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Du Y, Li G, Li X, Jian X, Wang X, Xie Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. Dietary Immunoglobulin Y by Targeting Both GbpB and GtfB Enhances the Anticaries Effect in Rats. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00142-4. [PMID: 38797634 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to develop an anti-CAT-SYI immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibody that targeted both GtfB (glucosyltransferase B) and GbpB (glucan-binding protein B) and test its anticaries properties in rats. METHODS A new CAT-SYI fusion gene was created utilising functional DNA fragments from the GtfB and GbpB genes. The recombinant antigens, comprising the fused CAT-SYI antigen, GtfB, and GbpB, were expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression and purification system. The purified recombinant antigens were utilised to immunise laying hens against particular IgY production. The biological activities of these particular IgY antibodies were then assessed both in vitro and in vivo, including their capacity to suppress biofilm formation and tooth caries. RESULTS Results indicated that these produced IgY antibodies demonstrated a high antibody titer (>0.1 μg/mL) and could precisely recognise and bind to their respective antigens. Furthermore, it was discovered that these specific IgY antibodies successfully bind to Streptococcus mutans and significantly reduce biofilm development. After 8 weeks of ingesting antigen-specific IgY meals, comprising anti-GtfB IgY and anti-GbpB IgY, the severity of dental caries was dramatically reduced in S mutans-infected Sprague-Dawley rats (P < .01). Anti-CAT-SYI IgY therapy significantly reduced tooth cavities by 89.0% in vivo (P < .05) compared to other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The anti-CAT-SYI IgY, a multitarget antibody that targets both GtfB and GbpB, displayed excellent inhibitory effects against S mutans, making it a promising targeted method with improved anticaries efficacy and significant application opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Du
- Department of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Guobin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, FuShun People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Xinglin Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaohong Jian
- Department of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FuShun People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zaixin Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China.
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2
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Hoshino T, Fujiwara T. The findings of glucosyltransferase enzymes derived from oral streptococci. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:328-335. [PMID: 36340584 PMCID: PMC9630777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosyltransferase enzymes (Gtfs) distribute among some streptococcal species in oral cavity and are known as key enzymes contributing to the development of oral biofilm such as dental plaque. In 18 streptococcal species, 45 glucosyltransferase genes (gtf) are detected from genome database. Gtfs catalyze the synthesis of the glucans, which are polymers of glucose, from sucrose and they are main component of oral biofilm. Especially, the Gtfs from Streptococcus mutans are recognized as one of dental caries pathogens since they contribute to the formation of dental plaque and the establishment of S. mutans in the tooth surface. Therefore, Gtfs has been studied particularly by many researchers in the dentistry field to develop the anti- caries vaccine. However, it is not still accomplished. In these days, the phylogenetic and crystal structure analyses of Gtfs were performed and the study of Gtfs will enter new situation from the technique in the past old viewpoint. The findings from those analyses will affect the development of the anti-caries vaccine very much after this. In this review, we summarize the findings of oral streptococcal Gtfs and consider the perspectives of the dental caries prevention which targeted Gtf.
