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Su Q, Chen Y, He H. Molecular evolution of Toll-like receptors in rodents. Integr Zool 2024; 19:371-386. [PMID: 37403417 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the key sensor molecules in vertebrates, trigger the innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune system. The TLR family of rodents, the largest order of mammals, typically contains 13 TLR genes. However, a clear picture of the evolution of the rodent TLR family has not yet emerged and the TLR evolutionary patterns are unclear in rodent clades. Here, we analyzed the natural variation and the evolutionary processes acting on the TLR family in rodents at both the interspecific and population levels. Our results showed that rodent TLRs were dominated by purifying selection, but a series of positively selected sites (PSSs) primarily located in the ligand-binding domain was also identified. The numbers of PSSs differed among TLRs, and nonviral-sensing TLRs had more PSSs than those in viral-sensing TLRs. Gene-conversion events were found between TLR1 and TLR6 in most rodent species. Population genetic analyses showed that TLR2, TLR8, and TLR12 were under positive selection in Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, whereas positive selection also acted on TLR5 and TLR9 in the former species, as well as TLR1 and TLR7 in the latter species. Moreover, we found that the proportion of polymorphisms with potentially functional change was much lower in viral-sensing TLRs than in nonviral-sensing TLRs in both of these rat species. Our findings revealed the first thorough insight into the evolution of the rodent TLR genetic variability and provided important novel insights into the evolutionary history of TLRs over long and short timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Ray D, Sheldon EL, Zimmer C, Martin LB, Schrey AW. Screening H3 Histone Acetylation in a Wild Bird, the House Sparrow ( Passer Domesticus). Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae004. [PMID: 38516554 PMCID: PMC10956398 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly understood to have major impacts across ecology. However, one molecular epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation, currently dominates the literature. A second mechanism, histone modification, is likely important to ecologically relevant phenotypes and thus warrants investigation, especially because molecular interplay between methylation and histone acetylation can strongly affect gene expression. There are a limited number of histone acetylation studies on non-model organisms, yet those that exist show that it can impact gene expression and phenotypic plasticity. Wild birds provide an excellent system to investigate histone acetylation, as free-living individuals must rapidly adjust to environmental change. Here, we screen histone acetylation in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus); we studied this species because DNA methylation was important in the spread of this bird globally. This species has one of the broadest geographic distributions in the world, and part of this success is related to the way that it uses methylation to regulate its gene expression. Here, we verify that a commercially available assay that was developed for mammals can be used in house sparrows. We detected high variance in histone acetylation among individuals in both liver and spleen tissue. Further, house sparrows with higher epigenetic potential in the Toll Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) promoter (i.e., CpG content) had higher histone acetylation in liver. Also, there was a negative correlation between histone acetylation in spleen and TLR-4 expression. In addition to validating a method for measuring histone acetylation in wild songbirds, this study also shows that histone acetylation is related to epigenetic potential and gene expression, adding a new study option for ecological epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ray
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA 31419, United States
| | - E L Sheldon
- USF Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center and USF Genomics Center, College of Public Health University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - C Zimmer
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée, LEEC, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UR 4443, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - L B Martin
- USF Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center and USF Genomics Center, College of Public Health University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - A W Schrey
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA 31419, United States
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Jeenkeawpieam J, Tantikositruj C, Kitpipit W, Thiptara A, Kayan A, Unjit K, Sintupachee S, Boonkaewwan C. Expression of toll-like receptor 4 and its associated cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Leghorn chickens. Vet World 2023; 16:1541-1545. [PMID: 37621534 PMCID: PMC10446709 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1541-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Immune cells require toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to respond to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used to assess changes in cytokines released in response to diseases or pathogens. This study aimed to assess TLR4 gene expression in PBMCs from Leghorn chicken and the release of related cytokines. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples obtained from Leghorn chicks. The PBMC cultures were stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (0.01-1 μg/ml). Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TLR4 expression. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We found that TLR4 was expressed in both non-stimulated and stimulated Leghorn chicken PBMCs. In addition, the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in Leghorn chicken PBMCs increased significantly with an increase in LPS concentration (0.01-1 μg/mL) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Although TLR4 was expressed in both non-stimulated and stimulated Leghorn chicken PBMCs, its expression was significantly higher in LPS-stimulated PBMCs Therefore, the chicken's endotoxin response can be assessed by evaluating the pro-inflammatory cytokine production from PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chananphat Tantikositruj
- Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Kitpipit
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Anyarat Thiptara
- Department of Livestock Development, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80110, Thailand
| | - Autchara Kayan
- Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittichai Unjit
- Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Siriluk Sintupachee
- Program in Creative Innovation in Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80280, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Boonkaewwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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Zhang C, Ding Y, Liu YF, Wang HB, Wang XJ, Wang SY, Sun ZY, Li DJ. The role of TLR4-mediated MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling and pIgR intestinal expression in chicks during Salmonella enteritidis infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 258:110563. [PMID: 36848772 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
To observe the effect of Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-induced inflammation on pIgR expression in jejunum and ileum. Salmonella enteritidis was orally administered to 7-day old Hyline chicks, which were killed after 1d,3d,7d and 14d. The mRNA expression of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF6,NF-κB, and pIgR was detected by real-time RT-PCR, and pIgR protein was detected by Western blotting. The TLR4 signaling pathway was activated, the mRNA expression of the pIgR in jejunum and ileum was increased, and pIgR protein in jejunum and ileum was up-regulated by SE. In SE-treated chicks,the pIgR in jejunum and ileum was up-regulated on mRNA,and protein level,associated with activation of the TRL4-mediated MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway, which identifies this as a novel pIgR-related pathway to TLR4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Ding
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y F Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, China
| | - X J Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Z Y Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - D J Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, China.
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Vlček J, Miláček M, Vinkler M, Štefka J. Effect of population size and selection on Toll-like receptor diversity in populations of Galápagos mockingbirds. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:109-120. [PMID: 36398499 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of evolutionary forces are difficult to analyse in free-living populations. However, when properly understood, they provide valuable insights into evolutionary biology and conservation genetics. This is particularly important for the interplay of genetic drift and natural selection in immune genes that confer resistance to disease. The Galápagos Islands are inhabited by four closely related species of mockingbirds (Mimus spp.). We used 12 different-sized populations of Galápagos mockingbirds and one population of their continental relative northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) to study the effects of genetic drift on the molecular evolution of immune genes, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs: TLR1B, TLR4 and TLR15). We found that neutral genetic diversity was positively correlated with island size, indicating an important effect of genetic drift. However, for TLR1B and TLR4, there was little correlation between functional (e.g., protein) diversity and island size, and protein structural properties were largely conserved, indicating only a limited effect of genetic drift on molecular phenotype. By contrast, TLR15 was less conserved and even its putative functional polymorphism correlated with island size. The patterns observed for the three genes suggest that genetic drift does not necessarily dominate selection even in relatively small populations, but that the final outcome depends on the degree of selection constraint that is specific for each TLR locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vlček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Charles University Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Miláček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Charles University Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Štefka
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Fathima S, Hakeem WGA, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK. Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101958. [PMID: 36296234 PMCID: PMC9610872 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type A and C are the primary etiological agents associated with necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. The predisposing factors implicated in the incidence of NE changes the physical properties of the gut, immunological status of birds, and disrupt the gut microbial homeostasis, causing an over-proliferation of C. perfringens. The principal virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis of NE are the α-toxin, β-toxin, and NetB toxin. The immune response to NE in poultry is mediated by the Th1 pathway or cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. C. perfringens type A and C are also pathogenic in humans, and hence are of public health significance. C. perfringens intoxications are the third most common bacterial foodborne disease after Salmonella and Campylobacter. The restrictions on the use of antibiotics led to an increased incidence of NE in poultry. Hence, it is essential to develop alternative strategies to keep the prevalence of NE under check. The control strategies rely principally on the positive modulation of host immune response, nutritional manipulation, and pathogen reduction. Current knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis, predisposing factors, immune response, effect on the gut microbial homeostasis, and preventative strategies of NE in this post-antibiotic era is addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence:
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Minias P, Vinkler M. Selection balancing at innate immune genes: adaptive polymorphism maintenance in Toll-like receptors. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6586215. [PMID: 35574644 PMCID: PMC9132207 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing selection is a classic mechanism for maintaining variability in immune genes involved in host–pathogen interactions. However, it remains unclear how widespread the mechanism is across immune genes other than the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although occasional reports suggest that balancing selection (heterozygote advantage, negative frequency-dependent selection, and fluctuating selection) may act on other immune genes, the current understanding of the phenomenon in non-MHC immune genes is far from solid. In this review, we focus on Toll-like receptors (TLRs), innate immune genes directly involved in pathogen recognition and immune response activation, as there is a growing body of research testing the assumptions of balancing selection in these genes. After reviewing infection- and fitness-based evidence, along with evidence based on population allelic frequencies and heterozygosity levels, we conclude that balancing selection maintains variation in TLRs, though it tends to occur under specific conditions in certain evolutionary lineages rather than being universal and ubiquitous. Our review also identifies key gaps in current knowledge and proposes promising areas for future research. Improving our understanding of host–pathogen interactions and balancing selection in innate immune genes are increasingly important, particularly regarding threats from emerging zoonotic diseases.
