1
|
Boppana SH, Kutikuppala LVS, Sharma S, C M, Rangari G, Misra AK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Singh PK, Rabaan AA, Mohapatra RK, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan M. Current approaches in smart nano-inspired drug delivery: A narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2065. [PMID: 38660006 PMCID: PMC11040566 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The traditional drug delivery approach involves systemic administration of a drug that could be nonspecific in targeting, low on efficacy, and with severe side-effects. To address such challenges, the field of smart drug delivery has emerged aiming at designing and developing delivery systems that can target specific cells, tissues, and organs and have minimal off-target side-effects. Methods A literature search was done to collate papers and reports about the currently available various strategies for smart nano-inspired drug delivery. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Based on selection criteria, the most pertinent and recent items were included. Results Smart drug delivery is a cutting-edge revolutionary intervention in modern medicines to ensure effective and safe administration of therapeutics to target sites. These hold great promise for targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to improve the efficacy with reduced side-effects as compared to the conventional drug delivery approaches. Current smart drug delivery approaches include nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and hydrogels, each with its own advantages and limitations. The success of these delivery systems lies in engineering and designing them, and optimizing their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Conclusion Development of drug delivery systems that can get beyond various physiological and clinical barriers, as observed in conventionally administered chemotherapeutics, has been possible through recent advancements. Using multifunctional targeting methodologies, smart drug delivery tries to localize therapy to the target location, reduces cytotoxicity, and improves the therapeutic index. Rapid advancements in research and development in smart drug delivery provide wider and more promising avenues to guarantee a better healthcare system, improve patient outcomes, and achieve higher levels of effective medical interventions like personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Boppana
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Sushil Sharma
- Department of PharmacologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)MangalagiriAndhra PradeshIndia
| | - Madhavrao C
- Department of PharmacologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)MangalagiriAndhra PradeshIndia
| | - Gaurav Rangari
- Department of PharmacologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)MangalagiriAndhra PradeshIndia
| | - Arup Kumar Misra
- Department of PharmacologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)MangalagiriAndhra PradeshIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus‐11KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Campus‐11KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kandi V, Shahapur PR, Suvvari TK, Bharadwaj VG, P CR, Shahapur R, Podaralla E, Godishala V. Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infections Through Next-Generation Sequencing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Serotypes, Sequence Types, and Antimicrobial and Virulence Genes. Cureus 2024; 16:e55556. [PMID: 38576671 PMCID: PMC10993757 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An enormous increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria isolated from human clinical specimens contributed to treatment failures. Increased surveillance through next-generation sequencing (NGS) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) could facilitate the study of the epidemiology of drug-resistant bacterial strains, resistance genes, and other virulence determinants they are potentially carrying. Methods This study included 30 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India. All bacterial isolates were identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined through conventional microbiological techniques and confirmed by automated systems. All the isolates were investigated using NGS to identify genes coding for resistance, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-beta-lactamases, and virulence genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to understand the prevalent strain types, and serotyping was carried out to evaluate the type of O (cell wall antigen) and H (flagellar antigen) serotypes carried by the isolates. Results The conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 15 (50%) isolates were resistant to imipenem (IPM), 10 (33.33%) were resistant to amikacin (AK), 13 (43.33%) were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ), 17 (56.66%) were resistant to cephalosporins, and 14 (46.66%) were resistant to nitrofurantoin (NIT). Among the isolates, 26 (86.66%) had revealed the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant genes with evidence of at least one gene coding for beta-lactamase resistance. There was a high prevalence of blaCTX-M (19/30, 63.33%) genes, followed by blaTEM and blaOXA-1. The blaNDM-5 gene was found in three isolates (3/30, 10%). The virulence genes identified in the present study were iutA, sat, iss, and papC, among others. The E. coli serotype found predominantly belonged to O25:H4 (5, 16.66%), followed by O102:H6 (4, 13.33%). A total of 16 MLST variants were identified among the examined samples. Of the MLST-based sequence types (STs) identified, ST-131 (7, 23.33%) was the predominant one, followed by ST-167 (3, 10%) and ST-12 (3, 10%). Conclusions The study results demonstrated that the E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTIs potentially carried antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes and belonged to different strain types based on MLST. Careful evaluation of bacterial strains using molecular analyses such as NGS could facilitate an improved understanding of bacterial antibiotic resistance and its virulence potential. This could enable physicians to choose appropriate antimicrobial agents and contribute to better patient management, thereby preventing the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Praveen R Shahapur
- Microbiology, Bijapur Lingayat District Educational (BLDE) (Deemed to be) University, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Tarun Kumar Suvvari
- General Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, IND
- Research, Squad Medicine and Research (SMR), Visakhapatnam, IND
| | - Vallab Ganesh Bharadwaj
- Microbiology, Trichy Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli, IND
| | - Chitra Rajalakshmi P
- Microbiology, Trichy Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli, IND
| | - Roopa Shahapur
- Dentistry, Bijapur Lingayat District Educational (BLDE) (Deemed to be) University, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapura, IND
| | | | - Vikram Godishala
- Biotechnology/Food and Nutrition, Vaagdevi Degree and PG College, Hanamkonda, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vijayan S, Kandi V, Palacholla PS, Rajendran R, Jarugu C, Ca J, Pravallika M, Reddy SC, Sucharitha AS. Probiotics in Allergy and Immunological Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55817. [PMID: 38590477 PMCID: PMC10999892 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergy and immunological disorders like autoimmune diseases are vastly prevalent worldwide. These conditions account for a substantial amount of personal and social burden. Such illnesses have lengthy, uncertain, and spotted courses with unpredictable exacerbations. A definite tendency for improving the overall quality of life of individuals suffering from such diseases is crucial to tackling these diseases, especially through diet or lifestyle modification. Further, interventions like microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics were explored. Changes in the microbial population were evident during the flare-up of autoimmune and allergic conditions. The realization that the human microbiome is a central player in immunological diseases is a hallmark of its potential usefulness in therapy for such illnesses. This review focuses on the intricate symphony in the orchestra of the human microbiome and the immune system. New therapeutic strategies involving probiotics appear to be the future of personalized medicine. Through this review, we explore the narrative of probiotics and reaffirm their use as therapeutic and preventive agents in immunological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Vijayan
- Pediatrics, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata (CV) Raman General Hospital, Bangalore, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Pratyusha S Palacholla
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Chandrasagar Jarugu
- General Practice, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Mundla Pravallika
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Shruthi C Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Atul S Sucharitha