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Patel M. Dental caries vaccine: are we there yet? Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 70:2-12. [PMID: 31518435 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries, caused by Streptococcus mutans, is a common infection. Caries vaccine has been under investigation for the last 40 years. Many in vitro and in vivo studies and some human clinical trials have determined many pertinent aspects regarding vaccine development. The virulence determinants of Strep. mutans, such as Ag I/II, responsible for adherence to surfaces, glucosyltransferase, responsible for the production of glucan, and the glucan-binding protein, responsible for the attachment of glucan to surfaces, have been known to elicit an antigen-specific immune response. It is also known that more than one antigen or a functional part of the genome responsible for these virulence determinants provide a better host response compared with the monogenic vaccine or complete genome of a specific antigen. To enhance the host response, the use of adjuvants has been studied and the routes of antigen administration have been investigated. In recent years, some promising vaccines such as pGJA-P/VAX, LT derivative/Pi39-512 , KFD2-rPAc and SBR/GBR-CMV-nirB have been developed and tested in animals. New virulence targets need to be explored. Multicentre collaborative studies and human clinical trials are required and some interest from funders and public health experts should be generated to overcome this hurdle. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Dental caries is an irreversible, multifactorial opportunistic infection. The treatment is costly, making it a public health problem. Despite many years of promising laboratory research, animal studies and clinical trials, there is no commercially available vaccine today. The research objectives have become more refined from lessons learnt over the years. Multigenic DNA/recombinant vaccines, using the best proved adjuvants with a delivery system for the nasal or sublingual route, should be developed and researched with multicentre collaborative efforts. In addition, new vaccine targets can be identified. To overcome the economic hurdle, funders and public health interest should be stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patel
- Department of Oral Biological Sciences, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Yang H, Yan Z, Zhang Z, Realivazquez A, Ma B, Liu Y. Anti-caries vaccine based on clinical cold-adapted influenza vaccine: A promising alternative for scientific and public-health protection against dental caries. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:42-45. [PMID: 31010498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries remains one of the most pervasive infectious disease around the world. Protection against dental caries can be achieved experimentally by eliciting salivary IgA targeting surficial antigens of S. mutans, however, no such a vaccine has been launched for human use yet. Live vectored vaccines hold the greatest feasibility to induce potent and long-lasting immunity in the host. The FDA approved intranasal cold-adapted influenza vaccine has been used in clinical settings for many years. The vaccine can not only induce broad adaptive immune responses especially mucosal immunity, but the member strains can also circumvent existing immunity, presenting promising candidates for live vectored anti-caries vaccine. Moreover, the genetic techniques for modification of cold-adapted influenza viruses are well developed and widely applicable. Thus, we hypothesize that effective anti-caries vaccine can be developed with the backbone of cold-adapted influenza viruses by inserting specific antigenic identifier sequences of S. mutans into the viral genome, which is anticipated to protect against dental caries in humans with easy inoculation. The immune efficacies of recombinant cold-adapted influenza viruses expressing exogenous antigens have been verified by in vivo experiments for multiple infectious diseases, giving us great confidence to validate the safety properties and protection effect with this chimeric vaccine in animals or even humans. Existing data suggests that the live anti-caries vaccine may help improve public oral health by controlling the caries disease itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Adilene Realivazquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Binger Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China.
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Cao XX, Li YH, Ye QL, Hu X, Wang TF, Fan MW. Self-assembling anticaries mucosal vaccine containing ferritin cage nanostructure and glucan-binding region of S. mutans glucosyltransferase effectively prevents caries formation in rodents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2332-2340. [PMID: 28759297 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1349046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticaries protein vaccines that induce a mucosal immune response are not effective. Therefore, development of effective and convenient anticaries vaccines is a priority of dental research. Here we generated self-assembling nanoparticles by linking the glucan-binding region of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase (GLU) to the N-terminal domain of ferritin to determine whether these novel nanoparticles enhanced the immunogenicity of an anticaries protein vaccine against GLU in rodents. We constructed the expression plasmid pET28a-GLU-FTH and purified the proteins from bacteria using size-exclusion chromatography. BALB/c mice were used to evaluate the ability of GLU-ferritin (GLU-FTH) nanoparticles