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Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the fermentation quality, nutritive profile, in vitro fermentation, and microbial communities colonising sorghum ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture (chopped beans, carrot, and onion (1:1:1) ) including: (1)−100% sorghum; (2)−80% sorghum + 20% vegetable mix or (3)−60% sorghum + 40% vegetable mix, on a dry matter (DM) basis, with or without a probiotic inoculant. Samples were obtained across 0, 1, 3, 5,7, and 101 days ensiling and after 14 d aerobic exposure. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS1 region were sequenced to profile bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Compared to the 0% DM, ethanol increased (p < 0.01) from 8.42 to 20.4 ± 1.32 mM with 40% DM vegetable mix inclusion, while lactate decreased from 5.93 to 2.24 ± 0.26 mM. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that relative abundances of 12 bacterial taxa were influenced by silage treatments (log LDA score ≥ 4.02; p ≤ 0.03), while predicted functional pathways of alternative carbohydrate metabolism (hexitol, sulfoquinovose and glycerol degradation; N-acetyl glucosamine biosynthesis; log LDA score ≥ 2.04; p ≤ 0.02) were similarly enriched. This study indicated that carbohydrate metabolism by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria can increase the feed value of sorghum when ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture at 40%DM, without requiring a high quantity of lactate.
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Brownlie EJE, Chaharlangi D, Wong EOY, Kim D, Navarre WW. Acids produced by lactobacilli inhibit the growth of commensal Lachnospiraceae and S24-7 bacteria. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2046452. [PMID: 35266847 PMCID: PMC8920129 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2046452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lactobacillaceae are an intensively studied family of bacteria widely used in fermented food and probiotics, and many are native to the gut and vaginal microbiota of humans and other animals. Various studies have shown that specific Lactobacillaceae species produce metabolites that can inhibit the colonization of fungal and bacterial pathogens, but less is known about how Lactobacillaceae affect individual bacterial species in the endogenous animal microbiota. Here, we show that numerous Lactobacillaceae species inhibit the growth of the Lachnospiraceae family and the S24-7 group, two dominant clades of bacteria within the gut. We demonstrate that inhibitory activity is a property common to homofermentative Lactobacillaceae species, but not to species that use heterofermentative metabolism. We observe that homofermentative Lactobacillaceae species robustly acidify their environment, and that acidification alone is sufficient to inhibit growth of Lachnospiraceae and S24-7 growth, but not related species from the Clostridiales or Bacteroidales orders. This study represents one of the first in-depth explorations of the dynamic between Lactobacillaceae species and commensal intestinal bacteria, and contributes valuable insight toward deconvoluting their interactions within the gut microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. E. Brownlie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danica Chaharlangi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Oi-Yan Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Wiley Navarre
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,CONTACT William Wiley Navarre Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1600, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
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Fuhren J, Schwalbe M, Boekhorst J, Rösch C, Schols HA, Kleerebezem M. Dietary calcium phosphate strongly impacts gut microbiome changes elicited by inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides consumption. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:218. [PMID: 34732247 PMCID: PMC8567720 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are widely recognized prebiotics that profoundly affect the intestinal microbiota, including stimulation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and are reported to elicit several health benefits. The combination of dietary FOS and inulin with calcium phosphate was reported to stimulate commensal Lactobacillus populations and protect the host against pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae, but little is known about the effects of GOS in diets with a different level of calcium phosphate. METHODS We investigated the microbiome changes elicited by dietary supplementation with GOS or inulin using diets with high (100 mmol/kg) and low (30 mmol/kg) calcium phosphate levels in adult Wistar rats. Rats were acclimatized to the respective experimental diets for 14 days, after which fecal material was collected, DNA was extracted from fecal material, and the V3‑V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with PCR, followed by microbial composition analysis. In tandem, the organic acid profiles of the fecal material were analyzed. RESULTS Feeding rats non-supplemented (no prebiotic-added) diets revealed that diets rich in calcium phosphate favored members of the Firmicutes and increased fecal lactic, succinic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid levels. In contrast, relatively low dietary calcium phosphate levels promoted the abundance of mucin degrading genera like Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and resulted in increased fecal propionic acid levels and modest increases in lactic and butyric acid levels. Irrespective of the calcium phosphate levels, supplementation with GOS or inulin strongly stimulated Bifidobacterium, while only high calcium phosphate diets increased the endogenous Faecalibaculum populations. CONCLUSIONS Despite the prebiotic's substantial difference in chemical structure, sugar composition, oligomer size, and the microbial degradation pathway involved in their utilization, inulin and GOS modulated the gut microbiota very similarly, in a manner that strongly depended on the dietary calcium phosphate level. Therefore, our study implies that the collection of detailed diet information including micronutrient balance is necessary to correctly assess diet-driven microbiota analysis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jori Fuhren
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Schwalbe
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christiane Rösch
