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Sherry A, Dell’Agnese BM, Scott J. Biohybrids: Textile fibres provide scaffolds and highways for microbial translocation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1188965. [PMID: 37383521 PMCID: PMC10293675 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Living materials (biohybrids, textile-microbial hybrids, hybrid living materials) have gained much attention in recent years with enormous potential for applications in biomedical science, the built environment, construction and architecture, drug delivery and as environmental biosensors. Living materials contain matrices which incorporate microorganisms or biomolecules as the bioactive components. A cross-disciplinary approach, operating at the intersection of creative practice and scientific research, incorporated textile technology and microbiology to demonstrate textile fibres providing microbial scaffolds and highways during this study. Methods: The study evolved from previous research which showed bacteria utilising the water layer surrounding fungal mycelium for motility, termed the 'fungal highway', which led to the investigation of the directional dispersal of microbes across a range of fibre types (natural and synthetic). The application of the study centred around the potential for biohybrids to be used as a biotechnology to improve oil bioremediation through seeding of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes into polluted environments via fungal or fibre highways, therefore treatments in the presence of crude oil were tested. Furthermore, from a design perspective, textiles have huge potential to act as a conduit for water and nutrients, essential to sustain microorganisms within living materials. Using the moisture absorption properties of natural fibres, the research explored how to engineer variable liquid absorption rates using cellulosics and wool to produce shape-changing knitted fabrics suitable for adaptation to oil spill capture. Results: At a cellular scale, confocal microscopy provided evidence to show that bacteria were able to utilise a water layer surrounding the fibres, supporting the hypothesis that fibres can aid bacterial translocation through their use as 'fibre highways'. A motile bacterial culture, Pseudomonas putida, was shown to translocate around a liquid layer surrounding polyester, nylon, and linen fibres, yet no evidence of translocation was apparent on silk or wool fibres, suggesting microbes elicit different responses to specific fibre types. Findings showed that translocation activity around highways did not diminish in the presence of crude oil, known to contain an abundance of toxic compounds, in comparison to oil-free controls. A design series demonstrated the growth of fungal mycelium (Pleurotus ostreatus) through knitted structures, highlighting the ability for natural fabrics to provide a scaffold to support microbial communities whilst retaining the ability to undergo environmentally responsive shape-change. A final prototype, Ebb&Flow, demonstrated the potential to scale up the responsive capacities of the material system using locally produced UK wool. The prototype conceptualised both the uptake of a hydrocarbon pollutant by fibres, and the translocation of microbes along fibre highways. Discussion: The research works towards facilitating the translation of fundamental science and design into biotechnological solutions that can be used in real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sherry
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Martins Dell’Agnese
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Scott
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, School of Architecture Planning and Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Longo LVG, Nakayasu ES, Gazos-Lopes F, Vallejo MC, Matsuo AL, Almeida IC, Puccia R. Characterization of cell wall lipids from the pathogenic phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cultivated in the presence or absence of human plasma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63372. [PMID: 23691038 PMCID: PMC3656940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal cell wall is a complex and dynamic outer structure. In pathogenic fungi its components interact with the host, determining the infection fate. The present work aimed to characterize cell wall lipids from P. brasiliensis grown in the presence and absence of human plasma. We compared the results from isolates Pb3 and Pb18, which represent different phylogenetic species that evoke distinct patterns of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We comparatively characterized cell wall phospholipids, fatty acids, sterols, and neutral glycolipids by using both electrospray ionization- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of lipids extracted with organic solvents followed by fractionation in silica-gel-60. We detected 49 phospholipid species in Pb3 and 38 in Pb18, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid. In both Pb3 and Pb18, PC and PE had the most numerous species. Among the fatty acids, C18:1 and C18:2 were the most abundant species in both isolates, although C18:2 was more abundant in Pb18. There was a different effect of plasma supplementation on fatty acids depending on the fungal isolate. The prevalent glycolipid species was Hex-C18:0-OH/d19:2-Cer, although other four minor species were also detected. The most abundant sterol in all samples was brassicasterol. Distinct profiles of cell wall and total yeast sterols suggested that the preparations were enriched for cell wall components. The presence of plasma in the culture medium specially increased cell wall brassicasterol abundance and also other lipids. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We here report an original comparative lipidomic analysis of P. brasiliensis cell wall. Our results open doors to understanding the role of cell wall lipids in fungal biology, and interaction with anti-fungal drugs and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V. G. Longo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Felipe Gazos-Lopes
