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Blasco JM, Moreno E, Muñoz PM, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I. A review of three decades of use of the cattle brucellosis rough vaccine Brucella abortus RB51: myths and facts. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:211. [PMID: 37853407 PMCID: PMC10583465 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle brucellosis is a severe zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by Brucella abortus and B. melitensis. In some countries with appropriate infrastructure, animal tagging and movement control, eradication was possible through efficient diagnosis and vaccination with B. abortus S19, usually combined with test-and-slaughter (T/S). Although S19 elicits anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies that may interfere in the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), this issue is minimized using appropriate S19 vaccination protocols and irrelevant when high-prevalence makes mass vaccination necessary or when eradication requisites are not met. However, S19 has been broadly replaced by vaccine RB51 (a rifampin-resistant rough mutant) as it is widely accepted that is DIVA, safe and as protective as S19. These RB51 properties are critically reviewed here using the evidence accumulated in the last 35 years. Controlled experiments and field evidence shows that RB51 interferes in immunosorbent assays (iELISA, cELISA and others) and in complement fixation, issues accentuated by revaccinating animals previously immunized with RB51 or S19. Moreover, contacts with virulent brucellae elicit anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies in RB51 vaccinated animals. Thus, accepting that RB51 is truly DIVA results in extended diagnostic confusions and, when combined with T/S, unnecessary over-culling. Studies supporting the safety of RB51 are flawed and, on the contrary, there is solid evidence that RB51 is excreted in milk and abortifacient in pregnant animals, thus being released in abortions and vaginal fluids. These problems are accentuated by the RB51 virulence in humans, lack diagnostic serological tests detecting these infections and RB51 rifampicin resistance. In controlled experiments, protection by RB51 compares unfavorably with S19 and lasts less than four years with no evidence that RB51-revaccination bolsters immunity, and field studies reporting its usefulness are flawed. There is no evidence that RB51 protects cattle against B. melitensis, infection common when raised together with small ruminants. Finally, data acumulated during cattle brucellosis eradication in Spain shows that S19-T/S is far more efficacious than RB51-T/S, which does not differ from T/S alone. We conclude that the assumption that RB51 is DIVA, safe, and efficaceous results from the uncritical repetition of imperfectly examined evidence, and advise against its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Blasco
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - E Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - P M Muñoz
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, España
| | - R Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Moriyón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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2
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Oliveira KC, Brancaglion GA, Santos NCM, Araújo LP, Novaes E, Santos RDL, Oliveira SC, Corsetti PP, de Almeida LA. Epitope-Based Vaccine of a Brucella abortus Putative Small RNA Target Induces Protection and Less Tissue Damage in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778475. [PMID: 34992597 PMCID: PMC8724193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis in humans and animals. Currently available live attenuated vaccines against brucellosis still have drawbacks. Therefore, subunit vaccines, produced using epitope-based antigens, have the advantage of being safe, cost-effective and efficacious. Here, we identified B. abortus small RNAs expressed during early infection with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and an apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Int) was identified as the putative target of the greatest expressed small RNA. Decreased expression of Int was observed during BMDM infection and the protein sequence was evaluated to rationally select a putative immunogenic epitope by immunoinformatic, which was explored as a vaccinal candidate. C57BL/6 mice were immunized and challenged with B. abortus, showing lower recovery in the number of viable bacteria in the liver, spleen, and axillary lymph node and greater production of IgG and fractions when compared to non-vaccinated mice. The vaccinated and infected mice showed the increased expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 following expression of the anti-inflammatory genes IL-10 and TGF-β in the liver, justifying the reduction in the number and size of the observed granulomas. BMDMs stimulated with splenocyte supernatants from vaccinated and infected mice increase the CD86+ marker, as well as expressing greater amounts of iNOS and the consequent increase in NO production, suggesting an increase in the phagocytic and microbicidal capacity of these cells to eliminate the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cristina Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | - Natália C. M. Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P. Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Evandro Novaes
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Renato de Lima Santos
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Paiva Corsetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Augusto de Almeida, ; Patrícia Paiva Corsetti,
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Augusto de Almeida, ; Patrícia Paiva Corsetti,
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3
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Rodríguez-Beltrán É, López GD, Anzola JM, Rodríguez-Castillo JG, Carazzone C, Murcia MI. Heterogeneous fitness landscape cues, pknG low expression, and phthiocerol dimycocerosate low production of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC25618 rpoB S450L in enriched broth. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 132:102156. [PMID: 34891037 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (isoniazid/rifampin[RIF]-resistant TB) ravages developing countries. Fitness is critical in clinical outcomes. Previous studies on RIF-resistant TB (RR-TB) showed competitive fitness gains and losses, with rpoB-S450L as the most isolated/fit mutation. This study measured virulence/resistance genes, phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) levels and their relationship with rpoB S450L ATCC25618 RR-TB strain fitness. After obtaining 10 different RR-TB GenoType MTBDRplus 2.0-genotyped isolates (with nontyped, S441, H445 and S450 positions), only one S450L isolate (R9, rpoB-S450L ATCC 25618, RR 1 μg/mL) was observed, with H445Y being the most common. A competitive fitness in vitro assay with wild-type (wt) ATCC 25618: R9 1:1 in 50 mL Middlebrook 7H9/OADC was performed, and generation time (G) in vitro and relative fitness were obtained. mRNA and PDIM were extracted on log and stationary phases. Fitness decreased in rpoB S450L and H445Y strains, with heterogeneous fitness cues in three biological replicas of rpoB-S450L: one high and two low fitness replicas. S450L strain had significant pknG increase. Compared with S450L, wt-rpoB showed increased polyketide synthase ppsA expression and high PDIM peak measured by HPLC-MS in log phase compared to S450L. This contrasts with previously increased PDIM in other RR-TB isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Édgar Rodríguez-Beltrán
- MicobacUN Group, Microbiology Department, The National University of Colombia (NUC) School of Medicine, AV CR 30 45-03, Bogotá, D.C, 111321, Colombia
| | - Gerson-Dirceu López
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18A-12, Bogotá, D.C, 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Anzola
- Corpogen, CR 4 20-41, Bogotá, D.C, 110311, Colombia; Universidad Central, CR 5 21-38, Bogotá, D.C, 110311, Colombia
| | - Juan Germán Rodríguez-Castillo
- MicobacUN Group, Microbiology Department, The National University of Colombia (NUC) School of Medicine, AV CR 30 45-03, Bogotá, D.C, 111321, Colombia
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18A-12, Bogotá, D.C, 111711, Colombia
| | - Martha I Murcia
- MicobacUN Group, Microbiology Department, The National University of Colombia (NUC) School of Medicine, AV CR 30 45-03, Bogotá, D.C, 111321, Colombia.
