity to subvert this immune response of the host by means of actively impacting on pro-inflammatory signalling pathways, or by physical masking of immunogenic structures. The large repertoire of bacterial virulence and fitness factors in combination with host-related differences results in a complex interaction between host and pathogen in the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Lin JC, Koh TH, Lee N, Fung CP, Chang FY, Tsai YK, Ip M, Siu LK. Genotypes and virulence in serotype K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae from liver abscess and non-infectious carriers in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Gut Pathog 2014; 6:21. [PMID: 24987462 PMCID: PMC4076766 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-6-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KP-LA), K. pneumoniae K2 is the most frequently isolated serotype after K1, but this serotype has been much less studied. In the present study, the molecular types sequences type (MLST) of serotype K2 isolates from three different regions in Asia were identified and the virulence of these isolates was investigated. Eight different MLSTs were found among 26 isolates (ST 65, 66, 86, 373, 374, 375, 380, and 434). There were two major MLST groups, ST-65-like (42%) and ST86-like (46%). No isolates contained allS while all isolates contained rmpA. The prevalence of aerobactin gene and kfu were 25/26 (96%) and 3/26 (11.5%) respectively. Although liver abscess isolates were generally more resistant (11/15 isolates) to serum killing, there was no specific distribution of serum killing resistant or susceptible ST types between stool carriage and liver abscess isolates. Neutrophil phagocytosis showed that the liver abscess and carriage isolates varied in their susceptibility to phagocytosis. Strains with resistance to both neutrophil phagocytosis and serum killing were generally hypervirulent with lethality at LD50 < 103 colony forming units by intraperitoneal injection. In conclusion, Anti-phagocytosis and resistance to serum killing are two parameters that most predict hyperviurlence in serotype K2 isolates. Unlike serotype K1 KP-LA that mainly belong to ST-23, ST-65-like and −86-like are the two major MLST types among serotype K2 isolates from Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse Hsien Koh
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Phone Fung
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kuo Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - L Kristopher Siu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan ; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Role of capsule and O antigen in the virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94786. [PMID: 24722484 PMCID: PMC3983267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) the leading causative organism. UPEC has a number of virulence factors that enable it to overcome host defenses within the urinary tract and establish infection. The O antigen and the capsular polysaccharide are two such factors that provide a survival advantage to UPEC. Here we describe the application of the rpsL counter selection system to construct capsule (kpsD) and O antigen (waaL) mutants and complemented derivatives of three reference UPEC strains: CFT073 (O6:K2:H1), RS218 (O18:K1:H7) and 1177 (O1:K1:H7). We observed that while the O1, O6 and O18 antigens were required for survival in human serum, the role of the capsule was less clear and linked to O antigen type. In contrast, both the K1 and K2 capsular antigens provided a survival advantage to UPEC in whole blood. In the mouse urinary tract, mutation of the O6 antigen significantly attenuated CFT073 bladder colonization. Overall, this study contrasts the role of capsule and O antigen in three common UPEC serotypes using defined mutant and complemented strains. The combined mutagenesis-complementation strategy can be applied to study other virulence factors with complex functions both in vitro and in vivo.
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19
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KPC-producing, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 as a typical opportunistic pathogen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5144-6. [PMID: 23856769 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01052-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence of a KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) strain representing those circulating in Greece was assessed in a mouse septicemia model. The strain was virtually avirulent (50% lethal dose, >10(8) and 5 × 10(7) CFU for immunocompetent and neutropenic animals, respectively). Also, it was highly susceptible to serum killing, rapidly phagocytosed in vitro, and classified as K41, which is not among the virulent capsular types. The findings indirectly support the notion that high ST258-associated mortality is largely due to inefficient antimicrobial treatment.
