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Østergaard MZ, Nielsen FD, Meinfeldt MH, Kirkpatrick CL. The uncharacterized PA3040-3042 operon is part of the cell envelope stress response and a tobramycin resistance determinant in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0387523. [PMID: 38949386 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03875-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (hereafter "phages") are ubiquitous predators of bacteria in the natural world, but interest is growing in their development into antibacterial therapy as complement or replacement for antibiotics. However, bacteria have evolved a huge variety of antiphage defense systems allowing them to resist phage lysis to a greater or lesser extent. In addition to dedicated phage defense systems, some aspects of the general stress response also impact phage susceptibility, but the details of this are not well known. In order to elucidate these factors in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we used the laboratory-conditioned strain PAO1 as host for phage infection experiments as it is naturally poor in dedicated phage defense systems. Screening by transposon insertion sequencing indicated that the uncharacterized operon PA3040-PA3042 was potentially associated with resistance to lytic phages. However, we found that its primary role appeared to be in regulating biofilm formation, particularly in a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa in which it also altered tobramycin resistance. Its expression was highly growth-phase dependent and responsive to phage infection and cell envelope stress. Our results suggest that this operon may be a cryptic but important locus for P. aeruginosa stress tolerance. IMPORTANCE An important category of bacterial stress response systems is bacteriophage defense, where systems are triggered by bacteriophage infection and activate a response which may either destroy the phage genome or destroy the infected cell so that the rest of the population survives. In some bacteria, the cell envelope stress response is activated by bacteriophage infection, but it is unknown whether this contributes to the survival of the infection. We have found that a conserved uncharacterized operon (PA3040-PA3042) of the cell envelope stress regulon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has very few dedicated phage defense systems, responds to phage infection and stationary phase as well as envelope stress and is important for growth and biofilm formation in a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa, even in the absence of phages. As homologs of these genes are found in other bacteria, they may be a novel component of the general stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Z Østergaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming D Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette H Meinfeldt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clare L Kirkpatrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Kaur M, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Maintenance of bacterial outer membrane lipid asymmetry: insight into MlaA. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38802775 PMCID: PMC11131202 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective barrier to protect against toxic compounds. By nature, the OM is asymmetric with the highly packed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the outer leaflet and glycerophospholipids at the inner leaflet. OM asymmetry is maintained by the Mla system, in which is responsible for the retrograde transport of glycerophospholipids from the OM to the inner membrane. This system is comprised of six Mla proteins, including MlaA, an OM lipoprotein involved in the removal of glycerophospholipids that are mis-localized at the outer leaflet of the OM. Interestingly, MlaA was initially identified - and called VacJ - based on its role in the intracellular spreading of Shigella flexneri.Many open questions remain with respect to the Mla system and the mechanism involved in the translocation of mislocated glycerophospholipids at the outer leaflet of the OM, by MlaA. After summarizing the current knowledge on MlaA, we focus on the impact of mlaA deletion on OM lipid composition and biophysical properties of the OM. How changes in OM lipid composition and biophysical properties can impact the generation of membrane vesicles and membrane permeability is discussed. Finally, we explore whether and how MlaA might be a candidate for improving the activity of antibiotics and as a vaccine candidate.Efforts dedicated to understanding the relationship between the OM lipid composition and the mechanical strength of the bacterial envelope and, in turn, how such properties act against external stress, are needed for the design of new targets or drugs for Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, B1.73.05; 73 Av E. Mounier, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - M-P Mingeot-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, B1.73.05; 73 Av E. Mounier, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
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3
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Omran BA, Tseng BS, Baek KH. Nanocomposites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: Recent advances, challenges, and future prospects. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127656. [PMID: 38432017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening and persistent infections in immunocompromised patients. It is the culprit behind a variety of hospital-acquired infections owing to its multiple tolerance mechanisms against antibiotics and disinfectants. Biofilms are sessile microbial aggregates that are formed as a result of the cooperation and competition between microbial cells encased in a self-produced matrix comprised of extracellular polymeric constituents that trigger surface adhesion and microbial aggregation. Bacteria in biofilms exhibit unique features that are quite different from planktonic bacteria, such as high resistance to antibacterial agents and host immunity. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa are difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive resistance mechanisms. Consequently, innovative approaches to combat biofilms are the focus of the current research. Nanocomposites, composed of two or more different types of nanoparticles, have diverse therapeutic applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. They are emerging multifunctional nanoformulations that combine the desired features of the different elements to obtain the highest functionality. This review assesses the recent advances of nanocomposites, including metal-, metal oxide-, polymer-, carbon-, hydrogel/cryogel-, and metal organic framework-based nanocomposites for the eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms. The characteristics and virulence mechanisms of P. aeruginosa biofilms, as well as their devastating impact and economic burden are discussed. Future research addressing the potential use of nanocomposites as innovative anti-biofilm agents is emphasized. Utilization of nanocomposites safely and effectively should be further strengthened to confirm the safety aspects of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), PO 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boo Shan Tseng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Warrell DL, Zarrella TM, Machalek C, Khare A. Interspecies surfactants serve as public goods enabling surface motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.573969. [PMID: 38260674 PMCID: PMC10802355 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.573969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In most natural environments, bacteria live in polymicrobial communities where secreted molecules from neighboring species alter bacterial behaviors including motility, but such interactions are understudied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a motile opportunistic pathogen that exists in diverse multispecies environments such as the soil and is frequently found in human wound and respiratory tract co-infections with other bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus. Here we show that P. aeruginosa can co-opt secreted surfactants from other species for flagellar-based surface motility. We found that exogenous surfactants from S. aureus, other bacteria, and interkingdom species enabled P. aeruginosa to switch from swarming to an alternative surface spreading motility on semi-solid surfaces and allowed for the emergence of surface motility on hard agar where P. aeruginosa was otherwise unable to move. This motility was distinct from the response of other motile bacteria in the presence of exogenous surfactants. Mutant analysis indicated that this P. aeruginosa motility was similar to a previously described mucin-based motility, 'surfing', albeit with divergent regulation. Thus, our study demonstrates that secreted surfactants from the host as well as neighboring bacterial and interkingdom species act as public goods facilitating P. aeruginosa flagella-mediated surfing-like surface motility, thereby allowing it to access different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delayna L Warrell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany M Zarrella
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Current address: Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Machalek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anupama Khare
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Zhang H, Yang J, Cheng J, Zeng J, Ma X, Lin J. PQS and pyochelin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa share inner membrane transporters to mediate iron uptake. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0325623. [PMID: 38171001 PMCID: PMC10846271 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03256-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria absorb different forms of iron through various channels to meet their needs. Our previous studies have shown that TseF, a type VI secretion system effector for Fe uptake, facilitates the delivery of outer membrane vesicle-associated Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS)-Fe3+ to bacterial cells by a process involving the Fe(III) pyochelin receptor FptA and the porin OprF. However, the form in which the PQS-Fe3+ complex enters the periplasm and how it is moved into the cytoplasm remain unclear. Here, we first demonstrate that the PQS-Fe3+ complex enters the cell directly through FptA or OprF. Next, we show that inner membrane transporters such as FptX, PchHI, and FepBCDG are not only necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to absorb PQS-Fe3+ and pyochelin (PCH)-Fe3+ but are also necessary for the virulence of P. aeruginosa toward Galleria mellonella larvae. Furthermore, we suggest that the function of PQS-Fe3+ (but not PQS)-mediated quorum-sensing regulation is dependent on FptX, PchHI, and FepBCDG. Additionally, the findings indicate that unlike FptX, neither FepBCDG nor PchHI play roles in the autoregulatory loop involving PchR, but further deletion of fepBCDG and pchHI can reverse the inactive PchR phenotype caused by fptX deletion and reactivate the expression of the PCH pathway genes under iron-limited conditions. Finally, this work identifies the interaction between FptX, PchHI, and FepBCDG, indicating that a larger complex could be formed to mediate the uptake of PQS-Fe3+ and PCH-Fe3+. These results pave the way for a better understanding of the PQS and PCH iron absorption pathways and provide future directions for research on tackling P. aeruginosa infections.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved a number of strategies to acquire the iron it needs from its host, with the most common being the synthesis, secretion, and uptake of siderophores such as pyoverdine, pyochelin, and the quorum-sensing signaling molecule Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). However, despite intensive studies of the siderophore uptake pathways of P. aeruginosa, our understanding of how siderophores transport iron across the inner membrane into the cytoplasm is still incomplete. Herein, we reveal that PQS and pyochelin in P. aeruginosa share inner membrane transporters such as FptX, PchHI, and FepBCDG to mediate iron uptake. Meanwhile, PQS and pyochelin-mediated signaling operate to a large extent via these inner membrane transporters. Our study revealed the existence of shared uptake pathways between PQS and pyochelin, which could lead us to reexamine the role of these two molecules in the iron uptake and virulence of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Jianshe Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Juanli Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Jinshui Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