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4
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Zhao B, Gong QL, Feng HF, Wang Q, Shi JF, Song YH, Liu F, Shi K, Zong Y, Du R, Li JM. Brucellosis prevalence in yaks in China in 1980-2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105532. [PMID: 34844124 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, the yak is an animal of particular economic interest, which provides protein and income for herders in daily life. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals, including yaks. It can damage the yak reproductive system, causing miscarriage and orchitis. At the same time, brucellosis threatens the health of herders. We performed this meta-analysis using R software to explore the combined prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in yak in China. Variability was assessed by the I2 statistic and Cochran Q statistic. We identified 52 publications of related research from four databases (Wanfang Data, VIP Chinese Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and of PubMed). The pooled prevalence of yak brucellosis was 8.39 %. Prevalence was highest in Southwestern China (11.1 %). The point estimate of brucellosis in yak from 2012 to 2016 was the highest (11.47 %). The point estimate of age ≤ 12 months (1.44 %) was lower than that of age > 12 months (15.6 %). This study shows that yak brucellosis is serious, and its incidence is higher than before 2012. We recommend carrying out large-scale yak brucellosis investigations in Western China and conducting comprehensive testing planning. The detection of brucellosis in adult animals should be strengthened to reduce the economic loss caused by brucellosis to herders and to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China; College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Feng
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Yu-Hao Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, PR China.
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5
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A safe non-toxic Brucella abortus ghosts induce immune responses and confer protection in BALB/c mice. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:117-124. [PMID: 32559678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis, which is caused by Brucella spp., is an important zoonotic infectious disease that can cause great hazard to public health and safety. However, the current vaccines have several drawbacks, including residual virulence for animals and humans. Bacterial ghost is the empty envelopes of bacteria, which emerge as a proper vaccine candidate. With the purpose of generating B. abortus ghosts and investigating the immunogenicity of bacterial ghosts as vaccine candidate, we used homologous recombination and bacterial ghost technologies to construct 2308ΔgntR ghost strain. Mice were injected with 2308ΔgntR ghost and the safety and immunogenicity of ghost were further evaluated. The mice inoculated with ghost showed no splenomegaly. The 2308ΔgntR ghost induced high protective immunity in BALB/c mice against challenge with S2308, and elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and induced the secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Additionally, 2308ΔgntR ghost demonstrated strong spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. These results suggest that 2308ΔgntR ghost is a potential vaccine candidate and may represent a promising new approach for vaccination against Brucella infection.
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6
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Jain-Gupta N, Waldrop SG, Tenpenny NM, Witonsky SG, Boyle SM, Sriranganathan N. Rough Brucella neotomae provides protection against Brucella suis challenge in mice. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108447. [PMID: 31767087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. Almost 500,000 new human cases occur each year; yet there is no vaccine for human use. Moreover, there is no universal Brucella vaccine that would provide protection against all pathogenic species of Brucella. We generated a rough, live-attenuated B. neotomae strain by deleting the wboA gene encoding a glycosyltransferase. This strain lacks the O-side chain in its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and thus the vaccinated animals can be differentiated serologically from the field-infected animals. We tested the efficacy of rough B. neotomae strain to stimulate dendritic cells compared to the smooth wild type strain. Based on TNF-α production, our data suggests that a significantly higher stimulation was obtained when dendritic cells were stimulated with the rough vaccine strain compared to the smooth wild type B. neotomae. Furthermore, the rough mutant was cleared from mice within 6 weeks even at a dose as high as 2 x 108 CFU. Vaccinated mice showed significantly higher level of protection against a virulent B. suis 1330 challenge compared to the control mice. Antibody titers in the mice and cytokine production by the splenocytes from the vaccinated mice showed a Th1 mediated immune response that correlated with the protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Jain-Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA
| | - Steven G Waldrop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA
| | - Nancy M Tenpenny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA
| | - Sharon G Witonsky
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA
| | - Stephen M Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA.