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ca J, Kumar P VB, Kandi V, N G, K S, Dharshini D, Batchu SVC, Bhanu P. Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53933. [PMID: 38468991 PMCID: PMC10925483 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of diseases caused by diverse organisms, affecting millions of people in tropical and subtropical conditions. NTDs are more prevalent among people who live in poverty, without access to clean water, adequate sanitation, and quality health care. Most NTDs are chronic conditions and are potentially disablers than killers, leaving behind a trail of social consequences. Controlling NTDs has become complicated due to limited resources and are frequently ignored by global funding agencies. India experiences a significant burden of global NTDs. The paradox is that NTDs are preventable and treatable at an affordable cost. It then makes no sense as to why we co-exist with such diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) has donned the leadership role of eliminating, eradicating, and controlling global NTDs. The WHO published a roadmap delineating a plan of action, which was being reviewed periodically. This led to substantive progress in tackling the NTDs. However, many challenges still exist to controlling and preventing NTDs. India has achieved significant progress towards NTD control and elimination by implementing the WHO strategies and action plans. This was evident by an increase in research and funding in this direction. The number of new drugs, vaccines, and investigative tools available and those in the pipeline is testimony to their efforts. Focusing singly on India's NTD problem would substantially reduce the burden of poverty-related neglected diseases and could dramatically advance the global health agenda. This review highlights the problem of NTDs in the Indian and global perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Girish N
- Microbiology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | - Sanjana K
- Dermatology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | - Divya Dharshini
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Prakash Bhanu
- Dermatology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Tuglo LS, Sarangi AK, Kandi V, AL Ibrahim AA, Alsaif HA, Rabaan AA, Zahan MK. Recurring food source-based Listeria outbreaks in the United States: An unsolved puzzle of concern? Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1863. [PMID: 38317674 PMCID: PMC10839161 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurring Listeria outbreaks in the United States is a growing public healthcare concern. Although no associated reported death, 17 were hospitalized out of the 18 reported illnesses in the recent outbreak in 15 US states. The United States has experienced about 30 Listeria outbreaks in the last decade with 524 Listeriosis cases and 80 deaths. The identified origin were ice cream, leafy greens, mushroom, meat slice, dairy products like cheese, packaged salads, cooked chicken, hard-boiled egg, pork product, frozen vegetable, raw milk, packaged caramel apple, bean sprout and soya products. Although rare, Listeria may lead to serious illness (invasive listeriosis) or death. Listeriosis is critically harmful and medically complicated, especially in the pregnant, the old above 65 years and in the immunocompromised. It could cause premature birth, miscarriage or even neonatal death. Hospitalization is often necessary in the geriatric, being fatal at times. Among Listeria sp., Listeria monocytogenes is often human infection-associated. It is a gram-positive, non-sporulating, motile bacillus opportunistic pathogen. Food-borne listeriosis is often associated with frozen foods due to its ability to thrive at low temperatures. Hypervirulent strains of L. monocytogenes with an ability to infect the respiratory system (the lungs) was recently reported in the coronavirus disease-19 patients during the pandemic. L. monocytogenes seemed to have developed antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and meropenem, possibly acquired through the food chain. An early onset of listeriosis in the newborn is evident in the first 7 days postparturition. As the bacteria colonize the genitourinary tract, majority of such cases result from teratogenic transfer during vaginal delivery. Premature newborns, neonates born outside healthcare facilities and low-birth-weight babies were increasingly predisposed to an early onset of listeriosis. Listeria outbreaks were earlier reported in South Africa, Australia and Europe, with an unclear origin of the outbreaks. Social media updates about such outbreaks, the most likely food source, and measures to self-protect are suggested as preventive measures. The article deals on various such aspects related to listeriosis primarily originating from food, to ensure better public healthcare and human wellness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT Deemed UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Lawrence Sena Tuglo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBalangirOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | | | | | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
V R, Chacko AM, Abdulla N, Annamalai M, Kandi V. Medication Adherence in Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52721. [PMID: 38384629 PMCID: PMC10880514 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that can affect different parts of the body. The rates of cancer have shown an increasing trend in the past decade. A majority of cancers are detected late, therefore becoming untreatable and resulting in significant mortality. Additionally, the lack of awareness about cancers, their risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and preventive measures contributes to increased burden among people. Despite significant developments in the therapeutic and comprehensive management of cancers, the cause for concern is the lack of medication adherence. This is majorly attributed to the adverse effects of the medication, the cost of the drugs, and other reasons. This review comprehensively discusses various aspects of cancer medication adherence that include therapeutic modalities for treating cancers, factors influencing medication adherence, barriers, and facilitators to medication adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma V
- Pharmacology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute (SSSMCRI), Chennai, IND
| | - Arun M Chacko
- Biochemistry, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, IND
- Biochemistry, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kollam, IND
| | - Naseeha Abdulla
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Medical College, Calicut, IND
| | - Maduram Annamalai
- Pharmacology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute (SSSMCRI), Chennai, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohapatra RK, Bhattacharjee P, Desai DN, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Mishra S, Sah R, Ibrahim AAAL, Rabaan AA, Zahan KE. Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1831. [PMID: 38274135 PMCID: PMC10808844 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Severe morbidity and mortality due to seasonal infectious diseases are common global public health issues. Vector-borne viral illnesses like dengue and chikungunya overload the healthcare systems leading to critical financial burden to manage them. There is no effective drug or vaccine currently available to control these two diseases. Methods The review was formulated by incorporating relevant reports on chikungunya and dengue in the Americas regions through a comprehensive search of literature that were available on dedicated scientific publication portals such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Results The strategies of public health administrations to control largely the mosquito vectors during tropical monsoon seem to be effective. Yet, it seems practically impossible to completely eliminate them. The mosquito vector disseminates the virus via transovarian route thereby internalising the virus through generations, a reason behind reappearing and recurring outbreaks. The numerous factors associated with industrialisation, urbanisation, population density, and easy transboundary movements appear to have contributed to the spread of vectors from an endemic region to elsewhere. Conclusion The article made a state-of-affair comprehensive analysis of the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the tropics, particularly the tropical Americas, as a human health concern, the countermeasures undertaken and the overall preparedness. The viral transmission is a hard situation to tackle as the vector survives in diverse temperature and ecology, is resistant to insecticides, and the unavailability of drugs. Better vector-control measures and improved understanding of the reemerging arboviral infections could offer an extended reaction time to counter outbreaks, and minimise associated morbidity/mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhruv N. Desai
- Department of PathobiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of ChemistryCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBalangirOdishaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT Deemed UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of MicrobiologyTribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of MedicineKathmanduNepal
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyDr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | | | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | - Kudrat E. Zahan