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Dehbashi S, Tahmasebi H, Alikhani MY, Vidal JE, Seifalian A, Arabestani MR. The healing effect of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) with co-infection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A preclinical animal co-infection model. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:329-338. [PMID: 38194764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the rise in antibiotic resistance and the control of pathogenicity, polymicrobial bacterial biofilms exacerbate wound infections. Since bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signals can dysregulate biofilm development, they are interesting therapeutic treatments. In this study, Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) was used to treat an animal model of a wound that had both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infection. METHODS S. aureus and P. aeruginosa mono- and co-infection models were developed in vitro on the L-929 cell line and in an animal model of wound infection. Moreover, PQS was extracted and purified using liquid chromatography. Then, the mono- and co-infection models were treated by PQS in vitro and in vivo. RT-PCR analysis was used to look into changes in biofilm, QS, tissue regeneration, and apoptosis genes after the treatment. RESULTS PQS significantly disrupted established biofilm up to 90% in both in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, a 93% reduction in the viability of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was detected during the 10 days of treatment in comparison to control groups. In addition, the biofilm-encoding and QS-regulating genes were down-regulated to 75% in both microorganisms. Also, fewer epithelial cells died when treated with PQS compared to control groups in both mono- and co-infection groups. CONCLUSION According to this study, PQS may facilitate wound healing by stimulating the immune system and reducing apoptosis. It seems to be a potential medication to use in conjunction with antibiotics to treat infections that are difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Dehbashi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Tahmasebi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Infectious Disease Research center, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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7
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Weaver AA, Parmar D, Junker EA, Sweedler JV, Shrout JD. Differential Spreading of Rhamnolipid Congeners from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4914-4921. [PMID: 37878954 PMCID: PMC11107424 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are surfactants produced by many Pseudomonad bacteria, including the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These rhamnolipids are known to aid and enable numerous phenotypic traits that improve the survival of the bacteria that make them. These surfactants are also important for industrial products ranging from pharmaceuticals to cleaning supplies to cosmetics, to name a few. Rhamnolipids have structural diversity that leads to an array of congeners; however, little is known about the localization and distribution of these congeners in two-dimensional space. Differential distribution of congeners can reduce the uniformity of applications in industrial settings and create heterogeneity within biological communities. We examined the distribution patterns of combinations of rhamnolipids in commercially available mixtures, cell-free spent media, and colony biofilms using mass spectrometry. We found that even in the absence of cells, congeners exhibit different distribution patterns, leading to different rhamnolipid congener distributions on a surface. Congeners with shorter fatty acid chains were more centrally located, while longer chains were more heterogeneous and distally located. We found that congeners with similar structures can distribute differently. Within developing colony biofilms, we found rhamnolipid distribution patterns differed from cell-free environments, lacking simple trends noted in cell-free environments. Most strikingly, we found the distribution patterns of individual congeners in the colony biofilms to be diverse. We note that the congener distribution is far from homogeneous but composed of numerous local microenvironments of varied rhamnolipid congener composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A. Weaver
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ella A. Junker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua D. Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Bru JL, Kasallis SJ, Chang R, Zhuo Q, Nguyen J, Pham P, Warren E, Whiteson K, Høyland-Kroghsbo NM, Limoli DH, Siryaporn A. The great divide: rhamnolipids mediate separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1245874. [PMID: 37780859 PMCID: PMC10540625 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1245874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between bacterial species during infection can have significant impacts on pathogenesis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can co-infect hosts and cause serious illness. The factors that dictate whether one species outcompetes the other or whether the two species coexist are not fully understood. We investigated the role of surfactants in the interactions between these two species on a surface that enables P. aeruginosa to swarm. We found that P. aeruginosa swarms are repelled by colonies of clinical S. aureus isolates, creating physical separation between the two strains. This effect was abolished in mutants of S. aureus that were defective in the production of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), which form amyloid fibrils around wild-type S. aureus colonies. We investigated the mechanism that establishes physical separation between the two species using Imaging of Reflected Illuminated Structures (IRIS), which is a non-invasive imaging method that tracks the flow of surfactants produced by P. aeruginosa. We found that PSMs produced by S. aureus deflected the surfactant flow, which in turn, altered the direction of P. aeruginosa swarms. These findings show that rhamnolipids mediate physical separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, which could facilitate coexistence between these species. Additionally, we found that a number of molecules repelled P. aeruginosa swarms, consistent with a surfactant deflection mechanism. These include Bacillus subtilis surfactant, the fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid, and the synthetic lubricant polydimethylsiloxane. Lung surfactant repelled P. aeruginosa swarms and inhibited swarm expansion altogether at higher concentration. Our results suggest that surfactant interactions could have major impacts on bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host relationships. In addition, our findings uncover a mechanism responsible for P. aeruginosa swarm development that does not rely solely on sensing but instead is based on the flow of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Bru
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Summer J. Kasallis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rendell Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Quantum Zhuo
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Phillip Pham
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Warren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Dominique H. Limoli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Piskovsky V, Oliveira NM. Bacterial motility can govern the dynamics of antibiotic resistance evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5584. [PMID: 37696800 PMCID: PMC10495427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity in antibiotic concentrations is thought to accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance, but current theory and experiments have overlooked the effect of cell motility on bacterial adaptation. Here, we study bacterial evolution in antibiotic landscapes with a quantitative model where bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, death, mutation and migration. Numerical and analytical results show that cell motility can both accelerate and decelerate bacterial adaptation by affecting the degree of genotypic mixing and ecological competition. Moreover, we find that for sufficiently high rates, cell motility can limit bacterial survival, and we derive conditions for all these regimes. Similar patterns are observed in more complex scenarios, namely where bacteria can bias their motion in chemical gradients (chemotaxis) or switch between motility phenotypes either stochastically or in a density-dependent manner. Overall, our work reveals limits to bacterial adaptation in antibiotic landscapes that are set by cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Piskovsky
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Nuno M Oliveira
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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10
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Bru JL, Kasallis SJ, Zhuo Q, Høyland-Kroghsbo NM, Siryaporn A. Swarming of P. aeruginosa: Through the lens of biophysics. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:031305. [PMID: 37781002 PMCID: PMC10540860 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Swarming is a collective flagella-dependent movement of bacteria across a surface that is observed across many species of bacteria. Due to the prevalence and diversity of this motility modality, multiple models of swarming have been proposed, but a consensus on a general mechanism for swarming is still lacking. Here, we focus on swarming by Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to the abundance of experimental data and multiple models for this species, including interpretations that are rooted in biology and biophysics. In this review, we address three outstanding questions about P. aeruginosa swarming: what drives the outward expansion of a swarm, what causes the formation of dendritic patterns (tendrils), and what are the roles of flagella? We review models that propose biologically active mechanisms including surfactant sensing as well as fluid mechanics-based models that consider swarms as thin liquid films. Finally, we reconcile recent observations of P. aeruginosa swarms with early definitions of swarming. This analysis suggests that mechanisms associated with sliding motility have a critical role in P. aeruginosa swarm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Bru