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Fortney NW, Hanson NJ, Rosa PRF, Donohue TJ, Noguera DR. Diverse Profile of Fermentation Byproducts From Thin Stillage. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695306. [PMID: 34336807 PMCID: PMC8320890 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The economy of biorefineries is influenced not only by biofuel production from carbohydrates but also by the production of valuable compounds from largely underutilized industrial residues. Currently, the demand for many chemicals that could be made in a biorefinery, such as succinic acid (SA), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and lactic acid (LA), is fulfilled using petroleum, palm oil, or pure carbohydrates as raw materials, respectively. Thin stillage (TS), the residual liquid material following distillation of ethanol, is an underutilized coproduct from the starch biofuel industry. This carbon-rich material has the potential for chemical upgrading by microorganisms. Here, we explored the formation of different fermentation products by microbial communities grown on TS using different bioreactor conditions. At the baseline operational condition (6-day retention time, pH 5.5, 35°C), we observed a mixture of MCFAs as the principal fermentation products. Operation of a bioreactor with a 1-day retention time induced an increase in SA production, and a temperature increase to 55°C resulted in the accumulation of lactic and propionic acids. In addition, a reactor operated with a 1-day retention time at 55°C conditions resulted in LA accumulation as the main fermentation product. The prominent members of the microbial community in each reactor were assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Under all operating conditions, members of the Lactobacillaceae family within Firmicutes and the Acetobacteraceae family within Proteobacteria were ubiquitous. Members of the Prevotellaceae family within Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae family within the Clostridiales order of Firmicutes were mostly abundant at 35°C and not abundant in the microbial communities of the TS reactors incubated at 55°C. The ability to adjust bioreactor operating conditions to select for microbial communities with different fermentation product profiles offers new strategies to explore and compare potentially valuable fermentation products from TS and allows industries the flexibility to adapt and switch chemical production based on market prices and demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Fortney
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Hanson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship Program, Department of Workforce Development, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paula R F Rosa
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Timothy J Donohue
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Seo HJ, Park AR, Kim S, Yeon J, Yu NH, Ha S, Chang JY, Park HW, Kim JC. Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematodes by Organic Acid-Producing Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069 Isolated from Kimchi. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:662-673. [PMID: 31832046 PMCID: PMC6901259 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2019.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide, and RKN control has been attempted mainly using chemical nematicides. However, these chemical nematicides have negative effects on humans and the environment, thus necessitating the search for eco-friendly alternative RKN control methods. Here, we screened nematicidal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi and evaluated their efficacy as biocontrol agents against RKNs. Of 237 bacterial strains, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069 showed the strongest nematicidal activity against the second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. hapla and inhibited the egg hatch of M. incognita. The culture filtrate of WiKim0069 had a pH of 4.2 and contained acetic acid (11,190 μg/ml), lactic acid (7,790 μg/ml), malic acid (470 μg/ml), and succinic acid (660 μg/ml). An artificial mixture of the four organic acids produced by WiKim0069 also induced 98% M. incognita J2 mortality at a concentration of 1.25%, indicating that its nematicidal activity was derived mainly from the four organic acids. Application of WiKim0069 culture filtrate suppressed the formation of galls and egg masses on tomato roots by M. incognita in a dose-dependent manner in a pot experiment. The fermentation broth of WiKim0069 also reduced gall formation on melon under field conditions, with a higher efficacy (62.8%) than that of fosthiazate (32.8%). This study is the first report to identify the effectiveness of kimchi LAB against RKNs and to demonstrate that the organic acids produced by LAB can be used for the RKN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Seo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Seulbi Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Jehyeong Yeon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ha
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Chang
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755,
Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
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Westbrook AW, Miscevic D, Kilpatrick S, Bruder MR, Moo-Young M, Chou CP. Strain engineering for microbial production of value-added chemicals and fuels from glycerol. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:538-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Suppuram P, Ramakrishnan GG, Subramanian R. An integrated process for the production of 1,3-propanediol, lactate and 3-hydroxypropionic acid by an engineered Lactobacillus reuteri. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:755-762. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1559720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The process economy of food grade 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) production by GRAS organisms like Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), is negatively impacted by the low yield and use of expensive feedstocks. In order to improve the process economy, we have developed a multiproduct process involving the production of three commercially important chemicals, namely, 1,3-PD, lactate and 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), by engineered L. reuteri. The maximum 1,3-PD and lactate titer of 41 g/L and 31 g/L, with a volumetric productivity of 1.69 g/L/h and 0.67 g/L/h were achieved, respectively. The maximum 3-HP titer of 5.2 g/L with a volumetric productivity of 1.3 g/L/h, was obtained by biotransformation using cells recovered from the repeated fed-batch process. The volumetric productivity of 1,3-PD obtained in this study is the highest ever reported for this organism. Further cost reduction can be achieved by using waste feedstocks like milk whey, biomass hydrolysate, and crude glycerol.
