1
|
Yamamoto Y. Roles of flavoprotein oxidase and the exogenous heme- and quinone-dependent respiratory chain in lactic acid bacteria. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:183-191. [PMID: 38966056 PMCID: PMC11220326 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2024-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a type of bacteria that convert carbohydrates into lactate through fermentation metabolism. While LAB mainly acquire energy through this anaerobic process, they also have oxygen-consuming systems, one of which is flavoprotein oxidase and the other is exogenous heme- or heme- and quinone-dependent respiratory metabolism. Over the past two decades, research has contributed to the understanding of the roles of these oxidase machineries, confirming their suspected roles and uncovering novel functions. This review presents the roles of these oxidase machineries, which are anticipated to be critical for the future applications of LAB in industry and comprehending the virulence of pathogenic streptococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okano K, Sato Y, Hama S, Tanaka T, Noda H, Kondo A. L-Lactate oxidase-mediated removal of L-lactic acid derived from fermentation medium for the production of optically pure D-lactic acid. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100331. [PMID: 35076998 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increasing demand for optically pure D-lactic and L-lactic acid for the production of stereocomplex-type polylactic acid. The D-lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass is important owing to its great abundance in nature. Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a cheap nitrogen source used for industrial fermentation, though it contains a significant amount of L-lactic acid, which decreases the optical purity of D-lactic acid produced. METHOD AND RESULTS To remove L-lactic acid derived from the CSL-based medium, L-lactate oxidase (LoxL) from Enterococcus sp. NBRC 3427 was expressed in an engineered Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formally called Lactobacillus plantarum) strain KOLP7, which exclusively produces D-lactic acid from both hexose and pentose sugars. When the resulting strain was applied for D-lactic acid fermentation from the mixed sugars consisting of the major constituent sugars of lignocellulose (35 g/L glucose, 10 g/L xylose, and 5 g/L arabinose) using the medium containing 10 g/L CSL, it completely removed L-lactic acid derived from CSL (0.52 g/L) and produced 41.7 g/L of D-lactic acid. The L-lactic acid concentration was below the detection limit, and improvement in the optical purity of D-lactic acid was observed (from 98.2% to > 99.99%) by the overexpression of LoxL. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The LoxL-mediated consumption of L-lactic acid would enable the production of optically pure D-lactic acid in any medium contaminated by L-lactic acid. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Okano
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shnji Hama
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research & Development Laboratory, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Noda
- Bio-energy Corporation, Research & Development Laboratory, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baig MA, Turner MS, Liu SQ, Al-Nabulsi AA, Shah NP, Ayyash MM. Potential Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus M41 Modulates Its Proteome Differentially for Tolerances Against Heat, Cold, Acid, and Bile Stresses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731410. [PMID: 34721329 PMCID: PMC8548654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics containing functional food confer health benefits in addition to their nutritional properties. In this study, we have evaluated the differential proteomic responses of a potential novel probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus M41 under heat, cold, acid, and bile stress conditions. We identified stress response proteins that could provide tolerances against these stresses and could be used as probiotic markers for evaluating stress tolerance. Pediococcus pentosaceus M41 was exposed for 2 h to each condition: 50°C (heat stress), 4°C (cold stress), pH 3.0 (acid stress) and 0.05% bile (bile stress). Proteomic analysis was carried out using 2D-IEF SDS PAGE and LC-MS/MS. Out of 60 identified proteins, 14 upregulated and 6 downregulated proteins were common among all the stress conditions. These proteins were involved in different biological functions such as translation-related proteins, carbohydrate metabolism (phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase), histidine biosynthesis (imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase) and cell wall synthesis (tyrosine-protein kinase CapB). Proteins such as polysaccharide deacetylase, lactate oxidase, transcription repressor NrdR, dihydroxyacetone kinase were upregulated under three out of the four stress conditions. The differential expression of these proteins might be responsible for tolerance and protection of P. pentosaceus M41 against different stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Affan Baig