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Summer J. Kasallis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Quantum Zhuo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Schwartzkopf CM, Taylor VL, Groleau MC, Faith DR, Schmidt AK, Lamma TL, Brooks DM, Déziel E, Maxwell KL, Secor PR. Inhibition of PQS signaling by the Pf bacteriophage protein PfsE enhances viral replication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554831. [PMID: 37662248 PMCID: PMC10473763 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing, a bacterial signaling system that coordinates group behaviors as a function of cell density, plays an important role in regulating viral (phage) defense mechanisms in bacteria. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model system for the study of quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa is also frequently infected by Pf prophages that integrate into the host chromosome. Upon induction, Pf phages suppress host quorum sensing systems; however, the physiological relevance and mechanism of suppression are unknown. Here, we identify the Pf phage protein PfsE as an inhibitor of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) quorum sensing. PfsE binds to the host protein PqsA, which is essential for the biosynthesis of the PQS signaling molecule. Inhibition of PqsA increases the replication efficiency of Pf virions when infecting a new host and when the Pf prophage switches from lysogenic replication to active virion replication. In addition to inhibiting PQS signaling, our prior work demonstrates that PfsE also binds to PilC and inhibits type IV pili extension, protecting P. aeruginosa from infection by type IV pili-dependent phages. Overall, this work suggests that the simultaneous inhibition of PQS signaling and type IV pili by PfsE may be a viral strategy to suppress host defenses to promote Pf replication while at the same time protecting the susceptible host from competing phages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Christine Groleau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominick R. Faith
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Amelia K. Schmidt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Tyrza L. Lamma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Diane M. Brooks
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Karen L. Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick R. Secor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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Hernández-Moreno LV, Pabón-Baquero LC, Prieto-Rodriguez JA, Patiño-Ladino OJ. Bioactive Compounds from P. pertomentellum That Regulate QS, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production of P. aeruginosa. Molecules 2023; 28:6181. [PMID: 37687010 PMCID: PMC10488431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many nosocomial infections. This bacterium uses Quorum Sensing (QS) to generate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) so its disruption is considered a novel approach. The current study describes the antibiofilm and QS inhibitory potential of extract and chemical components from Piper pertomentellum. The methodo- logy included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of the species, the determination of QS inhibition efficacy on Chromobacterium violaceum and the evaluation of the effect on biofilm formation and virulence factors on P. aeruginosa. The phytochemical study led to the isolation and identification of a new piperamide (ethyltembamide 1), together with four known amides (tembamide acetate 2, cepharadione B 3, benzamide 4 and tembamide 5). The results indicated that the ethanolic extract and some fractions reduced violacein production in C. violaceum, however, only the ethanolic extract caused inhibition of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa on polystyrene microtiter plates. Finally, the investigation determined that molecules (1-5) inhibited the formation of biofilms (50% approximately), while compounds 2-4 can inhibit pyocyanin and elastase production (30-50% approximately). In this way, the study contributes to the determination of the potential of extract and chemical constituents from P pertomentellum to regulate the QS system in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida V. Hernández-Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.V.H.-M.); (O.J.P.-L.)
| | - Ludy C. Pabón-Baquero
- Escuela de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Juliet A. Prieto-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.V.H.-M.); (O.J.P.-L.)
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13
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Mozaheb N, Rasouli P, Kaur M, Van Der Smissen P, Larrouy-Maumus G, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. A Mildly Acidic Environment Alters Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence and Causes Remodeling of the Bacterial Surface. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0483222. [PMID: 37278652 PMCID: PMC10433952 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04832-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile pathogen that resists environmental stress, such as suboptimal pH. As a result of exposure to environmental stress, P. aeruginosa shows an altered virulence-related phenotype. This study investigated the modifications that P. aeruginosa undertakes at a mildly low pH (pH 5.0) compared with the bacteria grown in a neutral medium (pH 7.2). Results indicated that in a mildly acidic environment, expression of two-component system genes (phoP/phoQ and pmrA/pmrB), lipid A remodeling genes such as arnT and pagP and virulence genes, i.e., pqsE and rhlA, were induced. Moreover, lipid A of the bacteria grown at a mildly low pH is modified by adding 4-amino-arabinose (l-Ara4N). Additionally, the production of virulence factors such as rhamnolipid, alginate, and membrane vesicles is significantly higher in a mildly low-pH environment than in a neutral medium. Interestingly, at a mildly low pH, P. aeruginosa produces a thicker biofilm with higher biofilm biomass. Furthermore, studies on inner membrane viscosity and permeability showed that a mildly low pH causes a decrease in the inner membrane permeability and increases its viscosity. Besides, despite the importance of PhoP, PhoQ, PmrA, and PmrB in Gram-negative bacteria for responding to low pH stress, we observed that the absence of each of these two-component systems does not meaningfully impact the remodeling of the P. aeruginosa envelope. Given that P. aeruginosa is likely to encounter mildly acidic environments during infection in its host, the alterations that the bacterium undertakes under such conditions must be considered in designing antibacterial strategies against P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE P. aeruginosa encounters environments with acidic pH when establishing infections in hosts. The bacterium develops an altered phenotype to tolerate a moderate decrease in the environmental pH. At the level of the bacterial envelope, modified lipid A composition and a reduction of the bacterial inner membrane permeability and fluidity are among the changes P. aeruginosa undergoes at a mildly low pH. Also, the bacterium is more likely to form biofilm in a mildly acidic environment. Overall, these alterations in the P. aeruginosa phenotype put obstacles in the way of antibacterial activities. Thus, considering physiological changes in the bacterium at low pH helps design and implement antimicrobial approaches against this hostile microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mozaheb
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paria Rasouli
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, CELL Unit and PICT Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Faculty of Natural Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Kasallis S, Bru JL, Chang R, Zhuo Q, Siryaporn A. Understanding how bacterial collectives organize on surfaces by tracking surfactant flow. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 27:101080. [PMID: 37427092 PMCID: PMC10327653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2023.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Swarming is a collective bacterial behavior in which a dense population of bacterial cells moves over a porous surface, resulting in the expansion of the population. This collective behavior can guide bacteria away from potential stressors such as antibiotics and bacterial viruses. However, the mechanisms responsible for the organization of swarms are not understood. Here, we briefly review models that are based on bacterial sensing and fluid mechanics that are proposed to guide swarming in the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To provide further insight into the role of fluid mechanics in P. aeruginosa swarms, we track the movement of tendrils and the flow of surfactant using a novel technique that we have developed, Imaging of Reflected Illuminated Structures (IRIS). Our measurements show that tendrils and surfactants form distinct layers that grow in lockstep with each other. The results raise new questions about existing swarming models and the possibility that the flow of surfactants impacts tendril development. These findings emphasize that swarm organization involves an interplay between biological processes and fluid mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Kasallis
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Bru
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rendell Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Quantum Zhuo
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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15
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Smith WPJ, Wucher BR, Nadell CD, Foster KR. Bacterial defences: mechanisms, evolution and antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41579-023-00877-3. [PMID: 37095190 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response to these threats, they have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms that today also protect bacteria against antibiotics and other therapies. In this Review, we explore the protective strategies of bacteria, including the mechanisms, evolution and clinical implications of these ancient defences. We also review the countermeasures that attackers have evolved to overcome bacterial defences. We argue that understanding how bacteria defend themselves in nature is important for the development of new therapies and for minimizing resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P J Smith
- Division of Genomics, Infection and Evolution, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Benjamin R Wucher
- Department of Biological sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Carey D Nadell
- Department of Biological sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kevin R Foster
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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The Burden of Survivors: How Can Phage Infection Impact Non-Infected Bacteria? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032733. [PMID: 36769055 PMCID: PMC9917116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contemporary understanding of complex interactions in natural microbial communities and the numerous mechanisms of bacterial communication challenge the classical concept of bacteria as unicellular organisms. Microbial populations, especially those in densely populated habitats, appear to behave cooperatively, coordinating their reactions in response to different stimuli and behaving as a quasi-tissue. The reaction of such systems to viral infection is likely to go beyond each cell or species tackling the phage attack independently. Bacteriophage infection of a fraction of the microbial community may also exert an influence on the physiological state and/or phenotypic features of those cells that have not yet had direct contact with the virus or are even intrinsically unable to become infected by the particular virus. These effects may be mediated by sensing the chemical signals released by lysing or by infected cells as well as by more indirect mechanisms.
