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Liu H, Luo Z, Rao Y. Manipulation of fungal cell wall integrity to improve production of fungal natural products. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 125:49-78. [PMID: 38783724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fungi, as an important industrial microorganism, play an essential role in the production of natural products (NPs) due to their advantages of utilizing cheap raw materials as substrates and strong protein secretion ability. Although many metabolic engineering strategies have been adopted to enhance the biosynthetic pathway of NPs in fungi, the fungal cell wall as a natural barrier tissue is the final and key step that affects the efficiency of NPs synthesis. To date, many important progresses have been achieved in improving the synthesis of NPs by regulating the cell wall structure of fungi. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss various strategies for modifying the cell wall structure of fungi to improve the synthesis of NPs. At first, the cell wall structure of different types of fungi is systematically described. Then, strategies to disrupt cell wall integrity (CWI) by regulating the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and binding proteins are summarized, which have been applied to improve the synthesis of NPs. In addition, we also summarize the studies on the regulation of CWI-related signaling pathway and the addition of exogenous components for regulating CWI to improve the synthesis of NPs. Finally, we propose the current challenges and essential strategies to usher in an era of more extensive manipulation of fungal CWI to improve the production of fungal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins II: Intercellular Transfer of Matter (Inheritance?) That Matters. Biomolecules 2023; 13:994. [PMID: 37371574 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) bilayer by covalent linkage to a typical glycolipid and expressed in all eukaryotic organisms so far studied. Lipolytic release from PMs into extracellular compartments and intercellular transfer are regarded as the main (patho)physiological roles exerted by GPI-APs. The intercellular transfer of GPI-APs relies on the complete GPI anchor and is mediated by extracellular vesicles such as microvesicles and exosomes and lipid-free homo- or heteromeric aggregates, and lipoprotein-like particles such as prostasomes and surfactant-like particles, or lipid-containing micelle-like complexes. In mammalian organisms, non-vesicular transfer is controlled by the distance between donor and acceptor cells/tissues; intrinsic conditions such as age, metabolic state, and stress; extrinsic factors such as GPI-binding proteins; hormones such as insulin; and drugs such as anti-diabetic sulfonylureas. It proceeds either "directly" upon close neighborhood or contact of donor and acceptor cells or "indirectly" as a consequence of the induced lipolytic release of GPI-APs from PMs. Those displace from the serum GPI-binding proteins GPI-APs, which have retained the complete anchor, and become assembled in aggregates or micelle-like complexes. Importantly, intercellular transfer of GPI-APs has been shown to induce specific phenotypes such as stimulation of lipid and glycogen synthesis, in cultured human adipocytes, blood cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. As a consequence, intercellular transfer of GPI-APs should be regarded as non-genetic inheritance of (acquired) features between somatic cells which is based on the biogenesis and transmission of matter such as GPI-APs and "membrane landscapes", rather than the replication and transmission of information such as DNA. Its operation in mammalian organisms remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins I: Localization at Plasma Membranes and Extracellular Compartments. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050855. [PMID: 37238725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage to a highly conserved glycolipid rather than a transmembrane domain. Since their first description, experimental data have been accumulating for the capability of GPI-APs to be released from PMs into the surrounding milieu. It became evident that this release results in distinct arrangements of GPI-APs which are compatible with the aqueous milieu upon loss of their GPI anchor by (proteolytic or lipolytic) cleavage or in the course of shielding of the full-length GPI anchor by incorporation into extracellular vesicles, lipoprotein-like particles and (lyso)phospholipid- and cholesterol-harboring micelle-like complexes or by association with GPI-binding proteins or/and other full-length GPI-APs. In mammalian organisms, the (patho)physiological roles of the released GPI-APs in the extracellular environment, such as blood and tissue cells, depend on the molecular mechanisms of their release as well as the cell types and tissues involved, and are controlled by their removal from circulation. This is accomplished by endocytic uptake by liver cells and/or degradation by GPI-specific phospholipase D in order to bypass potential unwanted effects of the released GPI-APs or their transfer from the releasing donor to acceptor cells (which will be reviewed in a forthcoming manuscript).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Mormino M, Lenitz I, Siewers V, Nygård Y. Identification of acetic acid sensitive strains through biosensor-based screening of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae CRISPRi library. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:214. [PMID: 36243715 PMCID: PMC9571444 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetic acid tolerance is crucial for the development of robust cell factories for conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates that typically contain high levels of acetic acid. Screening mutants for growth in medium with acetic acid is an attractive way to identify sensitive variants and can provide novel insights into the complex mechanisms regulating the acetic acid stress response. Results An acetic acid biosensor based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Haa1, was used to screen a CRISPRi yeast strain library where dCas9-Mxi was set to individually repress each essential or respiratory growth essential gene. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting led to the enrichment of a population of cells with higher acetic acid retention. These cells with higher biosensor signal were demonstrated to be more sensitive to acetic acid. Biosensor-based screening of the CRISPRi library strains enabled identification of strains with increased acetic acid sensitivity: strains with gRNAs targeting TIF34, MSN5, PAP1, COX10 or TRA1. Conclusions This study demonstrated that biosensors are valuable tools for screening and monitoring acetic acid tolerance in yeast. Fine-tuning the expression of essential genes can lead to altered acetic acid tolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01938-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mormino
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ibai Lenitz
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Nygård
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ramos-Viana V, Møller-Hansen I, Kempen P, Borodina I. Modulation of the cell wall protein Ecm33p in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves the production of small metabolites. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6654878. [PMID: 35922083 PMCID: PMC9440718 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall is a dynamic organelle that determines the shape and provides the cell with mechanical strength. This study investigated whether modulation of cell wall composition can influence the production or secretion of small metabolites by yeast cell factories. We deleted and upregulated several cell wall-related genes KRE2, CWP1, CWP2, ECM33, PUN1, and LAS21 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for p-coumaric acid or β-carotene production. Deletions of las21∆ and ecm33∆ impaired the yeast growth on medium with cell wall stressors, calcofluor white, and caffeine. Both overexpression and deletion of ECM33 significantly improved the specific yield of p-coumaric acid and β-carotene. We observed no change in secretion in any cell wall altered mutants, suggesting the cell wall is not a limiting factor for small molecule secretion at the current production levels. We evaluated the cell wall morphology of the ECM33 mutant strains using transmission electron microscopy. The ecm33∆ mutants had an increased chitin deposition and a less structured cell wall, while the opposite was observed in ECM33-overexpressing strains. Our results point at the cell wall-related gene ECM33 as a potential target for improving production in engineered yeast cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ramos-Viana
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Iben Møller-Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Discovering molecular features of intrinsically disordered regions by using evolution for contrastive learning. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010238. [PMID: 35767567 PMCID: PMC9275697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge to the characterization of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which are widespread in the proteome, but relatively poorly understood, is the identification of molecular features that mediate functions of these regions, such as short motifs, amino acid repeats and physicochemical properties. Here, we introduce a proteome-scale feature discovery approach for IDRs. Our approach, which we call “reverse homology”, exploits the principle that important functional features are conserved over evolution. We use this as a contrastive learning signal for deep learning: given a set of homologous IDRs, the neural network has to correctly choose a held-out homolog from another set of IDRs sampled randomly from the proteome. We pair reverse homology with a simple architecture and standard interpretation techniques, and show that the network learns conserved features of IDRs that can be interpreted as motifs, repeats, or bulk features like charge or amino acid propensities. We also show that our model can be used to produce visualizations of what residues and regions are most important to IDR function, generating hypotheses for uncharacterized IDRs. Our results suggest that feature discovery using unsupervised neural networks is a promising avenue to gain systematic insight into poorly understood protein sequences. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are widespread in proteins but are poorly understood on a systematic level because they evolve too rapidly for classic bioinformatics methods to be effective. We designed a neural network that learns what features (for example, electrostatic charge, or the presence of certain motifs) might be important to the function of IDRs, even when we don’t have prior knowledge of function. Our neural network learns by exploiting principles of evolution. Important features tend to be conserved over species, so guessing what sequences evolved from the same common ancestor helps the neural network identify these features. Importantly, training a neural network this way can be defined as a fully automatic operation, so no manual effort is required. After our neural network is trained, we can apply interpretation techniques to understand what kinds of features are important to IDRs globally in the proteome, and to form hypotheses about specific IDRs. We show that many of the features our neural network learns are consistent with features we already know to be important to IDRs. We hope that our neural network can be applied to help biologists form hypotheses about poorly characterized IDRs.
