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Multiple S-Layer Proteins of Brevibacillus laterosporus as Virulence Factors against Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021781. [PMID: 36675293 PMCID: PMC9864115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
S-layers are involved in the adaptation of bacteria to the outside environment and in pathogenesis, often representing special virulence factors. Vegetative cells of the entomopathogenic bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus are characterized by an overproduction of extracellular surface layers that are released in the medium during growth. The purpose of this study was to characterize cell wall proteins of this bacterium and to investigate their involvement in pathogenesis. Electron microscopy observations documented the presence of multiple S-layers, including an outermost (OW) and a middle (MW) layer, in addition to the peptidoglycan layer covering the plasma membrane. After identifying these proteins (OWP and MWP) by mass spectrometry analyses, and determining their gene sequences, the cell wall multilayer-released fraction was successfully isolated and used in insect bioassays alone and in combination with bacterial spores. This study confirmed a central role of spores in bacterial pathogenicity to insects but also detected a significant virulence associated with fractions containing released cell wall multilayer proteins. Taken together, S-layer proteins appear to be part of the toxins and virulence factors complex of this microbial control agent of invertebrate pests.
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2
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Insecticidal potential of Brevibacillus laterosporus against dipteran pest species in a wide ecological range. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 177:107493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Multiplexed Non-barcoded Long-Read Sequencing and Assembling Genomes of Bacillus Strains in Error-Free Simulations. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:79-84. [PMID: 31722044 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of genomic data from microorganisms has revolutionized our abilities to understand their biology, but it is still challenging to obtain complete genome sequences of microbes in an automated high-throughput and cost-effective manner. While the advent of second-generation sequencing technologies provided significantly higher throughput, their shorter lengths and more pronounced sequence-context bias led to a shift towards resequencing applications. Recently, single molecule real-time (SMRT) DNA sequencing has been used to generate sequencing reads that are much longer than other sequencing platforms, facilitating de novo genome assembly and genome finishing. Here we introduced a novel multiplex strategy to make full use of the capacity and characteristics of SMRT sequencing in microbe genome assembly. We used error-free simulations to evaluate the practicability of assembling SMRT genomic sequencing data from multiple microbes into finished genomes once at a time. Then we compared the influence of two key factors, including sequencing coverage and read length, on multiplex assembling. Our results showed that long-read genomic sequencing inherently provided the ability to assemble genomic sequencing data from multiple microbes into finished genomes due to its long length. This approach might be helpful for the various groups of microbial genome projects or metagenomics research.
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Inhibition of Paenibacillus larvae by an extracellular protein fraction from a honeybee-borne Brevibacillus laterosporus strain. Microbiol Res 2019; 227:126303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Glare TR, Durrant A, Berry C, Palma L, Ormskirk MM, Cox MP. Phylogenetic determinants of toxin gene distribution in genomes of Brevibacillus laterosporus. Genomics 2019; 112:1042-1053. [PMID: 31226484 PMCID: PMC6978878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus laterosporus is a globally ubiquitous, spore forming bacterium, strains of which have shown toxic activity against invertebrates and microbes and several have been patented due to their commercial potential. Relatively little is known about this bacterium. Here, we examined the genomes of six published and five newly determined genomes of B. laterosporus, with an emphasis on the relationships between known and putative toxin encoding genes, as well as the phylogenetic relationships between strains. Phylogenetically, strain relationships are similar using average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and multi-gene approaches, although PacBio sequencing revealed multiple copies of the 16S rDNA gene which lessened utility at the strain level. Based on ANI values, the New Zealand isolates were distant from other isolates and may represent a new species. While all of the genomes examined shared some putative toxicity or virulence related proteins, many specific genes were only present in a subset of strains. We examined genomes of 11 Brevibacillus laterosporus, a bacterium which is antagonistic to invertebrates and/or microbes Multiple phylogenetic methods showed New Zealand isolates more distant than all other isolates Each genome could contain 11–13 copies of the 16S rDNA gene, some of which were not identical Many putative toxin encoding genes were present in the genomes, but the toxin complement varied from isolate to isolate Variation in occurrence of toxin-encoding genes indicates the potential to find strains with new combinations of activities
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Glare
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.