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Badertscher R, Freiburghaus C, Wechsler D, Irmler S. Validated method for the determination of propane-1,2-diol, butane-2,3-diol, and propane-1,3-diol in cheese and bacterial cultures using phenylboronic esterification and GC–MS. Food Chem 2017; 230:372-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Exploitation of grape marc as functional substrate for lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria growth and enhanced antioxidant activity. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Evaluation of the ability to metabolize 1,2-propanediol by heterofermentative bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lindlbauer KA, Marx H, Sauer M. Effect of carbon pulsing on the redox household of Lactobacillus diolivorans in order to enhance 1,3-propanediol production. N Biotechnol 2016; 34:32-39. [PMID: 27769866 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates potential limitations of 1,3-propanediol formation by Lactobacillus diolivorans. Particular focus is given to enhanced glycerol utilization as well as the elimination of by-product formation. The key aspect is a modulation of the redox household by process engineering through the application of carbon pulses. A shift in the product pattern of C3 products was achieved, improving the ratio of 1,3-propanediol versus 3-hydroxypropionic acid up to a level of 20:1. Moreover, in combination with alternative feeding strategies this ratio was enhanced up to 45:1 and the maximum observed productivity of 1,3-propanediol could be significantly increased to 1.7g/Lh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Anna Lindlbauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Martins-Pinheiro M, Lima WC, Asif H, Oller CA, Menck CFM. Evolutionary and Functional Relationships of the dha Regulon by Genomic Context Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150772. [PMID: 26938861 PMCID: PMC4777399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) are subproducts of glycerol degradation and of economical interest as they are used for polymers synthesis, such as polyesters and polyurethanes. Some few characterized bacterial species (mostly from Firmicutes and Gamma-proteobacteria groups) are able to catabolize these monomers from glycerol using the gene products from the dha regulon. To expand our knowledge and direct further experimental studies on the regulon and related genes for the anaerobic glycerol metabolism, an extensive genomic screening was performed to identify the presence of the dha genes in fully sequenced prokaryotic genomes. Interestingly, this work shows that although only few bacteria species are known to produce 3-HPA or 1,3-PD, the incomplete regulon is found in more than 100 prokaryotic genomes. However, the complete pathway is found only in a few dozen species belonging to five different taxonomic groups, including one Archaea species, Halalkalicoccus jeotgali. Phylogenetic analysis and conservation of both gene synteny and primary sequence similarity reinforce the idea that these genes have a common origin and were possibly acquired by lateral gene transfer (LGT). Besides the evolutionary aspect, the identification of homologs from several different organisms may predict potential alternative targets for faster or more efficient biological synthesis of 3-HPA or 1,3-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinalva Martins-Pinheiro
- Dept of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508–900, Brazil
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanessa C. Lima
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Huma Asif
- Dept of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508–900, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A. Oller
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos F. M. Menck
- Dept of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508–900, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Microbial Cell Factories for Diol Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 155:165-97. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jiang Y, Liu W, Zou H, Cheng T, Tian N, Xian M. Microbial production of short chain diols. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:165. [PMID: 25491899 PMCID: PMC4269916 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain diols (propanediols, butanediols, pentanediols) have been widely used in bulk and fine chemical industries as fuels, solvents, polymer monomers and pharmaceutical precursors. The chemical production of short chain diols from fossil resources has been developed and optimized for decades. Consideration of the exhausting fossil resources and the increasing environment issues, the bio-based process to produce short chain diols is attracting interests. Currently, a variety of biotechnologies have been developed for the microbial production of the short chain diols from renewable feed-stocks. In order to efficiently produce bio-diols, the techniques like metabolically engineering the production strains, optimization of the fermentation processes, and integration of a reasonable downstream recovery processes have been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we summarized the recent development in the whole process of bio-diols production including substrate, microorganism, metabolic pathway, fermentation process and downstream process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Huibin Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Ning Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Maervoet VET, De Maeseneire SL, Avci FG, Beauprez J, Soetaert WK, De Mey M. 1,3-propanediol production with Citrobacter werkmanii DSM17579: effect of a dhaD knock-out. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:70. [PMID: 24885849 PMCID: PMC4031495 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 1,3-propanediol (PDO) is a substantially industrial metabolite used in the polymer industry. Although several natural PDO production hosts exist, e.g. Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. and Clostridium sp., the PDO yield on glycerol is insufficient for an economically viable bio-process. Enhancing this yield via strain improvement can be achieved by disconnecting the production and growth pathways. In the case of PDO formation, this approach results in a microorganism metabolizing glycerol strictly for PDO production, while catabolizing a co-substrate for growth and maintenance. We applied this strategy to improve the PDO production with Citrobacter werkmanii DSM17579. Results Genetic tools were developed and used to create Citrobacter werkmanii DSM17579 ∆dhaD in which dhaD, encoding for glycerol dehydrogenase, was deleted. Since this strain was unable to grow on glycerol anaerobically, both pathways were disconnected. The knock-out strain was perturbed with 13 different co-substrates for growth and maintenance. Glucose was the most promising, although a competition between NADH-consuming enzymes and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase emerged. Conclusion Due to the deletion of dhaD in Citrobacter werkmanii DSM17579, the PDO production and growth pathway were split. As a consequence, the PDO yield on glycerol was improved 1,5 times, strengthening the idea that Citrobacter werkmanii DSM17579 could become an industrially interesting host for PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle E T Maervoet