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20
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Fakruddin M, Mazumdar RM, Chowdhury A, Mannan KSB. A preliminary study on virulence factors & antimicrobial resistance in extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in Bangladesh. Indian J Med Res 2013; 137:988-90. [PMID: 23760389 PMCID: PMC3734695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Fakruddin
- Institute of Food Science & Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Bangladesh,For correspondence:
| | | | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Institute of Food Science & Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Bangladesh
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Behnsen J, Deriu E, Sassone-Corsi M, Raffatellu M. Probiotics: properties, examples, and specific applications. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010074. [PMID: 23457295 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial components of the microbiota that have been used for centuries because of the health benefits they confer to the host. Only recently, however, has the contribution of probiotics to modulation of immunological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal functions started to be fully appreciated and scientifically evaluated. Probiotics such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and lactic acid bacteria are currently used to, or have been evaluated for use to, prevent or treat a range of intestinal maladies including inflammatory bowel disease, constipation, and colon cancer. Engineering these natural probiotics to produce immunomodulatory molecules may help to further increase the benefit to the host. In this article, we will discuss some of the mechanisms of action of probiotics as well as advances in the rational design of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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22
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Molecular typing and virulence analysis of serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from liver abscess patients and stool samples from noninfectious subjects in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3761-5. [PMID: 21900521 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00977-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae with multilocus sequence type 23 (ST23) has been strongly associated with liver abscess in Taiwan. Few data regarding the strain types and virulence of this serotype from other Asian countries are available. Serotype K1 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from liver abscess and stool samples from subjects hospitalized in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan hospitals were examined. Forty-seven serotype K1 isolates were identified: 26 from liver abscess samples and 21 from stool samples. MLST revealed 7 sequence types: 85.1% (40 of 47 isolates) belonged to ST23, 1 isolate belonged to ST163 (a single-locus variant of ST23), and 2 isolates were ST249 (a 3-locus variant of ST23). New STs, namely, ST367, ST425, and ST426, were allocated to 3 of 4 isolates from stool samples. The virulence of these strains was determined by neutrophil phagocytosis and mouse infection models. Except for two ST23 isolates, all Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to phagocytosis. Resistance to serum killing varied in isolates of ST23, while all non-ST23 strains were susceptible to serum killing except one with ST249 from a liver abscess. All hypervirulent isolates with a 50% lethal dose of <10(2) CFU were from ST23, were resistant to phagocytosis and serum killing, and also carried both virulence-associated genes, rmpA and aerobactin. Multilocus sequence typing genotype 23 was the most prevalent sequence type among serotype K1 K. pneumoniae isolates from both liver abscess and stool samples in the Asia Pacific region. Serotype K1 K. pneumoniae isolates with capsule expression leading to phagocytic resistance and with the aerobactin gene were associated with hypervirulence.
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23
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Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane porins OmpK35 and OmpK36 play roles in both antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:1485-93. [PMID: 21282452 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01275-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OmpK35 and OmpK36 are the major outer membrane porins of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this study, a virulent clinical isolate was selected to study the role of these two porins in antimicrobial resistance and virulence. The single deletion of ompK36 (ΔompK36) resulted in MIC shifts of cefazolin, cephalothin, and cefoxitin from susceptible to resistant, while the single deletion of ompK35 (ΔompK35) had no significant effect. A double deletion of ompK35 and ompK36 (ΔompK35/36) further increased these MICs to high-level resistance and led to 8- and 16-fold increases in the MICs of meropenem and cefepime, respectively. In contrast to the routine testing medium, which is of high osmolarity, susceptibility tests using low-osmolarity medium showed that the ΔompK35 mutation resulted in a significant (≥ 4-fold) increase in the MICs of cefazolin and ceftazidime, whereas a ΔompK36 deletion conferred a significantly (4-fold) lower increase in the MIC of cefazolin. In the virulence assays, a significant (P < 0.05) defect in the growth rate was found only in the ΔompK35/36 mutant, indicating the effect on metabolic fitness. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in susceptibility to neutrophil phagocytosis was observed in both ΔompK36 and ΔompK35/36 mutants. In a mouse peritonitis model, the ΔompK35 mutant showed no change in virulence, and the ΔompK36 mutant exhibited significantly (P < 0.01) lower virulence, whereas the ΔompK35/36 mutant presented the highest 50% lethal dose of these strains. In conclusion, porin deficiency in K. pneumoniae could increase antimicrobial resistance but decrease virulence at the same time.