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mark S. Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anas A. Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nagendra P. Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Mutamed M. Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng T, Wang J. Oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic: a systematic review. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1801944. [PMID: 32795116 PMCID: PMC7524341 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1801944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most frequently used probiotics in fermented foods and beverages and as food supplements for humans or animals, owing to their multiple beneficial features, which appear to be partially associated with their antioxidant properties. LAB can help improve food quality and flavor and prevent numerous disorders caused by oxidation in the host. In this review, we discuss the oxidative stress tolerance, the antioxidant capacity related herewith, and the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways in probiotic LAB. In addition, we discuss appropriate methods used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of probiotic LAB. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the current state of the research associated with the oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of LAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva WM, Sousa CS, Oliveira LC, Soares SC, Souza GF, Tavares GC, Resende CP, Folador EL, Pereira FL, Figueiredo H, Azevedo V. Comparative proteomic analysis of four biotechnological strains Lactococcus lactis through label-free quantitative proteomics. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:265-274. [PMID: 30341804 PMCID: PMC6389847 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a bacteria with high biotechnological potential, where is frequently used in the amino acid production and production of fermented dairy products, as well as drug delivery systems and mucosal vaccine vector. The knowledge of a functional core proteome is important extremely for both fundamental understanding of cell functions and for synthetic biology applications. In this study, we characterized the L. lacits proteome from proteomic analysis of four biotechnological strains L. lactis: L. lactis subsp. lactis NCDO2118, L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403, L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363. Our label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the whole bacterial lysates from each strains resulted in the characterization of the L. lactis core proteome that was composed by 586 proteins, which might contribute to resistance of this bacterium to different stress conditions as well as involved in the probiotic characteristic of L. lactis. Kegg enrichment analysis shows that ribosome, metabolic pathways, pyruvate metabolism and microbial metabolism in diverse environments were the most enriched. According to our quantitative proteomic analysis, proteins related to translation process were the more abundant in the core proteome, which represent an important step in the synthetic biology. In addition, we identified a subset of conserved proteins that are exclusive of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris or L. lactis subsp. lactis, which some are related to metabolic pathway exclusive. Regarding specific proteome of NCDO2118, we detected 'strain-specific proteins'. Finally, proteogenomics analysis allows the identification of proteins, which were not previously annotated in IL1403 and MG1363. The results obtained in this study allowed to increase our knowledge about the biology of L. lactis, which contributes to the implementation of strategies that make it possible to increase the biotechnological potential of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson M. Silva
- Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Cassiana S. Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Leticia C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaInstituto de Ciências Naturais e BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Triangulo MineiroUberabaMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Siomar C. Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaInstituto de Ciências Naturais e BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Triangulo MineiroUberabaMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Gustavo F.M.H. Souza
- MS Applications LaboratoryWaters CorporationWaters Technologies BrazilAlphavilleSão PauloBrasil
| | - Guilherme C. Tavares
- AQUACENEscola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Cristiana P. Resende
- AQUACENEscola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Edson L. Folador
- Centro de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão PessoaParaíbaBrasil
| | - Felipe L. Pereira
- AQUACENEscola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Henrique Figueiredo
- AQUACENEscola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Solioz M. Copper Homeostasis in Gram-Positive Bacteria. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94439-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Nies DH. The biological chemistry of the transition metal "transportome" of Cupriavidus metallidurans. Metallomics 2017; 8:481-507. [PMID: 27065183 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review tries to illuminate how the bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 is able to allocate essential transition metal cations to their target proteins although these metals have similar charge-to-surface ratios and chemical features, exert toxic effects, compete with each other, and occur in the bacterial environment over a huge range of concentrations and speciations. Central to this ability is the "transportome", the totality of all interacting metal import and export systems, which, as an emergent feature, transforms the environmental metal content and speciation into the cellular metal mélange. In a kinetic flow equilibrium