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Yuan L, Li M, Zhang Z, Li W, Jin W, Wang M. Camostat mesilate inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves cell viability by regulating MFGE8 and HMGN1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12053. [PMID: 34527443 PMCID: PMC8403478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Camostat mesilate (CM) possesses potential anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it remains unknown whether CM is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses and cell injury. In this project, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and Q value ≤ 0.05) in response to LPS stimulation alone or in combination with CM were identified through tandem mass tags (TMT)/mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. The mRNA expression levels of filtered genes were determined by RT-qPCR assay. The results showed that CM alleviated the detrimental effect of LPS on cell viability and inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretions in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. A total of 141 DEPs that might be involved in mediating functions of both LPS and CM were identified by proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. LPS inhibited milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8) expression and induced high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) expression, while these effects were abrogated by CM in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. MFGE8 knockdown facilitated TNF-α and IL-6 secretions , reduced cell viability, stimulated cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. HMGN1 loss did not influence TNF-α and IL-6 secretions, cell viability, and cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. In conclusion, CM exerted anti-inflammatory and pro-survival activities by regulating MFGE8 in LPS-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts, deepening our understanding of the roles and molecular basis of CM in protecting against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Longting District, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Henan Institute of Animal Health Supervision, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingfa Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Minias P, Drzewińska-Chańko J, Włodarczyk R. Evolution of innate and adaptive immune genes in a non-model waterbird, the common tern. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105069. [PMID: 34487864 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are the key pathogen-recognition genes of vertebrate immune system and they have a crucial role in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune response, respectively. Recent advancements in sequencing technology sparked research on highly duplicated MHC genes in non-model species, but TLR variation in natural vertebrate populations has remained little studied and comparisons of polymorphism across both TLRs and MHC are scarce. Here, we aimed to compare variation across innate (four TLR loci) and adaptive (MHC class I and class II) immune genes in a non-model avian species, the common tern Sterna hirundo. We detected relatively high allelic richness at TLR genes (9-48 alleles per locus), which was similar to or even higher than the estimated per locus allelic richness at the MHC (24-30 alleles at class I and 13-16 alleles at class II under uniform sample sizes). Despite this, the total number of MHC alleles across all duplicated loci (four class I and three class II) was much higher and MHC alleles showed greater sequence divergence than TLRs. Positive selection targeted relatively more sites at the MHC than TLRs, but the strength of selection (dN/dS ratios) at TLRs was higher when compared to MHC class I. There were also differences in the signature of positive selection and recombination (gene conversion) between MHC class I and II (stronger signature at class II), suggesting that mechanisms maintaining variation at the MHC may vary between both classes. Our study indicates that allelic richness of both innate and adaptive immune receptors may be maintained at relatively high levels in viable avian populations and we recommend a transition from the traditional gene-specific to multi-gene approach in studying molecular evolution of vertebrate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Minias
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Joanna Drzewińska-Chańko
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Radosław Włodarczyk
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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Rehman MSU, Rehman SU, Yousaf W, Hassan FU, Ahmad W, Liu Q, Pan H. The Potential of Toll-Like Receptors to Modulate Avian Immune System: Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants and Phytonutrients. Front Genet 2021; 12:671235. [PMID: 34512716 PMCID: PMC8427530 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors, and primitive sources of innate immune response that also play key roles in the defense mechanism against infectious diseases. About 10 different TLRs have been discovered in chicken that recognize ligands and participate in TLR signaling pathways. Research findings related to TLRs revealed new approaches to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system, patterns of resistance against diseases, and the role of TLR-specific pathways in nutrient metabolism in chicken. In particular, the uses of specific feed ingredients encourage molecular biologists to exploit the relationship between nutrients (including different phytochemicals) and TLRs to modulate immunity in chicken. Phytonutrients and prebiotics are noteworthy dietary components to promote immunity and the production of disease-resistant chicken. Supplementations of yeast-derived products have also been extensively studied to enhance innate immunity during the last decade. Such interventions pave the way to explore nutrigenomic approaches for healthy and profitable chicken production. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs have shown potential association with few disease outbreaks in chickens. This review aimed to provide insights into the key roles of TLRs in the immune response and discuss the potential applications of these TLRs for genomic and nutritional interventions to improve health, and resistance against different fatal diseases in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wasim Yousaf
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-ul Hassan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Molecular associations of gallinacin genes with immune response against Salmonella typhimurium in chickens. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Identification of Yak's TLR4 Alternative Spliceosomes and Bioinformatic Analysis of TLR4 Protein Structure and Function. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010032. [PMID: 33375267 PMCID: PMC7823342 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, yak’s TLR4 gene alternative spliceosomes were investigated using PCR amplification and cloning with an aim to improve disease-resistance in yaks and promote efficient utilization of yak’s resources. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of two alternatively spliced TLR4 transcripts in seven distinct yak tissues. To predict the function of proteins expressed by each TLR4 spliceosome, TLR4 protein structure and function were analyzed bioinformatically. Besides, two alternative spliceosomes of yak’s TLR4 gene were also identified, which were in line with predicted variants of the TLR4 gene in NCBI. These two alternative spliceosomes of the TLR4 gene were expressed in each tissue; however, the expression levels of these spliceosomes were significantly different in different tissue. We also observed that deletion of exon-2 in TLR4 affected the function of the corresponding protein. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for future studies on the role of two variants of yak’s TLR4 gene in disease resistance. Besides, data from this study could be analyzed further to explore the molecular mechanism associated with disease-resistance in the yak. Abstract In this study, the yak’s TLR4 gene alternative spliceosomes were investigated using PCR amplification and cloning to improve disease-resistance in yak and promote efficient utilization of yak’s resources. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of two alternatively spliced transcripts of the TLR4 gene in seven distinct tissues. To predict the function of proteins expressed by each TLR4 spliceosome, bioinformatic analysis of yak’s TLR4 protein structure and function was performed, which led to the identification of two alternative spliceosomes of yak’s TLR4 gene. The TLR4-X1 sequence length was 2526 bp, and it encoded full-length TLR4 protein (841 amino acids). The sequence length of the exon-2 deleted TLR4-X2 sequence was 1926 bp, and it encoded truncated TLR4 protein (641 amino acids). TLR4-X2 sequence was consistent with the predicted sequence of the TLR4 gene in GenBank. Each tissue showed significantly different expression levels of these two alternative spliceosomes. As per the bioinformatic analysis of the structure and function of TLR4 protein, deletion of exon-2 in the TLR4 gene resulted in frameshift mutations of the reading frame in the corresponding protein, which altered its ligand-binding and active sites. Besides, biological property such as substrate specificity of truncated TLR4 protein was also altered, leading to altered protein function. This study has laid a theoretical foundation for exploring the role of two variants of the TLR4 gene in yak’s disease resistance. Besides, this study’s data could be analyzed further to explore the molecular mechanism associated with disease-resistance in the yak.