- Centre of Expertise - Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ale CE, Farías ME, Strasser de Saad AM, Pasteris SE. Glycerol production by Oenococcus oeni during sequential and simultaneous cultures with wine yeast strains. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54 Suppl 1:S200-9. [PMID: 24752716 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Growth and fermentation patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kloeckera apiculata, and Oenococcus oeni strains cultured in grape juice medium were studied. In pure, sequential and simultaneous cultures, the strains reached the stationary growth phase between 2 and 3 days. Pure and mixed K. apiculata and S. cerevisiae cultures used mainly glucose, producing ethanol, organic acids, and 4.0 and 0.1 mM glycerol, respectively. In sequential cultures, O. oeni achieved about 1 log unit at 3 days using mainly fructose and L-malic acid. Highest sugars consumption was detected in K. apiculata supernatants, lactic acid being the major end-product. 8.0 mM glycerol was found in 6-day culture supernatants. In simultaneous cultures, total sugars and L-malic acid were used at 3 days and 98% of ethanol and glycerol were detected. This study represents the first report of the population dynamics and metabolic behavior of yeasts and O. oeni in sequential and simultaneous cultures and contributes to the selection of indigenous strains to design starter cultures for winemaking, also considering the inclusion of K. apiculata. The sequential inoculation of yeasts and O. oeni would enhance glycerol production, which confers desirable organoleptic characteristics to wines, while organic acids levels would not affect their sensory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Ale
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Biosynthesis of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol with Lactobacillus reuteri: effect of operating variables. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:188-94. [PMID: 24525111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is environmentally unfriendly and hence its microbial production is preferred, especially for biomedical, cosmetic and textile applications. In this work, production of 1,3-PD by co-fermentation of glucose and glycerol by Lactobacillus reuteri was investigated under different cultivation conditions such as aeration, acetate concentration and different molar ratios of glucose/glycerol. The final concentration of 1,3-PD and yield attained under unaerated conditions was close to that obtained under anaerobic conditions. Addition of acetate in the initial medium at 5 g/l increased the productivity of 1,3-PD but above this concentration it was found to be inhibitory. Batch reactor experiments showed that the molar ratio of glucose and glycerol in the medium affected the fermentation pattern. The effect of molar ratios was further investigated in fed-batch fermentation and the optimum ratio was found to be 1.5. In repeated fed-batch fermentation with co-feeding of glucose and glycerol in the molar ratio of 1.5, 1,3-PD concentration reached up to 65.3 g/l, which is the highest 1,3-PD concentration reported so far for this strain. The yield (0.97 mol/mol) based on glycerol utilized also approached the theoretical value (1 mol/mol).
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Pflügl S, Marx H, Mattanovich D, Sauer M. Heading for an economic industrial upgrading of crude glycerol from biodiesel production to 1,3-propanediol by Lactobacillus diolivorans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:499-504. [PMID: 24333679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus diolivorans was evaluated as a potential organism for production of 1,3-propanediol under industrially relevant conditions. Crude glycerol of different origins has been tested and showed no inhibitory effects on growth or production. Using crude glycerol from biodiesel production from palm oil 85 g/l 1,3-propanediol have been obtained with a productivity of 0.45 g/lh in a fed-batch cultivation. Sugar necessary for the formation of biomass was replaced with a hydrolysate from lignocellulosic material resulting in 75 g/l 1,3-propanediol and a productivity of 0.36 g/lh. Lignocellulosic hydrolysate contained the potential inhibitors furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at concentrations of 0.7 and 0.3 g/l, respectively. Addition of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to batch cultures in said concentrations did not show inhibitory effects on growth or 1,3-propanediol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pflügl
- School of Bioengineering, FH Campus Wien - University of Applied Sciences, Muthgasse 62, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Diethard Mattanovich
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - VIBT University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Lyberg K, Borling J, Lindberg J. Characterization and nutrient evaluation of wet and dried wheat distillers’ grain for growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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From physiology to systems metabolic engineering for the production of biochemicals by lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:764-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Johanningsmeier SD, McFeeters RF. Metabolism of lactic acid in fermented cucumbers by Lactobacillus buchneri and related species, potential spoilage organisms in reduced salt fermentations. Food Microbiol 2013; 35:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Malic enzyme and malolactic enzyme pathways are functionally linked but independently regulated in Lactobacillus casei BL23. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5509-18. [PMID: 23835171 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01177-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei is the only lactic acid bacterium in which two pathways for l-malate degradation have been described: the malolactic enzyme (MLE) and the malic enzyme (ME) pathways. Whereas the ME pathway enables L. casei to grow on l-malate, MLE does not support growth. The mle gene cluster consists of three genes encoding MLE (mleS), the putative l-malate transporter MleT, and the putative regulator MleR. The mae gene cluster consists of four genes encoding ME (maeE), the putative transporter MaeP, and the two-component system MaeKR. Since both pathways compete for the same substrate, we sought to determine whether they are coordinately regulated and their role in l-malate utilization as a carbon source. Transcriptional analyses revealed that the mle and mae genes are independently regulated and showed that MleR acts as an activator and requires internalization of l-malate to induce the expression of mle genes. Notwithstanding, both l-malate transporters were required for maximal l-malate uptake, although only an mleT mutation caused a growth defect on l-malate, indicating its crucial role in l-malate metabolism. However, inactivation of MLE resulted in higher growth rates and higher final optical densities on l-malate. The limited growth on l-malate of the wild-type strain was correlated to a rapid degradation of the available l-malate to l-lactate, which cannot be further metabolized. Taken together, our results indicate that L. casei l-malate metabolism is not optimized for utilization of l-malate as a carbon source but for deacidification of the medium by conversion of l-malate into l-lactate via MLE.