resulting from controlled uptake and efflux reactions, the periplasmic and cytoplasmic metal content is adjusted in a way that minimizes toxic effects. A central core function of the transportome is to shape the metal ion composition using high-rate and low-specificity reactions to avoid time and/or energy-requiring metal discrimination reactions. This core is augmented by metal-specific channels that may even deliver metals all the way from outside of the cell to the cytoplasm. This review begins with a description of the basic chemical features of transition metal cations and the biochemical consequences of these attributes, and which transition metals are available to C. metallidurans. It then illustrates how the environment influences the metal content and speciation, and how the transportome adjusts this metal content. It concludes with an outlook on the fate of metals in the cytoplasm. By generalization, insights coming from C. metallidurans shed light on multiple transition metal homoeostatic mechanisms in all kinds of bacteria including pathogenic species, where the "battle" for metals is an important part of the host-pathogen interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich H Nies
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Yin J, Liu J, Xu Q, Lan T, Ren F, Hao Y. The Copper Homeostasis Transcription Factor CopR Is Involved in H 2O 2 Stress in Lactobacillus plantarum CAUH2. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2015. [PMID: 29089937 PMCID: PMC5651008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factors (TFs) play important roles in the responses to oxidative, acid, and other environmental stresses in Gram-positive bacteria, but the regulatory mechanism of TFs involved in oxidative stress remains unknown in lactic acid bacteria. In the present work, homologous overexpression strains with 43 TFs were constructed in the Lactobacillus plantarum CAUH2 parent strain. The strain overexpressing CopR displayed the highest sensitivity and a 110-fold decrease in survival rate under H2O2 challenge. The importance of CopR in the response to H2O2 stress was further confirmed by a 10.8-fold increase in the survival of a copR insertion mutant. In silico analysis of the genes flanking copR revealed putative CopR-binding “cop box” sequences in the promoter region of the adjacent gene copB encoding a Cu2+-exporting ATPase. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis demonstrated the specific binding of CopR with copB in vitro, suggesting copB is a target gene of CopR in L. plantarum. The role of CopB involved in oxidative stress was verified by the significantly decreased survival in the copB mutant. Furthermore, a growth defect in copper-containing medium demonstrated that CopB functions as an export ATPase for copper ions. Furthermore, EMSAs revealed that CopR functions as a regulator that negatively regulates copB gene and Cu2+ serves as inducer of CopR to activate the expression of CopB in response to H2O2 stress in L. plantarum CAUH2. Our findings indicated that CopR plays an important role in enhancing oxidative resistance by regulating copB to modulate copper homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yin
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Lan
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Veillonella Catalase Protects the Growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Microaerophilic and Streptococcus gordonii-Resident Environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01079-17. [PMID: 28778894 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01079-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral biofilm is a multispecies community in which antagonism and mutualism coexist among friends and foes to keep an ecological balance of community members. The pioneer colonizers, such as Streptococcus gordonii, produce H2O2 to inhibit the growth of competitors, like the mutans streptococci, as well as strict anaerobic middle and later colonizers of the dental biofilm. Interestingly, Veillonella species, as early colonizers, physically interact (coaggregate) with S. gordonii A putative catalase gene (catA) is found in most sequenced Veillonella species; however, the function of this gene is unknown. In this study, we characterized the ecological function of catA from Veillonella parvula PK1910 by integrating it into the only transformable strain, Veillonella atypica OK5, which is catA negative. The strain (OK5-catA) became more resistant to H2O2 Further studies demonstrated that the catA gene expression is induced by the addition of H2O2 or coculture with S. gordonii Mixed-culture experiments further revealed that the transgenic OK5-catA strain not only enhanced the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a strict anaerobic periodontopathogen, under microaerophilic conditions, but it also rescued F. nucleatum from killing by S. gordonii A potential role of catalase in veillonellae in biofilm ecology and pathogenesis is discussed here.IMPORTANCEVeillonella species, as early colonizers, can coaggregate with many bacteria, including the initial colonizer Streptococcus gordonii and periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, during various stages of oral biofilm formation. In addition to providing binding sites for many microbes, our previous study also showed that Veillonella produces nutrients for the survival and growth of periodontal pathogens. These findings indicate that Veillonella plays an important "bridging" role in the development of oral biofilms and the ecology of the human oral cavity. In this study, we demonstrated that the reducing