| | - Abigail Durrant
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Colin Berry
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Leopoldo Palma
- Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555, Villa María 5900, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Marsha Ormskirk
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Murray P Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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6
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Miljkovic M, Jovanovic S, O’Connor PM, Mirkovic N, Jovcic B, Filipic B, Dinic M, Studholme DJ, Fira D, Cotter PD, Kojic M. Brevibacillus laterosporus strains BGSP7, BGSP9 and BGSP11 isolated from silage produce broad spectrum multi-antimicrobials. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216773. [PMID: 31075157 PMCID: PMC6510442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria active against multi-drug resistant pathogens, isolated by direct selection of colonies from clover silage samples, produce zones of inhibition against two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae Ni9 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MMA83) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19111) pathogens. Isolates BGSP7, BGSP9, BGSP11 and BGSP12 produced the largest zones of inhibition against all four pathogens when grown in LB broth with aeration at 37°C. Isolates BGSP7, BGSP9, BGSP11 and BGSP12 were identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus and pulsed field gel electrophoresis and extracellular protein profiles showed that three different strains (BGSP7, BGSP9 and BGSP11) were isolated. A semi-native SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gel overlay assay showed that BGSP7 and BGSP9 produce small antimicrobial molecules of about 1.5 kDa, while BGSP11 produces antimicrobial molecules of 1.5 and 6 kDa active against S. aureus ATCC25923. Amino acid analysis of two antimicrobial molecules (1583.73 Da; from BGSP7 and 1556.31 Da; from BGSP11) revealed that they have a similar composition and differ only by virtue of the presence of a methionine which is present only in BGSP11 molecule. Genome sequencing of the three isolates revealed the presence of gene clusters associated with the production of non-ribosomally synthesized peptides (brevibacillin, bogorol, gramicidin S, plipastatin and tyrocin) and bacteriocins (laterosporulin, a lactococcin 972-like bacteriocin, as well as putative linocin M18, sactipeptide, UviB and lantipeptide-like molecules). Ultimately, the purification of a number of antimicrobial molecules from each isolate suggests that they can be considered as potent biocontrol strains that produce an arsenal of antimicrobial molecules active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multi-resistant pathogens, fungi and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Miljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofija Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paula M. O’Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nemanja Mirkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovcic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brankica Filipic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David John Studholme
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Djordje Fira
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Milan Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Berg JA, Merrill BD, Breakwell DP, Hope S, Grose JH. A PCR-Based Method for Distinguishing between Two Common Beehive Bacteria, Paenibacillus larvae and Brevibacillus laterosporus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01886-18. [PMID: 30217838 PMCID: PMC6210111 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01886-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus larvae and Brevibacillus laterosporus are two bacteria that are members of the Paenibacillaceae family. Both are commonly found in beehives and have historically been difficult to distinguish from each other due to related genetic and phenotypic characteristics and a shared ecological niche. Here, we discuss the likely mischaracterization of three 16S rRNA sequences previously published as P. larvae and provide the phylogenetic evidence that supported the GenBank reassignment of the sequences as B. laterosporus We explore the issues that arise by using only 16S rRNA or other single-gene analyses to distinguish between these bacteria. We also present three sets of molecular markers, two sets that distinguish P. larvae from B. laterosporus and other closely related species within the Paenibacillus genus and a third set that distinguishes B. laterosporus from P. larvae and other closely related species within the Brevibacillus genus. These molecular markers provide a tool for proper identification of these oft-mistaken species.IMPORTANCE 16S rRNA gene sequencing in bacteria has long been held as the gold standard for typing bacteria and, for the most part, is an excellent method of taxonomically identifying different bacterial species. However, the high level of 16S rRNA sequence similarity of some published strains of P. larvae and B. laterosporus, as well as possible horizontal gene transfer events within their shared ecological niche, complicates the use of 16S rRNA sequence as an effective molecular marker for differentiating these two species. Additionally, shared characteristics of these bacteria limit the effectiveness of using traditional phenotypic identification assays, such as the catalase test. The results from this study provide PCR methods to quickly differentiate between these two genera and will be useful when studying Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, and other disease-relevant bacteria commonly found in beehives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Berg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Bryan D Merrill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Donald P Breakwell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Sandra Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Julianne H Grose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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8