- Department of ChemistryRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pattnaik P, Mahal A, Mishra S, Alkhouri A, Mohapatra RK, Kandi V. Alarming Rise in Global Rabies Cases Calls for Urgent Attention: Current Vaccination Status and Suggested Key Countermeasures. Cureus 2023; 15:e50424. [PMID: 38222131 PMCID: PMC10784771 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the wake of rising rabies cases worldwide, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is time to understand the scenario better and suggest technically sound and plausible countermeasures. This article is an attempt at this perspective. Although a critical zoonotic viral disease, rabies is preventable. Medico-legally, the ailment is classified as furious rabies and paralytic rabies. The four world bodies, namely, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) endorsed framing a global support system to eradicate human death from dog-mediated rabies under the 'Zero by 30' framework. The framework calls for extending the vaccination of dogs to reduce the risk of human rabies. Stray dogs became aggressive primarily due to their food shortage during the pandemic lockdown. As many adopted stray dogs were disowned post-pandemic, decreased human-dog interactions increased the aggressiveness among dogs. As a result, 'dog-bite' cases rose, with a sudden spike in rabies cases and dog-bite-induced deaths in India and elsewhere. Jeopardising the 'Zero by 30' plan is certainly a public health concern. Stray dog sterilisation through the irreversible ductal occlusion technique and reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance (RISUG) are other suggested interventions to control rabies. Importantly, wildlife like foxes, raccoons, skunks, and bats could also be rabid. Three out of the four WHO-pre-qualified human vaccines against rabies are intradermally administered as post-exposure prophylaxis, while the intramuscular one is more popular. Even though 'Zero by 30' may not be achieved within the set timeframe, it is time for a concerted and planned strategy by global agencies to curb the globally rising rabies cases and manage the disease better. The 'One Health' model seems to be a plausible guideline and the ultimate countermeasure to achieve this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, IRQ
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Anas Alkhouri
- College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, IRQ
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Srivastava D, Kutikuppala LVS, Shanker P, Sahoo RN, Pattnaik G, Dash R, Kandi V, Ansari A, Mishra S, Desai DN, Mohapatra RK, Rabaan AA, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan M. The neglected continuously emerging Marburg virus disease in Africa: A global public health threat. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1661. [PMID: 37908639 PMCID: PMC10613755 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is caused by Marburg virus which is a member of the Filoviridae (filovirus) family. Many Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks are reported in five decades. A major notable outbreak with substantial reported cases of infections and deaths was in 2022 in Uganda. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported MVD outbreak in Ghana in July 2022 following the detection of two probable VHF patients there. Further, the virus was reported from two other African countries, the Equatorial Guinea (February 2023) and Tanzania (March 2023). There have been 35 deaths out of 40 reported cases in Equatorial Guinea, and six of the nine confirmed cases in Tanzania so far. Methods Data particularly on the several MVD outbreaks as reported from the African countries were searched on various databases including the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web-of-science. Also, the primary data and reports from health agencies like the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC) were evaluated and the efficacy reviewed. Results Chiroptera in general and bat species like Rousettus aegyptiacus and Hipposideros caffer in particular are natural reservoirs of the Marburg virus. MVD-infected nonhuman primate African fruit-bat and the MVD-infected humans pose significant risk in human infections. Cross-border viral transmission and its potential further international ramification concerns raise the risk of its rapid spread and a potential outbreak. Occurrence of MVD is becoming more frequent in Africa with higher case fatality rates. Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to counter this deadly virus are suggested. Conclusion In the face of the lack of effective therapeutics and preventives against MVD, supportive care is the only available option which contributes to the growing concern and disease severity. In view of the preventive approaches involving effective surveillance and monitoring system following the "One Health" model is extremely beneficial to ensure a healthy world for all, this article aims at emphasizing several MVD outbreaks, epidemiology, zoonosis of the virus, current treatment strategies, risk assessments, and the mitigation strategies against MVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devang Srivastava
- Department of General MedicineKakatiya Medical CollegeRangam Peta StreetWarangalTelanganaIndia
| | | | - Pooja Shanker
- Department of MicrobiologySMS Medical CollegeGangawal Park, Adarsh NagarJaipurRajastanIndia
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha‐O‐Anusandhan Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementOdishaIndia
| | - Rasmita Dash
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT Deemed‐to‐be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Dhruv N. Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ryan Veterinary HospitalUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohapatra RK, Mahal A, Mishra S, Kandi V, Obaidullah WJ. SARS-CoV-2 Variants BA.2.86 and EG.5.1 Alongside Scrub Typhus and Nipah in India During the Ongoing Cricket World Cup 2023: Threat Perceptions and Countermeasures. Cureus 2023; 15:e48895. [PMID: 38106697 PMCID: PMC10725194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and China witnessed rising cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2023. Concerns about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) novel strains amid the sudden surge of COVID cases are growing. Recently, BA.2.86 (Pirola) poses a much greater risk due to its higher transmission rate and spreading across regions. Pirola variant has mutations that set it apart from all earlier known SARS-CoV-2 variants. This variant was designated a variant of interest by the World Health Organization (WHO). Another SARS-CoV-2 variant named "Eris" (EG.5.1) was detected in India and started picking up in the US and the UK. The WHO listed EG.5.1 (variant) as a variant under monitoring. Therefore, it is important to remain vigilant. Further, multiple Nipah virus infections and scrub typhus cases are spreading among humans in India currently. In this situation, the 13th edition of the International Cricket Council (ICC) Men's Cricket World Cup is being held in India this year. With global reach, this big sporting carnival attracts millions of cricket fans from several countries. In light of the multiple public health concerns encountered currently, this gala global sports event needs additional preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Keonjhar, IND
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan, IRQ
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Wajdi J Obaidullah
- General Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Kandi V, Branda F, Ansari A, Rabaan AA, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan M. Analyzing the emerging patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants for the development of next-gen vaccine: An observational study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1596. [PMID: 37867789 PMCID: PMC10584996 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Understanding the prevalence and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants has assumed paramount importance. This study statistically analyzed to effectively track the emergence and spread of the variants and highlights the importance of such investigations in developing potential next-gen vaccine to combat the continuously emerging Omicron subvariants. Methods Transmission fitness advantage and effective reproductive number (R e) of epidemiologically relevant SARS-CoV-2 sublineages through time during the study period based on the GISAID data were estimated. Results The analyses covered the period from January to June 2023 around an array of sequenced samples. The dominance of the XBB variant strain, accounting for approximately 57.63% of the cases, was identified during the timeframe. XBB.1.5 exhibited 37.95% prevalence rate from March to June 2023. Multiple variants showed considerable global influence throughout the study, as sporadically documented. Notably, the XBB variant demonstrated an estimated relative 28% weekly growth advantage compared with others. Numerous variants were resistant to the over-the-counter vaccines and breakthrough infections were reported. Similarly, the efficacy of mAB-based therapy appeared limited. However, it's important to underscore the perceived benefits of these preventive and therapeutic measures were restricted to specific variants. Conclusion Given the observed trends, a comprehensive next-gen vaccine coupled with an advanced vaccination strategy could be a potential panacea in the fight against the pandemic. The findings suggest that targeted vaccine development could be an effective strategy to prevent infections. The study also highlights the need of global collaborations to rapidly develop and distribute the vaccines to ensure global human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus‐11KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Francesco Branda
- Department of Computer Science, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES)University of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohapatra RK, Kandi V, Seidel V, Rabaan AA. Editorial: Re-emergence of neglected tropical diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiology, transmission, mitigation strategies, and recent advances in chemotherapy and vaccines. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265803. [PMID: 37795031 PMCID: PMC10545869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohapatra RK, Mahal A, Mishra S, Dash G, Tuglo LS, Kandi V. Current Surge of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants in China Could Be Threatening as the Asian Games 2023 Flags Off in September: Foolproof Cautionary Measures Are Suggested. Cureus 2023; 15:e45591. [PMID: 37868556 PMCID: PMC10587912 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite normalcy having almost returned in the lives of people throughout the world post-coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the danger still looms over the fears of development and propagation of a newer SARS-CoV-2 variant. The movement of people globally has reached the pre-pandemic level, and this augmentation increased surveillance regarding the emergence of lethal SARS-CoV-2 variants. International sports events are among the potential avenues where the virus could cause serious impact. Therefore, the organization of such events should be planned and executed meticulously to avoid viral transmission and minimize the health effects of infections on the sportspersons and the local people. Additionally, there could be dissemination of the infections to the native countries of the participants and visitors while they return to their homes. Through this editorial, we prompt caution to the organizers and the event-hosting nation's administration regarding the potential threat and suggest measures to avoid any medical emergencies related to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, IRQ