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Han Y, Renu S, Schrock J, Acevedo-Villanuev KY, Lester B, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Temporal dynamics of innate and adaptive immune responses in broiler birds to oral delivered chitosan nanoparticle-based Salmonella subunit antigens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110111. [PMID: 32846353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) infection of poultry causes a significant risk to public health through contamination of meat and eggs. Current Salmonella vaccines have failed to provide strong mucosal immunity in the intestines to reduce Salmonella shedding and food contamination. Considering the short lifespan of broilers, an easy-to-deliver, safe and effective Salmonella vaccine is urgently needed. Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the ability of chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine delivery platform in activating immune response to Salmonella antigens in broilers inoculated orally. In an initial study, soluble whole antigen of SE entrapped in CNP was inoculated but the specific immune responses were poor. Therefore, the CNP entrapped immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA) of SE and surface conjugated with FLA [CNP-(OMP + FLA)] was developed. In broilers inoculated orally with CNP-(OMP + FLA) formulation once or twice, we monitored the temporal expression of innate immune molecules and antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation. In the cecal tonsils of CNP-(OMP + FLA) inoculated birds, we observed enhanced expression of mRNA coding Toll-like receptors (TLRs)- 1, 4, 5, and 7, especially at dpv 21. In addition, both OMP and FLA specific lymphocytes proliferation at dpv 7 and 21 by CNP-(OMP + FLA) were enhanced in the spleen. In conclusion, CNP-(OMP + FLA) formulation augmented both innate and lymphocyte responses in orally inoculated broilers. Further studies are needed to determine the candidate subunit CNP vaccine's efficacy in a challenge trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - S Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - J Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | | | - B Lester
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - R K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - G J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
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14
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Wang Y, Miao X, Li H, Su P, Lin L, Liu L, Li X. The correlated expression of immune and energy metabolism related genes in the response to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis inoculation in chicken. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:257. [PMID: 32711533 PMCID: PMC7382137 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is one of the food-borne pathogenic bacteria, which affects poultry production and poses severe threat to human health. The correlation of immune system and metabolism in chicken after SE inoculation is important but not clear. In the current study, we identified the expression of immune and energy metabolism related genes using quantitative PCR to evaluate the correlation between immune system and energy metabolism against SE inoculation in Jining Bairi chicken. Results ATP5G1, ATP5G3 and ND2 were significantly up-regulated at 1 dpi (day post inoculation), and ATP5E, ATP5G1, ATP5G3 were significantly down-regulated at 7 dpi (P < 0.05). IL-8 and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated at 1 dpi, IL-8 and IL-18 were significantly down-regulated at 3 dpi, IL-8 and BCL10 were significantly up-regulated at 7 dpi (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate that the correlation between immune and energy metabolism related genes gradually change with time points post SE inoculation, from one homeostasis to an opposite homeostasis with 3 dpi as a turning point. These results will pave the foundation for the relationship between immune system and energy metabolism in the response to SE inoculation in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China.,Present Address: Current affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China
| | - Huilong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China
| | - Pengcheng Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China
| | - Liying Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China.
| | - Xianyao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, China.
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15
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Těšický M, Velová H, Novotný M, Kreisinger J, Beneš V, Vinkler M. Positive selection and convergent evolution shape molecular phenotypic traits of innate immunity receptors in tits (Paridae). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3056-3070. [PMID: 32652716 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread variability and redundancy abounding animal immunity, little is currently known about the rate of evolutionary convergence (functionally analogous traits not inherited from a common ancestor) in host molecular adaptations to parasite selective pressures. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide the molecular interface allowing hosts to recognize pathogenic structures and trigger early danger signals initiating an immune response. Using a novel combination of bioinformatic approaches, here we explore genetic variation in ligand-binding regions of bacteria-sensing TLR4 and TLR5 in 29 species belonging to the tit family of passerine birds (Aves: Paridae). Three out of the four consensual positively selected sites in TLR4 and six out of 14 positively selected positions in TLR5 were located on the receptor surface near the functionally important sites, and based on the phylogenetic pattern evolved in a convergent (parallel) manner. This type of evolution was also seen at one N-glycosylation site and two positively selected phosphorylation sites, providing the first evidence of convergence in post-translational modifications in evolutionary immunology. Finally, the overall mismatch between phylogeny and the clustering of surface charge distribution demonstrates that convergence is common in overall TLR4 and TLR5 molecular phenotypes involved in ligand binding. Our analysis did not reveal any broad ecological traits explaining the convergence observed in electrostatic potentials, suggesting that information on microbial symbionts may be needed to explain TLR evolution. Adopting state-of-the-art predictive structural bionformatics, we have outlined a new broadly applicable methodological approach to estimate the functional significance of positively selected variation and test for the adaptive molecular convergence in protein-coding polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Těšický
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Velová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Novotný
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- European Molecular Laboratory Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Zhang LY, Huang MY, Li Y, Chen DZ, Shi X. Association of three beta-defensin gene (AvBD4, AvBD5, AvBD14) polymorphisms with carrier-state susceptibility to salmonella in chickens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:357-365. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1752913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Y. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M. Y. Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Enshi Polytechnic College, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - D. Z. Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianwei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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17
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Pal Singh P, Singh S, Sunil Kumar BV, Sethi RS, Verma R. Serum amyloid A (SAA) mRNA expression in chicken and quails in response to bacterial stress. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69:101421. [PMID: 31931454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A at gene expression level may provide quick information about immune status of the host and its susceptibility towards common infections. Present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the mRNA expression of SAA gene in Rhode Island Red chicken (RIR) and Japanese quails using real time PCR analysis in response to inactivated Salmonella gallinarum culture. The results showed that expression of SAA gene was approximately 17-33 folds higher in case of birds administered with bacterial culture when compared to un-inoculated controls and expression was higher and quicker in case of quails than RIR chicken. The SAA genes from chicken and quail were cloned and upon sequence analysis it was observed that deduced amino acid sequence of SAA from chicken and quails were having approximately seven percent variation which might have significance in function of this protein in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Pal Singh
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Satparkash Singh
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - R S Sethi
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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18
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Alkie TN, Yitbarek A, Hodgins DC, Kulkarni RR, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Sharif S. Development of innate immunity in chicken embryos and newly hatched chicks: a disease control perspective. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:288-310. [PMID: 31063007 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1607966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newly hatched chickens are confronted by a wide array of pathogenic microbes because their adaptive immune defences have limited capabilities to control these pathogens. In such circumstances, and within this age group, innate responses provide a degree of protection. Moreover, as the adaptive immune system is relatively naïve to foreign antigens, synergy with innate defences is critical. This review presents knowledge on the ontogeny of innate immunity in chickens pre-hatch and early post-hatch and provides insights into possible interventions to modulate innate responses early in the life of the bird. As in other vertebrate species, the chicken innate immune system which include cellular mediators, cytokine and chemokine repertoires and molecules involved in antigen detection, develop early in life. Comparison of innate immune systems in newly hatched chickens and mature birds has revealed differences in magnitude and quality, but responses in younger chickens can be boosted using innate immune system modulators. Functional expression of pattern recognition receptors and several defence molecules by innate immune system cells of embryos and newly hatched chicks suggests that innate responses can be modulated at this stage of development to combat pathogens. Improved understanding of innate immune system ontogeny and functionality in chickens is critical for the implementation of sound and safe interventions to provide long-term protection against pathogens. Next-generation tools for studying genetic and epigenetic regulation of genes, functional metagenomics and gene knockouts can be used in the future to explore and dissect the contributions of signalling pathways of innate immunity and to devise more efficacious disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru N Alkie
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Douglas C Hodgins
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada.,b Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Shayan Sharif
- a Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College , University of Guelph , Guelph , ON , Canada
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19
