1
|
Böttger LH, Miller EP, Andresen C, Matzanke BF, Küpper FC, Carrano CJ. Atypical iron storage in marine brown algae: a multidisciplinary study of iron transport and storage in Ectocarpus siliculosus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5763-72. [PMID: 22945940 PMCID: PMC3467295 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all living organisms due to its ubiquitous role in redox and other enzymes, especially in the context of respiration and photosynthesis. The iron uptake and storage systems of terrestrial/higher plants are now reasonably well understood, with two basic strategies for iron uptake being distinguished: strategy I plants use a mechanism involving induction of Fe(III)-chelate reductase (ferrireductase) and Fe(II) transporter proteins, while strategy II plants utilize high-affinity, iron-specific, binding compounds called phytosiderophores. In contrast, little is known about the corresponding systems in marine, plant-like lineages, particularly those of multicellular algae (seaweeds). Herein the first study of the iron uptake and storage mechanisms in the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus is reported. Genomic data suggest that Ectocarpus may use a strategy I approach. Short-term radio-iron uptake studies verified that iron is taken up by Ectocarpus in a time- and concentration-dependent manner consistent with an active transport process. Upon long-term exposure to (57)Fe, two metabolites have been identified using a combination of Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. These include an iron-sulphur cluster accounting for ~26% of the total intracellular iron pool and a second component with spectra typical of a polymeric (Fe(3+)O(6)) system with parameters similar to the amorphous phosphorus-rich mineral core of bacterial and plant ferritins. This iron metabolite accounts for ~74% of the cellular iron pool and suggests that Ectocarpus contains a non-ferritin but mineral-based iron storage pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H. Böttger
- Section of Natural Sciences, Isotopes Laboratory, University of
Lübeck,Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck,Germany
| | - Eric P. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State
University,San Diego, CA 92182-1030,USA
| | - Christian Andresen
- Section of Natural Sciences, Isotopes Laboratory, University of
Lübeck,Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck,Germany
| | - Berthold F. Matzanke
- Section of Natural Sciences, Isotopes Laboratory, University of
Lübeck,Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck,Germany
| | - Frithjof C. Küpper
- Microbial and Molecular Biology Department, Scottish Association for Marine
Science, Scottish Marine Institute,Oban, Scotland,UK
| | - Carl J. Carrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State
University,San Diego, CA 92182-1030,USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miao R, Martinho M, Morales JG, Kim H, Ellis EA, Lill R, Hendrich MP, Münck E, Lindahl PA. EPR and Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Intact Mitochondria Isolated from Yah1p-Depleted Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9888-99. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801047q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Marlène Martinho
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Jessica Garber Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Hansoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - E. Ann Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Roland Lill
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Michael P. Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Eckard Münck
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Paul A. Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Madsen ML, Nettleton D, Thacker EL, Minion FC. Transcriptional profiling of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during iron depletion using microarrays. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2006; 152:937-944. [PMID: 16549658 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of swine enzootic pneumonia and a major component of the porcine respiratory disease complex, continues to confound swine producers despite control programmes worldwide. The disease is chronic and self-limiting, but the host is subject to immunopathological changes that potentiate respiratory disease associated with other pathogens. The response of M. hyopneumoniae to environmental stress is of interest because of its relevance to virulence mechanisms in other bacterial pathogens. One of these stressors, iron deprivation, is a prominent feature of the host innate immune response, and most certainly impacts growth of mycoplasmas in vivo. To study this, microarray technology was applied to the transcriptome analysis of M. hyopneumoniae during iron deprivation. An array consisting of 632 of the 698 ORFs in the genome was used to compare the mRNA isolated from organisms grown under normal laboratory conditions with that from organisms subjected to iron deprivation with the chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl. This analysis identified 27 genes that were either up- or down-regulated in response to low-iron growth conditions (P<0.01), with an estimated false discovery rate below 10 %. These included genes encoding transport proteins, enzymes involved in energy metabolism, and components of the translation process. Ten of the 27 identified genes had no assigned function. These studies indicate that M. hyopneumoniae can respond to changes in environmental conditions, but the mechanism employed remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Madsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dan Nettleton
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eileen L Thacker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - F Chris Minion
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glass JI, Lefkowitz EJ, Glass JS, Heiner CR, Chen EY, Cassell GH. The complete sequence of the mucosal pathogen Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nature 2000; 407:757-62. [PMID: 11048724 DOI: 10.1038/35037619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of the genomes of two very closely related human mucosal pathogens, Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, has helped define the essential functions of a self-replicating minimal cell, as well as what constitutes a mycoplasma. Here we report the complete sequence of a more distant phylogenetic relative of those bacteria, Ureaplasma urealyticum (parvum biovar), which is also a mucosal pathogen of humans. It is the third mycoplasma to be sequenced, and has the smallest sequenced prokaryotic genome except for M. genitalium. Although the U. urealyticum genome is similar to the two sequenced mycoplasma genomes, features make this organism unique among mycoplasmas and all bacteria. Almost all ATP synthesis is the result of urea hydrolysis, which generates an energy-producing electrochemical gradient. Some highly conserved eubacterial enzymes appear not to be encoded by U. urealyticum, including the cell-division protein FtsZ, chaperonins GroES and GroEL, and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase. U. urealyticum has six closely related iron transporters, which apparently arose through gene duplication, suggesting that it has a kind of respiration system not present in other small genome bacteria The genome is only 25.5% G+C in nucleotide content, and the G+C content of individual genes may predict how essential those genes are to ureaplasma survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J I Glass
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klebba PE, McIntosh MA, Neilands JB. Kinetics of biosynthesis of iron-regulated membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1982; 149:880-8. [PMID: 6174499 PMCID: PMC216474 DOI: 10.1128/jb.149.3.880-888.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using biological iron chelators to control specifically iron availability to Escherichia coli K-12 in conjunction with radioactive pulse-labels, we examined the biosynthesis of six iron-regulated membrane proteins. Iron deprivation induced the synthesis of five proteins, which had molecular weights of 83,000 (83K), 81K (Fep), 78K (TonA), 74K (Cir), and 25K. The kinetics of induction were the same in entA and entA(+) strains, but were affected by the initial iron availability in the media. Iron-poor cells induced rapidly (half-time, 10 min), whereas iron-rich cells began induction after a lag and showed a slower induction half-time (30 min). Within this general pattern of induction after iron deprivation, several different kinetic patterns were apparent. The 83K, 81K, and 74K proteins were coordinately controlled under all of the conditions examined. The 78K and 25K proteins were regulated differently. The synthesis of a previously unrecognized 90K inner membrane protein was inhibited by iron deprivation and stimulated by iron repletion. Both ferrichrome and ferric enterobactin completely repressed 81K and 74K synthesis when the siderophores were supplied at concentrations of 5 muM in vivo (half-time, 2.5 min). At concentrations less than 5 muM, however, both siderophores repressed synthesis only temporarily; the duration of repression was proportional to the amount of ferric siderophore added. The half-lives of the 81K and 74K mRNAs, as measured by rifampin treatment, were 1.2 and 1.6 min, respectively. The results of this study suggest that enteric bacteria are capable of instantaneously detecting and reacting to fluctuations in the extracellular iron concentration and that they store iron during periods of iron repletion for utilization during periods of iron stress. Neither iron storage nor iron regulation of envelope protein synthesis is dependent on the ability of the bacteria to form heme.
Collapse
|