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Amin HM, Hashem AM, Ashour MS, Hatti-Kaul R. 1,2 Propanediol utilization by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016, role in bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3 propanediol, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and 3-hydroxypropionic acid. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Grahame DAS, Kang TS, Khan NH, Tanaka T. Alkaline conditions stimulate the production of 1,3-propanediol in Lactobacillus panis PM1 through shifting metabolic pathways. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1207-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rivaldi JD, Sousa Silva M, Duarte LC, Ferreira AEN, Cordeiro C, de Almeida Felipe MDG, de Ponces Freire A, de Mancilha IM. Metabolism of biodiesel-derived glycerol in probiotic Lactobacillus strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1735-43. [PMID: 23229571 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three probiotic Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, were tested for their ability to assimilate and metabolize glycerol. Biodiesel-derived glycerol was used as the main carbon and energy source in batch microaerobic growth. Here, we show that the tested strains were able to assimilate glycerol, consuming between 38 and 48 % in approximately 24 h. L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii showed a similar growth, higher than L. plantarum. The highest biomass reached was 2.11 g L⁻¹ for L. acidophilus, with a cell mass yield (Y (X/S)) of 0.37 g g⁻¹. L. delbrueckii and L. plantarum reached a biomass of 2.06 and 1.36 g L⁻¹. All strains catabolize glycerol mainly through glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30). For these lactobacillus species, kinetic parameters for glycerol kinase showed Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) ranging from 1.2 to 3.8 mM. The specific activities for glycerol kinase in these strains were in the range of 0.18 to 0.58 U mg protein⁻¹, with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 showing the maximum specific activity after 24 h of cultivation. Glycerol dehydrogenase activity was also detected in all strains studied but only for the reduction of glyceraldehyde with NADPH (K(m) for DL-glyceraldehyde ranging from 12.8 to 32.3 mM). This enzyme shows a very low oxidative activity with glycerol and NADP+ and, most likely, under physiological conditions, the oxidative reaction does not occur, supporting the assumption that the main metabolic flux concerning glycerol metabolism is through the glycerol kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Daniel Rivaldi
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
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Sekwati-Monang B, Valcheva R, Gänzle MG. Microbial ecology of sorghum sourdoughs: Effect of substrate supply and phenolic compounds on composition of fermentation microbiota. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 159:240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pflügl S, Marx H, Mattanovich D, Sauer M. 1,3-Propanediol production from glycerol with Lactobacillus diolivorans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:133-140. [PMID: 22728193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural producer Lactobacillus diolivorans as potential production organism of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol. Different cultivation parameters, such as oxygen supply, feeding-strategy, or medium composition have been tested in batch and fed-batch cultivations. The 1,3-propanediol concentration obtained in batch cultivations was 41.7 g/l. This could be increased to 73.7 g/l in a fed-batch co-feeding glucose and glycerol with a molar ratio of 0.1. Yeast extract as part of the MRS cultivation medium could be replaced by nicotinic acid and riboflavin. Furthermore, the addition of Vitamin B(12) to the culture medium increased production by 15% to a final titer of 84.5 g/l 1,3-propanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pflügl
- School of Bioengineering, FH Campus Wien - University of Applied Sciences, Muthgasse 62, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Johanningsmeier SD, Franco W, Perez-Diaz I, McFeeters RF. Influence of Sodium Chloride, pH, and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Anaerobic Lactic Acid Utilization during Fermented Cucumber Spoilage. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M397-404. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Development of a biofilm technology for the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from crude glycerol. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Metsoviti M, Paramithiotis S, Drosinos EH, Galiotou-Panayotou M, Nychas GJE, Zeng AP, Papanikolaou S. Screening of bacterial strains capable of converting biodiesel-derived raw glycerol into 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol and ethanol. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gungormusler M, Gonen C, Azbar N. Use of ceramic-based cell immobilization to produce 1,3-propanediol from biodiesel-derived waste glycerol with Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1138-47. [PMID: 21883732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The feasibility of the continuous production of a valuable bioplastic raw material, namely 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from biodiesel by-product glycerol, using immobilized cells was investigated. In addition, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was also analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS Ceramic balls and ceramic rings were used for the immobilization of a locally isolated strain; Klebsiella pneumoniae (GenBank no. 27F HM063413). HRT of 1 h is the best one in terms of volumetric production rate (g 1,3-PDO l(-1) h(-1)). The results indicated that ceramic-based cell immobilization achieved a 2-fold higher production rate (10 g 1,3-PDO l(-1) h(-1)) in comparison with suspended cell system (4·9 g 1,3-PDO l(-1) h(-1)). CONCLUSIONS Continuous cultures with immobilized cells revealed that 1,3-PDO production was more effective and more stable than suspended culture systems. Furthermore, cell immobilization had also obvious benefits especially for resistance of the production for extreme conditions (high organic loading rates, cell washouts). The results were important for understanding the significance of continuous immobilization process among other well-known 1,3-PDO fermentation processes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work is a promising process for further studies, as the immobilized micro-organism was able to reach high volumetric production rates at short HRT, it has an important role in tolerating and converting glycerol during fermentation. Therefore, HRT is a very significant operational parameter (P value <0·05) directly affecting the bioreactor performance and production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gungormusler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus buchneri NRRL B-30929, a novel strain from a commercial ethanol plant. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:4019-20. [PMID: 21622751 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05180-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 was a contaminant obtained from a commercial ethanol fermentation. This facultative anaerobe is unique because of its rapid growth on xylose and simultaneous fermentation of xylose and glucose. The strain utilizes a broad range of carbohydrate substrates and possesses a high tolerance to ethanol and other stresses, making it an attractive candidate for bioconversion of biomass substrates to various bioproducts. The genome sequence of NRRL B-30929 will provide insight into the unique properties of this lactic acid bacterium.