activity of Veillonella can rescue the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum not only under microaerophilic conditions, but also in an environment in which Streptococcus gordonii is present. Thus, this study will provide a new insight for future studies on the mechanisms of human oral biofilm formation and the control of periodontal diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sheng Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang B, He X, Xu W, Huang K. Cadmium tolerant characteristic of a newly isolated Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:183-190. [PMID: 27816003 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination caused by heavy metals poses a major threat to the wildlife and human health for their toxicity and intrinsically persistent nature. Some specific food grade bacteria have properties that enable them to eliminate heavy metals from food and water. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, newly isolated from pickles, is a cadmium (Cd) tolerant bacteria. Cd resistant properties of the lactis was evaluated under different Cd stresses. Cd accumulation in different cellular parts was determined by ICP-MS and cell morphology changes were measured by SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS. In addition, functional groups associated with Cd resistance were detected by infrared spectroscopic analysis. The results indicated that Cd mainly accumulated in the cell surface structures including cytoderm and cytomembrane. Functional groups such as OH and NH2 in the cell surface played essential roles in Cd biosorption. The elements of O, P, S, and N of polysaccharide, membrane protein and phosphatidate in the cell surface structures might be responsible for Cd biosorption for their strong electronegativity. This study indicated that ultrastructural analysis can be a supplemental method to study heavy metal resistance mechanism of microorganism and the newly isolated lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has great potential to be applied to decontamination of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheng Y, Yang X, Lian Y, Zhang B, He X, Xu W, Huang K. Characterization of a cadmium resistance Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain by antioxidant assays and proteome profiles methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 46:286-291. [PMID: 27522548 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination poses a major threat to the environment and human health for their potential toxicity and non-biodegradable properties. At present, some probiotics bacteria are reported to have great potential to eliminate heavy metals from food and water. In this study, resistance properties of a newly isolated Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis for cadmium were studied by antioxidant assays and proteomics analysis. Antioxidant capacity of this strain was significantly activated under cadmium stress indicated by Fenton reaction, DPPH assay, SOD assay and GSH assay. Intracellular antioxidant enzyme systems, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase were suggested to play vital roles in the activated antioxidant capacity. The up-regulated cadA was associated with the activated P-type ATPases that plays an important role in cadmium resistance. Proteomics analysis identified 12 over-expressed proteins under 50mg/L cadmium stress and these proteins are abundant in oxidative stress response and energy metabolism regulation, which were considered as consequences as cadmium resistance of the strain. Thus, the probiotics Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis may resist cadmium stress through antioxidant approach and enhanced energy metabolism. The food grade lactis strain may be applied in metal decontamination in environment and food/feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo Z, Han J, Yang XY, Cao K, He K, Du G, Zeng G, Zhang L, Yu G, Sun Z, He QY, Sun X. Proteomic analysis of the copper resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Metallomics 2015; 7:448-54. [PMID: 25608595 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen causing a variety of diseases, including otitis media, bacteraemia and meningitis. Although copper is an essential trace metal for bacterial growth, high intracellular levels of free-copper are toxic. Copper resistance has emerged as an important virulence determinant of microbial pathogens. In this study, we determined the minimum inhibition concentration of copper for the growth inhibition of S. pneumoniae. Two-dimensional-electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to identify proteins involved in copper resistance of S. pneumoniae. In total, forty-four proteins with more than 1.5-fold alteration in expression (p < 0.05) were identified. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to confirm the proteomic results. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in the cell wall biosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, purine biosynthesis, pyrimidine biosynthesis, primary metabolic process, and the nitrogen compound metabolic process. Many up-regulated proteins in response to the copper treatment directly or indirectly participated in the cell wall biosynthesis, indicating that the cell wall is a critical determinant in copper resistance of S. pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Impact of metagenomic DNA extraction procedures on the identifiable endophytic bacterial diversity in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:104-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Mancini S, Abicht HK, Gonskikh Y, Solioz M. A copper-induced quinone degradation pathway provides protection against combined copper/quinone stress inLactococcus lactis IL1403. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:645-59. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mancini