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A multiplex PCR method to detect 14 Escherichia coli serogroups associated with urinary tract infections. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 82:71-7. [PMID: 20434495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections and are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). E. coli strains belonging to 14 serogroups, including O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O8, O15, O16, O18, O21, O22, O25, O75 and O83, are the most frequently detected UPEC strains in a diverse range of clinical urine specimens. In the current study, the O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli serogroups O1, O2, O18 and O75 were characterized. A multiplex PCR method based on O-antigen-specific genes was developed for the simultaneous detection of all 14 E. coli serogroups. The multiplex PCR method was shown to be highly specific and reproducible when tested against 186 E. coli and Shigella O-serogroup reference strains, 47 E. coli clinical isolates and 10 strains of other bacterial species. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR method was analyzed and shown to detect O-antigen-specific genes in samples containing 25 ng of genomic DNA or in mock urine specimens containing 40 colony-forming units (CFUs) per ml. Five urine specimens from hospital were examined using this multiplex PCR method, and the result for one sample was verified by the conventional serotyping methods. The multiplex PCR method developed herein can be used for the detection of relevant E. coli strains from clinical and/or environmental samples, and it is particularly useful for epidemiologic analysis of urine specimens from patients with UTIs.
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Sonnenborn U, Schulze J. The non-pathogenicEscherichia colistrain Nissle 1917 – features of a versatile probiotic. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910600903444267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Schulze
- Department of Medicine, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany
- *Present address: Alice-Bloch-Str. 7, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Bhowmik P, Bag PK, Hajra TK, De R, Sarkar P, Ramamurthy T. Pathogenic potential of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from surface waters in Kolkata, India. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1549-1558. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.014316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Aeromonas (family Aeromonadaceae) are medically important, Gram-negative, rod-shaped micro-organisms and are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Aeromonas species are increasingly recognized as enteric pathogens; they possess several virulence factors associated with human disease, and represent a serious public health concern. In the present study, putative virulence traits of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates collected from different natural surface waters of Kolkata, India, were compared with a group of clinical isolates from the same geographical area using tissue culture and PCR assays. Enteropathogenic potential was investigated in the mouse model. Of the 21 environmental isolates tested, the majority showed cytotoxicity to HeLa cells (81 %), haemolysin production (71 %) and serum resistance properties (90 %), and they all exhibited multi-drug resistance. Some of the isolates induced fluid accumulation (FA ratio≥100), damage to the gut and an inflammatory reaction in the mouse intestine; these effects were comparable to those of clinical strains of A. hydrophila and toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Interestingly, two of the isolates evoked a cell vacuolation effect in HeLa cells, and were also able to induce FA. These findings demonstrate the presence of potentially pathogenic and multi-drug-resistant A. hydrophila in the surface waters, thereby indicating a significant risk to public health. Continuous monitoring of surface waters is important to identify potential water-borne pathogens and to reduce the health risk caused by the genus Aeromonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Bhowmik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Prasanta K. Bag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Tapas K. Hajra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Rituparna De
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India
| | - Pradipto Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - T. Ramamurthy
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India
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Kilpi MK, Atosuo JT, Lilius EME. Bacteriolytic activity of the alternative pathway of complement differs kinetically from the classical pathway. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:1102-1110. [PMID: 19527746 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between bacterial cells and activated complement components as a kinetic biological event is described. The bacteriolytic activity of complement in human and fish serum was assayed by measuring the decrease of bioluminescence of Escherichia coli transformed with lux genes. From the kinetic curves, the bacteriolytic CB(50)- and AB(50)-units were derived at any desired time point. It was observed that these values were irregular but decreased as a function of incubation time, and reached equal values during prolonged incubation, suggesting that the difference between the classical and alternative pathway activity is kinetic. From the kinetic curves, entirely new parameters could be derived: rate of the activation phase, rate of killing by the lytic phase and rate of killing by the entire pathway in undiluted serum. The rates of human and fish classical pathway were about five and two times higher than those of the alternative pathway respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria K Kilpi