to induce GLU-specific mucosal and systemic responses. The protective efficiency of GLU-FTH nanoparticles was compared with that of GLU alone or a mixture of GLU and poly(I:C) after administering an intranasal infusion to Wistar rats. The phagocytosis and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) exposed in vitro to the nanoparticles were assessed using flow cytometry. The GLU-FTH nanoparticle vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of GLU-specific antibodies compared with GLU or a mixture of GLU and poly(I:C). Immunization with GLU-FTH achieved lower caries scores compared with those of the other vaccines. Administration of GLU-FTH nanoparticles enhanced phagocytosis by DCs and their maturation. Thus, self-assembling GLU-FTH is a highly effective anticaries mucosal vaccine that enhanced antibody production and inhibited S. mutans infection in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Cao
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM) , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM) , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Endodontics , School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Qian-Lin Ye
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM) , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xuan Hu
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM) , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Tian-Feng Wang
- c Department of Oral Radiology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ming-Wen Fan
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM) , School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Investigating the candidacy of the serotype specific rhamnan polysaccharide based glycoconjugates to prevent disease caused by the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Glycoconj J 2017; 35:53-64. [PMID: 28971282 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries remains a major health issue and the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans is considered as the major pathogen causing caries. More recently, S. mutans has been recognised as a cause of endocarditis, ulcerative colitis and fatty acid liver disease along with the likelihood of increased cerebral hemorrhage following a stroke if S. mutans is present systemically. We initiated this study to examine the vaccine candidacy of the serotype specific polysaccharides elaborated by S. mutans. We have confirmed the carbohydrate structures for the serotype specific rhamnan containing polysaccharides from serotypes c, f and k. We have prepared glycoconjugate vaccines using the rhamnan containing polymers from serotypes f and k and immunised mice and rabbits. We consistently obtained a robust immune response to the glycoconjugates with cross-reactivity consistent with the structural similarities of the polymers from the different serotypes. We developed an opsonophagocytic assay which illustrated the ability of the post-immune sera to facilitate opsonophagocytic killing of the homologous and heterologous serotypes at titers consistent with the structural homologies. We conclude that glycoconjugates of the rhamnan polymers of S. mutans are a potential vaccine candidate to target dental caries and other sequelae following the escape of S. mutans from the oral cavity.
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Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhou D, Cao Y, Yu J, Zhao B, Zhong M, Li Y, Yang J, Yan H. Flagellin-rPAc vaccine inhibits biofilm formation but not proliferation of S. mutans. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2847-2854. [PMID: 27392114 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1203496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main etiologic bacterium of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been considered as the primary object of vaccine research. We previously constructed a recombinant flagellin-rPAc fusion protein (KF-rPAc) that consists of an alanine-rich region to proline-rich region fragment of PAc (rPAc) from S. mutans and flagellin KF from E.coli K12 strain. Intranasal (i.n) immunization of KF-rPAc could induce high level of rPAc-specific antibody responses and offer robust protection against dental caries. In caries development, biofilm formation was considered as the necessary process involved. As PAc possesses other activities besides affecting adherence of S. mutans to salivary glycoproteins, we wondered whether rPAc-specific antibody responses induced by KF-rPAc could inhibit biofilm formation. Hence, in the present study, a simple and convenient in vitro biofilm model of S. mutans was constructed without saliva pre-coated. Both serum and saliva from KF-rPAc immunized rats significantly inhibited biofilm formation. Moreover, with the presence of serum or saliva, the biofilm formation is negatively correlated with the level of rPAc-specific antibody, and positively correlated with caries scores in rat. Moreover, in immunized mice, the level of rPAc-specific antibody also negatively correlated with the biofilm formation. Unlike ampicillin, serum of KF-rPAc immunized mice only inhibited biofilm formation but not proliferation. All together, we discovered that besides the well known blocking adherence of S. mutans to salivary glycoproteins by rPAc-specific antibody, flagellin-rPAc vaccine could also protects tooth from caries by inhibiting biofilm structure formation in between bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yi Yang
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yuan Cao
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jie Yu
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Bali Zhao