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Comparative Genomics and Description of Putative Virulence Factors of Melissococcus plutonius, the Causative Agent of European Foulbrood Disease in Honey Bees. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080419. [PMID: 30127293 PMCID: PMC6116112 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, approximately 84% of cultivated crop species depend on insect pollinators, mainly bees. Apis mellifera (the Western honey bee) is the most important commercial pollinator worldwide. The Gram-positive bacterium Melissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of European foulbrood (EFB), a global honey bee brood disease. In order to detect putative virulence factors, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 14 M. plutonius strains, including two reference isolates. The isolates do not show a high diversity in genome size or number of predicted protein-encoding genes, ranging from 2.021 to 2.101 Mbp and 1589 to 1686, respectively. Comparative genomics detected genes that might play a role in EFB pathogenesis and ultimately in the death of the honey bee larvae. These include bacteriocins, bacteria cell surface- and host cell adhesion-associated proteins, an enterococcal polysaccharide antigen, an epsilon toxin, proteolytic enzymes, and capsule-associated proteins. In vivo expression of three putative virulence factors (endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, enhancin and epsilon toxin) was verified using naturally infected larvae. With our strain collection, we show for the first time that genomic differences exist between non-virulent and virulent typical strains, as well as a highly virulent atypical strain, that may contribute to the virulence of M. plutonius. Finally, we also detected a high number of conserved pseudogenes (75 to 156) per genome, which indicates genomic reduction during evolutionary host adaptation.
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9
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Marche MG, Camiolo S, Porceddu A, Ruiu L. Survey of Brevibacillus laterosporus insecticidal protein genes and virulence factors. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 155:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Antimicrobial peptides produced by Brevibacillus spp.: structure, classification and bioactivity: a mini review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus laterosporus UNISS 18, a Pathogen of Mosquitoes and Flies. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/21/e00419-17. [PMID: 28546496 PMCID: PMC5477409 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00419-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic properties of Brevibacillus laterosporus UNISS 18 against insects are well documented. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of this strain, which revealed the presence of several insecticide action-related genes. The deriving genetic information will help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying strain specificity and virulence against diverse target pests.
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12
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Marche MG, Mura ME, Falchi G, Ruiu L. Spore surface proteins of Brevibacillus laterosporus are involved in insect pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43805. [PMID: 28256631 PMCID: PMC5335551 DOI: 10.1038/srep43805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer spore envelope proteins of pathogenic bacteria often present specific virulence factors and tools to evade the defence system of their hosts. Brevibacillus laterosporus, a pathogen of invertebrates and an antimicrobial-producing species, is characterised by a unique spore coat and canoe-shaped parasporal body (SC-CSPB) complex surrounding the core spore. In the present study, we identified and characterised major proteins of the SC-CSPB complex of B. laterosporus, and we investigated their entomopathogenic role. Employing a proteomic approach and a B. laterosporus-house fly study model, we found four highly conserved proteins (ExsC, CHRD, CpbA and CpbB) that function as insect virulence factors. CpbA was associated with a significantly higher mortality of flies and greater relative gene expression levels during sporulation, compared to the other SC-CSPB proteins. Taken together, we suggest that spore surface proteins are a part of a complex set of toxins and virulence factors that B. laterosporus employs in its pathogenicity against flies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Elena Mura
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Falchi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Luca Ruiu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
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13