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Nawab A, An L, Wu J, Li G, Liu W, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Xiao M. Chicken toll-like receptors and their significance in immune response and disease resistance. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:284-306. [PMID: 31662000 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1659258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major challenge for the poultry industry that causes widespread production losses. Thus, management and control of poultry health and diseases are essential for the viability of the industry. Toll-like receptors are best characterized as membrane-bound receptors that perform a central role in immune homeostasis and disease resistance by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In response to pathogen recognition, TLRs initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses which may help to develop immunomodulatory therapeutics for TLR associated diseases. Vaccination produces specific immunity in the animal's body towards pathogens. However, due to certain disadvantages of vaccines, (inactivation of attenuated pathogens into the virulent strains and weak immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines) there is a crucial need to develop the safe and effective therapeutic intervention. TLR ligands have been classified as a potential adjuvant against the infectious diseases in farm animals. TLR adjuvants induce both specific and nonspecific immune responses in chickens to combat several bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explore the chicken TLR4 and their role in immune responses and disease resistance to develop disease resistance poultry breeds in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Nawab
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Lilong An
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qimin Wu
- Mechanical and Power Engineering College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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20
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Toll-like receptor ligands and their combinations as adjuvants - current research and its relevance in chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933915000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Humphrey B, Klasing K. Modulation of nutrient metabolism and homeostasis by the immune system. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.D. Humphrey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - K.C. Klasing
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
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22
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23
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24
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Lee CC, Tung CY, Wu CC, Lin TL. AVIAN INNATE IMMUNITY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CHICKEN MELANOMA DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED GENE 5 (MDA5). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1682648519300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Avian species have immune system to fight invading pathogens. The immune system comprises innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity relies on pattern recognition receptors to sense particular molecules present in pathogens, i.e. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or danger signals in the environment, i.e. danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are the sensors recognizing cytoplasmic PAMP and/or DAMP. Among common avian species, chickens do not have RIG-I whereas ducks and finches do. Therefore, the other RLR member, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), is believed to play an important role to recognize intracellular pathogens in chickens. Chicken MDA5 has been identified and its function determined. Chicken MDA5 maintains the same domain architecture compared with MDA5 analogs in other animal species. The expression of chicken MDA5 was upregulated when a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acids (poly(I:C)), was transfected into chicken cells, whereas that did not change when cells were incubated with poly(I:C). The enhanced expression of chicken MDA5 in chicken cells upregulated the expression of chicken interferon-[Formula: see text] (IFN-[Formula: see text]). The infection of dsRNA infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in non-immune cells triggered the activation of chicken MDA5 signaling pathway, leading to the production of IFN-[Formula: see text] and subsequent response of IFN-stimulated genes. Furthermore, in immune cells like macrophages, chicken MDA5 participated in sensing the infection of IBDV by activating downstream antiviral genes and molecules and modulating adaptive immunity.On the contrary, one of cytoplasmic NLR member, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), was cloned and functionally characterized in chicken cells. Chicken NLRP3 conserved the same domain architecture compared with NLRP3 analogs in other animal species. Chicken NLRP3 was highly expressed in kidney, bursa of Fabricius and spleen. The production of mature chicken interleukin 1 [Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text] in chicken macrophages was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment followed by short ATP exposure.In summary, chicken MDA5 was a cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor that mediated the production of type I IFN upon ligand engagement, whereas NLRP3 sensed danger signals, such as ATP, in the cytoplasm and cleaved pro-IL-1[Formula: see text] to produce mature IL-1[Formula: see text]. Chicken MDA5 was not only involved in the activation of innate immune responses in non-immune and immune cells, but it also participated in modulating adaptive immunity in immune cells. Chicken NLRP3 participated in the production of mature chicken IL-1[Formula: see text] upon ligand engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Tung
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ching Ching Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R. O. C
| | - Tsang Long Lin
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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25
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Xiao L, He C, Luo L, Yang K, Yang L, Xu K, Zheng Y, Gu C, Huang Q, Meng H. Genome-wide association study identified genes in the response to Salmonella pullorum infection in chickens. Anim Genet 2019; 50:403-406. [PMID: 31017703 DOI: 10.1111/age.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pullorum is a bacterial disease that threatens the modern poultry industry. Over the years, research on this topic has focused mainly on its epidemiology, whereas the hosts' genetic basis of infection is still vague. In order to identify chickens' genes associated with pullorum, we sequenced 300 New Pudong chicken by double digest genotyping-by-sequencing. We obtained 1 527 953 SNPs for a genome-wide association analysis, which identified 43 genome-wide significant markers. Most of the significant SNPs were in the interval of 57.7-59.0 Mb on chromosome 5. The gene set enrichment analysis suggests a potential manner for bacterial infection and remaining inside the host. This work provides basic data for the purification, prevention and treatment of pullorum disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - C He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - L Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - K Yang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, 2901 Beidi Road, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - L Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - K Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - C Gu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, 2901 Beidi Road, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, 2901 Beidi Road, 201106, Shanghai, China
| | - H Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China
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26
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Mpenda F, Schilling M, Campbell Z, Mngumi E, Buza J. The genetic diversity of local african chickens: A potential for selection of chickens resistant to viral infections. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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27
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Aka E, Eren U. Distribution of TLR4 and MHC class II molecules of the spleen in broiler chicks treated with and without LPS in the first 2 weeks of the post-hatch period. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:130-138. [PMID: 30646748 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1564238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules of the spleen in chicks treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the first 2 weeks of their life. 2. A total of 225 Ross-308 commercial broiler chicks were used. Within the 2-week experimental period, chicks were divided into 5 main groups according to the days of decapitation which were 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 d after hatch. Each main group had 45 chicks. The main groups were further divided into three subgroups (15 chicks each), which included control chicks (no injection), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS-injected chicks. Spleen samples were collected 1-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-h after the PBS or LPS administrations. Tissue sections were stained using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining method. 3. From 1 d of age, TLR4 positivity was found in the spleen in diffuse granular form. The cells showing intense TLR4 positivity were observed in periellipsoidal lymphoid tissue in 4-d-old chicks. The same cells were determined in the germinal centre of the spleen in 7-d-old chicks. LPS stimulation led to an increase in the intensity of TLR4 positivity in 14-d-old chicks. 4. From 1 d of age, MHC class II positivity was found in both white pulp and red pulp. This was higher in 14-d-old chicks injected with LPS than in the controls and the chicks injected with PBS. 5. The findings indicate that, from 1 d of age in chicks, the spleen has both non-specific defence elements and the molecules having the information to induce adaptive immunity. In addition, at the end of the 2-week experimental period, it was determined that the spleen had the capacity to recognise antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aka
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Health Sciences , University of Adnan Menderes , Aydin , Turkey
| | - U Eren
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Adnan Menderes , Aydin , Turkey
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28
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Świderská Z, Šmídová A, Buchtová L, Bryjová A, Fabiánová A, Munclinger P, Vinkler M. Avian Toll-like receptor allelic diversity far exceeds human polymorphism: an insight from domestic chicken breeds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17878. [PMID: 30552359 PMCID: PMC6294777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune genes show remarkable levels of adaptive variation shaped by pathogen-mediated selection. Compared to humans, however, population polymorphism in animals has been understudied. To provide an insight into immunogenetic diversity in birds, we sequenced complete protein-coding regions of all Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes with direct orthology between mammals and birds (TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR7) in 110 domestic chickens from 25 breeds and compared their variability with a corresponding human dataset. Chicken TLRs (chTLRs) exhibit on average nine-times higher nucleotide diversity than human TLRs (hTLRs). Increased potentially functional non-synonymous variability is found in chTLR ligand-binding ectodomains. While we identified seven sites in chTLRs under positive selection and found evidence for convergence between alleles, no selection or convergence was detected in hTLRs. Up to six-times more alleles were identified in fowl (70 chTLR4 alleles vs. 11 hTLR4 alleles). In chTLRs, high numbers of alleles are shared between the breeds and the allelic frequencies are more equal than in hTLRs. These differences may have an important impact on infectious disease resistance and host-parasite co-evolution. Though adaptation through high genetic variation is typical for acquired immunity (e.g. MHC), our results show striking levels of intraspecific polymorphism also in poultry innate immune receptors.