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17
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Abstract
Bacteria commonly live in surface-associated communities where steep gradients of antibiotics and other chemical compounds can occur. While many bacterial species move on surfaces, we know surprisingly little about how such antibiotic gradients affect cell motility. Here, we study the behaviour of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in stable spatial gradients of several antibiotics by tracking thousands of cells in microfluidic devices as they form biofilms. Unexpectedly, these experiments reveal that bacteria use pili-based ('twitching') motility to navigate towards antibiotics. Our analyses suggest that this behaviour is driven by a general response to the effects of antibiotics on cells. Migrating bacteria reach antibiotic concentrations hundreds of times higher than their minimum inhibitory concentration within hours and remain highly motile. However, isolating cells - using fluid-walled microfluidic devices - reveals that these bacteria are terminal and unable to reproduce. Despite moving towards their death, migrating cells are capable of entering a suicidal program to release bacteriocins that kill other bacteria. This behaviour suggests that the cells are responding to antibiotics as if they come from a competing colony growing nearby, inducing them to invade and attack. As a result, clinical antibiotics have the potential to lure bacteria to their death.
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18
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Current Advances in the Concept of Quorum Sensing-Based Prevention of Spoilage of Fish Products by Pseudomonads. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial spoilage of fish is attributed to quorum sensing (QS)-based activities. QS is a communication process between the cells in which microorganisms secrete and sense the specific chemicals (autoinductors, AIs) that regulate proteolysis, lipolysis, and biofilm formation. These activities change the organoleptic characteristics and reduce the safety of the products. Although the microbial community of fish is diverse and may consist of a range of bacterial strains, the deterioration of fish-based products is attributed to the growth and activity of Pseudomonas spp. This work summarizes recent advancements to assess the influence of QS mechanisms on seafood spoilage by Pseudomonas spp. The quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) in the context of fish preservation has also been discussed. Detailed recognition of this phenomenon is crucial in establishing effective strategies to prevent the premature deterioration of fish-based products.
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19
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Hills OJ, Yong CW, Scott AJ, Devine DA, Smith J, Chappell HF. Atomic-scale interactions between quorum sensing autoinducer molecules and the mucoid P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharide matrix. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7724. [PMID: 35545629 PMCID: PMC9095684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent cystic fibrosis (CF) lung coloniser whose chronicity is associated with the formation of cation cross-linked exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrices, which form a biofilm that acts as a diffusion barrier, sequestering cationic and neutral antimicrobials, and making it extremely resistant to pharmacological challenge. Biofilm chronicity and virulence of the colony is regulated by quorum sensing autoinducers (QSAIs), small signalling metabolites that pass between bacteria, through the biofilm matrix, regulating genetic responses on a population-wide scale. The nature of how these molecules interact with the EPS is poorly understood, despite the fact that they must pass through EPS matrix to reach neighbouring bacteria. Interactions at the atomic-scale between two QSAI molecules, C4-HSL and PQS—both utilised by mucoid P. aeruginosa in the CF lung—and the EPS, have been studied for the first time using a combined molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) approach. A large-scale, calcium cross-linked, multi-chain EPS molecular model was developed and MD used to sample modes of interaction between QSAI molecules and the EPS that occur at physiological equilibrium. The thermodynamic stability of the QSAI-EPS adducts were calculated using DFT. These simulations provide a thermodynamic rationale for the apparent free movement of C4-HSL, highlight key molecular functionality responsible for EPS binding and, based on its significantly reduced mobility, suggest PQS as a viable target for quorum quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hills
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Chin W Yong
- Daresbury Laboratory, Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK.,Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew J Scott
- School of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Deirdre A Devine
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK
| | - James Smith
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen F Chappell
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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20
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Phage Infection Restores PQS Signaling and Enhances Growth of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasI Quorum-Sensing Mutant. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0055721. [PMID: 35389255 PMCID: PMC9112912 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00557-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication between bacteria and between bacteria and the bacteriophage (phage) viruses that prey on them can shape the outcomes of phage-bacterial encounters. Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication process that promotes collective undertaking of group behaviors. QS relies on the production, release, accumulation, and detection of signal molecules called autoinducers. Phages can exploit QS-mediated communication to manipulate their hosts and maximize their own survival. In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the LasI/R QS system induces the RhlI/R QS system, and in opposing manners, these two systems control the QS system that relies on the autoinducer called PQS. A P. aeruginosa ΔlasI mutant is impaired in PQS synthesis, leading to accumulation of the precursor molecule HHQ, and HHQ suppresses growth of the P. aeruginosa ΔlasI strain. We show that, in response to a phage infection, the P. aeruginosa ΔlasI mutant reactivates QS, which, in turn, restores pqsH expression, enabling conversion of HHQ into PQS. Moreover, downstream QS target genes encoding virulence factors are induced. Additionally, phage-infected P. aeruginosa ΔlasI cells transiently exhibit superior growth compared to uninfected cells. IMPORTANCE Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa frequently harbor mutations in particular QS genes. Here, we show that infection by select temperate phages restores QS, a cell-to-cell communication mechanism in a P. aeruginosa QS mutant. Restoration of QS increases expression of genes encoding virulence factors. Thus, phage infection of select P. aeruginosa strains may increase bacterial pathogenicity, underscoring the importance of characterizing phage-host interactions in the context of bacterial mutants that are relevant in clinical settings.
