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Liu Q, Liu M, Chen W, Yuan H, Jiang Y, Huang D, Liu H, Wang T. Recent Advances in 2-Keto-l-gulonic Acid Production Using Mixed-Culture Fermentation and Future Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1419-1428. [PMID: 38206567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be acquired through our diet. At present, the precursor of vitamin C, 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KGA), is typically produced via a two-step fermentation process utilizing three bacterial strains. The second step of this traditional two-step fermentation method involves mixed-culture fermentation employing 2-KGA-producing bacteria (Ketogulonicigenium vulgare) along with associated bacteria. Because K. vulgare has defects in various metabolic pathways, associated bacteria are needed to provide key substances to promote K. vulgare growth and 2-KGA production. Unlike previous reviews where the main focus was the interaction between associated bacteria and K. vulgare, this Review presents the latest scientific research from the perspective of the metabolic pathways associated with 2-KGA production by K. vulgare and the mechanism underlying the interaction between K. vulgare and the associated bacteria. In addition, the dehydrogenases that are responsible for 2-KGA production, the 2-KGA synthesis pathway, strategies for simplifying 2-KGA production via a one-step fermentation route, and, finally, future prospects and research goals in vitamin C production are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Wang CY, Li Y, Gao ZW, Liu LC, Wu YC, Zhang MY, Zhang TY, Zhang YX. Reconstruction and analysis of carbon metabolic pathway of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare SPU B805 by genome and transcriptome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17838. [PMID: 30546118 PMCID: PMC6293013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogulonicigenium vulgare has been widely used in vitamin C two-step fermentation. Four K. vulgare strains (WSH-001, Y25, Hbe602 and SKV) have been completely genome-sequenced, however, less attention was paid to elucidate the reason for the differences in 2-KGA yield on genetic level. Here, a novel K. vulgare SPU B805 with higher 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA) yield, was genome-sequenced to confirm harboring one circular chromosome with plasmid free. Comparative genome analyses showed that the absence of plasmid 2 was an important factor for its high 2-KGA productivity. The amino acid biosynthetic pathways in strain SPU B805 are much more complete than those in other K. vulgare strains. Meanwhile, strain SPU B805 harbored a complete PPP and TCA route, as well as a disabled EMP and ED pathway, same as to strain SKV, whereas strain WSH-001, Y25 and Hbe602 harbored complete PPP, ED, TCA pathway and a nonfunctional EMP pathway. The transcriptome of strain SPU B805 validated the carbon metabolism in cytoplasm mainly through the PPP pathway due to its higher transcriptional levels. This is the first time to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the difference in 2-KGA yield, and it is of great significance for strain improvement in the industrial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Shenyang, 110026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Li-Cheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying-Cai Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Pothakos V, Debeer N, Debonne I, Rodriguez A, Starr JN, Anderson T. Fermentation Titer Optimization and Impact on Energy and Water Consumption during Downstream Processing. Chem Eng Technol 2018; 41:2358-2365. [PMID: 31007402 PMCID: PMC6472596 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A common focus of fermentation process optimization is the product titer. Different strategies to boost fermentation titer target whole-cell biocatalyst selection, process control, and medium composition. Working at higher product concentrations reduces the water that needs to be removed in the case of aqueous systems and, therefore, lowers the cost of downstream separation and purification. Different approaches to achieve higher titer in fermentation are examined. Energy and water consumption data collected from different Cargill fermentation plants, i.e., ethanol, lactic acid, and 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, confirm that improvements in fermentation titer play a decisive role in downstream economics and environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Debeer
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe BVBAHavenstraat 841800VilvoordeBelgium
| | - Ignace Debonne
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe BVBAHavenstraat 841800VilvoordeBelgium
| | - Asier Rodriguez
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe BVBAHavenstraat 841800VilvoordeBelgium
| | - John N. Starr
- Engineering R&D, Cargill, IncP.O. Box 9300MN 55440MinneapolisUSA
| | - Todd Anderson
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe BVBAHavenstraat 841800VilvoordeBelgium