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7
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Hisham Y, Ashhab Y. Identification of Cross-Protective Potential Antigens against Pathogenic Brucella spp. through Combining Pan-Genome Analysis with Reverse Vaccinology. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1474517. [PMID: 30622973 PMCID: PMC6304850 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1474517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella suis are the most pathogenic species of this genus causing the majority of human and domestic animal brucellosis. There is a need to develop a safe and potent subunit vaccine to overcome the serious drawbacks of the live attenuated Brucella vaccines. The aim of this work was to discover antigen candidates conserved among the three pathogenic species. In this study, we employed a reverse vaccinology strategy to compute the core proteome of 90 completed genomes: 55 B. melitensis, 17 B. abortus, and 18 B. suis. The core proteome was analyzed by a metasubcellular localization prediction pipeline to identify surface-associated proteins. The identified proteins were thoroughly analyzed using various in silico tools to obtain the most potential protective antigens. The number of core proteins obtained from analyzing the 90 proteomes was 1939 proteins. The surface-associated proteins were 177. The number of potential antigens was 87; those with adhesion score ≥ 0.5 were considered antigen with "high potential," while those with a score of 0.4-0.5 were considered antigens with "intermediate potential." According to a cumulative score derived from protein antigenicity, density of MHC-I and MHC-II epitopes, MHC allele coverage, and B-cell epitope density scores, a final list of 34 potential antigens was obtained. Remarkably, most of the 34 proteins are associated with bacterial adhesion, invasion, evasion, and adaptation to the hostile intracellular environment of macrophages which is adjusted to deprive Brucella of required nutrients. Our results provide a manageable list of potential protective antigens for developing a potent vaccine against brucellosis. Moreover, our elaborated analysis can provide further insights into novel Brucella virulence factors. Our next step is to test some of these antigens using an appropriate antigen delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Hisham
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, State of Palestine
| | - Yaqoub Ashhab
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, State of Palestine
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Li Z, Wang S, Zhang H, Xi L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Yi J, Li M, Zhang W, Zhang J. Development and evaluation of in murine model, of an improved live-vaccine candidate against brucellosis from to Brucella melitensis vjbR deletion mutant. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:250-257. [PMID: 30149131 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease that brings enormous economic burdens for developing countries. The Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) M5-90 vaccine strain (M5-90) has been used on a large scale in China, but may cause abortions if given to pregnant goats or sheep subcutaneously during the late stages of gestation. Moreover, the vaccine M5-90 cannot differentiate natural from vaccinated infection. Therefore, a safer and more potent M5-90 vaccine is required. In this study, a vjbR mutant of M5-90 (M5-90ΔvjbR) was constructed and overcame these drawbacks. M5-90ΔvjbR strain showed reduced survival capability in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice and induced high protective immunity in mice. In addition, M5-90ΔvjbR induced an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and stimulated the expression of gamma interferon (INF-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, M5-90ΔvjbR induced IgG response and stimulated the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in immunized sheep. Moreover, the VjbR antigen allowed serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that M5-90ΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated and efficacious live vaccine candidate against B. melitensis 16 M infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Li Xi
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaogen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jihai Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- College of Biology, Agriculture and Forestry, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, Guizhou, China
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9
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Zhang J, Yin S, Yi D, Zhang H, Li Z, Guo F, Chen C, Fang W, Wang J. The Brucella melitensis M5-90ΔmanB live vaccine candidate is safer than M5-90 and confers protection against wild-type challenge in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:148-155. [PMID: 28916316 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Although effective, the current Brucella vaccines (strain M5-90 or others) have several drawbacks. The first is their residual virulence for animals and humans and the second is their inability to differentiate natural infection from that caused by vaccination. In the present study, Brucella melitensis M5-90 manB mutant (M5-90ΔmanB) was generated to overcome these drawbacks. M5-90ΔmanB showed significantly reduced survival in macrophages and mice, and induced strong protective immunity in BALB/c mice. It elicited anti-Brucella-specific IgG1 and IgG2a subtype responses and induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4). Results of immune assays showed, M5-90ΔmanB immunization induced the secretion of IFN-γ in goats, and serum samples from goats inoculated with M5-90ΔmanB were negative by Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). Further, the ManB antigen also allows serological assays differentiate infections caused by wild strains from infections by vaccination. These results show that M5-90ΔmanB is a suitable attenuated vaccine candidate against virulent Brucella melitensis 16 M (16 M) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhang
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning (Cultural and Technological Industry Innovation Research Center), Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100204, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghong Yin
- College of One Health, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
| | - Dewu Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of One Health, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100204, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiafu Wang
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning (Cultural and Technological Industry Innovation Research Center), Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
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10
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Li Z, Wang S, Zhang J, Yang G, Yuan B, Huang J, Han J, Xi L, Xiao Y, Chen C, Zhang H. Brucella abortus 2308ΔNodVΔNodW double-mutant is highly attenuated and confers protection against wild-type challenge in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:30-39. [PMID: 28131952 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, which causes animal and human disease. However, the current Brucella abortus (B. abortus) vaccines (S19 and RB51) have several drawbacks, including residual virulence for animals and humans. Moreover, S19 cannot allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. We constructed double deletion (ΔNodVΔNodW) mutant from virulent B. abortus 2308 (S2308) by deleting the genes encoding two-component regulatory system (TCS) in chromosome II in S2308.2308ΔNodVΔNodW was significantly reduced survival in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice. Moreover, the inoculated mice showed no splenomegaly. The mutant induced high protective immunity in BALB/c mice against challenge with S2308, and elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Moreover, NODV and NODW antigens would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308ΔNodVΔNodW mutant is a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate and can be used effectively against bovine brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Guangli Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Baodong Yuan