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Yaoming Li
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Huimin Yan
- a Mucosal Immunity Research Group , State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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8
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Taubman MA, Smith DJ. Mucosal Vaccines for Dental Diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Costalonga M, Herzberg MC. The oral microbiome and the immunobiology of periodontal disease and caries. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:22-38. [PMID: 25447398 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the oral microbiome differs from one intraoral site to another, reflecting in part the host response and immune capacity at each site. By focusing on two major oral infections, periodontal disease and caries, new principles of disease emerge. Periodontal disease affects the soft tissues and bone that support the teeth. Caries is a unique infection of the dental hard tissues. The initiation of both diseases is marked by an increase in the complexity of the microbiome. In periodontitis, pathobionts and keystone pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis appear in greater proportion than in health. As a keystone pathogen, P. gingivalis impairs host immune responses and appears necessary but not sufficient to cause periodontitis. Historically, dental caries had been causally linked to Streptococcus mutans. Contemporary microbiome studies now indicate that singular pathogens are not obvious in either caries or periodontitis. Both diseases appear to result from a perturbation among relatively minor constituents in local microbial communities resulting in dysbiosis. Emergent consortia of the minor members of the respective microbiomes act synergistically to stress the ability of the host to respond and protect. In periodontal disease, host protection first occurs at the level of innate gingival epithelial immunity. Secretory IgA antibody and other salivary antimicrobial systems also act against periodontopathic and cariogenic consortia. When the gingival immune response is impaired, periodontal tissue pathology results when matrix metalloproteinases are released from neutrophils and T cells mediate alveolar bone loss. In caries, several species are acidogenic and aciduric and appear to work synergistically to promote demineralization of the enamel and dentin. Whereas technically possible, particularly for caries, vaccines are unlikely to be commercialized in the near future because of the low morbidity of caries and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Costalonga
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Mark C Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United States
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10
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Cura F, Palmieri A, Girardi A, Martinelli M, Scapoli L, Carinci F. Lab-Test(®) 4: Dental caries and bacteriological analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 9:S139-41. [PMID: 23814571 PMCID: PMC3692161 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common infectious ultifactorial diseases worldwide, characterized by the progressive demineralization of the tooth, following the action of bacterial acid metabolism. The main factors predisposing the onset of the carious process are: 1) the presence of bacterial species able to lower the pH until critical values of 5.5, 2) the absence of adequate oral hygiene, 3) an inefficient immune response anti-caries, 4) the type of alimentary diet and 5) the structure of the teeth. Among the 200 bacterial species isolated from dental plaque the most pathogenic for dental caries are: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomices viscusus and Bifidobacterium dentium. Our laboratory (LAB® s.r.l., Codigoro, Ferrara, Italy) has developed a test for absolute and relative quantification of the most common oral cariogenic bacteria. The test uses specific primers and probes for the amplification of bacteria genome sequences in Polymerase Chain Reaction Real Time. The results provide a profile of patient infection, helpful for improving the diagnosis and planning of preventive treatment to reduce the bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cura
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Yan H. Salivary IgA enhancement strategy for development of a nasal-spray anti-caries mucosal vaccine. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:406-13. [PMID: 23633072 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries remains one of the most common global chronic diseases caused by Streptococcus mutans, which is prevalent all over the world. The caries prevalence of children aged between 5-6 years old in China is still in very high rate. A potent and effective anti-caries vaccine has long been expected for caries prevention but no vaccines have been brought to market till now mainly due to the low ability to induce and maintain protective antibody in oral fluids. This review will give a brief historical retrospect on study of dental caries and pathogenesis, effective targets for anti-caries vaccines, oral immune system and immunization against dental caries. Then, salivary IgA antibodies and the protective responses are discussed in the context of the ontogeny of mucosal immunity to indigenous oral streptococcal. The methods and advancement for induction of specific anti-caries salivary sIgA antibodies and enhancement of specific anti-caries salivary sIgA antibodies by intranasal immunization with a safe effective mucosal adjuvant are described. The progress in the enhancement of salivary sIgA antibodies and anti-caries protection by intranasal immunization with flagellin-PAc fusion protein will be highlighted. Finally, some of the main strategies that have been used for successful mucosal vaccination of caries vaccine are reviewed, followed by discussion of the mucosal adjuvant choice for achieving protective immunity at oral mucosal membranes for development of a nasal-spray or nasal-drop anti-caries vaccine for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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12