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Grants
- 504214 Grantová Agentura, Univerzita Karlova (Charles University Grant Agency)
- 504214 Grantová Agentura, Univerzita Karlova (Charles University Grant Agency)
- 204069 Univerzita Karlova v Praze (Charles University)
- 204069 Univerzita Karlova v Praze (Charles University)
- PRIMUS/17/SCI/12 Univerzita Karlova v Praze (Charles University)
- SVV 260434/2018 Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- INTER-COST LTC18060 Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- SVV 260434/2018 Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- P502/12/P179 Grantová Agentura České Republiky (Grant Agency of the Czech Republic)
- Grantov&#x00E1; Agentura, Univerzita Karlova (Charles University Grant Agency)
- Ministerstvo &#x0160;kolstv&#x00ED;, Ml&#x00E1;de&#x017E;e a T&#x011B;lov&#x00FD;chovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- Grantov&#x00E1; Agentura &#x010C;esk&#x00E9; Republiky (Grant Agency of the Czech Republic)
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Świderská
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Šmídová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Buchtová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Bryjová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., Květná 8, Brno, 60365, Czech Republic
| | - Anežka Fabiánová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Munclinger
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic.
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29
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Haunshi S, Burramsetty AK, Ramasamy K, Chatterjee RN. Polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptor genes of indigenous and White Leghorn breeds of chicken. Arch Anim Breed 2018; 61:441-449. [PMID: 32175451 PMCID: PMC7065405 DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-441-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) modulate
innate immunity and play a crucial role in resistance or susceptibility to
diseases. The present study was carried out to explore polymorphic patterns
in the coding sequences of PRR genes TLR3, TLR1LA (TLRs),
MDA5, LGP2 (RLRs) and NOD1 (NLR) in chicken breeds
of India, namely Ghagus (GH), Nicobari (NB) and the exotic
White Leghorn (WLH) breed. Out of 209 SNPs observed in five genes among three
breeds, 117 were synonymous (Syn) and 92 were non-synonymous (NS) SNPs. In
TLR genes the highest polymorphism was observed in NB (16, 28)
compared to GH (14, 16) and WLH (13, 19) breeds. In the MDA5 gene
the highest polymorphism was observed in GH (12) compared to NB (eight) and
WLH (four) breeds. However, an almost similar level of polymorphism was observed
in the LGP2 gene among the three breeds. In the NOD1 gene, the highest
polymorphism was observed in NB (27), followed by WLH (11) and GH (10) breeds.
The overall highest number of SNPs was observed in NB (90), followed by GH (62)
and the WLH (57) breed. With regard to variation in polymorphism among different
classes of PRRs, the study revealed the highest polymorphism in TLRs compared to
NOD1 and the RLR class of PRRs. Further, the domain locations of various Syn and
NS SNPs in each PRR among the three breeds were identified. In silico
analysis of NS SNPs revealed that most of them had a neutral effect on
protein function. However, two each in TLR1LA and LGP2
and one in the MDA5 gene were predicted to be deleterious to
protein function. The present study unravelled extensive polymorphism in the
coding sequences of the TLR and NLR class of PRR genes, and the polymorphism was
higher in indigenous chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arun Kumar Burramsetty
- Current Address: MEXT Doctoral Scholar, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kannaki Ramasamy
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
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30
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Adhikari P, Cosby DE, Cox NA, Franca MS, Williams SM, Gogal RM, Ritz CW, Kim WK. Effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on internal organs Salmonella colonization, immune response, ileal morphology, and ileal immunohistochemistry in laying hens challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2525-2533. [PMID: 29669131 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in controlling the infection of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in White Leghorns. A total of 30 laying hens (white leghorns W-36) were challenged both orally and cloacally with approximately 108 colony-forming units of nalidxic acid resistant SE (SENAR) and divided into 3 treatments: 1) SENAR challenged + 0.0% FOS, 2) SENAR challenged + 0.5% FOS (Nutraflora), and 3) SENAR challenged + 1.0% FOS. SENAR recovery via fecal shedding was measured at 3- and 6-d post-infection (dpi), whereas in the ceca and internal organs, SENAR recovery was measured at 7-d post-infection. In the first experiment, there was a 1.0 log10 and a 1.3 log10 reduction in cecal SENAR by supplementation of FOS at 0.5 and 1.0%, respectively. In the second experiment, there was a 0.6 log10 and a 0.8 log10 reduction in cecal SENAR by supplementation of FOS at 0.5 and 1.0%, respectively. Fecal shedding was significantly lower in 1.0% FOS supplemented groups compared to SENAR challenge 0.0% FOS. There was no significant difference among the 3 treatments on SENAR recovery in liver with gall bladder and ovaries. However, the frequency of positive SENAR in the ovaries (10 to 40%) in SENAR challenge 0.0% FOS was significantly lower than liver with gall bladder (60 to 80%) in both experiments. There was a significant upregulation of toll-like receptor-4 in 1.0% FOS and interferon gamma in both 0.5 and 1.0% FOS. Histologic measurements of ileal villi height and crypt depth were similar across all treatments. Immunohistochemistry analyses of ileal samples showed that immunoglobulin A positive cells increased as FOS concentration increased reaching significance at 1.0% as well as altered cytokine gene expression in the ileum. Further, FOS supplementation also reduced cecal SENAR and feces SENAR levels. Collectively, the results suggest that dietary supplementation with FOS may impair SE pathogenesis while modulating humoral immunity within the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Douglas E Cosby
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Nelson A Cox
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Monique S Franca
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Susan M Williams
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Casey W Ritz
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Woo K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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31
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Velová H, Gutowska-Ding MW, Burt DW, Vinkler M. Toll-Like Receptor Evolution in Birds: Gene Duplication, Pseudogenization, and Diversifying Selection. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2170-2184. [PMID: 29893911 PMCID: PMC6107061 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensor molecules in vertebrates triggering initial phases of immune responses to pathogens. The avian TLR family typically consists of ten receptors, each adapted to distinct ligands. To understand the complex evolutionary history of each avian TLR, we analyzed all members of the TLR family in the whole genome assemblies and target sequence data of 63 bird species covering all major avian clades. Our results indicate that gene duplication events most probably occurred in TLR1 before synapsids diversified from sauropsids. Unlike mammals, ssRNA-recognizing TLR7 has duplicated independently in several avian taxa, while flagellin-sensing TLR5 has pseudogenized multiple times in bird phylogeny. Our analysis revealed stronger positive, diversifying selection acting in TLR5 and the three-domain TLRs (TLR10 [TLR1A], TLR1 [TLR1B], TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR4) that face the extracellular space and bind complex ligands than in single-domain TLR15 and endosomal TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, TLR21). In total, 84 out of 306 positively selected sites were predicted to harbor substitutions dramatically changing the amino acid physicochemical properties. Furthermore, 105 positively selected sites were located in the known functionally relevant TLR regions. We found evidence for convergent evolution acting between birds and mammals at 54 of these sites. Our comparative study provides a comprehensive insight into the evolution of avian TLR genetic variability. Besides describing the history of avian TLR gene gain and gene loss, we also identified candidate positions in the receptors that have been likely shaped by direct molecular host-pathogen coevolutionary interactions and most probably play key functional roles in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Velová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria W Gutowska-Ding
- Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David W Burt
- Office of DVC (Research), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Ahmed-Hassan H, Abdul-Cader MS, Sabry MA, Hamza E, Abdul-Careem MF. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signalling induces myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MYD) 88 independent pathway in avian species leading to type I interferon production and antiviral response. Virus Res 2018; 256:107-116. [PMID: 30098398 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of toll-like receptor (TLR)4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with TLR4 in mammals activates two downstream intracellular signaling routes; the myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD)88 dependent and independent pathways. However, existence of the later pathway leading to production of type I interferons (IFNs) in avian species has been debated due to conflicting observations. The objective of our study was to investigate whether LPS induces type I IFN production in chicken macrophages leading to antiviral response attributable to type I IFN. We found that LPS elicits type I IFN response dominated by IFN-β production. We also found that reduction in infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) replication by LPS-mediated antiviral response is attributable to type I IFNs in addition to nitric oxide (NO). Our findings imply that LPS elicits both MyD88 dependent and independent pathways in chicken macrophages consequently eliciting anti-ILTV response attributable to production of both type I IFNs and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maha Ahmed Sabry
- Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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33
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Králová T, Albrecht T, Bryja J, Hořák D, Johnsen A, Lifjeld JT, Novotný M, Sedláček O, Velová H, Vinkler M. Signatures of diversifying selection and convergence acting on passerine Toll-like receptor 4 in an evolutionary context. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2871-2883. [PMID: 29772096 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Positive selection acting on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been recently investigated to reveal evolutionary mechanisms of host-pathogen molecular co-adaptation. Much of this research, however, has focused mainly on the identification of sites predicted to be under positive selection, bringing little insight into the functional differences and similarities among species and a limited understanding of convergent evolution in the innate immune molecules. In this study, we provide evidence of phenotypic variability in the avian TLR4 ligand-binding region (LBR), the direct interface between host and pathogen molecular structures. We show that 55 passerine species vary substantially in the distribution of electrostatic potential on the surface of the receptor, and based on these distinct patterns, we identified four species clusters. Seven of the 34 evolutionarily nonconservative and positively selected residues correspond topologically to sites previously identified as being important for lipopolysaccharide, lipid IVa or MD-2 binding. Five of these positions codetermine the identity of the charge clusters. Groups of species that host-related communities of pathogens were predicted to cluster based on their TLR4 LBR charge. Despite some evidence for convergence among taxa, there were no clear associations between the TLR4 LBR charge distribution and any of the general ecological characteristics compared (migration, latitudinal distribution and diet). Closely related species, however, mostly belonged to the same surface charge cluster indicating that phylogenetic constraints are key determinants shaping TLR4 adaptive evolution. Our results suggest that host innate immune evolution is consistent with Fahrenholz's rule on the cospeciation of hosts and their parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Králová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bryja
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hořák
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arild Johnsen
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan T Lifjeld
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marian Novotný
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Velová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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34
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Ansari AR, Arshad M, Masood S, Huang HB, Zhao X, Li N, Sun Z, Cui L, Hu Y, Liu HZ. Salmonella infection may alter the expression of toll like receptor 4 and immune related cells in chicken bursa of Fabricius. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:59-64. [PMID: 29763725 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), eosinophils and mast cells play significant role in host immunity during several pathogenic infections. However in vivo tissue expression of TLR4 and distribution pattern of eosinophils and mast cells in chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF) during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) infection is poorly studied. Therefore, herein, following immunostaining, we found localization of TLR4 in follicular cortex and medulla and its expression was statistical increased after 36 h and 72 h of STm stimulation. Chromotrope 2R staining revealed that eosinophils were mostly distributed in follicular cortex, inter-follicular spaces and in or around blood vessels and their number in BF were statistical increased after 72 h of STm stimulation. The presence of eosinophils was confirmed using immunostaining with anti-rabbit eosinophil cationic protein antibody. Toluidine blue stained mast cells were mostly distributed in connective tissues between inter-follicular spaces while some were also present in follicular cortex of BF. However, STm stimulation illustrated non-significant effect on the number of mast cells or their de-granulation, instead their number were gradually decreased in BF with advancement in age of chickens. Hence, this study provided novel information about in vivo tissue distribution of TLR4, eosinophils and mast cells in BF during STm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman Ansari
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Masood
- Department of Anatomy & Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ningya Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhijian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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35
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Li P, Wang H, Zhao X, Gou Z, Liu R, Song Y, Li Q, Zheng M, Cui H, Everaert N, Zhao G, Wen J. Allelic variation in TLR4 is linked to resistance to Salmonella Enteritidis infection in chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2040-2048. [PMID: 28339850 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a foodborne pathogen that negatively affects both animal and human health. Polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene may affect recognition by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to differences in host resistance to pathogenic infections. The present study has investigated polymorphic loci of chicken TLR4 (ChTLR4) in ten chicken breeds, electrostatic potentials of mutant structures of TLR4, and a linkage analysis between allelic variation and survival ratio to infection with SE in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorns. A total of 19 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 10 were novel, were found in chicken breeds. Seven newly identified amino acid variants (C68G, G674A, G782A, A896T, T959G, T986A, and A1104C) and previously reported important mutations (G247A, G1028A, C1147T, and A1832G) were demonstrated in the extracellular domain of the ChTLR4 gene. Significant changes in surface electrostatic potential of the ectodomain of TLR4, built by homology modeling, were observed at the Glu83Lys (G247A), Arg298Ser (A896T), Ser368Arg (A1104C), and Gln611Arg (A1832G) substitutions. Linkage analysis showed that one polymorphic locus G247A of TLR4 gene, common in all breeds examined, was significantly associated with increased resistance to SE in SPF White Leghorns chicks (log-rank P-value = 0.04). The genotypes from A1832G SNPs did not show statistically significant survival differences. This study has provided the first direct evidence that G247A substitution in ChTLR4 is associated with increased resistance to Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Huihua Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xingwang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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36
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Zhang J, Malo D, Mott R, Panthier JJ, Montagutelli X, Jaubert J. Identification of new loci involved in the host susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium in collaborative cross mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:303. [PMID: 29703142 PMCID: PMC5923191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium causing a wide range of clinical syndromes ranging from typhoid fever to diarrheic disease. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars infect humans and animals, causing important health burden in the world. Susceptibility to salmonellosis varies between individuals under the control of host genes, as demonstrated by the identification of over 20 genetic loci in various mouse crosses. We have investigated the host response to S. Typhimurium infection in 35 Collaborative Cross (CC) strains, a genetic population which involves wild-derived strains that had not been previously assessed. Results One hundred and forty-eight mice from 35 CC strains were challenged intravenously with 1000 colony-forming units (CFUs) of S. Typhimurium. Bacterial load was measured in spleen and liver at day 4 post-infection. CC strains differed significantly (P < 0.0001) in spleen and liver bacterial loads, while sex and age had no effect. Two significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 8 and 10 and one suggestive QTL on chromosome 1 were found for spleen bacterial load, while two suggestive QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 17 were found for liver bacterial load. These QTLs are caused by distinct allelic patterns, principally involving alleles originating from the wild-derived founders. Using sequence variations between the eight CC founder strains combined with database mining for expression in target organs and known immune phenotypes, we were able to refine the QTLs intervals and establish a list of the most promising candidate genes. Furthermore, we identified one strain, CC042/GeniUnc (CC042), as highly susceptible to S. Typhimurium infection. Conclusions By exploring a broader genetic variation, the Collaborative Cross population has revealed novel loci of resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium. It also led to the identification of CC042 as an extremely susceptible strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4667-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Malo
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Mott
- University College London, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - Jean-Jacques Panthier
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean Jaubert
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Development & Stem Cell Biology, Mouse Functional Genetics, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 3738, F-75015, Paris, France.