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Putative virulence traits and pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 isolates from surface waters in Kolkata, India. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5635-44. [PMID: 18641168 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00029-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 was isolated from natural surface waters from different sites sampled in diarrhea endemic zones in Kolkata, India. Twenty-one of these isolates were randomly selected and included in the characterization. The multiserogroup isolates were compared by their virulence traits with a group of clinical non-O1, non-O139 isolates from the same geographic area. Of the 21 environmental isolates, 6 and 14 strains belonged to Heiberg groups I and II, respectively. Three of the environmental isolates showed resistance to 2,2-diamine-6,7-diisopropylpteridine phosphate. All of the non-O1, non-O139 strains were positive for toxR, and except for one environmental isolate, none of them were positive for tcpA in the PCR assay. None of the isolates were positive for genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxA), heat-stable toxin (est), heat-labile toxin (elt), and Shiga toxin variants (stx) of Escherichia coli. Additionally, except for one environmental isolate (PC32), all were positive for the gene encoding El Tor hemolysin (hly). The culture supernatants of 86% (18 of 21) of the environmental isolates showed a distinct cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells, and some of these strains also produced cell-rounding factor. The lipase, protease, and cell-associated hemagglutination activities and serum resistance properties of the environmental and clinical isolates did not differ much. However, seven environmental isolates exhibited very high hemolytic activities (80 to 100%), while none of the clinical strains belonged to this group. The environmental isolates manifested three adherence patterns, namely, carpet-like, diffuse, and aggregative adherence, and the clinical isolates showed diffuse adherence on HeLa cells. Of the 11 environmental isolates tested for enteropathogenic potential, 8 (73%) induced positive fluid accumulation (>/=100) in a mouse model, and the reactivities of these isolates were comparable to those of clinical strains of non-O1, non-O139 and toxigenic O139 V. cholerae. Comparison of the counts of the colonized environmental and clinical strains in the mouse intestine showed that the organisms of both groups had similar colonizing efficiencies. These findings indicate the presence of potentially pathogenic V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains in surface waters of the studied sites in Kolkata.
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29
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Nagano N, Cordevant C, Nagano Y. Upper and lower urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K2 and CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase-producing serotype K1: a case report and characterization of serum killing resistance. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:121-124. [PMID: 18065678 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 was isolated from a patient with fatal upper urinary tract infection (UTI) complicated by sepsis caused by K. pneumoniae serotype K2. Transfer of a CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase plasmid from the K1 to the K2 strain was observed. However, plasmid acquisition by the K2 strain did not occur in vivo, suggesting that the K1 strain might not have contributed directly to the upper UTI. In addition, effects of K serotypes and plasmid acquisition on K. pneumoniae serum resistance were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Nagano
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Fubanashi, Chiba 273-8588, Japan
| | - Christophe Cordevant
- Molecular Typing Center, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Yukiko Nagano
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1 Kanasugi, Fubanashi, Chiba 273-8588, Japan
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Hegde A, Bhat GK, Mallya S. EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ON THE VIRULENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Sharma S, Bhat GK, Shenoy S. VIRULENCE FACTORS AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM EXTRAINTESTINAL INFECTIONS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common cause of complicated as well as uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most of these uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains exhibit certain virulence factors (VFs), including adhesins, iron uptake systems, synthesis of cytotoxins, and specific O:K:H serotypes. Molecular epidemiological studies of UPEC have contributed to the discovery of uropathogenic VFs, to an understanding of the pathogenesis of UTIs as ascending infections, and to the clarification of genetic linkages between different virulence genes such as pathogenicity islands (PAIs), which are one of the mechanisms for horizontal VF gene transfers between the same or related species. Uropathogenic VFs not only play an important role individually but also work cooperatively in a fine-tuned manner with coordinated regulation and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yamamoto