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Current challenges facing one-step production of l-ascorbic acid. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1882-1899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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diCenzo GC, Debiec K, Krzysztoforski J, Uhrynowski W, Mengoni A, Fagorzi C, Gorecki A, Dziewit L, Bajda T, Rzepa G, Drewniak L. Genomic and Biotechnological Characterization of the Heavy-Metal Resistant, Arsenic-Oxidizing Bacterium Ensifer sp. M14. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E379. [PMID: 30060533 PMCID: PMC6115938 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) sp. M14 is an efficient arsenic-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) that displays high resistance to numerous metals and various stressors. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and genome-guided characterization of Ensifer sp. M14, and we describe a pilot-scale installation applying the M14 strain for remediation of arsenic-contaminated waters. The M14 genome contains 6874 protein coding sequences, including hundreds not found in related strains. Nearly all unique genes that are associated with metal resistance and arsenic oxidation are localized within the pSinA and pSinB megaplasmids. Comparative genomics revealed that multiple copies of high-affinity phosphate transport systems are common in AOBs, possibly as an As-resistance mechanism. Genome and antibiotic sensitivity analyses further suggested that the use of Ensifer sp. M14 in biotechnology does not pose serious biosafety risks. Therefore, a novel two-stage installation for remediation of arsenic-contaminated waters was developed. It consists of a microbiological module, where M14 oxidizes As(III) to As(V) ion, followed by an adsorption module for As(V) removal using granulated bog iron ores. During a 40-day pilot-scale test in an abandoned gold mine in Zloty Stok (Poland), water leaving the microbiological module generally contained trace amounts of As(III), and dramatic decreases in total arsenic concentrations were observed after passage through the adsorption module. These results demonstrate the usefulness of Ensifer sp. M14 in arsenic removal performed in environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C diCenzo
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Klaudia Debiec
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Krzysztoforski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Uhrynowski
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Adrian Gorecki
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bajda
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Rzepa
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Drewniak
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wang CY, Li Y, Gao ZW, Liu LC, Zhang MY, Zhang TY, Wu CF, Zhang YX. Establishing an innovative carbohydrate metabolic pathway for efficient production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid in Ketogulonicigenium robustum initiated by intronic promoters. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:81. [PMID: 29778095 PMCID: PMC5960096 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-Keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of vitamin C, is currently produced by two-step fermentation. In the second step, l-sorbose is transformed into 2-KGA by the symbiosis system composed of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and Bacillus megaterium. Due to the different nutrient requirements and the uncertain ratio of the two strains, the symbiosis system significantly limits strain improvement and fermentation optimization. Results In this study, Ketogulonicigenium robustum SPU_B003 was reported for its capability to grow well independently and to produce more 2-KGA than that of K. vulgare in a mono-culture system. The complete genome of K. robustum SPU_B003 was sequenced, and the metabolic characteristics were analyzed. Compared to the four reported K. vulgare genomes, K. robustum SPU_B003 contained more tRNAs, rRNAs, NAD and NADP biosynthetic genes, as well as regulation- and cell signaling-related genes. Moreover, the amino acid biosynthesis pathways were more complete. Two species-specific internal promoters, P1 (orf_01408 promoter) and P2 (orf_02221 promoter), were predicted and validated by detecting their initiation activity. To efficiently produce 2-KGA with decreased CO2 release, an innovative acetyl-CoA biosynthetic pathway (XFP-PTA pathway) was introduced into K. robustum SPU_B003 by expressing heterologous phosphoketolase (xfp) and phosphotransacetylase (pta) initiated by internal promoters. After gene optimization, the recombinant strain K. robustum/pBBR-P1_xfp2502-P2_pta2145 enhanced acetyl-CoA approximately 2.4-fold and increased 2-KGA production by 22.27% compared to the control strain K. robustum/pBBR1MCS-2. Accordingly, the transcriptional level of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd) and pyruvate dehydrogenase genes (pdh) decreased by 24.33 ± 6.67 and 8.67 ± 5.51%, respectively. The key genes responsible for 2-KGA biosynthesis, sorbose dehydrogenase gene (sdh) and sorbosone dehydrogenase gene (sndh), were up-regulated to different degrees in the recombinant strain. Conclusions The genome-based functional analysis of K. robustum SPU_B003 provided a new understanding of the specific metabolic characteristics. The new XFP-PTA pathway was an efficient route to enhance acetyl-CoA levels and to therefore promote 2-KGA production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0932-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Shenyang, 110026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Li-Cheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Reconstruction of amino acid biosynthetic pathways increases the productivity of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid in Ketogulonicigenium vulgare-Bacillus endophyticus consortium via genes screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:1031-1040. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Defect in the amino acid biosynthetic pathways of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare, the producing strain for 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KGA), is the key reason for its poor growth and low productivity. In this study, five different strains were firstly reconstructed by expressing absent genes in threonine, proline and histidine biosynthetic pathways for better 2-KGA productivity. When mono-cultured in the shake flasks, the strain SyBE_Kv02080002 expressing hsk from Gluconobacter oxydans in threonine biosynthetic pathway achieved the highest biomass and the titer increased by 25.13%. When co-cultured with Bacillus endophyticus, the fermentation cycle decreased by 28.57% than that of the original consortium in 5-L fermenter. Furthermore, reconstruction of threonine biosynthetic pathway resulted in up-regulation of genes encoding sorbosone dehydrogenase and idonate-dehydrogenase, which increased the 2-KGA productivity in SyBE_Kv02080002. This study shows that reconstruction of absent biosynthetic pathways in bacteria is an effective way to enhance the productivity of target products.
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Guleria S, Zhou J, Koffas MA. Nutraceuticals (Vitamin C, Carotenoids, Resveratrol). Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807833.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Guleria
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology; Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Main Campus Chatha Jammu 180 009 India
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Jiangnan University; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mattheos A.G. Koffas
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA
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9
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Chen S, Jia N, Ding MZ, Yuan YJ. Comparative analysis of L-sorbose dehydrogenase by docking strategy for 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production in Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and Bacillus endophyticus consortium. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:1507-1516. [PMID: 27565673 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Improving the yield of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the direct precursor of vitamin C, draws more and more attention in industrial production. In this study, we try to increase the 2-KGA productivity by computer-aided selection of genes encoding L-sorbose dehydrogenases (SDH) of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare. First, six SDHs were modeled by docking strategy to predict the binding mode with co-factor PQQ. The binding energy between SSDA1-H/SSDA1-L and PQQ was the highest, followed by SSDA3/SSDA2. The binding energy between SSDA1-P/SSDB and PQQ was the lowest. Then, these genes were overexpressed, respectively, in an industrial strain K. vulgare HKv604. Overexpression of ssda1-l and ssda1-h enhanced the 2-KGA production by 7.89 and 12.56 % in mono-cultured K. vulgare, and by 13.21 and 16.86 % when K. vulgare was co-cultured with Bacillus endophyticus. When the engineered K. vulgare SyBE_Kv000116013 (overexpression of ssda1-p) or SyBE_Kv000116016 (overexpression of ssdb) was co-cultured with B. endophyticus, the 2-KGA production decreased significantly. The docking results were in accordance with the experimental data, which indicated that computer-aided modeling is an efficient strategy for screening more efficient enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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10
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Jia N, Ding MZ, Du J, Pan CH, Tian G, Lang JD, Fang JH, Gao F, Yuan YJ. Insights into mutualism mechanism and versatile metabolism of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Hbe602 based on comparative genomics and metabolomics studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23068. [PMID: 26979567 PMCID: PMC4793288 DOI: 10.1038/srep23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogulonicigenium vulgare has been widely used in vitamin C two steps fermentation and requires companion strain for optimal growth. However, the understanding of K. vulgare as well as its companion strain is still preliminary. Here, the complete genome of K. vulgare Hbe602 was deciphered to provide insight into the symbiosis mechanism and the versatile metabolism. K. vulgare contains the LuxR family proteins, chemokine proteins, flagellar structure proteins, peptides and transporters for symbiosis consortium. Besides, the growth state and metabolite variation of K. vulgare were observed