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jincheng Han
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Li Xi
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
| | - Yanren Xiao
- Institution of Forestry Bureau, Nangong 055750, Hebei, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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11
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Carvalho TF, Haddad JPA, Paixão TA, Santos RL. Meta-Analysis and Advancement of Brucellosis Vaccinology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166582. [PMID: 27846274 PMCID: PMC5112997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives In spite of all the research effort for developing new vaccines against brucellosis, it remains unclear whether these new vaccine technologies will in fact become widely used. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to identify parameters that influence vaccine efficacy as well as a descriptive analysis on how the field of Brucella vaccinology is advancing concerning type of vaccine, improvement of protection on animal models over time, and factors that may affect protection in the mouse model. Methods A total of 117 publications that met the criteria were selected for inclusion in this study, with a total of 782 individual experiments analyzed. Results Attenuated (n = 221), inactivated (n = 66) and mutant (n = 102) vaccines provided median protection index above 2, whereas subunit (n = 287), DNA (n = 68), and vectored (n = 38) vaccines provided protection indexes lower than 2. When all categories of experimental vaccines are analyzed together, the trend line clearly demonstrates that there was no improvement of the protection indexes over the past 30 years, with a low negative and non significant linear coefficient. A meta-regression model was developed including all vaccine categories (attenuated, DNA, inactivated, mutant, subunit, and vectored) considering the protection index as a dependent variable and the other parameters (mouse strain, route of vaccination, number of vaccinations, use of adjuvant, challenge Brucella species) as independent variables. Some of these variables influenced the expected protection index of experimental vaccines against Brucella spp. in the mouse model. Conclusion In spite of the large number of publication over the past 30 years, our results indicate that there is not clear trend to improve the protective potential of these experimental vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane F. Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo A. Haddad
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A. Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato L. Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Li ZQ, Gui D, Sun ZH, Zhang JB, Zhang WZ, Zhang H, Guo F, Chen CF. Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308ΔwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection. J Vet Sci 2016; 16:467-73. [PMID: 26040616 PMCID: PMC4701739 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308ΔwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308ΔwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308ΔwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308ΔwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,School of life sciences, Shangqiu normal university, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Dan Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zhi-hua Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jun-bo Zhang
- College of Biology, Agriculture and Forestry, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Wen-zhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,College of Co-Innovation Center for Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the Western Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Biology, Agriculture and Forestry, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China.,College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chuang-fu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,College of Co-Innovation Center for Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the Western Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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13
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Tabynov K. Influenza viral vector based Brucella abortus vaccine: a novel vaccine candidate for veterinary practice. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1237-9. [PMID: 27356589 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaissar Tabynov
- a Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention , The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Zhambulskaya oblast, Kordaiskiy rayon , Gvardeisky , Republic of Kazakhstan
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14
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Zhang Y, Li T, Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Feng H, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhang H. The Brucella melitensis M5-90 phosphoglucomutase (PGM) mutant is attenuated and confers protection against wild-type challenge in BALB/c mice. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:58. [PMID: 26925620 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brucellae are Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogens that infect humans and animals, bringing great economic burdens to developing countries. Live attenuated Brucella vaccines (strain M5-90 or others) are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal brucellosis. However, these vaccines have several drawbacks, including residual virulence in animals, and difficulties in differentiating natural infection from vaccine immunization, which limit their application. A vaccine that can differentiate infection from immunization will have extensive applications. A Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) strain M5-90 pgm mutant (M5-90Δpgm) was constructed to overcome these drawbacks. M5-90Δpgm showed significantly reduced survival in embryonic trophoblast cells and in mice, and induced high protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Moreover, M5-90Δpgm elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). In addition, M5-90Δpgm induced the secretion of IFN-γ in immunized sheep. Serum samples from sheep inoculated with M5-90Δpgm were negative by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). Furthermore, the PGM antigen allowed serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that M5-90Δpgm is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis 16 M and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanping Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gliniewicz K, Wildung M, Orfe LH, Wiens GD, Cain KD, Lahmers KK, Snekvik KR, Call DR. Potential mechanisms of attenuation for rifampicin-passaged strains of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:179. [PMID: 26377311 PMCID: PMC4571129 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease in salmonids. Earlier research showed that a rifampicin-passaged strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259-93B.17) caused no disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) while inducing a protective immune response against challenge with the virulent CSF 259–93 strain. We hypothesized that rifampicin passage leads to an accumulation of genomic mutations that, by chance, reduce virulence. To assess the pattern of phenotypic and genotypic changes associated with passage, we examined proteomic, LPS and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences for two F. psychrophilum strains (CSF 259–93 and THC 02–90) that were passaged with and without rifampicin selection. Results Rifampicin resistance was conveyed by expected mutations in rpoB, although