1
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Hai H, Yang M, Cheng Z, Ma K, Shang F. Potential Role of SdiA in Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2199. [PMID: 39123725 PMCID: PMC11311028 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) constitutes a significant cause of colibacillosis, a localized or systemic inflammatory disorder in avian species, resulting in considerable economic losses within the global poultry industry. SdiA (suppressor of division inhibitor) is a transcription factor recognized as a LuxR homolog in Escherichia coli, regulating various behaviors, including biofilm formation, multidrug resistance, and the secretion of virulence factors. However, the function of SdiA in APEC strains and its correlation with virulence and multidrug resistance remains unknown. This study probed into the function of SdiA by analyzing the effect of sdiA deletion on the transcription profile of an APEC strain. The microarray data revealed that SdiA upregulates 160 genes and downregulates 59 genes, exerting a particularly remarkable influence on the transcription of multiple virulence genes. A series of antibiotic sensitivity tests, biofilm formation assays, motility assays, and transcriptome analyses were performed, while a Normality test and t-test were conducted on the datasets. This research confirmed that SdiA inhibits biofilm formation by 1.9-fold (p-value < 0.01) and motility by 1.5-fold (p-value < 0.01). RT-qPCR revealed that SdiA positively regulates multidrug resistance by upregulating the expression of yafP, cbrA, and eamB. Collectively, the results of this study indicate the role of SdiA in the pathogenesis of APEC by controlling biofilm formation, motility, and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (H.H.); (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (K.M.)
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2
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Kispert S, Liguori M, Velikaneye C, Qiu C, Wang S, Zhang N, Gu H. Role of Staphylococcus aureus's Buoyant Density in the Development of Biofilm Associated Antibiotic Susceptibility. Microorganisms 2024; 12:759. [PMID: 38674703 PMCID: PMC11052065 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that form at various interfaces, including those between air and liquid or liquid and solid. Due to their roles in enhancing wastewater treatment processes, and their unfortunate propensity to cause persistent human infections through lowering antibiotic susceptibility, understanding and managing bacterial biofilms is of paramount importance. A pivotal stage in biofilm development is the initial bacterial attachment to these interfaces. However, the determinants of bacterial cell choice in colonizing an interface first and heterogeneity in bacterial adhesion remain elusive. Our research has unveiled variations in the buoyant density of free-swimming Staphylococcus aureus cells, irrespective of their growth phase. Cells with a low cell buoyant density, characterized by fewer cell contents, exhibited lower susceptibility to antibiotic treatments (100 μg/mL vancomycin) and favored biofilm formation at air-liquid interfaces. In contrast, cells with higher cell buoyant density, which have richer cell contents, were more vulnerable to antibiotics and predominantly formed biofilms on liquid-solid interfaces when contained upright. Cells with low cell buoyant density were not able to revert to a more antibiotic sensitive and high cell buoyant density phenotype. In essence, S. aureus cells with higher cell buoyant density may be more inclined to adhere to upright substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kispert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Madison Liguori
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Cody Velikaneye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Chong Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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3
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Cardiliya AP, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ. Incidence of biofilms among the multidrug resistant E. coli, isolated from urinary tract infections in the Nilgiris district, South India. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1809-1818. [PMID: 37347344 PMCID: PMC10485203 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (MDRUPEC) significantly correlates with recurrent, complicated, and persistent urinary tract infection (UTI). The leading cause of multidrug resistance is the ability of E. coli to form biofilms. The physiological heterogeneity, genetic incontinency, and putative events in gene expression of biofilms render them resistant to antimicrobials and the host immune system. Understanding the determinants of antimicrobial resistance and its correlation with biofilm formations will, therefore, help the development of a better strategy for treating biofilm-associated UTIs. The present study reports on the in vitro detection of biofilm formation among multidrug resistant E. coli strains isolated from urine, the major cause of communal, nosocomial, and food-borne uropathogenic UTI. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in and around Ooty, Nilgiris, India. From the 869 urine samples analyzed for UTI, 29.34% were found to be caused by E. coli. Among this about 23.92% were found to be multidrug resistant. Among the multidrug resistant E. coli isolates, 36.06% of them were potent biofilm producers. E. coli biofilms (n = 22) were resistant to the antibiotics used to treat UTI, namely, amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalotin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. All the biofilm producers exhibited motility and hemaggultination but none were positive for hemolysin production. The isolated E. coli biofilms were confirmed by VITEK R2 Compact (bioMerieux, France) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Cardiliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - M J N Chandrasekar