| | | | | | - Lawrence S Tuglo
- Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, GHA
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Satapathy BS, Pattnaik G, Sahoo RN, Pattanaik S, Sarangi AK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Rabaan AA, Mohanty A, Sah R, Mohapatra RK. COVID-19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way? Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1540. [PMID: 37670844 PMCID: PMC10475498 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, a critical aetiological agent of health concern stays till eternity after its discovery, so shall it be with the COVID-19 outbreak. It has transformed human life to a 'new normal' with huge tolls on the social, psychological, intellectual and financial spheres. Aim This perspective aimed to collate numerous reported COVID-19 vaccine-associated adverse events and the predisposing factors. It focussed on the efficacy of mix-n-match (cocktail) vaccines to effectively counter COVID-19 infection to facilitate future research and possible interventions. Material and Methods Databases like Scopus, Pubmed and the Web-of-science were searched for published literature on 'adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccine'. The reports and updates from health agencies like the WHO and CDC were also considered for the purpose. The details with respect to the adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccination and the predisposing factors were compiled to obtain insights and suggest possible future directions in vaccine research. Results India stood strong to manage its health resources in time and turned into a dominant global vaccine supplier at a time when healthcare infrastructure of many countries was still significantly challenged. Developing indigenous vaccines and the vaccination drive in India were its major achievements during the second and the subsequent COVID-19 waves. The fully indigenous Covaxin vaccine, primarily as an emergency intervention, was successfully rapidly launched. Similar such vaccines for emergency use were developed elsewhere as well. However, all of these reached the marketplace with a 'emergency use only' tag, without formal clinical trials and other associated formalities to validate and verify them as these would require much longer incubation time before they are available for human use. Discussion Many adverse events associated with either the first or the second/booster vaccination doses were reported. Evidently, these associated adverse events were considered as 'usually rare' or were often underreported. Without the additional financial or ethical burden on the vaccine companies, fortunately, the Phase IV (human) clinical trials of their manufactured vaccines are occurring by default as the human population receives these under the tag 'emergency use'. Thus, focused and collaborative strategies to unveil the molecular mechanisms in vaccine-related adverse events in a time-bound manner are suggested. Conclusion Reliable data particularly on the safety of children is lacking as majority of the current over-the-counter COVID-19 vaccines were for emergency use. Many of these were still in their Phase III and Phase IV trials. The need for a mutant-proof, next-gen COVID-19 vaccine in the face of vaccine-associated adverse events is opined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhabani Sankar Satapathy
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementAlluri NagarOdishaIndia
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Sovan Pattanaik
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of ChemistryCenturion University of Technology and ManagementAlluri NagarOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyCampus‐11, KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of MicrobiologyTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
- Department of MicrobiologyDr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bade JD, Veeramalla V, Naidu MBR, Lalitha DL, Ponnada SC, Kandi V. Serum Activities of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in Predicting Liver Damage Among Patients Diagnosed With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46234. [PMID: 37908943 PMCID: PMC10613574 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and unless diagnosed timely has limited options for treatment. Paraoxonase (PON) is a glycosylated protein that has been implicated in antioxidant and other biochemical functions. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an esterase associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The present study was carried out to assess the PON1 activity and compare it with the standard liver function tests (LFTs) in assessing the predictability of liver damage among patients diagnosed with HCC. Methods This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry attached to Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh. Serum PON1 activities and LFTs like total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin were estimated in 30 patients diagnosed with HCC and 30 healthy persons. All the parameters were estimated using standard biochemical methods. The data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc). A probability (p) value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the area under the curve (AUC) for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficiency. Results The serum activities of PON1 had identical sensitivity (70%) to albumin (70%) and were superior to other tested parameters. Additionally, PON1 activities showed lower specificity (86.67%) than the other tested parameters. ROC analysis showed increased diagnostic efficacy (DE) of PON1 (DE=78.3%; p<0.0001) when compared with total bilirubin (DE=76.6%; p=0.0039), direct bilirubin (DE=74.9%; p=0.04), ALT (DE=73.30%; p=0.0006), and total protein (DE=71.6%; p=0.0005). However, the DE of PON1 was comparable with AST (DE=81.60%; p<0.0001), ALP (DE=79.9%; p<0.0001), and albumin (DE=83.30%, p<0.0001). Conclusions Serum activities of PON1 could be used as a diagnostic marker for assessing liver damage among HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotchna D Bade
- Biochemistry, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, IND
| | | | | | - Danturty L Lalitha
- Biochemistry, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, IND
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Desai DN, Mahal A, Varshney R, Obaidullah AJ, Gupta B, Mohanty P, Pattnaik P, Mohapatra NC, Mishra S, Kandi V, Rabaan AA, Mohapatra RK. Nanoadjuvants: Promising Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches in Vaccine Innovation. ACS Omega 2023; 8:27953-27968. [PMID: 37576639 PMCID: PMC10413842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are the important part of vaccine manufacturing as they elicit the vaccination effect and enhance the durability of the immune response through controlled release. In light of this, nanoadjuvants have shown unique broad spectrum advantages. As nanoparticles (NPs) based vaccines are fast-acting and better in terms of safety and usability parameters as compared to traditional vaccines, they have attracted the attention of researchers. A vaccine nanocarrier is another interesting and promising area for the development of next-generation vaccines for prophylaxis. This review looks at the various nanoadjuvants and their structure-function relationships. It compiles the state-of-art literature on numerous nanoadjuvants to help domain researchers orient their understanding and extend their endeavors in vaccines research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv N. Desai
- Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department
of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University−Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, Banaras
Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, India
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pratikhya Mohanty
- Bioenergy
Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT
Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Snehasish Mishra
- Bioenergy
Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT
Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department
of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical
Sciences, Karimnagar 505 417, Telangana, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular
Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco
Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College
of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Public Health and Nutrition, The University