affecting different DNA bases depending on the strain. One rifampicin-passaged CSF 259–93 strain (CR) was attenuated (4 % mortality) in challenged fish, but only accumulated eight nonsynonymous SNPs compared to the parent strain. A CSF 259–93 strain passaged without rifampicin (CN) accumulated five nonsynonymous SNPs and was partially attenuated (28 % mortality) compared to the parent strain (54.5 % mortality). In contrast, there were no significant change in fish mortalities among THC 02–90 wild-type and passaged strains, despite numerous SNPs accumulated during passage with (n = 174) and without rifampicin (n = 126). While only three missense SNPs were associated with attenuation, a Ser492Phe rpoB mutation in the CR strain may contribute to further attenuation. All strains except CR retained a gliding motility phenotype. Few proteomic differences were observed by 2D SDS-PAGE and there were no apparent changes in LPS between strains. Comparative methylome analysis of two strains (CR and TR) identified no shared methylation motifs for these two strains. Conclusion Multiple genomic changes arose during passage experiments with rifampicin selection pressure. Consistent with our hypothesis, unique strain-specific mutations were detected for the fully attenuated (CR), partially attenuated (CN) and another fully attenuated strain (B17). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0518-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gliniewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
| | - Mark Wildung
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Core, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Lisa H Orfe
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Kevin K Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. .,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Kevin R Snekvik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Douglas R Call
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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16
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Liu J, Li Y, Sun Y, Ji X, Zhu L, Guo X, Zhou W, Zhou B, Liu S, Zhang R, Feng S. Immune responses and protection induced by Brucella suis S2 bacterial ghosts in mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Li Z, Zhang J, Zhang KE, Fu Q, Wang Z, Li T, Zhang H, Guo F, Chen C. Brucella melitensis 16MΔTcfSR as a potential live vaccine allows for the differentiation between natural and vaccinated infection. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1182-1188. [PMID: 26622461 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to public health and safety. Although the live attenuated vaccines targeting brucellosis, such as M5-90, are effective, there are a number of drawbacks to their use. For example, the vaccines are unable to differentiate between the natural and vaccinated forms of the infection, and these vaccines have also been shown to cause abortion in pregnant animals. Therefore, a safer and more potent vaccine is required. In the present study, a B. melitensis 16M TcfSR promoter mutant (16MΔTcfSR) was constructed in an attempt to overcome these drawbacks. A TcfSR mutant was derived from B. melitensis 16M and tested for virulence and protection efficiency. Levels of immuoglobulin G (IgG), and cytokine production were determined. In addition, TcfS was assessed as a diagnostic marker for brucellosis. The survival capacity of the 16MΔTcfSR mutant was shown to be attenuated in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and BALB/c mice, and the vaccination was shown to induce a high level of protective immunity in BALB/c mice. In addition, the 16MΔTcfSR vaccination elicited an anti-Brucella-specific IgG response and induced the secretion of interferon-γ. Thus, the TcfS antigen allowed for the serological differentiation between the natural and vaccinated infection in animals. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the 16MΔTcfSR mutant was attenuated in murine macrophage cells and BALB/c mice; therefore, 16MΔTcfSR is a potential candidate for a live attenuated vaccine against B. melitensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - K E Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Tiansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
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18
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A potent Brucella abortus 2308 Δery live vaccine allows for the differentiation between natural and vaccinated infection. J Microbiol 2014; 52:681-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Moreno E. Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:213. [PMID: 24860561 PMCID: PMC4026726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Brucella are pathogenic bacteria exceedingly well adapted to their hosts. The bacterium is transmitted by direct contact within the same host species or accidentally to secondary hosts, such as humans. Human brucellosis is strongly linked to the management of domesticated animals and ingestion of their products. Since the domestication of ungulates and dogs in the Fertile Crescent and Asia in 12000 and 33000 ya, respectively, a steady supply of well adapted emergent Brucella pathogens causing zoonotic disease has been provided. Likewise, anthropogenic modification of wild life may have also impacted host susceptibility and Brucella selection. Domestication and human influence on wild life animals are not neutral phenomena. Consequently, Brucella organisms have followed their hosts’ fate and have been selected under conditions that favor high transmission rate. The “arm race” between Brucella and their preferred hosts has been driven by genetic adaptation of the bacterium confronted with the evolving immune defenses of the host. Management conditions, such as clustering, selection, culling, and vaccination of Brucella preferred hosts have profound influences in the outcome of brucellosis and in the selection of Brucella organisms. Countries that have controlled brucellosis systematically used reliable smooth live vaccines, consistent immunization protocols, adequate diagnostic tests, broad vaccination coverage and sustained removal of the infected animals. To ignore and misuse tools and strategies already available for the control of brucellosis may promote the emergence of new Brucella variants. The unrestricted use of low-efficacy vaccines may promote a “false sense of security” and works towards selection of Brucella with higher virulence and transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Heredia, Costa Rica ; Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica San José, Costa Rica
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20
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WANG XIURAN, WANG LIN, LU TIANCHENG, YANG YANLING, CHEN SI, ZHANG RUI, LANG XULONG, YAN GUANGMOU, QIAN JING, WANG XIAOXU, MENG LINGYI, WANG XINGLONG. Effects of partial deletion of the wzm and wzt genes on lipopolysaccharide synthesis and virulence of Brucella abortus S19. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2521-7. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Wang XR, Yan GM, Zhang R, Lang XL, Yang YL, Li XY, Chen S, Qian J, Wang XL. Immunogenic response induced by wzm and wzt gene deletion mutants from Brucella abortus S19. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:653-8. [PMID: 24247358 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease affecting humans and animals worldwide. Effective methods of control include inducing immunity in animals by vaccination and elimination. Brucella abortus S19 is one of the popular vaccines for control of cattle brucellosis, as it has low virulence. In this paper, allelic exchange plasmids of wzm and wzt genes were constructed and partially knocked out to evaluate the effects on the induction of immunity to Brucella abortus S19 mutants. Cytokine secretion in vitro, INF-γ induction in vivo and antibody dynamics were evaluated. These data suggested that the immunity-eliciting ability of the wzm and wzt gene deletion mutants was similar, although reduced compared with the S19 strain. The results demonstrated that the wzt gene may be more important in the regulation of the induction of immunity than the wzm gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ran Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Mou Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Long Lang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Changchun 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Changchun 130122, P.R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Changchun 130122, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, AMMS, Changchun 130122, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Long Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