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Gungormusler M, Gonen C, Ozdemir G, Azbar N. 1,3-Propanediol production potential of Clostridium saccharobutylicum NRRL B-643. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:782-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim JH, Block DE, Mills DA. Simultaneous consumption of pentose and hexose sugars: an optimal microbial phenotype for efficient fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1077-85. [PMID: 20838789 PMCID: PMC2956055 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive carbon source for bio-based fuel and chemical production; however, its compositional heterogeneity hinders its commercial use. Since most microbes possess carbon catabolite repression (CCR), mixed sugars derived from the lignocellulose are consumed sequentially, reducing the efficacy of the overall process. To overcome this barrier, microbes that exhibit the simultaneous consumption of mixed sugars have been isolated and/or developed and evaluated for the lignocellulosic biomass utilization. Specific strains of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Zymomonas mobilis have been engineered for simultaneous glucose and xylose utilization via mutagenesis or introduction of a xylose metabolic pathway. Other microbes, such as Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Candida shehatae possess a relaxed CCR mechanism, showing simultaneous consumption of glucose and xylose. By exploiting CCR-negative phenotypes, various integrated processes have been developed that incorporate both enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and mixed sugar fermentation, thereby enabling greater productivity and fermentation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Han Kim
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - David E. Block
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - David A. Mills
- Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Veiga-Da-Cunha M, Firme P, Romão MV, Santos H. Application of C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Elucidate the Unexpected Biosynthesis of Erythritol by Leuconostoc oenos. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 58:2271-9. [PMID: 16348738 PMCID: PMC195767 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.7.2271-2279.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-abundance C nuclear magnetic resonance (C-NMR) revealed the production of erythritol and glycerol by nongrowing cells of Leuconostoc oenos metabolizing glucose. The ratio of erythritol to glycerol was strongly influenced by the aeration conditions of the medium. The elucidation of the metabolic pathway responsible for erythritol production was achieved by C-NMR and H-NMR spectroscopy using specifically C-labelled d-glucose. The H-NMR spectrum of the cell supernatant resulting from the metabolism of [2-C]glucose showed that only 75% of the glucose supplied was metabolized heterofermentatively and that the remaining 25% was channelled to the production of erythritol. The synthesis of this polyol resulted from the reduction of the C-4 moiety of the intermediate fructose 6-phosphate. Oxygen has an inhibitory effect on the production of erythritol by L. oenos. Preaeration of a suspension of nongrowing cells of L. oenos resulted in 30% less erythritol and in 70% more glycerol formed during the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. The anaerobic production of erythritol from glucose was also found in growing cultures of L. oenos, although to a smaller extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veiga-Da-Cunha
- Centro de Tecnologia Quimica e Biológica, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Apartado 127, 2780 Oeiras, Estação Nacional de Tecnologia dos Produtos Agrários, Lisbon, Estação Vitivinicola Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária, 2575 Runa, and Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2825 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
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Bauer R, Cowan DA, Crouch A. Acrolein in wine: importance of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and derivatives in production and detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3243-3250. [PMID: 20192219 DOI: 10.1021/jf9041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Certain lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have been implicated in the accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) during anaerobic glycerol fermentation. In aqueous solution 3-HPA undergoes reversible dimerization and hydration, resulting in an equilibrium state between different derivatives. Wine quality may be compromised by the presence of 3-HPA due to the potential for spontaneous conversion into acrolein under winemaking conditions. Acrolein is highly toxic and has been implicated in the development of bitterness in wine. Interconversion between 3-HPA derivatives and acrolein is a complex and highly dynamic process driven by hydration and dehydration reactions. Acrolein is furthermore highly reactive and its steady-state concentration in complex systems very low. As a result, analytical detection and quantification in solution is problematic. This paper reviews the biochemical and environmental conditions leading to accumulation of its precursor, 3-HPA. Recent advances in analytical detection are summarized, and the roles played by natural chemical derivatives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolene Bauer
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Saxena RK, Anand P, Saran S, Isar J, Agarwal L. Microbial production and applications of 1,2-propanediol. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:2-11. [PMID: 23100801 PMCID: PMC3450292 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Propanediol (propylene glycol) is an existing commodity chemical and can be produced from renewable resources using microbes. By virtue of being a natural product, relevant biochemical pathways can be harnessed into fermentation processes to produce 1,2-propanediol. In the present review, the chemical process and different biological strategies for the production of 1,2-propanediol are reviewed and compared with the potentials and limitations of all processes. For the successful commercial production of this diol, it is necessary to establish the metabolic pathways and production hosts (microorganisms), which are capable of delivering final product with high yields and volumetric productivity. Three pathways which have been recognized for 1,2-propanediol production are discussed here. In the first, de-oxy sugars like fucose and rhamnose are used as the carbon sources, while in the other route, the glycolytic intermediate-dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) is used to produce 1,2-propanediol via the formation of methylglyoxal. A new pathway of 1,2-propanediol production by lactic acid degradation under anoxic conditions and the enzymes involved is also discussed. The production of this diol has gained attention because of their newer applications in industries such as polymers, food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc. Furthermore, improvement in fermentation technology will permit its uses in other applications. Future prospect in the light of the current research and its potential as a major bulk chemical are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110 021 India