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Cole JN, Henningham A, Gillen CM, Ramachandran V, Walker MJ. Human pathogenic streptococcal proteomics and vaccine development. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:387-410. [PMID: 21136841 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive streptococci are non-motile, chain-forming bacteria commonly found in the normal oral and bowel flora of warm-blooded animals. Over the past decade, a proteomic approach combining 2-DE and MS has been used to systematically map the cellular, surface-associated and secreted proteins of human pathogenic streptococcal species. The public availability of complete streptococcal genomic sequences and the amalgamation of proteomic, genomic and bioinformatic technologies have recently facilitated the identification of novel streptococcal vaccine candidate antigens and therapeutic agents. The objective of this review is to examine the constituents of the streptococcal cell wall and secreted proteome, the mechanisms of transport of surface and secreted proteins, and describe the current methodologies employed for the identification of novel surface-displayed proteins and potential vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Cole
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Sun Y, Shi W, Yang JY, Zhou DH, Chen YQ, Zhang Y, Yang Y, He BX, Zhong MH, Li YM, Cao Y, Xiao Y, Li W, Yu J, Li YH, Fan MW, Yan HM. Flagellin-PAc fusion protein is a high-efficacy anti-caries mucosal vaccine. J Dent Res 2012; 91:941-7. [PMID: 22895510 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512457684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that an anti-caries DNA vaccine intranasally administered with recombinant flagellin protein as a mucosal adjuvant enhanced salivary IgA response and conferred better protection against caries. However, the relatively weak immunogenicity of DNA vaccines and the necessity for a large quantity of antigens remain significant challenges. Here, we fused the flagellin derived from E. coli (KF) and target antigen PAc containing the A-P fragment of PAc from S. mutans (rPAc) to produce a single recombinant protein (KF-rPAc). The abilities of KF-rPAc to induce rPAc-specific mucosal and systemic responses and protective efficiency against caries following intranasal immunization were compared with those of rPAc alone or a mixture of rPAc and KF (KF + rPAc) in rats. Results showed that KF-rPAc promoted significantly higher rPAc-specific antibodies in serum as well as in saliva than did an equivalent dose of rPAc alone or a mixture of KF + rPAc. Intranasal immunization of 8.5 µg KF-rPAc could achieve 64.2% reduction of dental caries in rats. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that flagellin and PAc fusion strategy is promising for anti-caries vaccine development, and KF-rPAc could be used as an anti-caries mucosal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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Shi W, Li Y, Liu F, Yang J, Zhou D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, He B, Han C, Fan M, Yan H. Flagellin Enhances Saliva IgA Response and Protection of Anti-caries DNA Vaccine. J Dent Res 2011; 91:249-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511424283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others have shown that anti-caries DNA vaccines, including pGJA-P/VAX, are promising for preventing dental caries. However, challenges remain because of the low immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. In this study, we used recombinant flagellin protein derived from Salmonella (FliC) as a mucosal adjuvant for anti-caries DNA vaccine (pGJA-P/VAX) and analyzed the effects of FliC protein on the serum PAc-specific IgG and saliva PAc-specific IgA antibody responses, the colonization of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) on rat teeth, and the formation of caries lesions. Our results showed that FliC promoted the production of PAc-specific IgG in serum and secretory IgA (S-IgA) in saliva of rats by intranasal immunization with pGJA-P/VAX plus FliC. Furthermore, we found that enhanced PAc-specific IgA responses in saliva were associated with the inhibition of S. mutans colonization of tooth surfaces and endowed better protection with significant fewer caries lesions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that recombinant FliC could enhance specific IgA responses in saliva and protective ability of pGJA-P/VAX, providing an effective mucosal adjuvant candidate for intranasal immunization of an anti-caries DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Shi
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Y.H. Li
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - F. Liu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - J.Y. Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - D.H. Zhou
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Y.Q. Chen
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - B.X. He
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - C. Han
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - M.W. Fan