- The Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
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33
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Katouli M, Brauner A, Haghighi LK, Kaijser B, Muratov V, Möllby R. Virulence characteristics of Escherichia coli strains causing acute cystitis in young adults in Iran. J Infect 2005; 50:312-21. [PMID: 15845429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli strains that cause cystitis posses virulence properties that facilitate their colonisation and persistence in the bladder. In Iran, despite the high number of the urinary tract infections, very few studies has been done to determine the role of these virulence properties in the pathogenesis of E. coli cyctitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-seven strains of E. coli, isolated from young adults with cystitis in Shiraz, Iran, were examined for the expression of type 1 and P-fimbriae, mannose resistant haemagglutination, haemolysin production, aerobactin-mediated iron uptake, O:K serotypes, biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. RESULTS Seventy-six percent of the strains expressed multiple virulence properties. There was a significant correlation between the presence of aerobactin and the expression of type 1 fimbriae. All P-fimbriated strains produced aerobactin with 50% of them also coexpressing haemolysin. Of the 29 different O:K serotypes identified, 42% belonged to serotypes not commonly found among European serotypes associated with UTI. Strains of O groups 4 and 6 expressed more virulence factors than the others. A high resistance against ampicillin, trimethoprim and cotrimoxasol was observed among the isolates with 53% of the isolates showing multiresistance to these three antibiotics. Certain BPTs were also found among O:K serotypes with some containing strains of the same virulence profile. CONCLUSION We conclude that certain colonal groups of E. coli are commonly associated with cystitis in young adults in Iran with strains possessing a combination of aerobactin and type 1 fimbriae being the dominant ones and belonging to serotypes not commonly found in Europe. We also conclude that the multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli strains causing cyctitis are highly prevalent in this part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katouli
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Kurazono H, Nakano M, Yamamoto S, Ogawa O, Yuri K, Nakata K, Kimura M, Makino SI, Nair GB. Distribution of the usp gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals and correlation with serotypes and size-variations of the pathogenicity island. Microbiol Immunol 2004; 47:797-802. [PMID: 14605446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) is a serious problem not only among humans but also in companion animals such as dogs and cats. The uropathogenic specific protein gene (usp ) is preferentially distributed in UPEC isolates from dogs and cats compared with the distribution of usp in E. coli strains from feces of healthy dogs and cats and this pattern of distribution resembles that observed in human UPEC strains. The UPEC strains from companion animals share common O serotypes like O1, O2, O4, O6, O16, O18, O22, O25 and O75 as those reported for human UPEC. The size variation of the pathogenicity island that includes usp in UPEC from dogs and cats was almost similar to those seen in human UPEC. We propose that dogs and cats are the alternative reservoirs for UPEC strains that are associated with human UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kurazono
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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35
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Grozdanov L, Zähringer U, Blum-Oehler G, Brade L, Henne A, Knirel YA, Schombel U, Schulze J, Sonnenborn U, Gottschalk G, Hacker J, Rietschel ET, Dobrindt U. A single nucleotide exchange in the wzy gene is responsible for the semirough O6 lipopolysaccharide phenotype and serum sensitivity of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:5912-25. [PMID: 12374825 PMCID: PMC135379 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.21.5912-5925.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2002] [Accepted: 08/08/2002] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from semirough, serum-sensitive Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (DSM 6601, serotype O6:K5:H1) revealed that this strain's LPS contains a bisphosphorylated hexaacyl lipid A and a tetradecasaccharide consisting of one E. coli O6 antigen repeating unit attached to the R1-type core. Configuration of the GlcNAc glycosidic linkage between O-antigen oligosaccharide and core (beta) differs from that interlinking the repeating units in the E. coli O6 antigen polysaccharide (alpha). The wa(*) and wb(*) gene clusters of strain Nissle 1917, required for LPS core and O6 repeating unit biosyntheses, were subcloned and sequenced. The DNA sequence of the wa(*) determinant (11.8 kb) shows 97% identity to other R1 core type-specific wa(*) gene clusters. The DNA sequence of the wb(*) gene cluster (11 kb) exhibits no homology to known DNA sequences except manC and manB. Comparison of the genetic structures of the wb(*)(O6) (wb(*) from serotype O6) determinants of strain Nissle 1917 and of smooth and serum-resistant uropathogenic E. coli O6 strain 536 demonstrated that the putative open reading frame encoding the O-antigen polymerase Wzy of strain Nissle 1917 was truncated due to a point mutation. Complementation with a functional wzy copy of E. coli strain 536 confirmed that the semirough phenotype of strain Nissle 1917 is due to the nonfunctional wzy gene. Expression of a functional wzy gene in E. coli strain Nissle 1917 increased its ability to withstand antibacterial defense mechanisms of blood serum. These results underline the importance of LPS for serum resistance or sensitivity of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Grozdanov