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Milene C. Vallejo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L. Matsuo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rosana Puccia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vallejo MC, Nakayasu ES, Longo LVG, Ganiko L, Lopes FG, Matsuo AL, Almeida IC, Puccia R. Lipidomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from the pathogenic phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39463. [PMID: 22745761 PMCID: PMC3382159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal extracellular vesicles are able to cross the cell wall and transport molecules that help in nutrient acquisition, cell defense, and modulation of the host defense machinery. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we present a detailed lipidomic analysis of extracellular vesicles released by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis at the yeast pathogenic phase. We compared data of two representative isolates, Pb3 and Pb18, which have distinct virulence profiles and phylogenetic background. Vesicle lipids were fractionated into different classes and analyzed by either electrospray ionization- or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found two species of monohexosylceramide and 33 phospholipid species, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Among the phospholipid-bound fatty acids in extracellular vesicles, C181 predominated in Pb3, whereas C18:2 prevailed in Pb18. The prevalent sterol in Pb3 and Pb18 vesicles was brassicasterol, followed by ergosterol and lanosterol. Inter-isolate differences in sterol composition were observed, and also between extracellular vesicles and whole cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The extensive lipidomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from two P. brasiliensis isolates will help to understand the composition of these fungal components/organelles and will hopefully be useful to study their biogenesis and role in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene C. Vallejo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larissa V. G. Longo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Ganiko
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Felipe G. Lopes
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alisson L. Matsuo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rosana Puccia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kumar AK, Vatsyayan P, Goswami P. Production of Lipid and Fatty Acids during Growth of Aspergillus terreus on Hydrocarbon Substrates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1293-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mechanisms and occurrence of microbial oxidation of long-chain alkanes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-10464-x_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Xian M, Yan J, Kang Y, Liu J, Bi Y, Zhen K. Production of gamma-linolenic acid by Mortierella isabellina grown on hexadecanol. Lett Appl Microbiol 2001; 33:367-70. [PMID: 11696098 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To optimize the production of linolenic acid by Mortierella isabellina grown on hexadecanol. METHODS AND RESULTS Effects of culture conditions such as culture time, pH of medium, hexadecanol concentration, incubation temperature and ageing of mycelia on production of linolenic acid were studied. The production of gamma-linolenic acid reached 2.44 mg ml-1 (271 mg g-1 dry cells) when Mortierella isabellina was cultivated in a medium consisting of 2% hexadecanol and 1% yeast extract at 23 degrees C for 120 h and then the mycelia, after removal of medium by suction filtration, were allowed to stand for a further 15 d at 5 degrees C. CONCLUSION Ageing of mycelia and incubation temperature showed predominant effects on the increased linolenic acid production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study highlights effective conditions for increasing linolenic acid production by Mortierella isabellina grown on hexadecanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Road 119#, Changchun 130023, China.
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Radwan SS, Sorkhoh NA. Lipids of n-Alkane-Utilizing Microorganisms and Their Application Potential. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shimizu S, Jareonkitmongkol S, Kawashima H, Akimoto K, Yamada H. Production of a novel ω1-eicosapentaenoic acid by Mortierella alpina 1S-4 grown on 1-hexadecene. Arch Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00249109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The fatty acid compositions of two filamentous fungi (Cunninghamella elegans and Penicillium zonatum) and a yeast (Candida lipolytica) were determined after the organisms were grown on 1-chlorohexadecane or 1-chlorooctadecane. These organisms utilized the chlorinated alkanes as sole sources of carbon and energy. Analyses of the fatty acids present after growth on the chlorinated alkanes indicated that 60 to 70% of the total fatty acids in C. elegans were chlorinated. Approximately 50% of the fatty acids in C. lipolytica were also chlorinated. P. zonatum contained 20% 1-chlorohexadecanoic acid after growth on either substrate but did not incorporate C18 chlorinated fatty acids.