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21
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Hendrix H, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Zimmermann M, Sauer U, De Smet J, Muchez L, Lissens M, Staes I, Voet M, Wagemans J, Ceyssens PJ, Noben JP, Aertsen A, Lavigne R. Metabolic reprogramming of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phage-based quorum sensing modulation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110372. [PMID: 35172131 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) is a multifunctional quorum sensing molecule of key importance to P. aeruginosa. Here, we report that the lytic Pseudomonas bacterial virus LUZ19 targets this population density-dependent signaling system by expressing quorum sensing targeting protein (Qst) early during infection. We demonstrate that Qst interacts with PqsD, a key host quinolone signal biosynthesis pathway enzyme, resulting in decreased levels of PQS and its precursor 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone. The lack of a functional PqsD enzyme impairs LUZ19 infection but is restored by external supplementation of 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone, suggesting that LUZ19 exploits the PQS system for successful infection. We establish a broad functional interaction network of Qst, which includes enzymes of cofactor biosynthesis pathways (CoaC/ThiD) and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase pathway (PA1217). Qst therefore represents an exquisite example of intricate reprogramming of the bacterium by a phage, which may be further exploited as tool to combat antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Hendrix
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Laurens Muchez
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maries Lissens
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ines Staes
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Marleen Voet
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Ceyssens
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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22
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Arranz San Martín A, Vogel J, Wullich SC, Quax WJ, Fetzner S. Enzyme-Mediated Quenching of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS): A Comparison between Naturally Occurring and Engineered PQS-Cleaving Dioxygenases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020170. [PMID: 35204671 PMCID: PMC8961568 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs quorum sensing to govern the production of many virulence factors. Interference with quorum sensing signaling has therefore been put forward as an attractive approach to disarm this pathogen. Here, we analyzed the quorum quenching properties of natural and engineered (2-alkyl-)3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone 2,4-dioxygenases (HQDs) that inactivate the P. aeruginosa signal molecule PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal; 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone). When added exogenously to P. aeruginosa cultures, all HQDs tested significantly reduced the levels of PQS and other alkylquinolone-type secondary metabolites deriving from the biosynthetic pathway, such as the respiratory inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. HQDs from Nocardia farcinica and Streptomyces bingchenggensis, which combine low KM values for PQS with thermal stability and resilience in the presence of P. aeruginosa exoproducts, respectively, attenuated production of the virulence factors pyocyanin and pyoverdine. A delay in mortality was observed when Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with P. aeruginosa suspensions treated with the S. bingchenggensis HQD or with inhibitors of alkylquinolone biosynthesis. Our data indicate that quenching of PQS signaling has potential as an anti-virulence strategy; however, an efficient anti-virulence therapy against P. aeruginosa likely requires a combination of agents addressing multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arranz San Martín
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.A.S.M.); (S.C.W.)
| | - Jan Vogel
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.V.); (W.J.Q.)
| | - Sandra C. Wullich
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.A.S.M.); (S.C.W.)
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.V.); (W.J.Q.)
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.A.S.M.); (S.C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-39824
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23
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Amly DA, Hajardhini P, Jonarta AL, Yulianto HDK, Susilowati H. Enhancement of pyocyanin production by subinhibitory concentration of royal jelly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. F1000Res 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34540201 PMCID: PMC8424461 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27915.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, produces pyocyanin, a virulence factor associated with antibiotic tolerance. High concentrations of royal jelly have an antibacterial effect, which may potentially overcome antibacterial resistance. However, in some cases, antibiotic tolerance can occur due to prolonged stress of low-dose antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of royal jelly on bacterial growth, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation of
P. aeruginosa. Methods:Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and clinical isolates were cultured in a royal jelly-containing medium to test the antibacterial activity. Pyocyanin production was observed by measuring the absorbance at 690 nm after 36 h culture and determined using extinction coefficient 4310 M-1 cm-1. Static microtiter plate biofilm assay performed to detect the biofilm formation, followed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Royal jelly effectively inhibited the viability of both strains from a concentration of 25%. The highest production of pyocyanin was observed in the subinhibitory concentration group 6.25%, which gradually decreased along with the decrease of royal jelly concentration. Results of one-way ANOVA tests differed significantly in pyocyanin production of the two strains between the royal jelly groups. Tukey HSD test showed concentrations of 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% significantly increased pyocyanin production of ATCC
10145, and the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% significantly increased production of the clinical isolates. Concentrations of 12.5% and 6.125% significantly induced biofilm formation of
P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, in line with the results of the SEM analysis. Conclusions: The royal jelly concentration of 25% or higher inhibits bacterial growth; however, the subinhibitory concentration increases pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in
P. aeruginosa. It is advisable to determine the appropriate concentration of royal jelly to obtain beneficial virulence inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Auliya Amly
- Master of Dental Sciences Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Hajardhini
- Master of Dental Sciences Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Alma Linggar Jonarta
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Heribertus Dedy Kusuma Yulianto
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Heni Susilowati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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24
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Shteindel N, Gerchman Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mobbing-Like Behavior against Acanthamoeba castellanii Bacterivore and Its Rapid Control by Quorum Sensing and Environmental Cues. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0064221. [PMID: 34851177 PMCID: PMC8635135 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00642-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobbing, group attack of prey on predator, is a behavior seen in many animal species in which prey animals use numbers and coordination to counter individually superior predators. We studied attack behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward the bacterivore Acanthamoeba castellanii. This behavior consists of directed motility toward and specific adhesion to the predator cells, enacted in seconds and responding to both prey and predator population densities. Attack coordination relies on remote sensing of the predator and the use of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), a P. aeruginosa species-specific quorum sensing molecule. Mutants unable to produce the PQS show unspecific adhesion and reduced survival, and a corresponding increase in predator population occurs as a result of predation. The addition of an external PQS restored some predator-specific adherence within seconds, suggesting a novel response mechanism to this quorum sensing (QS) signal. Fast behavioral response of P. aeruginosa to PQS is also supported by the rate of signal accumulation in the culture, reaching relevant concentrations within minutes, enabling bacteria response to self population density in these short timescales. These results portray a well-regulated group attack of the bacteria against their predator, reacting within seconds to environmental cues and species-specific signaling, which is analogous in many ways to animal mobbing behavior. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown previously to attack amoebae and other predators by adhering to them and injecting them with virulent substances. In this work, we show that an active, coordinated group behavior is enacted by the bacteria to utilize these molecular components, responding to both predator and bacterial population density. In addition to their ecological significance, immediate behavioral changes observed in response to PQS suggest the existence of a fast QS signal cascade, which is different from canonical QS that relies on slow-to-respond gene regulation. Similar regulatory circuits may drive other bacterial adaptations and pathogenicity mechanisms and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Shteindel
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Biology, Oranim College, Kiryat Tivon, Israel
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25
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Nolan C, Behrends V. Sub-Inhibitory Antibiotic Exposure and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111393. [PMID: 34827331 PMCID: PMC8615142 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prime opportunistic pathogen, one of the most important causes of hospital-acquired infections and the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis lung infections. One reason for the bacterium's pathogenic success is the large array of virulence factors that it can employ. Another is its high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics. In this review, we first summarise the current knowledge about the regulation of virulence factor expression and production. We then look at the impact of sub-MIC antibiotic exposure and find that the virulence-antibiotic interaction for P. aeruginosa is antibiotic-specific, multifaceted, and complex. Most studies undertaken to date have been in vitro assays in batch culture systems, involving short-term (<24 h) antibiotic exposure. Therefore, we discuss the importance of long-term, in vivo-mimicking models for future work, particularly highlighting the need to account for bacterial physiology, which by extension governs both virulence factor expression and antibiotic tolerance/resistance.