- Department Clinical Research; University of Bern; Murtenstrasse 35 3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Helge K. Abicht
- Department Clinical Research; University of Bern; Murtenstrasse 35 3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Yulia Gonskikh
- Department Clinical Research; University of Bern; Murtenstrasse 35 3010 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology; Tomsk State University; Prospect Lenina 36 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Marc Solioz
- Department Clinical Research; University of Bern; Murtenstrasse 35 3010 Bern Switzerland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology; Tomsk State University; Prospect Lenina 36 634050 Tomsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McMahon D, Oberg C, Drake M, Farkye N, Moyes L, Arnold M, Ganesan B, Steele J, Broadbent J. Effect of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium salt cations on pH, proteolysis, organic acids, and microbial populations during storage of full-fat Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4780-98. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Tan P, Peh K, Gan C, Liong M. Bioactive dairy ingredients for food and non-food applications. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Khemiri A, Carrière M, Bremond N, Ben Mlouka MA, Coquet L, Llorens I, Chapon V, Jouenne T, Cosette P, Berthomieu C. Escherichia coli response to uranyl exposure at low pH and associated protein regulations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89863. [PMID: 24587082 PMCID: PMC3935937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Better understanding of uranyl toxicity in bacteria is necessary to optimize strains for bioremediation purposes or for using bacteria as biodetectors for bioavailable uranyl. In this study, after different steps of optimization, Escherichia colicells were exposed to uranyl at low pH to minimize uranyl precipitation and to increase its bioavailability. Bacteria were adapted to mid acidic pH before exposure to 50 or 80 µM uranyl acetate for two hours at pH≈3. To evaluate the impact of uranium, growth in these conditions were compared and the same rates of cells survival were observed in control and uranyl exposed cultures. Additionally, this impact was analyzedby two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis proteomics to discover protein actors specifically present or accumulated in contact with uranium.Exposure to uranium resulted in differential accumulation of proteins associated with oxidative stress and in the accumulation of the NADH/quinone oxidoreductase WrbA. This FMN dependent protein performs obligate two-electron reduction of quinones, and may be involved in cells response to oxidative stress. Interestingly, this WrbA protein presents similarities with the chromate reductase from E. coli, which was shown to reduce uranyl in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arbia Khemiri
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales 7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marie Carrière
- UMR E3 CEA-Université Joseph Fourier, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques (LAN), Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales 7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Ben Mlouka
- UMR 6270 CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique PISSARO, IRIB -Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Laurent Coquet
- UMR 6270 CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique PISSARO, IRIB -Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Llorens
- ESRF-CRG-FAME beamline, Polygone Scientifique Louis Néel, Grenoble, France ; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique CEA, DSM, INAC, Laboratoire Nanostructure et Rayonnement Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Virginie Chapon
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales 7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- UMR 6270 CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique PISSARO, IRIB -Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- UMR 6270 CNRS, Plateforme Protéomique PISSARO, IRIB -Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Catherine Berthomieu
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine-Métal, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales 7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France ; Université d'Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
SASAKI Y, HORIUCHI H, KAWASHIMA H, MUKAI T, YAMAMOTO Y. NADH Oxidase of Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 is Required for the Effective Yogurt Fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2014; 33:31-40. [PMID: 24936380 PMCID: PMC4034325 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.33.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that dissolved oxygen (DO) suppresses yogurt fermentation with an industrial starter culture composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131, and also found that reducing the DO in the medium prior to fermentation (deoxygenated fermentation) shortens the fermentation time. In this study, we found that deoxygenated fermentation primarily increased the cell number of S. thermophilus 1131 rather than that of L. bulgaricus 2038, resulting in earlier l-lactate and formate accumulation. Measurement of the DO concentration and hydrogen peroxide generation in the milk medium suggested that DO is mainly removed by S. thermophilus 1131. The results using an H2O-forming NADH oxidase (Nox)-defective mutant of S. thermophilus 1131 revealed that Nox is the major oxygen-consuming enzyme of the bacterium. Yogurt fermentation with the S. thermophilus Δnox mutant and L. bulgaricus 2038 was significantly slower than with S. thermophilus 1131 and L. bulgaricus 2038, and the DO concentrations of the mixed culture did not decrease to less than 2 mg/kg within 3 hr. These observations suggest that Nox of S. thermophilus 1131 contributes greatly to yogurt fermentation, presumably by removing the DO in milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko SASAKI