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Li G, Xu J, Wu L, Ren D, Ye W, Dong G, Zhu L, Zeng D, Guo L. Full genome sequence of Brevibacillus laterosporus strain B9, a biological control strain isolated from Zhejiang, China. J Biotechnol 2015; 207:77-8. [PMID: 26022423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus laterosporus was newly classified from Bacillus laterosporus, which has ability to be used as a biological control agent in crop field. B. laterosporus strain B9 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod that was isolated from a field of Oryza sativa in Zhejiang, China in 2011. This bacterium has been confirmed to be a strong antagonist against bacterial brown strip of rice caused by Acidovorex avenae subsp. avenae. Here we describe the features of B. laterosporus strain B9, together with the complete genome sequence and its annotation. The 5,272,435bp genome contains 4804 protein-coding genes and 227 RNA-only encoding genes with 2 plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengmi Li
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Key Laboratory of High Humidity Medicine PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Weijun Ye
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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14
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Insect Pathogenic Bacteria in Integrated Pest Management. INSECTS 2015; 6:352-67. [PMID: 26463190 PMCID: PMC4553484 DOI: 10.3390/insects6020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community working in the field of insect pathology is experiencing an increasing academic and industrial interest in the discovery and development of new bioinsecticides as environmentally friendly pest control tools to be integrated, in combination or rotation, with chemicals in pest management programs. In this scientific context, market data report a significant growth of the biopesticide segment. Acquisition of new technologies by multinational Ag-tech companies is the center of the present industrial environment. This trend is in line with the requirements of new regulations on Integrated Pest Management. After a few decades of research on microbial pest management dominated by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), novel bacterial species with innovative modes of action are being discovered and developed into new products. Significant cases include the entomopathogenic nematode symbionts Photorhabdus spp. and Xenorhabdus spp., Serratia species, Yersinia entomophaga, Pseudomonas entomophila, and the recently discovered Betaproteobacteria species Burkholderia spp. and Chromobacterium spp. Lastly, Actinobacteria species like Streptomyces spp. and Saccharopolyspora spp. have gained high commercial interest for the production of a variety of metabolites acting as potent insecticides. With the aim to give a timely picture of the cutting-edge advancements in this renewed research field, different representative cases are reported and discussed.
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15
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Genomic analysis of Brevibacillus thermoruber 423 reveals its biotechnological and industrial potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2277-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Zhang A, Zhang T, Hall EA, Hutchinson S, Cryle MJ, Wong LL, Zhou W, Bell SG. The crystal structure of the versatile cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:869-81. [PMID: 25587700 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the versatile CYP109B1 enzyme from Bacillus subtilis has been solved at 1.8 Å resolution. This is the first structure of an enzyme from this CYP family, whose members are prevalent across diverse species of bacteria. In the crystal structure the enzyme has an open conformation with an access channel leading from the heme to the surface. The substrate-free structure reveals the location of the key residues in the active site that are responsible for binding the substrate in the correct orientation for regioselective oxidation. Importantly, there are significant differences among these residues in members of the CYP109 and closely related CYP106 families and these likely account for the variations in substrate binding and oxidation profiles observed with these enzymes. A whole-cell oxidation biosystem was developed, which contains CYP109B1 and a phthalate family oxygenase reductase (PFOR), from Pseudomonas putida KT24440, as the electron transfer partner. This electron transfer system is able to support CYP109B1 activity resulting in the regioselective hydroxylation of both α- and β-ionone in vivo and in vitro. The PFOR is therefore a versatile electron transfer partner that is able to support the activity of CYP enzymes from other bacterium. The crystal structure of CYP109B1 has a positively charged proximal face and this explains why it can interact with PFOR and adrenodoxin which are predominantly negatively charged around their [2Fe-2S] clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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17
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Panda AK, Bisht SS, DeMondal S, Senthil Kumar N, Gurusubramanian G, Panigrahi AK. Brevibacillus as a biological tool: a short review. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:623-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Draft Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus panacihumi Strain W25, a Halotolerant Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e01215-13. [PMID: 24459276 PMCID: PMC3900908 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01215-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus panacihumi strain W25 was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated saline soil. Here, we report the 5.5-Mb draft genome sequence of this strain, which may provide insights into the mechanism of microbial hydrocarbon degradation in saline environments.