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26
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Hotinger JA, Morris ST, May AE. The Case against Antibiotics and for Anti-Virulence Therapeutics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2049. [PMID: 34683370 PMCID: PMC8537500 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotics have been indispensable in the advancement of modern medicine, there are downsides to their use. Growing resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics is leading to an epidemic of infections untreatable by first-line therapies. Resistance is exacerbated by antibiotics used as growth factors in livestock, over-prescribing by doctors, and poor treatment adherence by patients. This generates populations of resistant bacteria that can then spread resistance genes horizontally to other bacterial species, including commensals. Furthermore, even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they harm commensal bacteria leading to increased secondary infection risk. Effective antibiotic treatment can induce bacterial survival tactics, such as toxin release and increasing resistance gene transfer. These problems highlight the need for new approaches to treating bacterial infection. Current solutions include combination therapies, narrow-spectrum therapeutics, and antibiotic stewardship programs. These mediate the issues but do not address their root cause. One emerging solution to these problems is anti-virulence treatment: preventing bacterial pathogenesis instead of using bactericidal agents. In this review, we discuss select examples of potential anti-virulence targets and strategies that could be developed into bacterial infection treatments: the bacterial type III secretion system, quorum sensing, and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron E. May
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; (J.A.H.); (S.T.M.)
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27
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Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 20:49-62. [PMID: 34373631 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We commonly acknowledge that bacterial viruses (phages) shape the composition and evolution of bacterial communities in nature and therefore have important roles in ecosystem functioning. This view stems from studies in the 1990s to the first decade of the twenty-first century that revealed high viral abundance, high viral diversity and virus-induced microbial death in aquatic ecosystems as well as an association between collapses in bacterial density and peaks in phage abundance. The recent surge in metagenomic analyses has provided deeper insight into the abundance, genomic diversity and spatio-temporal dynamics of phages in a wide variety of ecosystems, ranging from deep oceans to soil and the mammalian digestive tract. However, the causes and consequences of variations in phage community compositions remain poorly understood. In this Review, we explore current knowledge of the composition and evolution of phage communities, as well as their roles in controlling the population and evolutionary dynamics of bacterial communities. We discuss the need for greater ecological realism in laboratory studies to capture the complexity of microbial communities that thrive in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chevallereau
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK. .,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Benoît J Pons
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Stineke van Houte
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Edze R Westra
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
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28
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Wong GCL, Antani JD, Lele PP, Chen J, Nan B, Kühn MJ, Persat A, Bru JL, Høyland-Kroghsbo NM, Siryaporn A, Conrad JC, Carrara F, Yawata Y, Stocker R, V Brun Y, Whitfield GB, Lee CK, de Anda J, Schmidt WC, Golestanian R, O'Toole GA, Floyd KA, Yildiz FH, Yang S, Jin F, Toyofuku M, Eberl L, Nomura N, Zacharoff LA, El-Naggar MY, Yalcin SE, Malvankar NS, Rojas-Andrade MD, Hochbaum AI, Yan J, Stone HA, Wingreen NS, Bassler BL, Wu Y, Xu H, Drescher K, Dunkel J. Roadmap on emerging concepts in the physical biology of bacterial biofilms: from surface sensing to community formation. Phys Biol 2021; 18. [PMID: 33462162 PMCID: PMC8506656 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abdc0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria that exist as aggregates that can adhere to surfaces or be free-standing. This complex, social mode of cellular organization is fundamental to the physiology of microbes and often exhibits surprising behavior. Bacterial biofilms are more than the sum of their parts: single-cell behavior has a complex relation to collective community behavior, in a manner perhaps cognate to the complex relation between atomic physics and condensed matter physics. Biofilm microbiology is a relatively young field by biology standards, but it has already attracted intense attention from physicists. Sometimes, this attention takes the form of seeing biofilms as inspiration for new physics. In this roadmap, we highlight the work of those who have taken the opposite strategy: we highlight the work of physicists and physical scientists who use physics to engage fundamental concepts in bacterial biofilm microbiology, including adhesion, sensing, motility, signaling, memory, energy flow, community formation and cooperativity. These contributions are juxtaposed with microbiologists who have made recent important discoveries on bacterial biofilms using state-of-the-art physical methods. The contributions to this roadmap exemplify how well physics and biology can be combined to achieve a new synthesis, rather than just a division of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Jyot D Antani
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Pushkar P Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061, United States of America
| | - Beiyan Nan
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX 77845, United States of America
| | - Marco J Kühn
- Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Persat
- Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Bru
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, California, CA 92697, United States of America
| | | | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, California, CA 92697, United States of America.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, California, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- William A Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Francesco Carrara
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yutaka Yawata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 305-8572 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves V Brun
- University of Montreal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gregory B Whitfield
- University of Montreal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - William C Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America
| | - Kyle A Floyd
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, CA 95060, United States of America
| | - Fitnat H Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, CA 95060, United States of America
| | - Shuai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 305-8572 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 305-8572 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lori A Zacharoff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA 90089, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA 90089, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA 90089, United States of America.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Sibel Ebru Yalcin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, CT 06516, United States of America.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, CT 06516, United States of America
| | - Nikhil S Malvankar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, CT 06516, United States of America.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, CT 06516, United States of America
| | - Mauricio D Rojas-Andrade
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, California, CA 92697, United States of America.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California CA 92697, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, CA 92697, United States of America.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - Ned S Wingreen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, United States of America.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - Bonnie L Bassler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, United States of America.,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Knut Drescher
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dunkel
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA 02139-4307, United States of America
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29
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Yahia IS, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. Rekindling of a Masterful Precedent; Bacteriophage: Reappraisal and Future Pursuits. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:635597. [PMID: 34136415 PMCID: PMC8201069 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.635597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is exuberantly becoming a deleterious health problem world-wide. Seeking innovative approaches is necessary in order to circumvent such a hazard. An unconventional fill-in to antibiotics is bacteriophage. Bacteriophages are viruses capable of pervading bacterial cells and disrupting their natural activity, ultimately resulting in their defeat. In this article, we will run-through the historical record of bacteriophage and its correlation with bacteria. We will also delineate the potential of bacteriophage as a therapeutic antibacterial agent, its supremacy over antibiotics in multiple aspects and the challenges that could arise on the way to its utilization in reality. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and genetic engineering of bacteriophages and its proteins will be briefly discussed as well. In addition, we will highlight some of the in-use applications of bacteriophages, and set an outlook for their future ones. We will also overview some of the miscellaneous abilities of these tiny viruses in several fields other than the clinical one. This is an attempt to encourage tackling a long-forgotten hive. Perhaps, one day, the smallest of the creatures would be of the greatest help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S. Yahia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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30
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Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most diverse and abundant biological entities on the Earth and require host bacteria to replicate. Because of this obligate relationship, in addition to the challenging conditions of surrounding environments, phages must integrate information about extrinsic and intrinsic factors when infecting their host. This integration helps to determine whether the infection becomes lytic or lysogenic, which likely influences phage spreading and long-term survival. Although a variety of environmental and physiological clues are known to modulate lysis-lysogeny decisions, the social interplay among phages and host populations has been overlooked until recently. A growing body of evidence indicates that cell-cell communication in bacteria and, more recently, peptide-based communication among phage-phage populations, affect phage-host interactions by controlling phage lysis-lysogeny decisions and phage counter-defensive strategies in bacteria. Here, we explore and discuss the role of signal molecules as well as quorum sensing and quenching factors that mediate phage-host interactions. Our aim is to provide an overview of population-dependent mechanisms that influence phage replication, and how social communication may affect the dynamics and evolution of microbial communities, including their implications in phage therapy.