when five carbohydrates (D-sorbitol, L-sorbose, D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannitol) were used as carbon source. The growth increased by 40.72% and 62.97% respectively when K. vulgare was cultured on D-mannitol/D-sorbitol than on L-sorbose. The insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins is the main reason for the slow growth of K. vulgare. The combined analysis of genomics and metabolomics indicated that TCA cycle, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism were significantly up-regulated when K. vulgare was cultured on the D-mannitol/D-sorbitol, which facilitated the better growth. The present study would be helpful to further understand its metabolic structure and guide the engineering transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jin Du
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Cai-Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Geng Tian
- Sequencing platform of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Ji-Dong Lang
- Sequencing platform of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jian-Huo Fang
- Sequencing platform of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Department of Physics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas chlororaphis YL-1, a Biocontrol Strain Suppressing Plant Microbial Pathogens. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e01225-13. [PMID: 24482513 PMCID: PMC3907728 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01225-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis YL-1 was isolated from soybean root tips and showed a broad range of antagonistic activities to microbial plant pathogens. Here, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of YL-1, which consists of a chromosome with an estimated size of 6.8 Mb with a G+C value of 63.09%.
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Crystallization and structural analysis of 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase from Ketogulonicigenium vulgare. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:295-300. [PMID: 24068509 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
L-2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (HDH) from Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Y25 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol 3350 as precipitant. The crystal structure of HDH was determined at 1.64 Å resolution using the molecular replacement method with the crystal structure of hydroxyl (phenyl) pyruvate reductase from Coleus blumei Benth as the search model. The overall structure of HDH was similar to that of hydroxyl(phenyl)pyruvate reductase, consisting of two compact domains separated by a deep active cleft. The most significant structural divergence is located around the pocket gate comprising residues A210, T211 and R212, which is located on top of the catalytic triad.
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Du J, Bai W, Song H, Yuan YJ. Combinational expression of sorbose/sorbosone dehydrogenases and cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone increases 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production in Ketogulonigenium vulgare-Bacillus cereus consortium. Metab Eng 2013; 19:50-6. [PMID: 23747604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression levels of sorbose/sorbosone dehydrogenase genes (sdh and sndh) and the synthesis genes (pqqABCDEN) of the adjoint cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) were genetically manipulated in Ketogulonigenium vulgare to increase the production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the precursor of vitamin C, in the consortium of K. vulgare and Bacillus cereus. We found that overexpression of sdh-sndh alone in K. vulgare could not significantly enhance the production of 2-KLG, revealing the cofactor PQQ was required for the biosynthesis of 2-KLG. Various expression levels of PQQ were achieved by differential expression of pqqA, pqqABCDE and pqqABCDEN, respectively. The combinatorial expression of sdh/sndh and pqqABCDEN in K. vulgare enabled a 20% increase in the production of 2-KLG (79.1±0.6gl(-1)) than that of the parental K. vulgare (65.9±0.4gl(-1)) in shaking flasks. Our results demonstrated the balanced co-expression of both the key enzymes and the related cofactors was an efficient strategy to increase chemicals' biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Du
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, P.O. Box 6888, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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Glutathione enhances 2-keto-l-gulonic acid production based on Ketogulonicigenium vulgare model iWZ663. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:454-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Industrial Production of l-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and d-Isoascorbic Acid. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:143-88. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. S. aureus is the most common species of Staphylococcus to cause staphylococcal infections, which are very common in clinical medicine. Here we report the genome sequence of S. aureus strain LCT-SA112, which was isolated from S. aureus subsp. aureus CGMCC 1.230.