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Podschun R, Pietsch S, Höller C, Ullmann U. Incidence of Klebsiella species in surface waters and their expression of virulence factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3325-7. [PMID: 11425763 PMCID: PMC93022 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.3325-3327.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the occurrence of different Klebsiella spp. in aquatic environments, a total of 208 samples of natural surface waters was examined. From half (53%) of these samples, 123 Klebsiella strains were isolated, the most common species being Klebsiella pneumoniae. A comparison of these isolates to a group of 207 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated that water isolates of K. pneumoniae, unlike those of K. oxytoca and K. planticola, are as capable as clinical isolates of expressing putative virulence factors such as serum resistance and capsular polysaccharides, pili, and siderophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Podschun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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37
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THE PRESENCE OF THE VIRULENCE ISLAND CONTAINING THE USP GENE IN UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IS ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE MODEL. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200104000-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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THE PRESENCE OF THE VIRULENCE ISLAND CONTAINING THE USP GENE IN UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IS ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE MODEL. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)69897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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de Brito BG, Leite DS, Linhares RE, Vidotto MC. Virulence-associated factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs. Vet Microbiol 1999; 65:123-32. [PMID: 10078596 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirty one Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with urinary tract infections were investigated for presence of virulence factors and plasmid DNA profile. The most frequent virulence factors presented by these strains were mannose-resistant fimbriae, including P. fimbriae (54.8%) and aerobactin production (45.2%). The pap) operon, detected by PCR, was found in 54.8% of the strains, which is similar to its frequency in human strains. Other characteristics such as the presence of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (16.1%), indicative of type 1 pili, and production of hemolysin (25.8%), colicin (38.7%) and toxins (22.6% for LT and for VT) were less frequent. No strains were positive for STa production. Plasmid profiles were variable among isolates from either the same or different farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G de Brito
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departmento de Microbiologia, Pr, Brazil
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40
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Yuri K, Nakata K, Katae H, Tsukamoto T, Hasegawa A. Serotypes and virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci 1999; 61:37-40. [PMID: 10027161 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.61.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
E. coli strains isolated from urine of dogs and cats with urinary tract infections (UTI) and from feces of healthy one's were serotyped, and the serotypes were correlated with uropathogenic virulence factors. The most prevalent O-serotypes, O4 and O6, were isolated from dogs and cats with UTI. In contrast, O11 and O102 strains were the most frequently found from feces of healthy dogs and cats. Most of type O4 and O6 strains possessed such virulence factors as pil, pap, sfa, hly, and cnf1, while most type O11 and O102 strains pil only or pil and aer. All strains of type O75 possessed afaI and aer. K1 antigen was negative in all strains obtained from UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuri
- Research Laboratories, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Mizunoe Y, Wai SN. Bacterial fimbriae in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. J Infect Chemother 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Genetic Evidence Supporting the Fecal-Perineal-Urethral Hypothesis in Cystitis Caused by Escherichia Coli. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199703000-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Yamamoto S, Tsukamoto T, Terai A, Kurazono H, Takeda Y, Yoshida O. Genetic Evidence Supporting the Fecal-Perineal-Urethral Hypothesis in Cystitis Caused by Escherichia Coli. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, the Osaka Prefectural Public Health Institute, Osaka, and the Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teizo Tsukamoto
- Department of Urology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, the Osaka Prefectural Public Health Institute, Osaka, and the Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Terai
- Department of Urology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, the Osaka Prefectural Public Health Institute, Osaka, and the Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Kurazono