- School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (Ooty Campus), Longwood, Road, Ooty 643001, The Nilgiris, Mysuru, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M J Nanjan
- Masi Consultants, 128, Vijayanagar Palace road, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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4
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Leesombun A, Sungpradit S, Bangphoomi N, Thongjuy O, Wechusdorn J, Riengvirodkij S, Wannawong J, Boonmasawai S. Effects of Piper betle Extracts against Biofilm Formation by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050741. [PMID: 37242523 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from dogs with cutaneous and wound infections has significantly impacted veterinary medicine. This study aimed to isolate S. pseudintermedius from canine pyoderma and investigate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Piper betle (PB), P. sarmentosum (PS), and P. nigrum (PN) on the bacterial growth and biofilm formation of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP. Of the isolated 152 isolates, 53 were identified as S. pseudintermedius using polymerase chain reaction, and 10 isolates (6.58%) were identified as MRSP based on the presence of mecA. Based on phenotype, 90% of MRSPs were multidrug-resistant. All MRSP had moderate (10%, 1/10) and strong (90%, 9/10) biofilm production ability. PB extracts were the most effective in inhibiting planktonic cells, and the minimum inhibitory concentration at which ≥50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50) was 256 µg/mL (256-1024 µg/mL) for S. pseudintermedius isolates and 512 µg/mL (256-1024 µg/mL) for MRSP isolates. The MIC90 for S. pseudintermedius and MRSP was 512 µg/mL. In XTT assay, PB at 4× MIC showed an inhibition rate of 39.66-68.90% and 45.58-59.13% for S. pseudintermedius and MRSP, respectively, in inhibiting biofilm formation. For PB at 8× MIC, the inhibition rates for S. pseudintermedius and MRSP were 50.74-81.66% and 59.57-78.33%, respectively. Further, 18 compounds were identified in PB using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and hydroxychavicol (36.02%) was the major constituent. These results indicated that PB could inhibit bacteria growth of and biofilm formation by S. pseudintermedius and MRSP isolated from canine pyoderma in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, PB is a potential candidate for the treatment of MRSP infection and biofilm formation in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sivapong Sungpradit
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Norasuthi Bangphoomi
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Orathai Thongjuy
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jantraporn Wechusdorn
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sunee Riengvirodkij
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jakaphan Wannawong
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sookruetai Boonmasawai
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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5
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Jeje O, Ewunkem AJ, Jeffers-Francis LK, Graves JL. Serving Two Masters: Effect of Escherichia coli Dual Resistance on Antibiotic Susceptibility. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030603. [PMID: 36978471 PMCID: PMC10044975 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and their increased pathogenicity has led to a growing interest in metallic antimicrobial materials and bacteriophages as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This study examines how resistance to excess iron (III) influences the evolution of bacteriophage resistance in the bacterium Escherichia coli. We utilized experimental evolution in E. coli to test the effect of the evolution of phage T7 resistance on populations resistant to excess iron (III) and populations without excess iron resistance. Phage resistance evolved rapidly in both groups. Dual-resistant (iron (III)/phage) populations were compared to their controls (excess iron (III)-resistant, phage-resistant, no resistance to either) for their performance against each stressor, excess iron (III) and phage; and correlated resistances to excess iron (II), gallium (III), silver (I) and conventional antibiotics. Excess iron (III)/phage-resistant populations demonstrated superior 24 h growth compared to all other populations when exposed to increasing concentrations of iron (II, III), gallium (III), ampicillin, and tetracycline. No differences in 24 h growth were shown between excess iron (III)/phage-resistant and excess iron (III)-resistant populations in chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, and silver (I). The genomic analysis identified selective sweeps in the iron (III) resistant (rpoB, rpoC, yegB, yeaG), phage-resistant (clpX →/→ lon, uvaB, yeaG, fliR, gatT, ypjF, waaC, rpoC, pgi, and yjbH) and iron (III)/phage resistant populations (rcsA, hldE, rpoB, and waaC). E. coli selected for resistance to both excess iron (III) and T7 phage showed some evidence of a synergistic effect on various components of fitness. Dual selection resulted in correlated resistances to ionic metals {iron (II), gallium (III), and silver (I)} and several conventional antibiotics. There is a likelihood that this sort of combination antimicrobial treatment may result in bacterial variants with multiple resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Jeje