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - H.M. Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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15
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Le Moigne V. Absence of amplification role of the protein KLH on antibody response generated by a MAP Staphyloccocus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) peptide comparing with the corresponding monomeric peptide. J Immunol Methods 2011; 365:110-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Parisotto T, King W, Duque C, Mattos-Graner R, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-dos-Santos M, Smith D. Immunological and Microbiologic Changes during Caries Development in Young Children. Caries Res 2011; 45:377-85. [DOI: 10.1159/000330230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Olsen I. New principles in ecological regulation – features from the oral cavity. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600600761273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Niu Y, Sun J, Fan M, Xu QA, Guo J, Jia R, Li Y. Construction of a New Fusion Anti-caries DNA Vaccine. J Dent Res 2009; 88:455-60. [PMID: 19493890 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509336727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutans streptococci (MS) are generally considered to be the principal etiological agent of dental caries. MS have two important virulence factors: cell- surface protein PAc and glucosyltransferases (GTFs). GTFs have two functional domains: an N-terminal catalytic sucrose-binding domain (CAT) and a C-terminal glucan-binding domain (GLU). A fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine, pGJA-P/VAX, encoding two important antigenic domains, PAc and GLU, of S. mutans, was successful in reducing the levels of dental caries caused by S. mutans in gnotobiotic animals. However, its protective effect against S. sobrinus infection proved to be weak. Does the DNA vaccine need an antigen of S. sobrinus to enhance its ability to inhibit infection? To answer this question, in this study, we cloned the catalytic ( cat) fragment of S. sobrinus gtf-I, which demonstrated its ability to inhibit water-insoluble glucan synthesis by S. sobrinus, into pGJA-P/VAX to produce a new anti-caries DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Niu
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J. Sun
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M. Fan
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q.-A. Xu
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J. Guo
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - R. Jia
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y. Li
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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19
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Liu GX, Xu QA, Jin J, Li YH, Jia R, Guo JH, Fan MW. Mucosal and systemic immunization with targeted fusion anti-caries DNA plasmid in young rats. Vaccine 2009; 27:2940-7. [PMID: 19428904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life vaccination is necessary to protect young children from dental caries. Our group had previously reported that a plasmid DNA vaccine pGJA-P/VAX against the glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and cell surface antigen AgI/II (PAc) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) elicited a specific and protective immunity in adult experimental animal models. In this report, early life immunization with the same plasmid was studied following intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) delivery in murine models. The potential of inducing mucosal and systemic immune responses to special antigens was measured by ELISA. In addition, cytokine production and protection effectiveness against dental caries formation were also investigated. In the i.n. route, rats were primed when they were 5 days old, and boosted after 10 and 20 days with either plasmid pGJA-P/VAX-bupivacaine complexes, or pGJA-P/VAX alone, or empty vector. The pGJA-P/VAX-bupivacaine combination was able to mount the immune responses characterized by increased antibody levels of specific salivary IgA and serum IgG, preferential IFN-gamma production and significant reduction in the dental caries lesions. In the i.m. route, rats were vaccinated with either pGJA-P/VAX alone or empty vector with the same immunization schedule as the i.n. route. Plasmid pGJA-P/VAX alone induced a significant increase in the serum IgG and IFN-gamma production. However, it was not effective in eliciting specific salivary IgA and in decreasing the dental caries formation. All these findings indicate the feasibility of immunity with a targeted fusion DNA vaccine to a young immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Liu
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Sanders ME, Cabana MD, Caglar E, Corthier G, Rayes N, Sherman PM, Timmerman HM, Vaneechoutte M, Van Loo J, Wolvers DAW. Probiotic and prebiotic influence beyond the intestinal tract. Nutr Rev 2008; 65:469-89. [PMID: 18038940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics have long been appreciated for their positive influences on gut health. Research on the mechanisms and effects of these agents shows that their impact reaches beyond the intestine. Effects on the microecology and pathology of the oral cavity, stomach, and vaginal tract have been observed. Likely mediated through immune influences, systemic effects such as reduced severity of colds or other respiratory conditions, impact on allergy incidence and symptoms, and reduced absences from work or daycare have also been noted. These observations, among others, suggest a broader spectrum of influence than commonly considered for these unique substances.