- Department of Urology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, the Osaka Prefectural Public Health Institute, Osaka, and the Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeda
- Department of Urology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, the Osaka Prefectural Public Health Institute, Osaka, and the Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Department of Urology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, the Osaka Prefectural Public Health Institute, Osaka, and the Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Yamamoto S, Nakata K, Yuri K, Katae H, Terai A, Kurazono H, Takeda Y, Yoshida O. Assessment of the significance of virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in experimental urinary tract infection in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:607-10. [PMID: 8908603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Four Escherichia coli strains, isolated from cystitis patients, belonging to serotype 02:H- and possessing different combinations of urovirulence factors were examined in an experimental pyelonephritis mouse model to assess the relative importance of virulence factors in causation of urinary tract infections (UTI). The results suggest not only that the each virulence factor has a role in causation of UTI but also that the presence of P fimbriae and production of hemolysin significantly reduced the LD50 and ID50 of the strains in the mouse model. The results also demonstrate that the presence of additional virulence factors acts in an additive or synergetic fashion enhancing the cumulative impact of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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45
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Siegfried L, Kmetová M, Janigová V, Sasinka M, Takácová V. Serum response of Escherichia coli strains causing dyspepsia and urinary tract infection: relation to alpha-hemolysin production and O type. Infect Immun 1995; 63:4543-5. [PMID: 7591101 PMCID: PMC173650 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.11.4543-4545.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 109 alpha-hemolytic and 104 nonhemolytic Escherichia coli isolates from children with dyspepsia and urinary tract infections were investigated for resistance to the bactericidal activity of human serum. A significantly higher proportion of serum resistance was found in alpha-hemolytic E. coli isolates than in nonhemolytic isolates (P < 0.01). An association between the titer of alpha-hemolysin produced and serum resistance was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Siegfried
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Safárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
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46
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Yamamoto S, Tsukamoto T, Terai A, Kurazono H, Takeda Y, Yoshida O. Distribution of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from urine of cystitis patients. Microbiol Immunol 1995; 39:401-4. [PMID: 8551971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of 7 urovirulence factors, such as type 1 pilus (pil), pilus associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S fimbriae (sfa), afimbrial adhesin I (afaI), hemolysin (hly), aerobactin (aer) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) was examined by a DNA colony hybridization test among 194 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of cystitis patients and in 80 strains isolated from the stool specimens of healthy adults. All virulence factors examined, except pil, were significantly more frequently detected among the cystitis isolates than among the fecal isolates. When individual virulence factors were analyzed against the others, an association was discernible which was not apparent when all 7 virulence factors were considered collectively. There was an apparent correlation between the genotypes and serotypes of the E. coli strains from the cystitis patients. From the data presented, it was proposed that genetic detection of virulence factors would be useful for rapid diagnosis of cystitis, especially in patients without severe pyuria or bacteriuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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47
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Siegfried L, Filka J, Puzová H. Role of alpha-haemolysin in resistance of Escherichia coli strains to bactericidal action of human serum and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 371A:691-3. [PMID: 8526020 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1941-6_146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Siegfried
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safárik University, Alzbetina, Kosice
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48