of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohapatra RK, Kutikuppala LVS, Kandi V, Mishra S, Rabaan AA, Costa S, Al‐qaim ZH, Padhi BK, Sah R. Rift valley fever (RVF) viral zoonotic disease steadily circulates in the Mauritanian animals and humans: A narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1384. [PMID: 37404448 PMCID: PMC10315559 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Rift valley fever (RVF) virus (RVFV) is reportedly steadily circulating in Mauritania being repeated in 1987, 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2020. Mauritania seems a preferred niche for RVF virus due to its persistent outbreak there. Lately, nine Mauritanian wilayas confirmed 47 (23 fatalities with 49% CFR) human cases between August 30 and October 17, 2022. Most of the cases were largely among livestock breeders associated with animal husbandry activities. The review aimed at understanding the origin, cause, and measures to counter the virus. Methods The facts and figures from the various published articles sourced from databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Scopus as also some primary data from health agencies like WHO, CDC, and so forth were evaluated and the efficacy of countermeasures reviewed. Results Among the reported confirmed cases, it was found that 3-70 year age-group males outnumbered the females. Deaths after fever occurred primarily due to acute hemorrhagic thrombocytopenia. Human infections often occurred through zoonotic transmission mainly through mosquitoes in the population contiguous to cattle outbreak, a conducive site for local RVFV transmission. Many transmission cases were through direct or indirect contact with blood or organs of the infected animal. Conclusion RVFV infection was predominant in the Mauritanian regions bordering Mali, Senegal, and Algeria. High human and domesticated animal density as also the existing zoonotic vectors further contributed to RVF virus circulation. Mauritanian RVF infection data confirmed that RVFV was zoonotic that included small ruminants, cattle, and camel. This observation hints at the role of transborder animal mobility in RVFV transmission. In light of this, preventive approaches with effective surveillance and monitoring system following the One Health model is extremely beneficial for a free and fair healthy world for all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus‐11, KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | - Sharo Costa
- College of Osteopathic MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Bijaya K. Padhi
- Department of Community MedicineSchool of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneMaharashtraIndia
- Department of Public Health DentistryDr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneMaharashtraIndia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suvvari TK, Kandula VDK, Kandi V, Thomas V. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas13a: Future Hope to Tackle Anti-Microbial Resistance. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231178623. [PMID: 37346051 PMCID: PMC10280507 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231178623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima
Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Vimal Thomas
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi,
Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kandi V. All That Glitters Is Not Gold: The Indian Healthcare System. Cureus 2023; 15:e39892. [PMID: 37404411 PMCID: PMC10315252 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare is the most essential requirement for a better quality of life. Governments throughout the world ensure the establishment of improved healthcare systems that are on par with global healthcare systems for people, irrespective of their socioeconomic situation. It is crucial to understand the status of healthcare establishments existing in a country. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed an imminent challenge concerning the quality of healthcare in various countries throughout the world. There were different types of problems faced by most nations irrespective of their socioeconomic status and financial capabilities. India also struggled to cope with the initial times of the COVID-19 pandemic wherein the hospitals were overwhelmed with patients and limited infrastructural capabilities, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. The greatest achievement of the Indian healthcare system was to increase access to healthcare by encouraging private players and boosting public-private partnerships to deliver better healthcare to people. Moreover, the Indian government ensured healthcare access to people from rural areas by establishing teaching hospitals. However, the major drawback in the Indian healthcare system appears to be illiteracy among people and exploitation by healthcare stakeholders that include physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, and capitalists, including hospital management and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, like two sides to a coin, the Indian healthcare system has both pros and cons. The limitations in the healthcare system need to be addressed to improve the quality of healthcare provided to people in general and especially during disease outbreaks similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vadakedath S, Kandi V, Ca J, Vijayan S, Achyut KC, Uppuluri S, Reddy PKK, Ramesh M, Kumar PP. Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid (mtDNA), Maternal Inheritance, and Their Role in the Development of Cancers: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e39812. [PMID: 37397663 PMCID: PMC10314188 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA inherited from the mother during fertilization. Evolutionary evidence supported by the endosymbiotic theory identifies mitochondria as an organelle that could have descended from prokaryotes. This may be the reason for the independent function and inheritance pattern shown by mtDNA. The unstable nature of mtDNA due to the lack of protective histones, and effective repair systems make it more vulnerable to mutations. The mtDNA and its mutations could be maternally inherited thereby predisposing the offspring to various cancers like breast and ovarian cancers among others. Although mitochondria are considered heteroplasmic wherein variations among the multiple mtDNA genomes are noticed, mothers can have mitochondrial populations that are homoplasmic for a given mitochondrial mutation. Homoplasmic mitochondrial mutations may be transmitted to all maternal offspring. However, due to the complex interplay between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, it is often difficult to predict disease outcomes, even with homoplasmic mitochondrial populations. Heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations can be maternally inherited, but the proportion of mutated alleles differs markedly between offspring within one generation. This led to the genetic bottleneck hypothesis, explaining the rapid changes in allele frequency witnessed during the transmission of mtDNA from one generation to the next. Although a physical reduction in mtDNA has been demonstrated in several species, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms is yet to be demonstrated. Despite initially thought to be limited to the germline, there is evidence that blockages exist in different cell types during development, perhaps explaining why different tissues in the same organism contain different levels of mutated mtDNA. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the potential mechanisms through which mtDNA undergoes mutations and the maternal mode of transmission that contributes to the development of tumors, especially breast and ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Swapna Vijayan
- Pediatrics, Sir CV Raman General Hospital, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Kushal C Achyut
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Shivani Uppuluri
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Praveen Kumar K Reddy
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Monish Ramesh
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - P Pavan Kumar
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murthy PM, Ca J, Kandi V, Reddy MK, Harikrishna GV, Reddy K, Jp R, Reddy AN, Narang J. Connecting the Dots: The Interplay Between Stroke and the Gut-Brain Axis. Cureus 2023; 15:e37324. [PMID: 37182027 PMCID: PMC10168015 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the interplay between the gut-brain axis and stroke, a multifaceted neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the central nervous system (CNS) to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including the enteric nervous system (ENS), vagus nerve, and gut microbiota. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, alterations in the ENS and vagus nerve, and gut motility changes have been linked to increased inflammation and oxidative stress, which are contributing factors in the development and progression of stroke. Research on animals has shown that modifying the gut microbiota can impact the results of a stroke. Germ-free mice displayed improved neurological function and decreased infarct volumes, indicating a positive effect. Furthermore, studies in stroke patients have shown alterations in the gut microbiota composition, indicating that targeting dysbiosis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for stroke. The review suggests that targeting the gut-brain axis may represent a potential therapeutic approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja M Murthy
- Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Mithun K Reddy
- Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Kavitha Reddy
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Ramya Jp
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Ankush N Reddy
- General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Jigya Narang