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Zou W, Liu L, Chen J. Structure, mechanism and regulation of an artificial microbial ecosystem for vitamin C production. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:247-55. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.706250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Reconstruction and analysis of a genome-scale metabolic model of the vitamin C producing industrial strain Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH-001. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Vitamin C, an important organic acid, is widely used in the industries of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, beverage and feed additives. Compared with the Reichstein method, biotechnological production of vitamin C is an attractive approach due to the low cost and high product quality. In this chapter, biosynthesis of vitamin C, including one-step fermentation processes and two-step fermentation processes are discussed and compared. Furthermore, the prospects of the biotechnological production of vitamin C are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
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20
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Genetic engineering of Ketogulonigenium vulgare for enhanced production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:320-5. [PMID: 22192513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Folate derivatives are crucial growth factors for Ketogulonigenium vulgare which is used in mixed culture with Bacillus megaterium for the industrial production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) or vitamin C (Vc). To improve the growth and 2-KGA production, five genes involved in folate biosynthesis identified in a folate gene cluster from Lactococcus lactis MG1363, including folB, folKE, folP, folQ and folC, were over-expressed in K. vulgare. Intracellular folate concentration in the recombinant strain harboring folate biosynthesis genes cluster under the control of P(sdh) (sorbose dehydrogenase gene sdh promoter from K. vulgare) was 8 times higher than that of the wildtype K. vulgare DSM 4025 (P<0.001). In shake flask studies, the cell density and 2-KGA production of the recombinant K. vulgare Rif (pMCS2PsdhfolBC) were increased by 18% (P<0.001) and 14% (P<0.001), respectively, under a relatively stable pH 7 condition. In fermentor studies, enhancements around 25% cell density (P<0.001) and approximately 35% 2-KGA productivity (P<0.001) were observed in comparison with the controls without over-expressing the folate biosynthesis genes. This was the first successful study of metabolic engineering on K. vulgare for enhanced 2-KGA production.
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Complete genome sequence of the industrial strain Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH-001. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:6108-9. [PMID: 21994934 DOI: 10.1128/jb.06007-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogulonicigenium vulgare is an industrial organism commonly used in the vitamin C industry. Here, we report the finished, annotated, and compared 3.28-Mbp high-quality genome sequence of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH-001, a 2-keto-l-gulonic acid-producing industrial strain stocked in our laboratory.
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22
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Liu L, Chen K, Zhang J, Liu J, Chen J. Gelatin enhances 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production based on Ketogulonigenium vulgare genome annotation. J Biotechnol 2011; 156:182-7. [PMID: 21924300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the two-step fermentative production of vitamin C, its precursor 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) was synthesized by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare through co-culture with Bacillus megaterium. The reconstruction of the amino acid metabolic pathway through completed genome sequence annotation demonstrated that K. vulgare was deficient in one or more key enzymes in the de novo biosynthesis pathways of eight different amino acids (L-histidine, L-glycine, L-lysine, L-proline, L-threonine, L-methionine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine). Among them, L-glycine, L-proline, L-threonine, and L-isoleucine play vital roles in K. vulgare growth and 2-KLG production. The addition of those amino acids increased the 2-KLG productivity by 20.4%, 17.2%, 17.2%, and 11.8%, respectively. Furthermore, food grade gelatin was developed as a substitute for the amino acids to increase the cell concentration, 2-KLG productivity, and L-sorbose consumption rate by 10.2%, 23.4%, and 20.9%, respectively. As a result, the fermentation period decreased to 43 h in a 7-L fermentor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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23
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Nelson OW, Garrity GM. Genome sequences published outside of Standards in Genomic Sciences, January – June 2011. Stand Genomic Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4056/sigs.2044675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oranmiyan W. Nelson
- 1Editorial Office, Standards in Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - George M. Garrity
- 1Editorial Office, Standards in Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Abstract
Paracoccus sp. strain TRP, isolated from activated sludge, could completely biodegrade chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Paracoccus sp. strain TRP, which could be used to predict genes for xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism.
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