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita,
Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroshi HORIUCHI
- Food Science Institute, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara,
Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan
| | - Hiroko KAWASHIMA
- Food Science Institute, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara,
Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan
| | - Takao MUKAI
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1
Higashi 23, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuji YAMAMOTO
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1
Higashi 23, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Honsa ES, Johnson MDL, Rosch JW. The roles of transition metals in the physiology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:92. [PMID: 24364001 PMCID: PMC3849628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacterial pathogens whose sole environmental reservoir is the human host, the acquisition of essential nutrients, particularly transition metals, is a critical aspect of survival due to tight sequestration and limitation strategies deployed to curtail pathogen outgrowth. As such, these bacteria have developed diverse, specialized acquisition mechanisms to obtain these metals from the niches of the body in which they reside. To oppose the spread of infection, the human host has evolved multiple mechanisms to counter bacterial invasion, including sequestering essential metals away from bacteria and exposing bacteria to lethal concentrations of metals. Hence, to maintain homeostasis within the host, pathogens must be able to acquire necessary metals from host proteins and to export such metals when concentrations become detrimental. Furthermore, this acquisition and efflux equilibrium must occur in a tissue-specific manner because the concentration of metals varies greatly within the various microenvironments of the human body. In this review, we examine the functional roles of the metal import and export systems of the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae in both signaling and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Honsa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael D L Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Douillard FP, Kant R, Ritari J, Paulin L, Palva A, de Vos WM. Comparative genome analysis of Lactobacillus casei strains isolated from Actimel and Yakult products reveals marked similarities and points to a common origin. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 6:576-87. [PMID: 23815335 PMCID: PMC3918159 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the Lactobacillus genus are widely used in the food and feed industry and show a remarkable ecological adaptability. Several Lactobacillus strains have been marketed as probiotics as they possess health-promoting properties for the host. In the present study, we used two complementary next-generation sequencing technologies to deduce the genome sequences of two Lactobacillus casei strains LcA and LcY, which were isolated from the products Actimel and Yakult, commercialized as probiotics. The LcA and LcY draft genomes have, respectively, an estimated size of 3067 and 3082 Mb and a G+C content of 46.3%. Both strains are close to identical to each other and differ by no more than minor chromosomal re-arrangements, substitutions, insertions and deletions, as evident from the verified presence of one insertion-deletion (InDel) and only 29 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In terms of coding capacity, LcA and LcY are predicted to encode a comparable exoproteome, indicating that LcA and LcY are likely to establish similar interactions with human intestinal cells. Moreover, both L. casei LcA and LcY harboured a 59.6 kb plasmid that shared high similarities with plasmids found in other L. casei strains, such as W56 and BD-II. Further analysis revealed that the L. casei plasmids constitute a good evolution marker within the L. casei species. The plasmids of the LcA and LcY strains are almost identical, as testified by the presence of only three verified SNPs, and share a 3.5 kb region encoding a remnant of a lactose PTS system that is absent from the plasmids of W56 and BD-II but conserved in another smaller L. casei plasmid (pLC2W). Our observations imply that the results obtained in animal and human experiments performed with the Actimel and Yakult strains can be compared with each other as these strains share a very recent common ancestor. Funding Information The present work was supported by the Center of Excellence in Microbial Food Safety Research (Academy of Finland, Grant 141140), Grant ERC 250172 – Microbes Inside from the European Research Council and Grants 137389 and 141130 from the Academy of Finland. F.P.D. was funded by a postdoctoral research fellowship (Academy of Finland, Grant 252123).