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22
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Vahedi F, Ghorbani E, Falsafi T. Construction of an expression plasmid (vector) encoding Brucella melitensis outer membrane protein, a candidate for DNA vaccine. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 1:82-86. [PMID: 26989713 PMCID: PMC4757060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA vaccination with plasmid encoding bacterial, viral, and parasitic immunogens has been shown to be an attractive method to induce efficient immune responses. Bacteria of the genus Brucella are facultative intracellular pathogens for which new and efficient vaccines are needed. METHODS To evaluate the use of a DNA immunization strategy for protection against brucellosis, a plasmid containing the DNA encoding the Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) 31 kDa outer membrane protein, as a potent immunogenic target, was constructed. RESULTS The constructed plasmid, pcDNA3.1+omp31, was injected intramuscularly into mice and the expression of omp31 RNA was assessed by RT-PCR. The integrity of the pcDNA3.1+omp31 construct was confirmed with restriction analysis and sequencing. Omp31 mRNA expression was verified by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the pcDNA3.1+omp31 eukaryotic expression vector expresses omp31 mRNA and could be useful as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahedi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Microbiology Department, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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YANG X, SKYBERG JA, CAO L, CLAPP B, THORNBURG T, PASCUAL DW. Progress in Brucella vaccine development. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2013; 8:60-77. [PMID: 23730309 PMCID: PMC3666581 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella spp. are zoonotic, facultative intracellular pathogens, which cause animal and human disease. Animal disease results in abortion of fetuses; in humans, it manifests flu-like symptoms with an undulant fever, with osteoarthritis as a common complication of infection. Antibiotic regimens for human brucellosis patients may last several months and are not always completely effective. While there are no vaccines for humans, several licensed live Brucella vaccines are available for use in livestock. The performance of these animal vaccines is dependent upon the host species, dose, and route of immunization. Newly engineered live vaccines, lacking well-defined virulence factors, retain low residual virulence, are highly protective, and may someday replace currently used animal vaccines. These also have possible human applications. Moreover, due to their enhanced safety and efficacy in animal models, subunit vaccines for brucellosis show great promise for their application in livestock and humans. This review summarizes the progress of brucellosis vaccine development and presents an overview of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong YANG
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Jerod A. SKYBERG
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Ling CAO
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Beata CLAPP
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - Theresa THORNBURG
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
| | - David W. PASCUAL
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3610, USA
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24
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Sandalakis V, Psaroulaki A, De Bock PJ, Christidou A, Gevaert K, Tsiotis G, Tselentis Y. Investigation of rifampicin resistance mechanisms in Brucella abortus using MS-driven comparative proteomics. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2374-85. [PMID: 22360387 DOI: 10.1021/pr201122w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the rpoB gene have already been shown to contribute to rifampicin resistance in many bacterial strains including Brucella species. Resistance against this antibiotic easily occurs and resistant strains have already been detected in human samples. We here present the first research project that combines proteomic, genomic, and microbiological analysis to investigate rifampicin resistance in an in vitro developed rifampicin resistant strain of Brucella abortus 2308. In silico analysis of the rpoB gene was performed and several antibiotics used in the therapy of Brucellosis were used for cross resistance testing. The proteomic profiles were examined and compared using MS-driven comparative proteomics. The resistant strain contained an already described mutation in the rpoB gene, V154F. A correlation between rifampicin resistance and reduced susceptibility on trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was detected by E-test and supported by the proteomics results. Using 12 836 MS/MS spectra we identified 6753 peptides corresponding to 456 proteins. The resistant strain presented 39 differentially regulated proteins most of which are involved in various metabolic pathways. Results from our research suggest that rifampicin resistance in Brucella mostly involves mutations in the rpoB gene, excitation of several metabolic processes, and perhaps the use of the already existing secretion mechanisms at a more efficient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Sandalakis
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Extended safety and efficacy studies of the attenuated Brucella vaccine candidates 16 M(Delta)vjbR and S19(Delta)vjbR in the immunocompromised IRF-1-/- mouse model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 19:249-60. [PMID: 22169089 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05321-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of brucellosis and high incidence in certain areas of the world warrant the development of a safer and efficacious vaccine. For the past 10 years, we have focused our attention on the development of a safer, but still highly protective, live attenuated vaccine for human and animal use. We have demonstrated the safety and protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates 16 MΔvjbR and S19ΔvjbR against homologous and heterologous challenge in multiple immunocompetent animal models, including mice and deer. In the present study, we conducted a series of experiments to determine the safety of the vaccine candidates in interferon regulatory factor-1-knockout (IRF-1(-/-)) mice. IRF-1(-/-) mice infected with either wild-type Brucella melitensis 16 M or the vaccine strain Brucella abortus S19 succumb to the disease within the first 3 weeks of infection, which is characterized by a marked granulomatous and neutrophilic inflammatory response that principally targets the spleen and liver. In contrast, IRF-1(-/-) mice inoculated with either the 16 MΔvjbR or S19ΔvjbR vaccine do not show any clinical or major pathological changes associated with vaccination. Additionally, when 16 MΔvjbR- or S19ΔvjbR-vaccinated mice are challenged with wild-type Brucella melitensis 16M, the degree of colonization in multiple organs, along with associated pathological changes, is significantly reduced. These findings not only demonstrate the safety and protective efficacy of the vjbR mutant in an immunocompromised mouse model but also suggest the participation of lesser-known mechanisms in protective immunity against brucellosis.