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reddy MK, CA J, Kandi V, Murthy PM, Harikrishna GV, Reddy S, GR M, Sam K, Challa ST. Exploring the Correlation Between Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infections and Neurological Manifestations: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e36936. [PMID: 37139284 PMCID: PMC10151103 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), particularly the H3N2 variant, is known to cause respiratory manifestations, but it can also lead to neurological complications ranging from mild symptoms like headache and dizziness to severe conditions such as encephalitis and acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). In this article, the correlation between the H3N2 variant of the IAV and neurological manifestations is discussed. Additionally, prompt recognition and treatment of influenza-associated neurological manifestations are highlighted to prevent infection-related long-term complications. This review briefly discusses various neurological complications linked to IAV infections, such as encephalitis, febrile convulsions, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and the potential mechanisms involved in the development of neurological complications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dash R, Sahoo RN, Pattnaik G, Sarangi AK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Verma S, Mohapatra RK. An open call for nano-based therapy to address COVID-19 and oncological clinical conditions. Int J Surg 2023; 110:01279778-990000000-00201. [PMID: 36974677 PMCID: PMC11020012 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmita Dash
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
| | - Rudra N. Sahoo
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Balangir, Odisha
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT (Deemed-to-be-University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Sarika Verma
- Academy of Council Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohapatra RK, Kutikuppala LVS, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Sahoo RN, Mishra S. Deadly Sudan virus reemerges in Uganda after 10 years - a potential public health threat in the COVID-19 era: a situational analysis. Int J Surg 2023:01279778-990000000-00202. [PMID: 36974711 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Rudra N Sahoo
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, R. Sitapur
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Tuglo LS, Kutikuppala LVS, Mohapatra PK, Kandi V, Panda SK, Desai DN. Need of Monkeypox animal vaccine and its global distribution: right time to address? Int J Surg 2023:01279778-990000000-00210. [PMID: 36974743 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University
| | - Lawrence S Tuglo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Lakshmi V S Kutikuppala
- Department of General Surgery, Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
| | - Pranab K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, CV Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Subrat K Panda
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University
| | - Dhruv N Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mohapatra RK, Kutikuppala LVS, Seidel V, Ansari A, Mishra S, Kandi V. The emergence of the circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in multiple countries requires active surveillance: current scenario and counteracting strategies. Int J Surg 2023:01279778-990000000-00203. [PMID: 36974692 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha
| | | | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohapatra RK, Verma S, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Seidel V, Das SN, Behera A, Tuli HS, Sharma AK, Dhama K. The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and its Multiple Sub‐lineages: Transmissibility, Vaccine Development, Antiviral Drugs, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Strategies for Infection Control – a Review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry Government College of Engineering Keonjhar 758002 Odisha India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute Bhopal MP 462026 India
- Academy of council Scientific and Industrial Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Hoshangabad Road Bhopal (M.P) 462026 India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar 505417 Telangana India
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and Management Odisha India
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow G4 0RE United Kingdom
| | - Subrata Narayan Das
- Department of Mining Engineering Government College of Engineering Keonjhar 758002 Odisha India
| | - Ajit Behera
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology Maharishi MarkandeshwarEngineering College Maharishi MarkandeshwarDeemed to be University, Mullana Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Ashwani K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Government Digvijay (Autonomous) Post-Graduate College Rajnandgaon (C.G. India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bareilly
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohapatra RK, Padhi BK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Rabaan AA, Mohanty A, Sah R. Camel virus (MERS) reported from Qatar: a threat to the FIFA-2022 and Middle East. QJM 2023; 116:150-152. [PMID: 36469349 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R K Mohapatra
- From the Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758 002, Odisha, India
| | - B K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - V Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar 505 417, Telangana, India
| | - S Mishra
- Department of Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - A A Rabaan
- Laboratory Services Department, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - A Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, India
| | - R Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Global Health and Clinical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Suvvari TK, Kandi V, Mohapatra RK, Chopra H, Islam MA, Dhama K. The re-emergence of measles is posing an imminent global threat owing to decline in its vaccination rates amid COVID-19 pandemic: a special focus on recent outbreak in India - a call for massive vaccination drive to be enhanced at global level. Int J Surg 2023; 109:198-200. [PMID: 36799851 PMCID: PMC10389501 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpur, Punjab
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kandi V, Vadakedath S. Clinical Trials and Clinical Research: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e35077. [PMID: 36938261 PMCID: PMC10023071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical research is an alternative terminology used to describe medical research. Clinical research involves people, and it is generally carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic drug, a medical/surgical procedure, or a device as a part of treatment and patient management. Moreover, any research that evaluates the aspects of a disease like the symptoms, risk factors, and pathophysiology, among others may be termed clinical research. However, clinical trials are those studies that assess the potential of a therapeutic drug/device in the management, control, and prevention of disease. In view of the increasing incidences of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, and especially after the effects that Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) had on public health worldwide, the emphasis on clinical research assumes extremely essential. The knowledge of clinical research will facilitate the discovery of drugs, devices, and vaccines, thereby improving preparedness during public health emergencies. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively describe the critical elements of clinical research that include clinical trial phases, types, and designs of clinical trials, operations of trial, audit, and management, and ethical concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Kandi V. Clinical Research: A Review of Study Designs, Hypotheses, Errors, Sampling Types, Ethics, and Informed Consent. Cureus 2023; 15:e33374. [PMID: 36751199 PMCID: PMC9898800 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have been noticing an increase in the emergence and re-emergence of microbial infectious diseases. In the previous 100 years, there were several incidences of pandemics caused by different microbial species like the influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 that were responsible for severe morbidity and mortality among humans. Moreover, non-communicable diseases, including malignancies, diabetes, heart, liver, kidney, and lung diseases, have been on the rise. The medical fraternity, people, and governments all need to improve their preparedness to effectively tackle health emergencies. Clinical research, therefore, assumes increased significance in the current world and may potentially be applied to manage human health-related problems. In the current review, we describe the critical aspects of clinical research that include research designs, types of study hypotheses, errors, types of sampling, ethical concerns, and informed consent.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mohapatra RK, Mahal A, Kutikuppala LVS, Pal M, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Obaidullah AJ, Mishra S. Renewed global threat by the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants ‘XBB, BF.7, BQ.1, BA.2.75, BA.4.6’: A discussion. Front Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.1077155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
33
|
Kutikuppala LVS, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Mishra S, Mohapatra RK. COVID-19 Era and the Constantly Reemerging Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants Calls for Special Attention for the Geriatrics: A Real Challenge. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7060143. [PMID: 36547279 PMCID: PMC9778067 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global public health is significantly challenged due to the continuing COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak brought forth by the severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar 505417, Telangana, India
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (R.K.M.)