| | - Pinki Anand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110 021 India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110 021 India
| | - Jasmine Isar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110 021 India
| | - Lata Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110 021 India
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Jeyakanthan J, Thamotharan S, Panjikar S, Kitamura Y, Nakagawa N, Shinkai A, Kuramitsu S, Yokoyama S. Expression, purification and X-ray analysis of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (Aq_1145) from Aquifex aeolicus VF5. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:184-6. [PMID: 20124718 PMCID: PMC2815688 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1,3-propanediol to 3-hydroxypropanal with the simultaneous reduction of NADP(+) to NADPH. SeMet-labelled 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase protein from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus VF5 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Crystals of this protein were grown from an acidic buffer with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. Single-wavelength data were collected at the selenium peak to a resolution of 2.4 A. The crystal belonged to space group P3(2), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 142.19, c = 123.34 A. The structure contained two dimers in the asymmetric unit and was solved by the MR-SAD approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraman Jeyakanthan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
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Saxena R, Anand P, Saran S, Isar J. Microbial production of 1,3-propanediol: Recent developments and emerging opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:895-913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Novel metabolites from cereal-associated lactobacilli – Novel functionalities for cereal products? Food Microbiol 2009; 26:712-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Marco ML, Peters THF, Bongers RS, Molenaar D, van Hemert S, Sonnenburg JL, Gordon JI, Kleerebezem M. Lifestyle of Lactobacillus plantarum in the mouse caecum. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:2747-57. [PMID: 19638173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum is a common inhabitant of mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. Strains of L. plantarum are also marketed as probiotics intended to confer beneficial health effects upon delivery to the human gut. To understand how L. plantarum adapts to its gut habitat, we used whole genome transcriptional profiling to characterize the transcriptome of strain WCFS1 during colonization of the caeca of adult germ-free C57Bl/6 J mice fed a standard low-fat rodent chow diet rich in complex plant polysaccharides or a prototypic Western diet high in simple sugars and fat. Lactobacillus plantarum colonized the digestive tracts of these animals to high levels, although L. plantarum was found in 10-fold higher amounts in the caeca of mice fed the standard chow. Metabolic reconstructions based on the transcriptional data sets revealed that genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism form the principal functional group that is upregulated in vivo compared with exponential phase cells grown in three different culture media, and that a Western diet provides a more nutritionally restricted, growth limiting milieu for the microbe in the distal gut. A set of bacterial genes encoding cell surface-related functions were differentially regulated in both groups of mice. This set included downregulated genes required for the d-alanylation of lipoteichoic acids, extracellular structures of L. plantarum that mediate interactions with the host immune system. These results, obtained in a reductionist gnotobiotic mouse model of the gut ecosystem, provide insights about the niches (professions) of this lactic acid bacterium, and a context for systematically testing features that affect epithelial and immune cell responses to this organism in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Marco
- TI Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Pasteris SE, Strasser de Saad AM. Sugar-glycerol cofermentations by Lactobacillus hilgardii isolated from wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3853-3858. [PMID: 19323470 DOI: 10.1021/jf803781k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol catabolism was studied in Lactobacillus hilgardii X(1)B from wine, growing on glycerol and limiting glucose or fructose concentrations in anaerobiosis and microaerophilia. Glycerol consumption occurred simultaneously with sugar use, and it was higher with fructose as a cofermenting sugar in microaerophilia. Enzymatic activities of the glycerol kinase and glycerol dehydratase pathways were detected in both incubation conditions. In anaerobiosis, the main products were lactate, acetate, ethanol, and the intermediary product of the glycerol dehydratase pathway, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. However, in microaerophilia, 1,3-propanediol was also detected. In anaerobic glucose + glycerol and fructose + glycerol cultures as in microaerophilic glucose + glycerol cultures, glycerol was degraded mainly through the reductive pathway. However, when L. hilgardii X(1)B was grown on fructose + glycerol cultures in microaerophilia, glycerol dissimilation occurred mainly via the glycerol kinase way. According to these results, L. hilgardii X(1)B can degrade glycerol by producing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and acetic acid, both undesirable products for wine sensorial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Pasteris
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina.