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37
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Ansari AR, Li NY, Sun ZJ, Huang HB, Zhao X, Cui L, Hu YF, Zhong JM, Karrow NA, Liu HZ. Lipopolysaccharide induces acute bursal atrophy in broiler chicks by activating TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108375-108391. [PMID: 29312537 PMCID: PMC5752450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms that induce atrophy of the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in young chicks. LPS treatment resulted in ∼36% decrease in bursal weight within 36 h (P < 0.01). Histological analysis showed infiltration of eosinophilic heterophils and nucleated oval shaped RBCs in or near blood vessels of the BF from LPS-treated chicks. Scanning electron micrographs showed severe erosion and breaks in the mucosal membrane at 12 h and complete exuviation of bursal mucosal epithelial cells at 36 h. We observed decreased cell proliferation (low PCNA positivity) and increased apoptosis (high TUNEL and ssDNA positivity) in the BF 12-72 h after LPS treatment. RNA-seq analysis of the BF transcriptome showed 736 differentially expressed genes with most expression changes (637/736) 12 h after LPS treatment. KEGG pathway analysis identified TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 as the key signaling pathway affected in response to LPS stimulation. These findings indicate LPS activates the TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathway that mediates acute atrophy of the chicken bursa of Fabricius by inducing inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Basic Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ning-Ya Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-Fang Hu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ju-Ming Zhong
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Adhikari P, Cosby DE, Cox NA, Kim WK. Effect of dietary supplementation of nitrocompounds on Salmonella colonization and ileal immune gene expression in laying hens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4280-4286. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Murakami K, Maeda-Mitani E, Onozuka D, Noda T, Sera N, Kimura H, Fujimoto S, Murakami S. Simultaneous oral administration of Salmonella Infantis and S. Typhimurium in chicks. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:27. [PMID: 28875013 PMCID: PMC5579891 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To confirm the hypothesis that Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar (S.) Infantis has higher basic reproductive rates in chicks compared with other Salmonella serovars, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks (n = 8) were challenged simultaneously with S. Infantis and S. Typhimurium per os. Challenged chicks (Group A) were then housed with non-infected chicks (Group B, n = 4) for 6 days (from 2 to 8 days of age). Group B birds were then housed with other non-infected birds (Group C, n = 4), which were then transferred to cages containing a further group of untreated chicks (Group D, n = 2). A control group consisting of four non-infected chicks was used for comparison. All chickens were humanely sacrificed at 18 days of age, and Salmonella from bowel and liver samples were enumerated. Results Both serovars were isolated from all groups except the control group. S. Typhimurium was isolated at a greater frequency than S. Infantis from the bowel samples of chicks from Groups B, C and D, while no differences in colonisation rates were observed between the two serovars in liver samples from Groups B, C and D. S. Typhimurium, but not S. Infantis, was immunohistochemically detected in the lamina propria of the cecum and rectum in five birds of Group A. Despite the competitive administration, neither of the two serovars completely excluded the other, and no differences were observed in basic reproductive rates between the two serovars. Conclusions These findings, together with data from previous studies, suggest that the initial quantitative domination of S. Infantis in chicken flocks may explain why this serovar is predominant in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan.,Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 818-0135 Japan
| | - Eriko Maeda-Mitani
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 818-0135 Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tamie Noda
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 818-0135 Japan.,Present address: Kitachikugo Office for Health, Human Services, and Environmental Issues, 1642-1 Aikawa-machi Kurume, Fukuoka, 839-0861 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, 818-0135 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
| | - Shuji Fujimoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Satoshi Murakami
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
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40
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Salem WM, Shibat El-Hamed DMW, Sayed WF, Elamary RB. Alterations in virulence and antibiotic resistant genes of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry: The bactericidal efficacy of Allium sativum. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:91-100. [PMID: 28479511 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W M Salem
- South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, 83523, Qena, Egypt.
| | | | - W F Sayed
- South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - R B Elamary
- South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, 83523, Qena, Egypt
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41
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Zhang A, Xu J, Lai H, Huang W, Fang N, Chen R. Age-related changes and distribution of T cell markers (CD3 and CD4) and toll-like receptors(TLR2, TLR3,TLR4 and TLR7) in the duck lymphoid organs. Immunobiology 2017; 222:857-864. [PMID: 28356195 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes and Toll-like receptors have been confirmed to have correlation with the ability to resistance to pathogenic challenges and play an important role in duck immune system. However, the information of ontogeny of T lymphocytes and Toll-like receptors is scarcely in duck. Therefore, to address these questions, we report the development and distribution of CD3 and CD4 by immunocytochemistry and the age-related mRNA level of duck T cell markers (CD3 and CD4) and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7) by real time quantitative PCR in duck lymphoid organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen). Results indicated that CD3 and CD4 positive cells can be observed in all test organs and partly change in an age-related way. CD4 positive T cell of duck spleen mainly distributed in periarterial lymphatic sheaths and red pulp, not in white pulp. Both of CD3 and CD4 were experienced significant increased wave twice in duck lymphoid organs and T cell dependent cellular immunity of duck may well established until 5 weeks old. The mRNA expression levels of duck TLRs were age and organ dependent, and duck TLR3 and TLR7 were significantly lower abundance in the spleen but higher in thymus and bursa of Fabricius, respectively. This study provide the essential knowledge of the ontogeny of T cells and Toll-like receptors in duck, which may shed lights on the T-cell mediate immunity and innate immunity in duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University,483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Biotechnology R&D of Veterinary Biologics, Guangdong, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Hanzhang Lai
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Biotechnology R&D of Veterinary Biologics, Guangdong, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Wenke Huang
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Biotechnology R&D of Veterinary Biologics, Guangdong, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Niran Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University,483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University,483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Li R, Li N, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu J, Cai Y, Chai T, Wei L. Expression of Immune-Related Genes of Ducks Infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:637. [PMID: 27199963 PMCID: PMC4853417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause severe disease in ducks, characterized by perihepatitis, pericarditis, and airsacculitis. Although the studies of bacteria isolation and methods of detection have been reported, host immune responses to APEC infection remain unclear. In response, we systemically examined the expression of immune-related genes and bacteria distribution in APEC-infected ducks. Results demonstrated that APEC can quickly replicate in the liver, spleen, and brain, with the highest bacteria content at 2 days post infection. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were tested in the liver, spleen, and brain of infected ducks. TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR15 showed different expression patterns, which indicated that they all responded to APEC infection. The expression of AvBD2 was upregulated in all tested tissues during the 3 days of testing, whereas the expression of AvBD4, AvBD5, AvBD7, and AvBD9 were downregulated, and though MHC-I was upregulated on all test days, MHC-II was dramatically downregulated. Overall, our results suggest that APEC can replicate in various tissues in a short time, and the activation of host immune responses begins at onset of infection. These findings thus clarify duck immune responses to APEC infection and offer insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong ProvinceTai'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
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Eren U, Kum S, Nazligul A, Gules O, Aka E, Zorlu S, Yildiz M. The several elements of intestinal innate immune system at the beginning of the life of broiler chicks. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:604-14. [PMID: 27115541 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional capacity of digestive system and intestinal adaptive immunity are immature at hatching of broiler chicks. Therefore, intestinal innate immunity after hatching is vital to young chicks. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression and tissue distributions of several elements of the innate immune system (i.e., TLR2, TLR4, CD83, and MHC class II expressing cells) in the intestine of one-day-old chicks. For this purpose, ileum and cecum were examined the under different conditions, which included the control and 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phosphate buffered saline. The findings indicated that regardless of the antigenic stimulation, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 expressing cells were present in the intestinal tissues of one-day-old chicks. We noticed that the intestinal segments have different TLR expression levels after LPS stimulation. Dendritic cells were identified, and they left the intestinal tissue after LPS treatment. MHC class II molecules were diffusely present in both the ileum and cecum. This study demonstrates that the intestinal tissue of one-day-old chicks has remarkable defensive material, including histological properties and several elements of the innate immune system. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:604-614, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - S Kum
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - A Nazligul
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - O Gules