- Biology Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Akamu J Ewunkem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston Salem State University, 601 S Martin Luther King Jr Drive, Winston Salem, NC 27110, USA
| | - Liesl K Jeffers-Francis
- Biology Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Joseph L Graves
- Biology Department, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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6
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Navarro S, Sherman E, Colmer-Hamood JA, Nelius T, Myntti M, Hamood AN. Urinary Catheters Coated with a Novel Biofilm Preventative Agent Inhibit Biofilm Development by Diverse Bacterial Uropathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1514. [PMID: 36358169 PMCID: PMC9686518 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the implementation of stringent guidelines for the prevention of catheter-associated (CA) urinary tract infection (UTI), CAUTI remains one of the most common health care-related infections. We previously showed that an antimicrobial/antibiofilm agent inhibited biofilm development by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens isolated from human infections. In this study, we examined the ability of a novel biofilm preventative agent (BPA) coating on silicone urinary catheters to inhibit biofilm formation on the catheters by six different bacterial pathogens isolated from UTIs: three Escherichia coli strains, representative of the most common bacterium isolated from UTI; one Enterobacter cloacae, a multidrug-resistant isolate; one Pseudomonas aeruginosa, common among patients with long-term catheterization; and one isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as both a Gram-positive and a resistant organism. First, we tested the ability of these strains to form biofilms on urinary catheters made of red rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and silicone using the microtiter plate biofilm assay. When grown in artificial urine medium, which closely mimics human urine, all tested isolates formed considerable biofilms on all three catheter materials. As the biofilm biomass formed on silicone catheters was 0.5 to 1.6 logs less than that formed on rubber or PVC, respectively, we then coated the silicone catheters with BPA (benzalkonium chloride, polyacrylic acid, and glutaraldehyde), and tested the ability of the coated catheters to further inhibit biofilm development by these uropathogens. Compared with the uncoated silicone catheters, BPA-coated catheters completely prevented biofilm development by all the uropathogens, except P. aeruginosa, which showed no reduction in biofilm biomass. To explore the reason for P. aeruginosa resistance to the BPA coating, we utilized two specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants. In contrast to their parent strain, the two mutants failed to form biofilms on the BPA-coated catheters, which suggests that the composition of P. aeruginosa LPS plays a role in the resistance of wild-type P. aeruginosa to the BPA coating. Together, our results suggest that, except for P. aeruginosa, BPA-coated silicone catheters may prevent biofilm formation by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Navarro
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Jane A. Colmer-Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Thomas Nelius
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Abdul N. Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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7
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Lee SW, Johnson EL, Chediak JA, Shin H, Wang Y, Phillips KS, Ren D. High-Throughput Biofilm Assay to Investigate Bacterial Interactions with Surface Topographies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3816-3825. [PMID: 35816421 PMCID: PMC9382637 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The specific topography of biomaterials plays an important
role
in their biological interactions with cells and thus the safety of
medical implants. Antifouling materials can be engineered with topographic
features to repel microbes. Meanwhile, undesired topographies of implants
can cause complications such as breast implant-associated anaplastic
large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). While the cause of BIA-ALCL is not
well understood, it is speculated that textured surfaces are prone
to bacterial biofilm formation as a contributing factor. To guide
the design of safer biomaterials and implants, quantitative screening
approaches are needed to assess bacterial adhesion to different topographic
surface features. Here we report the development of a high-throughput
microplate biofilm assay for such screening. The assay was used to
test a library of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) textures composed of
varying sizes of recessive features and distances between features
including those in the range of breast implant textures. Outliers
of patterns prone to bacterial adhesion were further studied using
real-time confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results from these
analyses revealed that surface area itself is a poor predictor for
adhesion, while the size and spacing of topographic features play
an important role. This high-throughput biofilm assay can be applied
to studying bacteria–material interactions and rational development
of materials that inhibit bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Erick L Johnson
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - J Alex Chediak
- Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, California 92504, United States