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31
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Oliveira VDC, Steixner S, Nascimento CD, Pagnano VO, Silva-Lovato CH, Paranhos HDFO, Wilflingseder D, Coraça-Huber D, Watanabe E. Expression of virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm after bacteriophage infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104834. [PMID: 33691179 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of bacteriophages for the treatment of bacterial infections has been extensively studied. Nonetheless, the stress response regarding bacteriophage infection and the expression of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after phage infection is poorly discussed. In this study, we evaluated biofilm formation capacity and expression of virulence factors of P. aeruginosa after bacteriophage infection. Biofilm growth rates, biofilm morphology, pyocyanin production and elastase activity were evaluated after 2, 8, 24 and 48 h of co-cultivation with bacteriophages that was recently characterized and showed to be infective towards clinical isolates. In parallel, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were carried out to verify the expression of virulence-related genes. Bacteriophages promoted substantial changes in P. aeruginosa biofilm growth at early co-culture time. In addition, at 8 h, we observed that some cultures developed filaments. Although bacteriophages did not alter both pyocyanin and protease activity, changes on the expression level of genes related to virulence factors were detected. Usually, lasI, pslA, lasB and phzH genes were upregulated after 2 and 48 h of co-culture. These results highlight the need for extensive investigation of pathways and molecules involved in phage infection, since the transcriptional changes would suggest a response activation by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephan Steixner
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Oliveira Pagnano
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Débora Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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32
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van Kessel JC, Mukherjee S. Another battle won in the phage-host arms race: Pseudomonas phage blocks quorum sensing regulator LasR. Mol Cell 2021; 81:420-422. [PMID: 33545057 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Shah et al. (2021) uncover phage-encoded protein Aqs1 that tactically blocks Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing receptor LasR immediately upon infection to counteract the host's quorum-sensing program, a defense strategy that is likely conserved in other phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C van Kessel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Sampriti Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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33
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Balhuizen MD, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicle Induction and Isolation for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629090. [PMID: 33613498 PMCID: PMC7889600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release vesicular structures from their outer membrane, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs have a variety of functions such as waste disposal, communication, and antigen or toxin delivery. These vesicles are the promising structures for vaccine development since OMVs carry many surface antigens that are identical to the bacterial surface. However, isolation is often difficult and results in low yields. Several methods to enhance OMV yield exist, but these do affect the resulting OMVs. In this review, our current knowledge about OMVs will be presented. Different methods to induce OMVs will be reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The effects of the induction and isolation methods used in several immunological studies on OMVs will be compared. Finally, the challenges for OMV-based vaccine development will be examined and one example of a successful OMV-based vaccine will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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34
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Amly DA, Hajardhini P, Jonarta AL, Yulianto HDK, Susilowati H. Enhancement of pyocyanin production by subinhibitory concentration of royal jelly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. F1000Res 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34540201 PMCID: PMC8424461 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27915.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, produces pyocyanin, a virulence factor associated with antibiotic tolerance. High concentrations of royal jelly have an antibacterial effect, which may potentially overcome antibacterial resistance. However, in some cases, antibiotic tolerance can occur due to prolonged stress of low-dose antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of royal jelly on bacterial growth, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Methods:Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and clinical isolates were cultured in a royal jelly-containing medium to test the antibacterial activity. Pyocyanin production was observed by measuring the absorbance at 690 nm after 36 h culture and determined using extinction coefficient 4310 M-1 cm-1. Static microtiter plate biofilm assay performed to detect the biofilm formation, followed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Royal jelly effectively inhibited the viability of both strains from a concentration of 25%. The highest production of pyocyanin was observed in the subinhibitory concentration group 6.25%, which gradually decreased along with the decrease of royal jelly concentration. Results of one-way ANOVA tests differed significantly in pyocyanin production of the two strains between the royal jelly groups. Tukey HSD test showed concentrations of 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% significantly increased pyocyanin production of ATCC 10145, and the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% significantly increased production of the clinical isolates. Concentrations of 12.5% and 6.125% significantly induced biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, in line with the results of the SEM analysis. Conclusions: The royal jelly concentration of 25% or higher inhibits bacterial growth; however, the subinhibitory concentration increases pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. It is advisable to determine the appropriate concentration of royal jelly to obtain beneficial virulence inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Auliya Amly
- Master of Dental Sciences Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Hajardhini
- Master of Dental Sciences Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Alma Linggar Jonarta
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Heribertus Dedy Kusuma Yulianto
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Heni Susilowati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Shah M, Taylor VL, Bona D, Tsao Y, Stanley SY, Pimentel-Elardo SM, McCallum M, Bondy-Denomy J, Howell PL, Nodwell JR, Davidson AR, Moraes TF, Maxwell KL. A phage-encoded anti-activator inhibits quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Cell 2021; 81:571-583.e6. [PMID: 33412111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The arms race between bacteria and phages has led to the evolution of diverse anti-phage defenses, several of which are controlled by quorum-sensing pathways. In this work, we characterize a quorum-sensing anti-activator protein, Aqs1, found in Pseudomonas phage DMS3. We show that Aqs1 inhibits LasR, the master regulator of quorum sensing, and present the crystal structure of the Aqs1-LasR complex. The 69-residue Aqs1 protein also inhibits PilB, the type IV pilus assembly ATPase protein, which blocks superinfection by phages that require the pilus for infection. This study highlights the remarkable ability of small phage proteins to bind multiple host proteins and disrupt key biological pathways. As quorum sensing influences various anti-phage defenses, Aqs1 provides a mechanism by which infecting phages might simultaneously dampen multiple defenses. Because quorum-sensing systems are broadly distributed across bacteria, this mechanism of phage counter-defense may play an important role in phage-host evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Véronique L Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Diane Bona
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Yvonne Tsao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sabrina Y Stanley
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sheila M Pimentel-Elardo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Joseph Bondy-Denomy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Justin R Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Alan R Davidson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Karen L Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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Jia K, Yang N, Zhang X, Cai R, Zhang Y, Tian J, Raza SHA, Kang Y, Qian A, Li Y, Sun W, Shen J, Yao J, Shan X, Zhang L, Wang G. Genomic, Morphological and Functional Characterization of Virulent Bacteriophage IME-JL8 Targeting Citrobacter freundii. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585261. [PMID: 33329451 PMCID: PMC7717962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii refers to a fish pathogen extensively reported to be able to cause injury and high mortality. Phage therapy is considered a process to alternatively control bacterial infections and contaminations. In the present study, the isolation of a virulent bacteriophage IME-JL8 isolated from sewage was presented, and such bacteriophage was characterized to be able to infect Citrobacter freundii specifically. Phage IME-JL8 has been classified as the member of the Siphoviridae family, which exhibits the latent period of 30–40 min. The pH and thermal stability of phage IME-JL8 demonstrated that this bacteriophage achieved a pH range of 4–10 as well as a temperature range of 4, 25, and 37°C. As revealed from the results of whole genomic sequence analysis, IME-JL8 covers a double-stranded genome of 49,838 bp (exhibiting 47.96% G+C content), with 80 putative coding sequences contained. No bacterial virulence- or lysogenesis-related ORF was identified in the IME-JL8 genome, so it could be applicable to phage therapy. As indicated by the in vitro experiments, phage IME-JL8 is capable of effectively removing bacteria (the colony count decreased by 6.8 log units at 20 min), and biofilm can be formed in 24 h. According to the in vivo experiments, administrating IME-JL8 (1 × 107 PFU) was demonstrated to effectively protect the fish exhibiting a double median lethal dose (2 × 109 CFU/carp). Moreover, the phage treatment led to the decline of pro-inflammatory cytokines in carp with lethal infections. IME-JL8 was reported to induce efficient lysis of Citrobacter freundii both in vitro and in vivo, thereby demonstrating its potential as an alternative treatment strategy for infections attributed to Citrobacter freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Research Management Office, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ruopeng Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Yuanhuan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Shen
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Yao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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37
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Phage gene expression and host responses lead to infection-dependent costs of CRISPR immunity. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:534-544. [PMID: 33011743 PMCID: PMC8027618 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas immune systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea, but not ubiquitous. Previous work has demonstrated that CRISPR immunity is associated with an infection-induced fitness cost, which may help explain the patchy distribution observed. However, the mechanistic basis of this cost has remained unclear. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and its phage DMS3vir as a model, we perform a 30-day evolution experiment under phage mediated selection. We demonstrate that although CRISPR is initially selected for, bacteria carrying mutations in the phage receptor rapidly invade the population following subsequent reinfections. We then test three potential mechanisms for the observed cost of CRISPR: (1) autoimmunity from the acquisition of self-targeting spacers, (2) immunopathology or energetic costs from increased cas gene expression and (3) toxicity caused by phage gene expression prior to CRISPR-mediated cleavage. We find that phages can express genes before the immune system clears the infection and that expression of these genes can have a negative effect on host fitness. While infection does not lead to increased expression of cas genes, it does cause differential expression of multiple other host processes that may further contribute to the cost of CRISPR immunity. In contrast, we found little support for infection-induced autoimmunological and immunopathological effects. Phage gene expression prior to cleavage of the genome by the CRISPR-Cas immune system is therefore the most parsimonious explanation for the observed phage-induced fitness cost.