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Abstract
Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) and Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins (CDC) form the MACPF/CDC superfamily of important effector proteins widespread in nature. MACPFs and CDCs were discovered separately with no sequence similarity at that stage being apparent between the two protein families such that they were not, until recently, considered evolutionary related. The breakthrough showing they are came with recent structural work that also shed light on the molecular mechanism of action of various MACPF proteins. Similarity in structural properties and conserved functional features indicate that both protein families have the same evolutionary origin. We will describe the distribution of MACPF/CDC proteins in nature and discuss briefly their similarity and functional role in different biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Anderluh
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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Ruiu L. Brevibacillus laterosporus, a Pathogen of Invertebrates and a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Species. INSECTS 2013; 4:476-92. [PMID: 26462431 PMCID: PMC4553477 DOI: 10.3390/insects4030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus laterosporus, a bacterium characterized by the production of a unique canoe-shaped lamellar body attached to one side of the spore, is a natural inhabitant of water, soil and insects. Its biopesticidal potential has been reported against insects in different orders including Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and against nematodes and mollusks. In addition to its pathogenicity against invertebrates, different B. laterosporus strains show a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity including activity against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. A wide variety of molecules, including proteins and antibiotics, have been associated with the observed pathogenicity and mode of action. Before being considered as a biological control agent against plant pathogens, the antifungal and antibacterial properties of certain B. laterosporus strains have found medical interest, associated with the production of antibiotics with therapeutic effects. The recent whole genome sequencing of this species revealed its potential to produce polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, and toxins. Another field of growing interest is the use of this bacterium for bioremediation of contaminated sites by exploiting its biodegradation properties. The aim of the present review is to gather and discuss all recent findings on this emerging entomopathogen, giving a wider picture of its complex and broad-spectrum biocontrol activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ruiu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Garrido-Bailón E, Higes M, Martínez-Salvador A, Antúnez K, Botías C, Meana A, Prieto L, Martín-Hernández R. The prevalence of the honeybee brood pathogens Ascosphaera apis, Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius in Spanish apiaries determined with a new multiplex PCR assay. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 6:731-9. [PMID: 23919248 PMCID: PMC3815939 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms Ascosphaera apis, Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius are the three most important pathogens that affect honeybee brood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of these pathogens in honeybee colonies and to elucidate their role in the honeybee colony losses in Spain. In order to get it, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to simultaneously amplify the16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene of P. larvae and M. plutonius, and the 5.8S rRNA gene of A. apis. The multiplex PCR assay provides a quick and specific tool that successfully detected the three infectious pathogens (P. larvae, M. plutonius and A. apis) in brood and adult honeybee samples without the need for microbiological culture. This technique was then used to evaluate the prevalence of these pathogens in Spanish honeybee colonies in 2006 and 2007, revealing our results a low prevalence of these pathogens in most of the geographic areas studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarna Garrido-Bailón
- Bee Pathology Laboratory, Centro Apícola Regional (CAR), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha, 19180, Marchamalo, Spain
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Prasanna L, Eijsink VGH, Meadow R, Gåseidnes S. A novel strain of Brevibacillus laterosporus produces chitinases that contribute to its biocontrol potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1601-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
We report the 5.18-Mb genome sequence of Brevibacillus laterosporus strain GI-9, isolated from a subsurface soil sample during a screen for novel strains producing antimicrobial compounds. The draft genome of this strain will aid in biotechnological exploitation and comparative genomics of Brevibacillus laterosporus strains.
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Identification, purification and characterization of laterosporulin, a novel bacteriocin produced by Brevibacillus sp. strain GI-9. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31498. [PMID: 22403615 PMCID: PMC3293901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria as a defense mechanism in complex environments. Identification and characterization of novel bacteriocins in novel strains of bacteria is one of the important fields in bacteriology. Methodology/Findings The strain GI-9 was identified as Brevibacillus sp. by 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacteriocin produced by strain GI-9, namely, laterosporulin was purified from supernatant of the culture grown under optimal conditions using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The bacteriocin was active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MALDI-TOF experiments determined the precise molecular mass of the peptide to be of 5.6 kDa and N-terminal sequencing of the thermo-stable peptide revealed low similarity with existing antimicrobial peptides. The putative open reading frame (ORF) encoding laterosporulin and its surrounding genomic region was fished out from the draft genome sequence of GI-9. Sequence analysis of the putative bacteriocin gene did not show significant similarity to any reported bacteriocin producing genes in database. Conclusions We have identified a bacteriocin producing strain GI-9, belonging to the genus Brevibacillus sp. Biochemical and genomic characterization of laterosporulin suggests it as a novel bacteriocin with broad spectrum antibacterial activity.
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Nelson OW, Garrity GM. Genome sequences of Bacteria and Archaea published outside of Standards in Genomic Sciences, June – September 2011. Stand Genomic Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4056/sigs.2324675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oranmiyan W. Nelson
- 1Editorial Office, Standards in Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - George M. Garrity
- 1Editorial Office, Standards in Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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