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Murphy GL, Perry JJ. Incorporation of chlorinated alkanes into fatty acids of hydrocarbon-utilizing mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 1983; 156:1158-64. [PMID: 6643390 PMCID: PMC217962 DOI: 10.1128/jb.156.3.1158-1164.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular fatty acid composition of Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 and Mycobacterium convolutum R22 was examined after growth on n-alkanes and compared with the fatty acids of the organisms after growth on 1-chlorohexadecane and 1-chlorooctadecane. Growth on n-alkanes resulted in normal fatty acid profiles. Mass spectral analyses indicated that, after growth on the terminally chlorinated n-alkanes, 75 to 86% of the fatty acids in M. convolutum and ca. 55% of the fatty acids in M. vaccae contained chlorine. Neither organism could utilize chloroacetate or 3-chloropropionate as sole source of carbon and energy. When these compounds were added to a growth medium with n-hexadecane as substrate, there was no evidence that chlorinated fatty acids were produced. Terminally chlorinated n-alkanes can be added to the list of n-alkanes, alkenes, and cyclohexylalkane derivatives that can be directly incorporated into cellular fatty acids of hydrocarbon-utilizing organisms.
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Omar SH, Rehm HJ. Physiology and metabolism of two alkane oxidizing and citric acid producing strains of Candida parapsilosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00514077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Production of arachidonic acid by a hydrocarbon-utilizing strain of Penicillium cyaneum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00505023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Merkel GJ, Perry JJ. Effect of growth substrate on thermal death of thermophilic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1977; 34:626-9. [PMID: 596868 PMCID: PMC242721 DOI: 10.1128/aem.34.6.626-629.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat sensitivity of gram-negative, hydrocarbon-utilizing thermophilic bacteria was altered by a change in growth substrate. Thermophilic strains CC-6, BI-1, and LEH-1, grown with acetate or n-heptadecane as the carbon source, had a higher survival rate when incubated 5 degrees C above their maximum growth temperature than cells of the same organism after growth on glucose or glycerol. There was a correlation between the growth substrated, heat resistance, and the ratios of cellular n-hexadecanoic acid/branched hexadecanoic acid and n-heptadecanoic acid/branched heptadecanoic acid. The bacterial cells that were more heat resistant had ratios of straight-chain/branched-chain fatty acids above 1.0, whereas the heat-sensitive cells had ratios below 0.6.
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Abstract
Cunninghamella elegans grown on Sabouraud dextrose broth in the presence of naphthalene produced six metabolites. Each product was isolated and identified by conventional chemical techniques. The major metabolites were 1-naphthol (67.9%) and 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone (16.7%). Minor products isolated were 1,4-naphthoquinone (2.8%), 1,2-naphthoquinone (0.2%), 2-naphthol (6.3%), and trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (5.3%). C. elegans oxidized both 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone to 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone. The results suggest that C. elegans oxidizes naphthalene by a sequence of reactions similar to those reported for the mammalian metabolism of this hydrocarbon.
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Siporin C, Cooney JJ. Extracellular lipids of Cladosporium (Amorphotheca) resinae grown on glucose or on n-alkanes. Appl Microbiol 1975; 29:604-9. [PMID: 238469 PMCID: PMC187044 DOI: 10.1128/am.29.5.604-609.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cladosporium (Amorphotheca) resinae was grown in shake culture on glucose, n-dodecane, or n-hexadecane. Growth was most rapid on glucose, and more acid accumulated in the medium than in n-alkane-grown cultures. Neutral lipid was the major lipid fraction and triglycerides were the only extracellular neutral lipids detected. Dodecanoic (lauir) acid was the predominant fatty acid (greater than 60%) in neutral lipids from all three media, with lesser amounts of tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids. Extracellular phospholipids identified were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin or a cardiolipin-like compound. Phospholipids from all three media contained dodecanoic acid as their principle fatty acid. Dodecanoic acid was the only extracellular free fatty acid detected. Glucose medium contained acetic, glyoxylic, and glycolic acids and an unidentified organic acid which may contribute to the lower pH in cultures after growth on glucose. In all classes of extracellular lipids the fatty acids do not correspond to the fatty acids previously determined to be associated with cellular lipids. Moreover, the fatty acids of extracellular lipids do not reflect the chain length of the n-alkane growth substrate.
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