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou P, Liu L, Tong H, Dong X. Role of operon aaoSo-mutT in antioxidant defense in Streptococcus oligofermentans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38133. [PMID: 22666463 PMCID: PMC3364214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have found that an insertional inactivation of aaoSo, a gene encoding L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), causes marked repression of the growth of Streptococcus oligofermentans. Here, we found that aaoSo and mutT, a homolog of pyrophosphohydrolase gene of Escherichia coli, constituted an operon. Deletion of either gene did not impair the growth of S. oligofermentans, but double deletion of both aaoSo and mutT was lethal. Quantitative PCR showed that the transcript abundance of mutT was reduced for 13-fold in the aaoSo insertional mutant, indicating that gene polarity derived from the inactivation of aaoSo attenuated the expression of mutT. Enzymatic assays were conducted to determine the biochemical functions of LAAO and MutT of S. oligofermentans. The results indicated that LAAO functioned as an aminoacetone oxidase [47.75 nmol H2O2 (min·mg protein)–1]; and MutT showed the pyrophosphohydrolase activity, which removed mutagens such as 8-oxo-dGTP. Like paraquat, aaoSo mutations increased the expression of SOD, and addition of aminoacetone (final concentration, 5 mM) decreased the mutant’s growth by 11%, indicating that the aaoSo mutants are under ROS stress. HPLC did reveal elevated levels of cytoplasmic aminoacetone in both the deletion and insertional gene mutants of aaoSo. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy showed increased hydroxyl radicals in both types of aaoSo mutant. This demonstrated that inactivation of aaoSo caused the elevation of the prooxidant aminoacetone, resulting the cellular ROS stress. Our study indicates that the presence of both LAAO and MutT can prevent endogenous metabolites-generated ROS and mutagens. In this way, we were able to determine the role of the aaoSo-mutT operon in antioxidant defense in S. oligofermentans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huichun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XD); (HT)
| | - Xiuzhu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XD); (HT)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang XY, Lu J, Sun X, He QY. Application of subproteomics in the characterization of Gram-positive bacteria. J Proteomics 2011; 75:2803-10. [PMID: 22240296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria cause a series of diseases in human, animals and plants. There has been increasing interest in efforts to investigate pathogenesis of bacteria using multiple "omic" strategies including proteomics. Proteins in different cell fractions of bacteria may play different vital roles in various physiological processes, such as adhesion, invasion, internalization, sensing, respiration, oxidative stress protection and pathogenicity. Subproteomics specifically focuses on the pre-fractionated cellular proteins and thus may be able to characterize more low-abundance molecules that are usually overlooked by the traditional whole-cell proteomics, providing comprehensive information for further investigations. This review intends to outline the current progress, challenges and future development of subproteomics in the characterization of Gram-positive bacteria. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics: The clinical link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yang
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering/National Engineering & Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luque-Garcia JL, Cabezas-Sanchez P, Camara C. Proteomics as a tool for examining the toxicity of heavy metals. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
24
|
Structure and function of CinD (YtjD) of Lactococcus lactis, a copper-induced nitroreductase involved in defense against oxidative stress. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:4172-80. [PMID: 20562311 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00372-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Lactococcus lactis IL1403, 14 genes are under the control of the copper-inducible CopR repressor. This so-called CopR regulon encompasses the CopR regulator, two putative CPx-type copper ATPases, a copper chaperone, and 10 additional genes of unknown function. We addressed here the function of one of these genes, ytjD, which we renamed cinD (copper-induced nitroreductase). Copper, cadmium, and silver induced cinD in vivo, as shown by real-time quantitative PCR. A knockout mutant of cinD was more sensitive to oxidative stress exerted by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and copper. Purified CinD is a flavoprotein and reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide with k(cat) values of 27 and 11 s(-1), respectively, using NADH as a reductant. CinD also exhibited significant catalase activity in vitro. The X-ray structure of CinD was resolved at 1.35 A and resembles those of other nitroreductases. CinD is thus a nitroreductase which can protect L. lactis against oxidative stress that could be exerted by nitroaromatic compounds and copper.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cesselin B, Derré-Bobillot A, Fernandez A, Lamberet G, Lechardeur D, Yamamoto Y, Pedersen MB, Garrigues C, Gaudu P. Respiration, a strategy to avoid oxidative stress in Lactococcus lactis, is regulated by the heme status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4109/jslab.21.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
26
|