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Adone R, Muscillo M, La Rosa G, Francia M, Tarantino M. Antigenic, immunologic and genetic characterization of rough strains B. abortus RB51, B. melitensis B115 and B. melitensis B18. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24073. [PMID: 22065984 PMCID: PMC3204967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered the major virulent factor in Brucella spp. Several genes have been identified involved in the synthesis of the three LPS components: lipid A, core and O-PS. Usually, Brucella strains devoid of O-PS (rough mutants) are less virulent than the wild type and do not induce undesirable interfering antibodies. Such of them proved to be protective against brucellosis in mice. Because of these favorable features, rough strains have been considered potential brucellosis vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the antigenic, immunologic and genetic characteristics of rough strains B.abortus RB51, B.melitensis B115 and B.melitensis B18. RB51 derived from B.abortus 2308 virulent strain and B115 is a natural rough strain in which the O-PS is present in the cytoplasm. B18 is a rough rifampin-resistan mutant isolated in our laboratory. The surface antigenicity of RB51, B115 and B18 was evaluated by testing their ability to bind antibodies induced by rough or smooth Brucella strains. The antibody response induced by each strain was evaluated in rabbits. Twenty-one genes, involved in the LPS-synthesis, were sequenced and compared with the B.melitensis 16M strain. The results indicated that RB51, B115 and B18 have differences in antigenicity, immunologic and genetic properties. Particularly, in B115 a nonsense mutation was detected in wzm gene, which could explain the intracellular localization of O-PS in this strain. Complementation studies to evaluate the precise role of each mutation in affecting Brucella morphology and its virulence, could provide useful information for the assessment of new, attenuated vaccines for brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Adone
- Dipartimento Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
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Adone R, Francia M, Pistoia C, Pesciaroli M, Pasquali P. B. melitensis rough strain B115 is protective against heterologous Brucella spp. infections. Vaccine 2011; 29:2523-9. [PMID: 21300102 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most serious zoonoses all over the world, with B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis being the most pathogenic species for humans. Vaccination of domesticated livestock still represents the most efficient way to prevent human infection. However, the available Brucella vaccines retain an important residual virulence and induce antibodies interfering with surveillance programs. Moreover, each vaccine shows different protective effects versus different Brucella species and different animal hosts. Nowadays, while B. melitensis and B. suis infections in cattle are emerging as a significant problem, there are no available vaccines to overcome such issue. B. melitensis strain B115, a natural, attenuated rough strain in our previous studies proved to be highly protective against B. melitensis and B. ovis infections in mice, without inducing interfering antibodies. In this study, we tested the efficiency of B115 as vaccine against B. abortus and B. suis. Vaccination of mice with 10(8) CFU/mouse of B. melitensis B115 conferred a satisfactory protection against B. abortus 2308. On the contrary, mice vaccinated once with 10(8) or 10(9) CFU/mouse of B115 were weakly protected against B. suis infection. Conversely, when mice were vaccinated twice with 10(9) CFU B115/mouse, the protective activity significantly increased. Unlike its rough phenotype, B115 showed an adequate persistence in mice accompanied to a solid humoral and cell-mediated immunity. All together, these findings suggest the potential usefulness of B115 to control brucellosis in animal hosts due to heterologous challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Adone
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Tupin A, Gualtieri M, Roquet-Banères F, Morichaud Z, Brodolin K, Leonetti JP. Resistance to rifampicin: at the crossroads between ecological, genomic and medical concerns. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 35:519-23. [PMID: 20185278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The first antibiotic of the ansamycin family, rifampicin (RIF), was isolated in 1959 and was introduced into therapy in 1962; it is still a first-line agent in the treatment of diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy and various biofilm-related infections. The antimicrobial activity of RIF is due to its inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Most frequently, bacteria become resistant to RIF through mutation of the target; however, this mechanism is not unique. Other mechanisms of resistance have been reported, such as duplication of the target, action of RNAP-binding proteins, modification of RIF and modification of cell permeability. We suggest that several of these alternative resistance strategies could reflect the ecological function of RIF, such as autoregulation and/or signalling to surrounding microorganisms. Very often, resistance mechanisms found in the clinic have an environmental origin. One may ask whether the introduction of the RIF analogues rifaximin, rifalazil, rifapentine and rifabutin in the therapeutic arsenal, together with the diversification of the pathologies treated by these molecules, will diversify the resistance mechanisms of human pathogens against ansamycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Tupin
- Université Montpellier 1, Centre d'Etudes d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), CNRS, UMR 5236, 4 Bd Henri IV, CS 69033, F-34965 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France.