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38
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Spatiotemporal Distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alkyl Quinolones under Metabolic and Competitive Stress. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00426-20. [PMID: 32699119 PMCID: PMC7376503 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00426-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl quinolones (AQs), including Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), made by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been associated with both population density and stress. The regulation of AQ production is known to be complex, and the stimuli that modulate AQ responses are not fully clear. Here, we have used hyperspectral Raman chemical imaging to examine the temporal and spatial profiles of AQs exhibited by P. aeruginosa under several potentially stressful conditions. We found that metabolic stress, effected by carbon limitation, or competition stress, effected by proximity to other species, resulted in accelerated PQS production. This competition effect did not require cell-to-cell interaction, as evidenced by the fact that the addition of supernatants from either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus led to early appearance of PQS. Lastly, the fact that these modulations were observed for PQS but not for all AQs suggests a high level of complexity in AQ regulation that remains to be discerned. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen important to diseases such as cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa has multiple quorum-sensing (QS) systems, one of which utilizes the signaling molecule 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (Pseudomonas quinolone signal [PQS]). Here, we use hyperspectral Raman imaging to elucidate the spatiotemporal PQS distributions that determine how P. aeruginosa regulates surface colonization and its response to both metabolic stress and competition from other bacterial strains. These chemical imaging experiments illustrate the strong link between environmental challenges, such as metabolic stress caused by nutritional limitations or the presence of another bacterial species, and PQS signaling. Metabolic stress elicits a complex response in which limited nutrients induce the bacteria to produce PQS earlier, but the bacteria may also pause PQS production entirely if the nutrient concentration is too low. Separately, coculturing P. aeruginosa in the proximity of another bacterial species, or its culture supernatant, results in earlier production of PQS. However, these differences in PQS appearance are not observed for all alkyl quinolones (AQs) measured; the spatiotemporal response of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO) is highly uniform for most conditions. These insights on the spatiotemporal distributions of quinolones provide additional perspective on the behavior of P. aeruginosa in response to different environmental cues. IMPORTANCE Alkyl quinolones (AQs), including Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), made by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been associated with both population density and stress. The regulation of AQ production is known to be complex, and the stimuli that modulate AQ responses are not fully clear. Here, we have used hyperspectral Raman chemical imaging to examine the temporal and spatial profiles of AQs exhibited by P. aeruginosa under several potentially stressful conditions. We found that metabolic stress, effected by carbon limitation, or competition stress, effected by proximity to other species, resulted in accelerated PQS production. This competition effect did not require cell-to-cell interaction, as evidenced by the fact that the addition of supernatants from either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus led to early appearance of PQS. Lastly, the fact that these modulations were observed for PQS but not for all AQs suggests a high level of complexity in AQ regulation that remains to be discerned.
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39
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Tipping MJ, Gibbs KA. Biofilms: Managing Stress to Navigate Group Dynamics. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R324-R326. [PMID: 32259509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To thrive in dense communities, organisms have to navigate neighbors and resources. A new study reveals that bacteria integrate cues of communal living through stress pathways. The primary source of the stress - at least for one bacterium - is a direct conflict with neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray J Tipping
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karine A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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40
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Kotian HS, Abdulla AZ, Hithysini KN, Harkar S, Joge S, Mishra A, Singh V, Varma MM. Active modulation of surfactant-driven flow instabilities by swarming bacteria. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012407. [PMID: 32069638 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Models based on surfactant-driven instabilities have been employed to describe pattern formation by swarming bacteria. However, by definition, such models cannot account for the effect of bacterial sensing and decision making. Here we present a more complete model for bacterial pattern formation which accounts for these effects by coupling active bacterial motility to the passive fluid dynamics. We experimentally identify behaviors which cannot be captured by previous models based on passive population dispersal and show that a more accurate description is provided by our model. It is seen that the coupling of bacterial motility to the fluid dynamics significantly alters the phase space of surfactant-driven pattern formation. We also show that our formalism is applicable across bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha S Kotian
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amith Z Abdulla
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - K N Hithysini
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shalini Harkar
- Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shubham Joge
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayushi Mishra
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj M Varma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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41
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Caflisch KM, Suh GA, Patel R. Biological challenges of phage therapy and proposed solutions: a literature review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:1011-1041. [PMID: 31735090 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1694905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In light of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage (bacteriophage) therapy has been recognized as a potential alternative or addition to antibiotics in Western medicine for use in humans.Areas covered: This review assessed the scientific literature on phage therapy published between 1 January 2007 and 21 October 2019, with a focus on the successes and challenges of this prospective therapeutic.Expert opinion: Efficacy has been shown in animal models and experimental findings suggest promise for the safety of human phagotherapy. Significant challenges remain to be addressed prior to the standardization of phage therapy in the West, including the development of phage-resistant bacteria; the pharmacokinetic complexities of phage; and any potential human immune response incited by phagotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Caflisch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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PQS Signaling for More than a Quorum: the Collective Stress Response Protects Healthy Pseudomonas aeruginosa Populations. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00568-19. [PMID: 31527112 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00568-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this issue, Bru et al. connect Pseudomonas aeruginosa PQS signaling secretion during stress response to swarming behavior (J.-L. Bru, B. Rawson, C. Trinh, K. Whiteson, et al., J Bacteriol 201:e00383-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00383-19). Phage-infected or antibiotic-treated bacterial cells secrete PQS to repel healthy, unexposed cells away from the source of the stress. Thus, the collective stress response mechanism driven by PQS signaling influences spatial organization and population dynamics in P. aeruginosa that may provide competitive advantages in certain niches.
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