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Hasnat MA, Leimkühler S. Shared functions of Fe-S cluster assembly and Moco biosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119731. [PMID: 38631442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis is a complex process that involves the coordinated function of several proteins. In the recent years it has become evident that the availability of Fe-S clusters play an important role for the biosynthesis of Moco. First, the MoaA protein binds two [4Fe-4S] clusters per monomer. Second, the expression of the moaABCDE and moeAB operons is regulated by FNR, which senses the availability of oxygen via a functional [4Fe-4S] cluster. Finally, the conversion of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate to molybdopterin requires the availability of the L-cysteine desulfurase IscS, which is an enzyme involved in the transfer of sulfur to various acceptor proteins with a main role in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. In this review, we dissect the dependence of the production of active molybdoenzymes in detail, starting from the regulation of gene expression and further explaining sulfur delivery and Fe-S cluster insertion into target enzymes. Further, Fe-S cluster assembly is also linked to iron availability. While the abundance of selected molybdoenzymes is largely decreased under iron-limiting conditions, we explain that the expression of the genes is dependent on an active FNR protein. FNR is a very important transcription factor that represents the master-switch for the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. Moco biosynthesis is further directly dependent on the presence of ArcA and also on an active Fur protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Hasnat
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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2
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Veronesi G, Pérard J, Clémancey M, Gerez C, Duverger Y, Kieffer I, Barras F, Gambarelli S, Blondin G, Ollagnier de Choudens S. Multimodal Spectroscopic Analysis of the Fe-S Clusters of the as-Isolated Escherichia coli SufBC 2D Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8730-8738. [PMID: 38687645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential inorganic cofactors dedicated to a wide range of biological functions, including electron transfer and catalysis. Specialized multiprotein machineries present in all types of organisms support their biosynthesis. These machineries encompass a scaffold protein, on which Fe-S clusters are assembled before being transferred to cellular targets. Here, we describe the first characterization of the native Fe-S cluster of the anaerobically purified SufBC2D scaffold from Escherichia coli by XAS and Mössbauer, UV-visible absorption, and EPR spectroscopies. Interestingly, we propose that SufBC2D harbors two iron-sulfur-containing species, a [2Fe-2S] cluster and an as-yet unidentified species. Mutagenesis and biochemistry were used to propose amino acid ligands for the [2Fe-2S] cluster, supporting the hypothesis that both SufB and SufD are involved in the Fe-S cluster ligation. The [2Fe-2S] cluster can be transferred to ferredoxin in agreement with the SufBC2D scaffold function. These results are discussed in the context of Fe-S cluster biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veronesi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Julien Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Catherine Gerez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Yohann Duverger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR7243 Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Isabelle Kieffer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Irstea, Météo France, OSUG, FAME, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Department of Microbiology, SAMe Unit, Paris 75724, France
| | - Serge Gambarelli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble F-38000, France
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Hasnat MA, Zupok A, Gorka M, Iobbi-Nivol C, Skirycz A, Jourlin-Castelli C, Bier F, Agarwal S, Irefo E, Leimkühler S. Iron limitation indirectly reduces the Escherichia coli torCAD operon expression by a reduction of molybdenum cofactor availability. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0348023. [PMID: 38193660 PMCID: PMC10845959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03480-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of most molybdoenzymes in Escherichia coli has so far been revealed to be regulated by anaerobiosis and requires the presence of iron, based on the necessity of the transcription factor FNR to bind one [4Fe-4S] cluster. One exception is trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase encoded by the torCAD operon, which has been described to be expressed independently from FNR. In contrast to other alternative anaerobic respiratory systems, the expression of the torCAD operon was shown not to be completely repressed by the presence of dioxygen. To date, the basis for the O2-dependent expression of the torCAD operon has been related to the abundance of the transcriptional regulator IscR, which represses the transcription of torS and torT, and is more abundant under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we reinvestigated the regulation of the torCAD operon and its dependence on the presence of iron and identified a novel regulation that depends on the presence of the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) molybdenum cofactor . We confirmed that the torCAD operon is directly regulated by the heme-containing protein TorC and is indirectly regulated by ArcA and by the availability of iron via active FNR and Fur, both regulatory proteins that influence the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Furthermore, we identified a novel regulation mode of torCAD expression that is dependent on cellular levels of bis-MGD and is not used by other bis-MGD-containing enzymes like nitrate reductase.IMPORTANCEIn bacteria, molybdoenzymes are crucial for anaerobic respiration using alternative electron acceptors. FNR is a very important transcription factor that represents the master switch for the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. Only Escherichia coli trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) reductase escapes this regulation by FNR. We identified that the expression of TMAO reductase is regulated by the amount of bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor synthesized by the cell itself, representing a novel regulation pathway for the expression of an operon coding for a molybdoenzyme. Furthermore, TMAO reductase gene expression is indirectly regulated by the presence of iron, which is required for the production of the bis-MGD cofactor in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Hasnat
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Zupok
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michal Gorka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chantal Iobbi-Nivol
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Cécile Jourlin-Castelli
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Bier
- Department of Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saloni Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ehizode Irefo