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - E Aka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Enstitute of Health Sciences, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - S Zorlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Enstitute of Health Sciences, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Yildiz
- Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Aydin, Turkey
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44
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Lieboldt MA, Frahm J, Halle I, Schrader L, Weigend S, Preisinger R, Breves G, Dänicke S. Haematological and febrile response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in 12-week-old cockerels of genetically diverse layer lines fed diets with increasing L-arginine levels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:743-754. [PMID: 27080348 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to its decisive function in the avian metabolic, endocrine and immune system L-arginine (Arg) is dietary indispensable for chickens. In 12-week-old cockerels of two high- and two low-performing purebred layer lines, the effects of increasing dietary Arg on the haematological and febrile response were studied over 48 h after single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The offered diets contained Arg equivalent to 70%, 100% and 200% of recommended supply. Pathophysiological alterations in weight gain, feed intake, body temperature and differential blood count were examined in comparison with their physiological initial values. Within the first 24 h after LPS injection, cockerels reduced feed intake and lost body weight subsequently. Thereby, low-performing genotypes lost body weight to a lesser extent than high-performing ones. The loss of body weight was further intensified by deficient dietary Arg. Within the following 24 h, cockerels recovered by improving feed intake and weight gain. Furthermore, LPS induced genotype-specific fever response: both brown genotypes showed initial hypothermia followed by longer lasting moderate hyperthermia, whereas the white genotypes exhibited biphasic hyperthermia. Fever response was accompanied by significant changes in differential blood counts. Characterized by lymphopenia and heterophilia, a severe leucopenia was observed from 4 to 8 h after LPS injection and replaced by a marked leucocytosis with longer lasting monocytosis up to 48 h after LPS injection. Under given pathophysiological conditions, deficiently Arg-supplied cockerels showed higher total leucocyte counts than adequately and excessively Arg-supplied cockerels. However, deficient and surplus dietary Arg tended to cause higher ratios between heterophils and lymphocytes. To conclude, present results confirmed that LPS induced numerous immunological changes in 12-week-old cockerels and emphasized that chicken's genotype is a source of variation to be considered for immunological studies. Deficient dietary Arg intensified acute changes in differential blood counts and weight gain during LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Lieboldt
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - I Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
| | - S Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | | | - G Breves
- Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
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45
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Liu L, Zhao XW, Song YM, Li QH, Li P, Liu RR, Zheng MQ, Wen J, Zhao GP. Difference in resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection among allelic variants of TLR4 (903, 1832) in SPF chickens. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:389-96. [PMID: 26631064 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - X W Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y M Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Q H Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - P Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - R R Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Wen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Utilization of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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46
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Shang Y, Regassa A, Kim JH, Kim WK. The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2887-97. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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47
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Ansari AR, Wen L, Huang HB, Wang JX, Huang XY, Peng KM, Liu HZ. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation upregulated Toll-like receptor 4 expression in chicken cerebellum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:145-50. [PMID: 26049167 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Le Wen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi-Yao Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ke-Mei Peng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Colom J, Cano-Sarabia M, Otero J, Cortés P, Maspoch D, Llagostera M. Liposome-Encapsulated Bacteriophages for Enhanced Oral Phage Therapy against Salmonella spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4841-9. [PMID: 25956778 PMCID: PMC4551199 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00812-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87 were encapsulated in liposomes, and their efficacy in reducing Salmonella in poultry was then studied. The encapsulated phages had a mean diameter of 309 to 326 nm and a positive charge between +31.6 and +35.1 mV (pH 6.1). In simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.8), the titer of nonencapsulated phages decreased by 5.7 to 7.8 log units, whereas encapsulated phages were significantly more stable, with losses of 3.7 to 5.4 log units. The liposome coating also improved the retention of bacteriophages in the chicken intestinal tract. When cocktails of the encapsulated and nonencapsulated phages were administered to broilers, after 72 h the encapsulated phages were detected in 38.1% of the animals, whereas the nonencapsulated phages were present in only 9.5%. The difference was significant. In addition, in an in vitro experiment, the cecal contents of broilers promoted the release of the phages from the liposomes. In broilers experimentally infected with Salmonella, the daily administration of the two cocktails for 6 days postinfection conferred similar levels of protection against Salmonella colonization. However, once treatment was stopped, protection by the nonencapsulated phages disappeared, whereas that provided by the encapsulated phages persisted for at least 1 week, showing the enhanced efficacy of the encapsulated phages in protecting poultry against Salmonella over time. The methodology described here allows the liposome encapsulation of phages of different morphologies. The preparations can be stored for at least 3 months at 4°C and could be added to the drinking water and feed of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Colom
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Jennifer Otero
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pilar Cortés
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Bellaterra, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Llagostera
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Yong Y, Liu S, Hua G, Jia R, Zhao Y, Sun X, Liao M, Ju X. Identification and functional characterization of Toll-like receptor 2-1 in geese. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:108. [PMID: 25967535 PMCID: PMC4449522 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), an important pattern recognition receptor, activates proinflammatory pathways in response to various pathogens. It has been reported in humans and chicken, but not in geese, an important waterfowl species in China. Since some vaccines stimulate robust immune responsesl in chicken but not in geeeses we speculated that their immune systems are different. Results In this study, we cloned the goose TLR2-1 gene using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)and showed that geese TLR2-1 encoded a 793-amino-acid protein, containing a signal secretion peptide, an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain, a transmembrane domain and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling domain deduced from amino acid sequence. TLR2-1 shared 38.4%–93.5% homology with its homologues in other species. Tissue expression of geese TLR2-1 varied markedly, and was higher in kidney, cloacal bursa, skin and brain compared to other organs/tissues. HEK293 cells transfected with plasmids carrying goose TLR2-1 and NF-κB-luciferase responded significantly to stimulation with Mycoplasma fermentans lipopeptide. Furthermore, geese infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Salmonella enteritidis (SE) showed significant upregulation of TLR2-1 in both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Geese TLR2-1 is a functional homologue of TLR2 present in other species and plays an important role in bacterial recognition in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Guohong Hua
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Rumin Jia
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- Center of Modern Biochemistry, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Ming Liao
- MOA Key Laboratory for Animal Vaccine Development, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. .,MOA Key Laboratory for Animal Vaccine Development, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Fife MS, Howell JS, Salmon N, Hocking PM, van Diemen PM, Jones MA, Stevens MP, Kaiser P. Genome-wide SNP analysis identifies major QTL for Salmonella colonization in the chicken. Anim Genet 2015; 42:134-40. [PMID: 20579012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella-infected poultry products are a major source of human Salmonella infection. The prophylactic use of antimicrobials in poultry production was recently banned in the EU, increasing the need for alternative methods to control Salmonella infections in poultry flocks. Genetic selection of chickens more resistant to Salmonella colonization provides an attractive means of sustainably controlling the pathogen in commercial poultry flocks and its subsequent entry into the food chain. Analysis of different inbred chickens has shown that individual lines are consistently either susceptible or resistant to the many serovars of Salmonella that have been tested. In this study, two inbred chicken lines with differential susceptibility to Salmonella colonization (61 ((R)) and N((S)) ) were used in a backcross experimental design. Unlike previous studies that used a candidate gene approach or low-density genome-wide screens, we have exploited a high-density marker set of 1255 SNPs covering the whole genome to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL). Analysis of log-transformed caecal bacterial levels between the parental lines revealed a significant difference at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days post-infection (P < 0.05). Analysis of the genotypes of the backcross (F1 × N) population (n = 288) revealed four QTL on chromosomes 2, 3, 12 and 25 for the two traits examined in this study: log-transformed bacterial counts in the caeca and presence of a hardened caseous caecal core. These included one genome-wide significant QTL on chromosome 2 at 20 Mb and three additional QTL, on chromosomes 3, 12 and 25 at 96, 15 and 1 Mb, respectively, which were significant at the chromosome-wide level (P < 0.05). The results generated in this study will inform future breeding strategies to control these pathogens in commercial poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fife
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UKThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
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