| | - Hainsworth Shin
- Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - K Scott Phillips
- Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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8
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Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-adhesion activities of Piper betle leaf extract against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Roy S, Bahar AA, Gu H, Nangia S, Sauer K, Ren D. Persister control by leveraging dormancy associated reduction of antibiotic efflux. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010144. [PMID: 34890435 PMCID: PMC8716142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent bacterial infections do not respond to current antibiotic treatments and thus present a great medical challenge. These conditions have been linked to the formation of dormant subpopulations of bacteria, known as persister cells, that are growth-arrested and highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics. Here, we report a new strategy of persister control and demonstrate that minocycline, an amphiphilic antibiotic that does not require active transport to penetrate bacterial membranes, is effective in killing Escherichia coli persister cells [by 70.8 ± 5.9% (0.53 log) at 100 μg/mL], while being ineffective in killing normal cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that persister cells have reduced drug efflux and accumulate more minocycline than normal cells, leading to effective killing of this dormant subpopulation upon wake-up. Consistently, eravacycline, which also targets the ribosome but has a stronger binding affinity than minocycline, kills persister cells by 3 logs when treated at 100 μg/mL. In summary, the findings of this study reveal that while dormancy is a well-known cause of antibiotic tolerance, it also provides an Achilles’ heel for controlling persister cells by leveraging dormancy associated reduction of drug efflux. Bacterial persister cells are dormant phenotypic variants that are highly tolerant to most antibiotics; and thus, present a major challenge to infection control. This motivated us to develop new strategies that can specifically target the persister population. It is known that persister formation is associated with reduced membrane potential and cellular activities. Thus, we hypothesize that persister cells have reduced drug efflux compared to normal cells and accumulate more antimicrobial agents that can penetrate the membranes of persister cells. By testing this hypothesis, we developed a new set of criteria for selecting persister control agents and demonstrated effective control of Escherichia coli persister cells by minocycline, rifamycin SV, and eravacycline. Our results revealed that these agents are more effective against persister cells than normal cells and the killing occurred during persister wake-up. Collectively, these results demonstrate a new strategy for persister control by leveraging dormancy associated changes in bacterial physiology. The findings may contribute to future drug discovery and the treatment of persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Roy
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali Adem Bahar
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Zou P, Li P, Liu J, Cao P, Luan Q. Direct current exerts electricidal and bioelectric effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms partially via promoting oxidative stress and antibiotic transport. J Microbiol 2021; 60:70-78. [PMID: 34826101 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low electric current can inhibit certain microbial biofilms and enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials against them. This study investigated the electricidal and bioelectric effects of direct current (DC) against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms as well as the underlying mechanisms. Here, we firstly showed that DC significantly suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis in time- and intensity-dependent manners, and markedly inhibited preformed P. gingivalis biofilms. Moreover, DC enhanced the killing efficacy of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium (AMC) against the biofilms. Notably, DC-treated biofilms displayed upregulated intracellular ROS and expression of ROS related genes (sod, feoB, and oxyR) as well as porin gene. Interestingly, DC-induced killing of biofilms was partially reversed by ROS scavenger N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and the synergistic effect of DC with MTZ/AMC was weakened by small interfering RNA of porin gene (si-Porin). In conclusion, DC can exert electricidal and bioelectric effects against P. gingivalis biofilms partially via promotion of oxidative stress and antibiotic transport, which offers a promising approach for effective management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Zou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pei Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
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11