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Jomova K, Makova M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Essential metals in health and disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110173. [PMID: 36152810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In total, twenty elements appear to be essential for the correct functioning of the human body, half of which are metals and half are non-metals. Among those metals that are currently considered to be essential for normal biological functioning are four main group elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), and six d-block transition metal elements, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). Cells have developed various metallo-regulatory mechanisms for maintaining a necessary homeostasis of metal-ions for diverse cellular processes, most importantly in the central nervous system. Since redox active transition metals (for example Fe and Cu) may participate in electron transfer reactions, their homeostasis must be carefully controlled. The catalytic behaviour of redox metals which have escaped control, e.g. via the Fenton reaction, results in the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals, which may cause damage to DNA, proteins and membranes. Transition metals are integral parts of the active centers of numerous enzymes (e.g. Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Catalase) which catalyze chemical reactions at physiologically compatible rates. Either a deficiency, or an excess of essential metals may result in various disease states arising in an organism. Some typical ailments that are characterized by a disturbed homeostasis of redox active metals include neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disorders), mental health problems, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. To comprehend more deeply the mechanisms by which essential metals, acting either alone or in combination, and/or through their interaction with non-essential metals (e.g. chromium) function in biological systems will require the application of a broader, more interdisciplinary approach than has mainly been used so far. It is clear that a stronger cooperation between bioinorganic chemists and biophysicists - who have already achieved great success in understanding the structure and role of metalloenzymes in living systems - with biologists, will access new avenues of research in the systems biology of metal ions. With this in mind, the present paper reviews selected chemical and biological aspects of metal ions and their possible interactions in living systems under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Makova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Yokoyama K, Li D, Pang H. Resolving the Multidecade-Long Mystery in MoaA Radical SAM Enzyme Reveals New Opportunities to Tackle Human Health Problems. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:94-108. [PMID: 35480226 PMCID: PMC9026282 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
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MoaA is one of the
most conserved radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine
(SAM) enzymes, and is found in most organisms in
all three kingdoms of life. MoaA contributes to the biosynthesis of
molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a redox enzyme cofactor used in various
enzymes such as purine and sulfur catabolism in humans and anaerobic
respiration in bacteria. Unlike many other cofactors, in most organisms,
Moco cannot be taken up as a nutrient and requires de novo biosynthesis.
Consequently, Moco biosynthesis has been linked to several human health
problems, such as human Moco deficiency disease and bacterial infections.
Despite
the medical and biological significance, the biosynthetic mechanism
of Moco’s characteristic pyranopterin structure remained elusive
for more than two decades. This transformation requires the actions
of the MoaA radical SAM enzyme and another protein, MoaC. Recently,
MoaA and MoaC functions were elucidated as a radical SAM GTP 3′,8-cyclase
and cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) synthase, respectively.
This finding resolved the key mystery in the field and revealed new
opportunities in studying the enzymology and chemical biology of MoaA
and MoaC to elucidate novel mechanisms in enzyme catalysis or to address
unsolved questions in Moco-related human health problems. Here, we
summarize the recent progress in the functional and mechanistic studies
of MoaA and MoaC and discuss the field’s future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Di Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Haoran Pang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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Skåne A, Loose JSM, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Askarian F. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals specific adaption of Vibrio anguillarum to oxidative stress, iron deprivation and humoral components of innate immunity. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104412. [PMID: 34737109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum (VA) is the causative agent of vibriosis, a terminal hemorrhagic septicemia affecting the aquacultural industry across the globe. In the current study we used label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate how VA adapts to conditions that mimic defined aspects of vibriosis-related stress such as exposure to oxidative stress (H2O2), exposure to humoral factors of innate immunity through incubation with Atlantic salmon serum, and iron deprivation upon supplementation of 2,2'-dipyridyl (DIP) to the growth medium. We also investigated how regulation of virulence factors may be governed by the VA growth phase and availability of nutrients. All experimental conditions explored revealed stress-specific proteomic adaption of VA and only nine proteins were found to be commonly regulated in all conditions. A general observation made for all stress-related conditions was regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, iron deprivation and exposure to Atlantic salmon serum evoked upregulation of iron acquisition mechanisms. The findings made in the present study represent a source of potential virulence determinants that can be of use in the search for means to understand vibriosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Vibriosis in fish and shellfish caused by V. anguillarum (VA) is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture sector across the globe. However, not much is known about the defense mechanism of this pathogen to percept and adapt to the imposed stresses during infection. Analyzing the response of VA to multiple host-related physiochemical stresses, the quantitative proteomic analysis of the present study indicates modulation of several virulence determinants and key defense networks of this pathogen. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to enhance our understanding of VA pathogenesis and can be employed to improve current intervention strategies to control vibriosis in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skåne
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jennifer S M Loose
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Maiti BK, Maia LB, Moura JJG. Sulfide and transition metals - A partnership for life. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111687. [PMID: 34953313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfide and transition metals often came together in Biology. The variety of possible structural combinations enabled living organisms to evolve an array of highly versatile metal-sulfide centers to fulfill different physiological roles. The ubiquitous iron‑sulfur centers, with their structural, redox, and functional diversity, are certainly the best-known partners, but other metal-sulfide centers, involving copper, nickel, molybdenum or tungsten, are equally crucial for Life. This review provides a concise overview of the exclusive sulfide properties as a metal ligand, with emphasis on the structural aspects and biosynthesis. Sulfide as catalyst and as a substrate is discussed. Different enzymes are considered, including xanthine oxidase, formate dehydrogenases, nitrogenases and carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. The sulfide effect on the activity and function of iron‑sulfur, heme and zinc proteins is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Department of Chemistry, Ravangla Campus, Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Portugal.
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