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Sagurna L, Heinrich S, Kaufmann LS, Rückert-Reed C, Busche T, Wolf A, Eickhoff J, Klebl B, Kalinowski J, Bandow JE. Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity of Quinone-Based Compounds Originating from the Alnumycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of a Streptomyces Isolate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1116. [PMID: 37508212 PMCID: PMC10376017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces produce various specialized metabolites. Single biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) can give rise to different products that can vary in terms of their biological activities. For example, for alnumycin and the shunt product K115, antimicrobial activity was described, while no antimicrobial activity was detected for the shunt product 1,6-dihydro 8-propylanthraquinone. To investigate the antibacterial activity of 1,6-dihydro 8-propylanthraquinone, we produced alnumycin and 1,6-dihydro 8-propylanthraquinone from a Streptomyces isolate containing the alnumycin BGC. The strain was cultivated in liquid glycerol-nitrate-casein medium (GN), and both compounds were isolated using an activity and mass spectrometry-guided purification. The structures were validated via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test revealed that 1,6-dihydro 8-propylanthraquinone exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli ΔtolC, B. subtilis, an S. aureus type strain, and a vancomycin intermediate-resistance S. aureus strain (VISA). Activity of 1,6-dihydro 8-propylanthraquinone against E. coli ΔtolC was approximately 10-fold higher than that of alnumycin. We were unable to confirm gyrase inhibition for either compound and believe that the modes of action of both compounds are worth reinvestigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Sagurna
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha Heinrich
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lara-Sophie Kaufmann
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Rückert-Reed
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33594 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33594 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33594 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Xu R, Zhu H, Zhang H, Ju J, Li Q, Fu S. Six Sets of Aromatic Polyketides Differing in Size and Shape Derive from a Single Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1512-1519. [PMID: 37200613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One new aromatic polyketide, prealnumycin B (1), and four known aromatic polyketides, K1115A (2), 1,6-dihydroxy-8-propylanthraquinone (DHPA, 3), phaeochromycin B (4), and (R)-7-acetyl-3,6-dihydroxy-8-propyl-3,4dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (5), were isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces sundarbansensis SCSIO NS01; these compounds represent four sets of aromatic polyketides differing in size and shape. A type II polyketide synthase (PKS) cluster, als, was identified by complete genome sequencing and was shown, by in vivo gene inactivation experiments in the wild-type (WT) NS01 strain and heterologous expression experiments, to encode the biosynthesis of compounds 1-5. Moreover, heterologous expression of the als cluster afforded three additional aromatic polyketides representing two different carbon skeletons, the new phaeochromycin L (6) and two known aromatic polyketides, phaeochromycins D (7) and E (8). These findings expand our knowledge of type II PKS machineries and their versatility in generating structurally diverse aromatic polyketides and highlight the power of type II PKSs in accessing new polyketides via ectopic expression in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Hongjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huaran Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qinglian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Shaobin Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563003, China
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Baral B, Matroodi S, Siitonen V, Thapa K, Akhgari A, Yamada K, Nuutila A, Metsä-Ketelä M. Co-factor independent oxidases ncnN and actVA-3 are involved in the dimerization of benzoisochromanequinone antibiotics in naphthocyclinone and actinorhodin biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad123. [PMID: 37989784 PMCID: PMC10697411 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces produce complex bioactive secondary metabolites with remarkable chemical diversity. Benzoisochromanequinone polyketides actinorhodin and naphthocyclinone are formed through dimerization of half-molecules via single or double carbon-carbon bonds, respectively. Here we sequenced the genome of S. arenae DSM40737 to identify the naphthocyclinone gene cluster and established heterologous production in S. albus J1074 by utilizing direct cluster capture techniques. Comparative sequence analysis uncovered ncnN and ncnM gene products as putative enzymes responsible for dimerization. Inactivation of ncnN that is homologous to atypical co-factor independent oxidases resulted in the accumulation of fogacin, which is likely a reduced shunt product of the true substrate for naphthocyclinone dimerization. In agreement, inactivation of the homologous actVA-3 in S. coelicolor M145 also led to significantly reduced production of actinorhodin. Previous work has identified the NAD(P)H-dependent reductase ActVA-4 as the key enzyme in actinorhodin dimerization, but surprisingly inactivation of the homologous ncnM did not abolish naphthocyclinone formation and the mutation may have been complemented by an endogenous gene product. Our data suggests that dimerization of benzoisochromanequinone polyketides require two-component reductase-oxidase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Baral
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Soheila Matroodi
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, University of Marine Science and Technology, 64199-34619 Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Keshav Thapa
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Amir Akhgari
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Keith Yamada
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Aleksi Nuutila
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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Hemmerling F, Hahn F. Biosynthesis of oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in polyketides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1512-50. [PMID: 27559404 PMCID: PMC4979870 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the biosynthesis of heterocycles in polyketide natural products with a focus on oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles with ring sizes between 3 and 6 atoms. Heterocycles are abundant structural elements of natural products from all classes and they often contribute significantly to their biological activity. Progress in recent years has led to a much better understanding of their biosynthesis. In this context, plenty of novel enzymology has been discovered, suggesting that these pathways are an attractive target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hemmerling
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank Hahn
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Machovina MM, Usselman RJ, DuBois JL. Monooxygenase Substrates Mimic Flavin to Catalyze Cofactorless Oxygenations. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17816-28. [PMID: 27307041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase family catalyze O2-dependent oxidations and oxygenations in the absence of any metallo- or organic cofactor. How these enzymes surmount the kinetic barrier to reactions between singlet substrates and triplet O2 is unclear, but the reactions have been proposed to occur via a flavin-like mechanism, where the substrate acts in lieu of a flavin cofactor. To test this model, we monitored the uncatalyzed and enzymatic reactions of dithranol, a substrate for the nogalamycin monooxygenase (NMO) from Streptomyces nogalater As with flavin, dithranol oxidation was faster at a higher pH, although the reaction did not appear to be base-catalyzed. Rather, conserved asparagines contributed to suppression of the substrate pKa The same residues were critical for enzymatic catalysis that, consistent with the flavoenzyme model, occurred via an O2-dependent slow step. Evidence for a superoxide/substrate radical pair intermediate came from detection of enzyme-bound superoxide during turnover. Small molecule and enzymatic superoxide traps suppressed formation of the oxygenation product under uncatalyzed conditions, whereas only the small molecule trap had an effect in the presence of NMO. This suggested that NMO both accelerated the formation and directed the recombination of a superoxide/dithranyl radical pair. These catalytic strategies are in some ways flavin-like and stand in contrast to the mechanisms of urate oxidase and (1H)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase, both cofactor-independent enzymes that surmount the barriers to direct substrate/O2 reactivity via markedly different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie M Machovina
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715-3400
| | - Robert J Usselman
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715-3400
| | - Jennifer L DuBois
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715-3400
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Metsä-Ketelä M, Oja T, Taguchi T, Okamoto S, Ichinose K. Biosynthesis of pyranonaphthoquinone polyketides reveals diverse strategies for enzymatic carbon–carbon bond formation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:562-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Taguchi T, Yabe M, Odaki H, Shinozaki M, Metsä-Ketelä M, Arai T, Okamoto S, Ichinose K. Biosynthetic Conclusions from the Functional Dissection of Oxygenases for Biosynthesis of Actinorhodin and Related Streptomyces Antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:510-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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