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Balangir Campus, Parlakhemundi 767001, Odisha, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (R.K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Bagali S, Karigoudar R, Wavare DS, P J, Kandi V, Suvvari TK, Mittal RJ, Jadhav M. Breakthrough Infections: Clinical Profile and Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People From a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus 2022; 14:e32089. [PMID: 36601158 PMCID: PMC9803927 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the availability of a vaccine and extensive vaccination, breakthrough infections are commonly noted, which is jeopardizing the vaccine-based protection against COVID-19. The present study aims to evaluate COVID-19 breakthrough infections and to compare the clinical profile and outcomes of the vaccinated and unvaccinated populations. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted for two months (March-April 2021), and all cases reported during the study period were included in the study. Socio-demographic details, COVID-19 profiles, clinical outcomes, vaccination statuses, and types of vaccine were collected from the patients. Further, COVID-19-positive samples were screened for lineages using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results Of the total 103 patients included in the study, 79 (76.7%) were symptomatic and 24 (23.3%) were asymptomatic. Only 32% were vaccinated and 68% were unvaccinated. 29.2% were hospitalized due to COVID-19 and all of them were unvaccinated. The mortality among hospitalized patients was extremely high (60%). The time to positivity after complete vaccination was noted to be 37.09±23.74 days. The unvaccinated study participants showed lower Cycle threshold (Ct) values (E Gene/N Gene: 17.38±4.53) as compared to the vaccinated people (E Gene/N Gene: 22±4.25). The Delta (B. 1.1. 629) (76.7%) was the predominant variant among the study population followed by AY.4 (20.4%) and Kappa (2.9%) variants. Conclusion Although the vaccination does not restrict/avoid infection, it appears to protect the vaccinated people from severe forms of COVID-19. Also, the higher Ct values among vaccinated people indicate that the viral load among such people may be lower and, therefore, minimizes viral transmission.
Collapse
|
35
|
Mohapatra RK, El-Shall NA, Tiwari R, Nainu F, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Mohammed TA, Desingu PA, Chakraborty C, Dhama K. Need of booster vaccine doses to counteract the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of the Omicron variant and increasing COVID-19 cases: An update. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2065824. [PMID: 35594528 PMCID: PMC9897647 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2065824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in November 2021, has resulted in a continuous major health concern at a global scale. Presently, the Omicron variant has spread very rapidly worldwide within a short time period. As the most mutated variant of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron has instilled serious uncertainties on the effectiveness of humoral adaptive immunity generated by COVID-19 vaccination or an active viral infection as well as the protection provided by antibody-based immunotherapies. Amidst such high public health concerns, the need to carry out booster vaccination has been emphasized. Current evidence reveals the importance of incorporating booster vaccination using several vaccine platforms, such as viral vector- and mRNA-based vaccines, as well as other platforms that are under explorative investigations. Further research is being conducted to assess the effectiveness and durability of protection provided by booster COVID-19 vaccination against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit DeenDayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Balangir, India
| | | | | | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Kudrat-E-Zahan M, Ali MS, Sahoo RN, Alam N, Pattnaik G, Dhama K. Emerging monkeypox cases amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian subcontinent: A probable healthcare challenge for South East Asia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1066425. [PMID: 36504935 PMCID: PMC9732369 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1066425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India,*Correspondence: Ranjan K. Mohapatra
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Md. Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India,Kuldeep Dhama
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mohapatra RK, Mahal A, Kandi V, Kutikuppala LVS, Sarangi AK, Mishra S. Emerging pneumonia-like illness “legionellosis” in Argentina in the COVID-19 era: Cause to panic? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1063237. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1063237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
38
|
Mohapatra RK, Kutikuppala LS, Kudrat-E-Zahan M, Mishra S, Verma S, Kandi V, Chowdhary R. Resurging dengue cases among the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh amid COVID-19 pandemic: A SouthEast Asia healthcare concern. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
39
|
Mohapatra RK, Kandi V, Seidel V, Sarangi AK, Mishra S, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Dhama K. Monkeypox lineages amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: A global public health concern - Correspondence. Int J Surg 2022; 107:106968. [PMID: 36330989 PMCID: PMC9617653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, 505417, Telangana, India Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, 36342, Saudi Arabia College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 33048, Saudi Arabia Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kandi V, Moses VK. Taeniasis Presenting as Motile Worms in the Stools: An Emerging but Neglected Parasitic Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e30066. [PMID: 36381783 PMCID: PMC9639431 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many parasitic infections essentially pose a significant public health problem throughout the world. However, the consequence of the issue is felt more among developing countries like India. This is majorly due to unsatisfactory hygienic practices and overcrowding, among others. Moreover, taeniasis caused by the parasites Taenia solium and Taenia saginata is a zoonotic infection transmitted via pigs and cattle, respectively. Even though the animals are the primary hosts where the parasite lives, humans also can suffer from infestation after consuming the eggs in contaminated food and water. Interestingly, there is a lower level of awareness regarding such types of Taenia infections in humans. On the contrary, most physicians and some people know that parasite transmission generally happens from the consumption of raw/undercooked pork and beef, which may result in a more serious consequence like neurocysticercosis. However, Taenia infestation in the intestines equally affects humans where people become reservoirs of infection, and suffer from severe morbidity. We present a case of worm infestation in a teenage girl who presented with severe peri-anal itching and motile worms in the stools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Vinay Kumar Moses
- Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Adilabad, IND
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nikitha S, Kondraganti N, Kandi V. Total Dystrophic Onychomycosis of All the Nails Caused by Non-dermatophyte Fungal Species: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e29765. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
42
|
Purna singh A, Shahapur PR, Vadakedath S, Bharadwaj VG, Kumar DP, Pinnelli VB, Godishala V, Kandi V. Research Question, Objectives, and Endpoints in Clinical and Oncological Research: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29575. [PMID: 36312658 PMCID: PMC9595265 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical research is a systematic process of conducting research work to find solutions for human health-related problems. It is applied to understand the disease process and assist in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Currently, we are experiencing global unrest caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the deaths of more than 50 million people worldwide. Also, it has resulted in severe morbidity among the affected population. The cause of such a huge amount of influence on human health by the pandemic was the unavailability of drugs and therapeutic interventions to treat and manage the disease. Cancer is a disease condition wherein the normal cell function is deranged, and the cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner. Based on recent reports by the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Moreover, the rates of cancers have shown an increasing trend in the past decade. Therefore, it is essential to improve the understanding concerning clinical research to address the health concerns of humans. In this review, we comprehensively discuss critical aspects of clinical research that include the research question, research objectives, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, and endpoints in clinical and oncological research.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Ansari A, Pattnaik G, Dhama K. Deadly endemic zoonotic disease Ebola re-emerges in the democratic Republic of Congo amid the ongoing COVID-19: are we prepared from lessons learnt? - Correspondence. Int J Surg 2022; 106:106945. [PMID: 36155258 PMCID: PMC9494864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India.
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, 505417, Telangana, India
| | - Ashish K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Ansari A, Chakraborty C, Biswal SK, Dhama K. Monkeypox plays a similar role like SARS-CoV-2; intensive animal screening is crucial after the first human-to-dog transmission report - Correspondence. Int J Surg 2022; 106:106925. [PMID: 36122835 PMCID: PMC9482086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758 002, Odisha, India.