Response of gram-positive bacteria to copper stress. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 15:3-14. [PMID: 19774401 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, and Bacillus subtilis have received wide attention in the study of copper homeostasis. Consequently, copper extrusion by ATPases, gene regulation by copper, and intracellular copper chaperoning are understood in some detail. This has provided profound insight into basic principles of how organisms handle copper. It also emerged that many bacterial species may not require copper for life, making copper homeostatic systems pure defense mechanisms. Structural work on copper homeostatic proteins has given insight into copper coordination and bonding and has started to give molecular insight into copper handling in biological systems. Finally, recent biochemical work has shed new light on the mechanism of copper toxicity, which may not primarily be mediated by reactive oxygen radicals.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cai H, Thompson R, Budinich MF, Broadbent JR, Steele JL. Genome sequence and comparative genome analysis of Lactobacillus casei: insights into their niche-associated evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2009; 1:239-57. [PMID: 20333194 PMCID: PMC2817414 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei is remarkably adaptable to diverse habitats and widely used in the food industry. To reveal the genomic features that contribute to its broad ecological adaptability and examine the evolution of the species, the genome sequence of L. casei ATCC 334 is analyzed and compared with other sequenced lactobacilli. This analysis reveals that ATCC 334 contains a high number of coding sequences involved in carbohydrate utilization and transcriptional regulation, reflecting its requirement for dealing with diverse environmental conditions. A comparison of the genome sequences of ATCC 334 to L. casei BL23 reveals 12 and 19 genomic islands, respectively. For a broader assessment of the genetic variability within L. casei, gene content of 21 L. casei strains isolated from various habitats (cheeses, n = 7; plant materials, n = 8; and human sources, n = 6) was examined by comparative genome hybridization with an ATCC 334-based microarray. This analysis resulted in identification of 25 hypervariable regions. One of these regions contains an overrepresentation of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and transcriptional regulation and was thus proposed as a lifestyle adaptation island. Differences in L. casei genome inventory reveal both gene gain and gene decay. Gene gain, via acquisition of genomic islands, likely confers a fitness benefit in specific habitats. Gene decay, that is, loss of unnecessary ancestral traits, is observed in the cheese isolates and likely results in enhanced fitness in the dairy niche. This study gives the first picture of the stable versus variable regions in L. casei and provides valuable insights into evolution, lifestyle adaptation, and metabolic diversity of L. casei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Molecular analysis of the copper-responsive CopRSCD of a pathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens strain. J Microbiol 2009; 47:277-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
A widely conserved gene cluster required for lactate utilization in Bacillus subtilis and its involvement in biofilm formation. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:2423-30. [PMID: 19201793 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01464-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that catabolism of l-lactate in Bacillus subtilis depends on the previously uncharacterized yvfV-yvfW-yvbY (herein renamed lutABC) operon, which is inferred to encode three iron-sulfur-containing proteins. The operon is under the dual control of a GntR-type repressor (LutR, formerly YvfI) and the master regulator for biofilm formation SinR and is induced during growth in response to l-lactate. Operons with high similarity to lutABC are present in the genomes of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, raising the possibility that LutABC is a widely conserved and previously unrecognized pathway for the utilization of l-lactate or related metabolites.
Collapse
|
30
|
The copper-responsive repressor CopR of Lactococcus lactis is a ‘winged helix’ protein. Biochem J 2008; 417:493-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CopR of Lactococcus lactis is a copper-responsive repressor involved in copper homoeostasis. It controls the expression of a total of 11 genes, the CopR regulon, in a copper-dependent manner. In the absence of copper, CopR binds to the promoters of the CopR regulon. Copper releases CopR from the promoters, allowing transcription of the downstream genes to proceed. CopR binds through its N-terminal domain to a ‘cop box’ of consensus TACANNTGTA, which is conserved in Firmicutes. We have solved the NMR solution structure of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of CopR. The protein fold has a winged helix structure resembling that of the BlaI repressor which regulates antibiotic resistance in Bacillus licheniformis. CopR differs from other copper-responsive repressors, and the present structure represents a novel family of copper regulators, which we propose to call the CopY family.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
To identify components of the copper homeostatic mechanism of Lactococcus lactis, we employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to detect changes in the proteome in response to copper. Three proteins upregulated by copper were identified: glyoxylase I (YaiA), a nitroreductase (YtjD), and lactate oxidase (LctO). The promoter regions of these genes feature cop boxes of consensus TACAnnTGTA, which are the binding site of CopY-type copper-responsive repressors. A genome-wide search for cop boxes revealed 28 such sequence motifs. They were tested by electrophoretic mobility shift assays for the interaction with purified CopR, the CopY-type repressor of L. lactis. Seven of the cop boxes interacted with CopR in a copper-sensitive manner. They were present in the promoter region of five genes, lctO, ytjD, copB, ydiD, and yahC; and two polycistronic operons, yahCD-yaiAB and copRZA. Induction of these genes by copper was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. The copRZA operon encodes the CopR repressor of the regulon; a copper chaperone, CopZ; and a putative copper ATPase, CopA. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the copRZA operon conferred copper resistance, suggesting that it functions in copper export from the cytoplasm. Other member genes of the CopR regulon may similarly be involved in copper metabolism.
Collapse
|