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Yang X, Thornburg T, Walters N, Pascual DW. DeltaznuADeltapurE Brucella abortus 2308 mutant as a live vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2010; 28:1069-74. [PMID: 19914192 PMCID: PMC9811401 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To create a new, safe brucellosis live vaccine, a double mutant strain was constructed from Brucella abortus 2308. Using the DeltaznuA B. abortus 2308 mutant, a second mutation was introduced by deleting purE gene. The DeltaznuA DeltapurE B. abortus 2308 strain was less capable of surviving in macrophages. When evaluated in vivo, it was cleared within 8 weeks (wks) from mice, causing significantly less inflammation than spleens obtained from wild-type B. abortus 2308-infected mice. Furthermore, two doses of DeltaznuA DeltapurE B. abortus 2308 conferred 0.79 log protection, similar to S19 as did a single dose of DeltaznuA B. abortus 2308. Thus, this study shows the DeltaznuA DeltapurE B. abortus 2308 strain to be a potential livestock vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David W. Pascual
- Corresponding author at: Veterinary Molecular Biology, Molecular Biosciences Building, 960 Technology Blvd., Bozeman, MT 59718-4000, United States. Tel.: +1 406 994 6244; fax: +1 406 994 4303. (D.W. Pascual)
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Adone R, Francia M, Ciuchini F. Evaluation of Brucella melitensis B115 as rough-phenotype vaccine against B. melitensis and B. ovis infections. Vaccine 2008; 26:4913-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adone R, Francia M, Ciuchini F. Brucella melitensisB115-based complement fixation test to detect antibodies induced byBrucellarough strains. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:567-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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González D, Grilló MJ, De Miguel MJ, Ali T, Arce-Gorvel V, Delrue RM, Conde-Álvarez R, Muñoz P, López-Goñi I, Iriarte M, Marín CM, Weintraub A, Widmalm G, Zygmunt M, Letesson JJ, Gorvel JP, Blasco JM, Moriyón I. Brucellosis vaccines: assessment of Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide rough mutants defective in core and O-polysaccharide synthesis and export. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2760. [PMID: 18648644 PMCID: PMC2453230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brucellae are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the major neglected zoonoses. In endemic areas, vaccination is the only effective way to control this disease. Brucella melitensis Rev 1 is a vaccine effective against the brucellosis of sheep and goat caused by B. melitensis, the commonest source of human infection. However, Rev 1 carries a smooth lipopolysaccharide with an O-polysaccharide that elicits antibodies interfering in serodiagnosis, a major problem in eradication campaigns. Because of this, rough Brucella mutants lacking the O-polysaccharide have been proposed as vaccines. Methodology/Principal Findings To examine the possibilities of rough vaccines, we screened B. melitensis for lipopolysaccharide genes and obtained mutants representing all main rough phenotypes with regard to core oligosaccharide and O-polysaccharide synthesis and export. Using the mouse model, mutants were classified into four attenuation patterns according to their multiplication and persistence in spleens at different doses. In macrophages, mutants belonging to three of these attenuation patterns reached the Brucella characteristic intracellular niche and multiplied intracellularly, suggesting that they could be suitable vaccine candidates. Virulence patterns, intracellular behavior and lipopolysaccharide defects roughly correlated with the degree of protection afforded by the mutants upon intraperitoneal vaccination of mice. However, when vaccination was applied by the subcutaneous route, only two mutants matched the protection obtained with Rev 1 albeit at doses one thousand fold higher than this reference vaccine. These mutants, which were blocked in O-polysaccharide export and accumulated internal O-polysaccharides, stimulated weak anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies. Conclusions/Significance The results demonstrate that no rough mutant is equal to Rev 1 in laboratory models and question the notion that rough vaccines are suitable for the control of brucellosis in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Grilló
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Jesús De Miguel
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Sanidad Animal, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tara Ali
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilma Arce-Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Rose-May Delrue
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Microbiologie - Unité de Recherche en Biologie Moléculaire (URBM), Facultés Universitaires - Notre-Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Namur, Belgium
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Sanidad Animal, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio López-Goñi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Iriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Clara-M. Marín
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Sanidad Animal, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrej Weintraub
- Karolinska Institute, Department Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel Zygmunt
- INRA, UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, IASP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Microbiologie - Unité de Recherche en Biologie Moléculaire (URBM), Facultés Universitaires - Notre-Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U631, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - José-María Blasco
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Sanidad Animal, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kahl-McDonagh MM, Ficht TA. Evaluation of protection afforded by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis unmarked deletion mutants exhibiting different rates of clearance in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 2006; 74:4048-57. [PMID: 16790778 PMCID: PMC1489724 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01787-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research for novel Brucella vaccines has focused upon the development of live vaccine strains, which have proven more efficacious than killed or subunit vaccines. In an effort to develop improved vaccines, signature-tagged mutant banks were screened to identify mutants attenuated for survival. Mutants selected from these screens exhibited various degrees of attenuation characterized by the rate of clearance, ranging from a failure to grow in macrophages after 24 h of infection to a failure to persist in the mouse model beyond 8 weeks. Ideal vaccine candidates should be safe to the host, while evoking protective immunity. In the present work, we constructed unmarked deletion mutants of three gene candidates, manBA, virB2, and asp24, in both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. The Deltaasp24 mutants, which persist for extended periods in vivo, are superior to current vaccine strains and to other deletion strains tested in the mouse model against homologous challenge infection after 12, 16, and 20 weeks postvaccination. The Deltaasp24 mutants also display superior protection compared to DeltamanBA and DeltavirB2 mutants against heterologous challenge in mice. From this study, a direct association between protection against infection and cytokine response was not apparent between all vaccine groups and, therefore, correlates of protective immunity will need to be considered further. A distinct correlation between persistence of the vaccine strain and protection against infection was corroborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kahl-McDonagh
- Texas A&M University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, MS 4467, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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