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22
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Secretory Immunity Following Mutans Streptococcal Infection or Immunization. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 319:131-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-73900-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Culshaw S, Han X, La Rosa K, Eastcott JW, Smith DJ, Taubman MA. Assessment of Human Immune Response to Mutans Streptococcal Glucosyltransferase Peptides Selected by MHC Class II Binding Probability. Int J Pept Res Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-007-9110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Culshaw S, Larosa K, Tolani H, Han X, Eastcott JW, Smith DJ, Taubman MA. Immunogenic and protective potential of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase peptide constructs selected by major histocompatibility complex class II allele binding. Infect Immun 2006; 75:915-23. [PMID: 17088351 PMCID: PMC1828508 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01582-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferases (GTF) have been demonstrated to be effective components of dental caries vaccines. We had previously selected peptide subunits of GTF for vaccine development based on putative functional significance and conservation of GTF primary structure among enzyme isoforms. In this study, 20 20-mer linear GTF peptides were synthesized, 17 identified on the basis of the highest potential major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-binding activity using computer-generated algorithms (Epimatrix and ProPred) and 3 with previously demonstrated functional significance. The immunoreactivities of these peptides were explored with rodent systems. Sera from GTF-immunized rats, assessed for binding to linear peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrated immunoglobulin G antibody reactivity with peptides 6 and 11 and a T-cell proliferation response to peptides 6, 9, 11, and 16. Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) constructs were synthesized from promising linear sequences. Rats that were immunized with MAP 7, 11, or 16, respectively, responded well to the immunizing MAP. Most importantly, a robust immune response (antibody and T-cell proliferation) was observed to native GTF following MAP 11 (amino acids 847 to 866; VVINNDKFVSWGITDFEM) immunization. This response inhibited GTF enzyme function. Two dental caries pathogenesis experiments were performed wherein rats were immunized with MAP constructs 11, 16, and/or 11 plus 16, followed by infection with cariogenic Streptococcus sobrinus. In both experiments cariogenic bacterial recoveries were reduced relative to total streptococci in the MAP 11- and MAP 11 plus 16-immunized groups, and the extent of dental caries was also significantly reduced in these groups. Thus, we have identified a peptide with projected avid MHC-binding activity that elicited immunoreactivity with native GTF and demonstrated protection against dental caries infection after immunization, implying that this peptide may be important in a subunit dental caries vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Culshaw
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115-3799, USA
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25
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Taubman MA, Nash DA. The scientific and public-health imperative for a vaccine against dental caries. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:555-63. [PMID: 16729013 DOI: 10.1038/nri1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is caused by one of the most ubiquitous bacterial infections of humans. In many countries such as Brazil and China, this disease is reaching epidemic proportions, and it is clear that a more effective public-health measure to combat dental caries is needed, because disadvantaged children are the most severely affected. One of the main groups of oral microorganisms, the mutans streptococci, has been associated with the aetiology of dental caries, and preclinical studies of immunological interventions have shown the feasibility of interfering with this disease. Moreover, clinical trials have indicated that a mucosal immune response to a crucial antigen(s) of mutans streptococci can influence the pathogenesis of dental caries. Evidence that this antigen(s) is appropriate for use in a vaccine against dental caries, as well as evidence for an appropriate target population of individuals and a logical time of administration, has now emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Taubman
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, 140 Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Dendrimers are branched structures and represent a fast growing field covering many areas of chemistry. Various types of dendrimers differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. The main stress is given to peptide dendrimers, namely, multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs). Their synthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, etc. have been described with many examples. MAPs can be used as diagnostics, mimetics, for complexation of different cations, as vaccines against parasites, bacteria, viruses, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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