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus 11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, 751 024, Odisha, India.
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, 505 417, Telangana, India
| | - Ashish K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mohapatra RK, Sarangi AK, Kandi V, Chakraborty S, Chandran D, Alagawany M, Chakraborty C, Dhama K. Recent re-emergence of Marburg virus disease in an African country Ghana after Guinea amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: Another global threat? Current knowledge and strategies to tackle this highly deadly disease having feasible pandemic potential. Int J Surg 2022; 106:106863. [PMID: 36087848 PMCID: PMC9451927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India.
| | - Ashish K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, 505417, Telangana, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura, 799008, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jabeen A, Rahman Amberina A, Gayathri V, Dinesh Eshwar M, Dodda S, Begum GS, Vadakedath S, Kandi V. Assessment of Breastfeeding, Weaning, and Complementary Feeding Practices Among Women Attending a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India. Cureus 2022; 14:e28791. [PMID: 36225494 PMCID: PMC9534529 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infants depend exclusively on mothers’ milk for nutrition in their early months of life. However, some infants are given cow/buffalo milk during insufficiency. After six months, the children are supplemented with complementary food, including solid food, to meet the nutritional requirements of a growing infant, a process known as weaning. Therefore, it is important for mothers to have a clear understanding of the nature of food, and the nutritional requirements of the children. This study aimed to understand the knowledge, awareness, and practice of breastfeeding, weaning, and complementary feeding among women. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study was carried out between May and June 2021. The study included 150 women attending the outpatient department of pediatrics attached to Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Vikarabad, Telangana, India. After taking the informed consent, the researcher filled out a pre-validated questionnaire based on the subjects' responses. The data regarding socio-demographic details and information regarding knowledge, timing, practices of weaning, knowledge of nutritional requirements, and child feeding practices were collected as a pre-test. An educational briefing of the essentials of child feeding practices, weaning, and dietary requirements was undertaken using chalk and board and audio-visual aids, among others. In the post-test, the knowledge of mothers regarding weaning practices, the importance of weaning, and understanding of the nutritional requirements and their inclusion in a child’s diet was assessed. The quantitative data were represented as percentages. The Chi-square test was applied to find out the statistical significance of the results obtained from the study. Results Of the 150 women who participated in the study, the majority belonged to the age group of 18-23 years (66.7%). Most women were illiterate (34%) and only 12% were graduates. More than 70% of the participants belonged to the middle and lower middle class. The majority of participants (96.7%) had carried out exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and 63.35% of mothers had initiated weaning their child between the age of 6-12 months. Only 37.4% of mothers started breastfeeding within hours after the delivery. A combination of all foods (36%), rice/wheat (29%), processed food (18.8%), fruits and vegetables (9.2%), and pulses (6.7%) were chosen for weaning. Many felt that eggs and meat supplementation can be done between 12-18 months. Conclusion The knowledge of breastfeeding and best practices of weaning and complementary feeding habits significantly affects the child’s growth and overall health. The women in this study had a moderate level of understanding regarding the aspects of breastfeeding, weaning practices, and complementary dietary requirements during weaning.
Collapse
|
47
|
Jabeen A, Yamini V, Rahman Amberina A, Dinesh Eshwar M, Vadakedath S, Begum GS, Kandi V. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Prevalence, Predisposing Factors, and Awareness Among Adolescent and Young Girls of South India. Cureus 2022; 14:e27943. [PMID: 36120281 PMCID: PMC9464521 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
48
|
Mohapatra RK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Sarangi AK, Pradhan MK, Mohapatra PK, Behera A, Dhama K. Emerging novel sub-lineage BA.2.75: The next dominant omicron variant? Int J Surg 2022; 104:106835. [PMID: 35963574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India.
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, 505417, Telangana, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Ashish K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Behera
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shahapur PR, Shahapur R, Kandi V, Suvvari TK, Vadakedath S. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients and Their Clinical Outcomes During the Third Wave in India: A Single-Center Observational Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e26807. [PMID: 35971342 PMCID: PMC9373877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from the Chinese mainland has spread throughout the world affecting the normal lives of the people. Both developed and developing nations have been equally affected and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulted in the death of millions of people worldwide. The virus is undergoing mutations and is evolving into variants that are responsible for wave after wave. This study was carried out to assess the clinical outcomes of people infected with the novel virus during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods The study was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022 and included 100 consecutive patients attending the hospital attached to the BLDE (Deemed to be University) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, South India. All patients included in the study returned a positive report in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patient details collected included age, sex, cycle threshold (Ct) values for envelope (E)/nucleocapsid (N), and Orf1b (open reading frame 1b) genes, hospitalization status, vaccine status, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and final clinical outcome. The data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel sheets, and statistical inferences were drawn using SPSS 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Of the 100 patients included in the study, only 14 (14%) patients were vaccinated. The patient's mean age was 34.22±17.50. Among the vaccinated patients, the majority had taken COVISHIELD™ (85.71%) compared to COVAXIN® (14.29%). Only 14% of patients were symptomatic, and the mean Ct values among all the patients were 29.92±3.74 (E gene/N gene) and 27.6±4.78 (Orf1B gene). Eight (8%) patients were hospitalized, and all the patients recovered from the infection. Among the hospitalized patients, six (75%) were vaccinated. The mean age of the hospitalized patients was 43.8±14.25 years. The mean CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 concentrations among the hospitalized patients were noted to be 22.375±16.58 mg/L, 654.325±577.24 ng/mL, and 5.075±2.15 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The study results demonstrate that despite unvaccinated status, most patients in the third wave had only suffered from asymptomatic infection. Moreover, people who developed a clinical infection and those who required hospitalization had an uneventful recovery irrespective of their vaccination status.
Collapse
|
50
|
Bethineedi LD, Kutikuppala LVS, Kandi V. Monkeypox Epidemic: A Throwback From Smallpox Eradication. Cureus 2022; 14:e26577. [PMID: 35936131 PMCID: PMC9351820 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of microbial diseases has become a major concern for humans. In the recent past, we have noticed the emergence and re-emergence of several microbes that include coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus {SARS-CoV}, Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus {MERS-CoV}, SARS-CoV-2), and others like Zika virus, Nipah virus, Influenza virus, and Ebola virus. These microbes have been noted to spill over from animals into humans. Several such microbes which were previously restricted to wild animals are now becoming responsible for infections in humans and have spread across the borders and resulted in pandemics. It has been more than two years since the discovery of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and we are still struggling to cope-up with it and live normal lives. Recently, the monkeypox virus, which was confined to West and Central African countries, and caused endemic infections in monkeys and humans was associated with human infections in non-endemic regions like the United States of America (USA) and more than 30 other countries. Therefore, in this editorial, we attempt to put the spotlight on the monkeypox virus that is currently threatening to cause another widespread pandemic.
Collapse
|