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Hoffmann EM, Houle JJ. Contradictory roles for antibody and complement in the interaction of Brucella abortus with its host. Crit Rev Microbiol 1995; 21:153-63. [PMID: 8845060 DOI: 10.3109/10408419509113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of serum complement to kill bacteria has been linked to host resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. A mechanism for killing extracellular organisms during early invasion, following release from infected phagocytic cells, or during bacteremia would contribute to a host's ability to resist disease. In fact, the ability of serum complement to kill bacteria has been linked to disease resistance. Brucella abortus are Gram-negative intracellular pathogens. Resistance to these bacteria involves the coordinated activities of the cellular and humoral immune systems. The existence of serum-resistant forms of B. abortus has been established, and it has been shown that these bacteria can resist the killing action of complement even in the presence of specific antibody. Antibody is usually necessary for complement-mediated killing of smooth (virulent) forms of Gram-negative bacteria. An anomolous situation exists with some isolates of smooth B. abortus. Sera containing high titers of specific antibody do not support killing unless they are diluted. In the bovine, this phenomenon is associated with IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. This finding may account for the lack of positive correlation between antibody levels and resistance to disease, which has led, perhaps wrongly, to the idea that antibody and complement are not important in resistance to brucellosis. Available evidence suggests that antibody may have contradictory roles in the interactions between a host and bacteria. Avirulent (rough) forms of the organism would be rapidly killed by complement shortly after invasion, but serum-resistant smooth forms of the organism would survive and invade resident phagocytic cells. During the process of invasion and phagocytosis, the bacteria would initiate an immune response. With time, some B. abortus organisms would be released from infected phagocytic cells. In the early stages of this process, the bacteria would encounter IgM antibody and low concentrations of IgG antibody. These would cause complement-mediated killing, and infection would be restricted to resident phagocytic cells. However, the immune response to B. abortus antigens would be intensified, and IgG antibody levels would increase. High concentrations of antibody do no support complement-mediated killing of extracellular B. abortus, but the bacteria would be opsonized by antibody and complement component fragments. This would lead to increased phagocytosis of extracellular B. abortus as they appear, and concomitant extension of disease. Because of high levels of antibody would block complement-mediated killing of B. abortus, resistance to disease at this point would be dependent on cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0700, USA
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49
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Roberts JA, Marklund BI, Ilver D, Haslam D, Kaack MB, Baskin G, Louis M, Möllby R, Winberg J, Normark S. The Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal-specific tip adhesin of Escherichia coli P-fimbriae is needed for pyelonephritis to occur in the normal urinary tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:11889-93. [PMID: 7991552 PMCID: PMC45341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonobstructive acute pyelonephritis in humans is most often caused by P-fimbriated Escherichia coli. P-fimbriae are heteropolymeric fibers carrying a Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal-specific PapG adhesin at its distal end. The pyelonephritic strain DS17 expresses P-fimbriae from a single gene cluster. A mutant strain, DS17-8, which expresses P-fimbriae tacking the PapG adhesin, was constructed by allelic replacement introducing a 1-bp deletion early in the papG gene. In cynomolgus monkeys, DS17 and DS17-8 were equally able to cause bladder infection, whereas only the wild-type strain DS17 could cause pyelonephritis as monitored by bacteriological, functional, and histopathological criteria. Since DS17, but not DS17-8, adheres to renal tissue, these data underscore the critical role of microbial adherence to host tissues in infectious disease and strongly suggest that the PapG tip adhesin of P-fimbriae is essential in the pathogenesis of human kidney infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Roberts
- Department of Urology, Tulane Regional Primate Center, Covington, LA 70433
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50
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Puzová H, Siegfried L, Kmetová M, Filka J, Takácová V, Durovicová J. Fimbriation, surface hydrophobicity and serum resistance in uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1994; 9:223-9. [PMID: 7812269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1994.tb00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of 80 Escherichia coli strains were examined for expression of P-fimbriae, mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (MSHA) and mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) of human group A erythrocytes and guinea pig erythrocytes, cell surface hydrophobicity and resistance to serum bactericidal activity. Isolates were obtained from urine of children and adults, either with acute pyelonephritis (n = 15 and n 12) or lower urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 30 and n = 23, respectively). Results obtained showed that, in E. coli strains isolated both from children and adults with lower UTI, significant differences were not found concerning the incidence of P-fimbriae, cell surface hydrophobicity and serum resistance. In pyelonephritogenic E. coli isolated from children and adults, the incidence of P-fimbriae and cell surface hydrophobicity was associated more frequently with the former (87% vs. 42% and 100% vs. 67%, P < 0.05), while serum resistance was associated with the latter (47% vs. 67%, P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Puzová
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Safárik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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