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Kim JH, Shoemaker SP, Mills DA. Relaxed control of sugar utilization in Lactobacillus brevis. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:1351-1359. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.024653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prioritization of sugar consumption is a common theme in bacterial growth and a problem for complete utilization of five and six carbon sugars derived from lignocellulose. Growth studies show that Lactobacillus brevis simultaneously consumes numerous carbon sources and appears to lack normal hierarchical control of carbohydrate utilization. Analysis of several independent L. brevis isolates indicated that co-utilization of xylose and glucose is a common trait for this species. Moreover, carbohydrates that can be used as a single carbon source are simultaneously utilized with glucose. Analysis of the proteome of L. brevis cells grown on glucose, xylose or a glucose/xylose mixture revealed the constitutive expression of the enzymes of the heterofermentative pathway. In addition, fermentative mass balances between mixed sugar inputs and end-products indicated that both glucose and xylose are simultaneously metabolized through the heterofermentative pathway. Proteomic and mRNA analyses revealed that genes in the xyl operon were expressed in the cells grown on xylose or on glucose/xylose mixtures but not in those grown on glucose alone. However, the expression level of XylA and XylB proteins in cells grown on a glucose/xylose mixture was reduced 2.7-fold from that observed in cells grown solely on xylose. These results suggest that regulation of xylose utilization in L. brevis is not stringently controlled as seen in other lactic acid bacteria, where carbon catabolite repression operates to prioritize carbohydrate utilization more rigorously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Han Kim
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharon P. Shoemaker
- California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David A. Mills
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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1,3-Propanediol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae: decameric quaternary structure and possible subunit cooperativity. J Bacteriol 2008; 191:1143-51. [PMID: 19011020 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01077-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen frequently isolated from opportunistic infections, especially in clinical environments. In spite of its potential pathogenicity, this microorganism has several metabolic potentials that could be used in biotechnology applications. K. pneumoniae is able to metabolize glycerol as a sole source of carbon and energy. 1,3-Propanediol dehydrogenase is the core of the metabolic pathway for the use of glycerol. We have determined the crystallographic structure of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase, a type III Fe-NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, at 2.7-A resolution. The structure of the enzyme monomer is closely related to that of other alcohol dehydrogenases. The overall arrangement of the enzyme showed a decameric structure, formed by a pentamer of dimers, which is the catalytic form of the enzyme. Dimers are associated by strong ionic interactions that are responsible for the highly stable in vivo packing of the enzyme. Kinetic properties of the enzyme as determined in the article would suggest that this decameric arrangement is related to the cooperativity between monomers.
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Hüfner E, Britton RA, Roos S, Jonsson H, Hertel C. Global transcriptional response of Lactobacillus reuteri to the sourdough environment. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 31:323-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu S, Skinner-Nemec KA, Leathers TD. Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 converts a concentrated mixture of xylose and glucose into ethanol and other products. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 35:75-81. [PMID: 17940817 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 was isolated from a fuel ethanol production facility. This heterofermentative, facultative anaerobe can utilize xylose as a sole carbon source and tolerates up to 12% ethanol. Carbohydrate utilization (API, Biomerieux) and Phenotype Microarrays (PM, Biolog) analyses indicated that the strain is able to metabolize a broad spectrum of carbon sources including various monosaccharides (C5 and C6), disaccharides and oligosaccharides, with better rates under anaerobic conditions. In pH-controlled bioreactors, the bacterium consumed xylose and glucose simultaneously at high concentrations (125 g L(-1), pH 6.0). The major fermentation products were lactate (52 g L(-1)), acetate (26 g L(-1)) and ethanol (12 g L(-1)). The strain ferments glucose alone (pH 4.0) into lactate and ethanol with a molar ratio of 1.03:1. This strain will be further explored via genetic engineering for potential applications in biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Liu
- Bioproducts and Biocatalysis Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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48
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Stoichiometric analysis and experimental investigation of glycerol–glucose co-fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae under microaerobic conditions. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alvarez MDF, Medina R, Pasteris SE, Strasser de Saad AM, Sesma F. Glycerol metabolism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469: cloning and expression of two glycerol kinase genes. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 7:170-81. [PMID: 15383715 DOI: 10.1159/000079826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 was able to grow in glycerol as the sole source of energy in aerobic conditions, producing lactate, acetate, and diacetyl. A biphasic growth was observed in the presence of glucose. In this condition, glycerol consumption began after glucose was exhausted from the culture medium. Glycerol kinase activity was detected in L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469, a characteristic of microorganisms which catabolize glycerol in aerobic conditions. Genetic analysis revealed that this strain possesses two glycerol kinase genes: gykA and glpK, that encode for two different glycerol kinases GykA and GlpK, respectively. The glpK geneis associated in an operon with alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase (glpO) and glycerol facilitator (glpF) genes. Transcriptional analysis revealed that only glpK is expressed when L. rhamnosus was grown on glycerol.
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MESH Headings
- Acetates/metabolism
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Aerobiosis
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Diacetyl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Genes, Bacterial
- Glucose/analysis
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glycerol/metabolism
- Glycerol Kinase/genetics
- Glycerol Kinase/metabolism
- Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Lactobacillus/enzymology
- Lactobacillus/genetics
- Lactobacillus/growth & development
- Lactobacillus/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Operon
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Bacterial/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Vizoso Pinto M, Pasteris S, Strasser de Saad A. Glycerol catabolism by Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from beer. Food Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0740-0020(03)00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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