Groisman EA, Duprey A, Choi J. How the PhoP/PhoQ System Controls Virulence and Mg
2+ Homeostasis: Lessons in Signal Transduction, Pathogenesis, Physiology, and Evolution.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021;
85:e0017620. [PMID:
34191587 PMCID:
PMC8483708 DOI:
10.1128/mmbr.00176-20]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system governs virulence, Mg2+ homeostasis, and resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents, including acidic pH and cationic antimicrobial peptides, in several Gram-negative bacterial species. Best understood in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the PhoP/PhoQ system consists o-regulated gene products alter PhoP-P amounts, even under constant inducing conditions. PhoP-P controls the abundance of hundreds of proteins both directly, by having transcriptional effects on the corresponding genes, and indirectly, by modifying the abundance, activity, or stability of other transcription factors, regulatory RNAs, protease regulators, and metabolites. The investigation of PhoP/PhoQ has uncovered novel forms of signal transduction and the physiological consequences of regulon evolution.
Collapse