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Deghiedy NM, Elkenawy NM, Abd El-Rehim HA. Gamma radiation-assisted fabrication of bioactive-coated thyme nanoemulsion: A novel approach to improve stability, antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin S, Zhang W, Shu G, Lin J, Li H, Xu F, Tang H, Peng G, Zhao L, Chen S, Fu H. Strategies for Interfering With Bacterial Early Stage Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675843. [PMID: 34168632 PMCID: PMC8217469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related bacteria show high resistance to antimicrobial treatments, posing a remarkable challenge to human health. Given bacterial dormancy and high expression of efflux pumps, persistent infections caused by mature biofilms are not easy to treat, thereby driving researchers toward the discovery of many anti-biofilm molecules that can intervene in early stage biofilms formation to inhibit further development and maturity. Compared with mature biofilms, early stage biofilms have fragile structures, vigorous metabolisms, and early attached bacteria are higher susceptibility to antimicrobials. Thus, removing biofilms at the early stage has evident advantages. Many reviews on anti-biofilm compounds that prevent biofilms formation have already been done, but most of them are based on compound classifications to introduce anti-biofilm effects. This review discusses the inhibitory effects of anti-biofilm compounds on early stage biofilms formation from the perspective of the mechanisms of action, including hindering reversible adhesion, reducing extracellular polymeric substances production, interfering in the quorum sensing, and modifying cyclic di-GMP. This information can be exploited further to help researchers in designing new molecules with anti-biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Lee SW, Carnicelli J, Getya D, Gitsov I, Phillips KS, Ren D. Biofilm Removal by Reversible Shape Recovery of the Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17174-17182. [PMID: 33822590 PMCID: PMC8153534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria can colonize essentially any surface and form antibiotic resistant biofilms, which are multicellular structures embedded in an extracellular matrix secreted by the attached cells. To develop better biofilm control technologies, we recently demonstrated that mature biofilms can be effectively removed through on-demand shape recovery of a shape memory polymer (SMP) composed of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA). It was further demonstrated that such a dynamic substratum can sensitize the detached biofilm cells to antibiotics. However, this SMP can undergo shape change only once, limiting its application in long-term biofilm control. This motivated the present study, which aimed to prove the concept that biofilm can be effectively removed by repeated on-demand shape recovery. Reversible shape memory polymers (rSMPs) containing poly(ε-caprolactone) diisocyanatoethyl dimethacrylate (PCLDIMA) of varying molecular masses and butyl acrylate (BA) as a linker were synthesized by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a thermal initiator. By comparison of several combinations of PCLDIMA of different molecular masses, a 2:1 weight ratio mixture of 2000 and 15000 g/mol PCLDIMA was the most promising because it had a shape transition (at 36.7 °C) close to body temperature. The synthesized rSMP demonstrated good reversible shape recovery and up to 94.3 ± 1.0% removal of 48 h Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm cells after three consecutive shape recovery cycles. Additionally, the detached biofilm cells were found to be 5.0 ± 1.2 times more susceptible to 50 μg/mL tobramycin than the static control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Joseph Carnicelli
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Dariya Getya
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The
Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The
Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - K. Scott Phillips
- Center
for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering
Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- (D.R.) Phone +1-315-443-4409. Fax +1-315-443-9175. Email
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Effective Photodynamic Inactivation of 26 Escherichia coli Strains with Different Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles: a Planktonic and Biofilm Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9030098. [PMID: 32106485 PMCID: PMC7175106 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a growing problem and alternative therapies are being sought to effectively address this issue. The aim of this study is to assess a range of Escherichia coli strains' susceptibility to Methylene Blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and determine if this is affected by their antibiotic-resistance profile. Two reference and twenty-four uropathogenic clinical E. coli strains were used in this study. All were tested in vitro for antimicrobial susceptibility against sixteen antibiotics. Strains underwent photodynamic treatments using the photosensitizer Methylene Blue with red light and tested in both planktonic and biofilm state. It was found that reference strain ATCC 25922 was susceptible to all tested antibiotics whereas reference strain ATCC 35218 showed resistance only to Ampicillin. With the exception of strains number 16 and 22, all of the isolated strains were multidrug-resistant according to the criteria established by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, where acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories is outlined. Photodynamic therapy induced more than 3 log10 colony-forming units' reduction to all strains in planktonic state. Whereas when tested in biofilm state, two and a half times the original dose of methylene blue was necessary to cause a 3 log10 antimicrobial effect. There were statistically significant differences in susceptibility among the strains tested in both the planktonic and biofilm experiments. Nevertheless, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy could inactivate all multidrug-resistant strains in the planktonic and biofilm state.
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