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Arnthong J, Ponjarat J, Bussadee P, Deenarn P, Prommana P, Phienluphon A, Charoensri S, Champreda V, Zhao XQ, Suwannarangsee S. Enhanced surface display efficiency of β-glucosidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by disruption of cell wall protein-encoding genes YGP1 and CWP2. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Huismann M, Gormley F, Dzait D, Speers RA, L. Maskell D. Unfilterable Beer Haze Part I: The Investigation of an India Pale Ale Haze. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1937460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Huismann
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | - R. Alex Speers
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Dawn L. Maskell
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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9
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Huismann M, Gormley F, Dzait D, Willoughby N, Stewart K, Speers RA, Maskell DL. Unfilterable Beer Haze Part II: Identifying Suspect Cell Wall Proteins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1937461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Huismann
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | - Nik Willoughby
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kelly Stewart
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - R. Alex Speers
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dawn L. Maskell
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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10
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Omura F, Takagi M, Kodama Y. Compromised chitin synthesis in lager yeast affects its Congo red resistance and release of mannoproteins from the cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5974272. [PMID: 33175116 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutant lager strain resistant to the cell wall-perturbing agent Congo red (CR) was isolated and the genetic alterations underlying CR resistance were investigated by whole genome sequencing. The parental lager strain was found to contain three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc)-type CHS6 (CHitin Synthase-related 6) alleles, two of which have one or two nonsense mutations in the open reading frame, leaving only one functional allele, whereas the functional allele was missing in the isolated CR-resistant strain. On the other hand, the Saccharomyces eubayanus-type CHS6 alleles shared by both the parental and mutant strains appeared to contribute poorly to chitin synthase-activating function. Therefore, the CR resistance of the mutant strain was attributable to the overall compromised activity of CHS6 gene products. The CR-resistant mutant cells exhibited less chitin production on the cell surface and smaller amounts of mannoprotein release into the medium. All these traits, in addition to the CR resistance, were complemented by the functional ScCHS6 gene. It is of great interest whether the frequent nonsense mutations found in ScCHS6 open reading frame in lager yeast strains are a consequence of the domestication process of lager yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Omura
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Motoshige Takagi
- Suntory System Technology Ltd., 2-1-5 Doujima, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 530-8204, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kodama
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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Rogers CM, Sanders E, Nguyen PA, Smith-Kinnaman W, Mosley AL, Bochman ML. The Genetic and Physical Interactomes of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrq1 Helicase. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:4347-4357. [PMID: 33115721 PMCID: PMC7718736 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes five RecQ helicases (RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5) that participate in various processes underpinning genomic stability. Of these enzymes, the disease-associated RECQL4 is comparatively understudied due to a variety of technical challenges. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a functional homolog of RECQL4 called Hrq1, which is more amenable to experimentation and has recently been shown to be involved in DNA inter-strand crosslink (ICL) repair and telomere maintenance. To expand our understanding of Hrq1 and the RecQ4 subfamily of helicases in general, we took a multi-omics approach to define the Hrq1 interactome in yeast. Using synthetic genetic array analysis, we found that mutations of genes involved in processes such as DNA repair, chromosome segregation, and transcription synthetically interact with deletion of HRQ1 and the catalytically inactive hrq1-K318A allele. Pull-down of tagged Hrq1 and mass spectrometry identification of interacting partners similarly underscored links to these processes and others. Focusing on transcription, we found that hrq1 mutant cells are sensitive to caffeine and that mutation of HRQ1 alters the expression levels of hundreds of genes. In the case of hrq1-K318A, several of the most highly upregulated genes encode proteins of unknown function whose expression levels are also increased by DNA ICL damage. Together, our results suggest a heretofore unrecognized role for Hrq1 in transcription, as well as novel members of the Hrq1 ICL repair pathway. These data expand our understanding of RecQ4 subfamily helicase biology and help to explain why mutations in human RECQL4 cause diseases of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M Rogers
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Elsbeth Sanders
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Phoebe A Nguyen
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Whitney Smith-Kinnaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
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Evolutionary Overview of Molecular Interactions and Enzymatic Activities in the Yeast Cell Walls. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238996. [PMID: 33256216 PMCID: PMC7730094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal cell walls are composed of a polysaccharide network that serves as a scaffold in which different glycoproteins are embedded. Investigation of fungal cell walls, besides simple identification and characterization of the main cell wall building blocks, covers the pathways and regulations of synthesis of each individual component of the wall and biochemical reactions by which they are cross-linked and remodeled in response to different growth phase and environmental signals. In this review, a survey of composition and organization of so far identified and characterized cell wall components of different yeast genera including Saccharomyces, Candida, Kluyveromyces, Yarrowia, and Schizosaccharomyces are presented with the focus on their cell wall proteomes.
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Porras-Agüera JA, Mauricio JC, Moreno-García J, Moreno J, García-Martínez T. A Differential Proteomic Approach to Characterize the Cell Wall Adaptive Response to CO 2 Overpressure during Sparkling Wine-Making Process. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1188. [PMID: 32759881 PMCID: PMC7465653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a first proteomic approach was carried out to characterize the adaptive response of cell wall-related proteins to endogenous CO2 overpressure, which is typical of second fermentation conditions, in two wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (P29, a conventional second fermentation strain, and G1, a flor yeast strain implicated in sherry wine making). The results showed a high number of cell wall proteins in flor yeast G1 under pressure, highlighting content at the first month of aging. The cell wall proteomic response to pressure in flor yeast G1 was characterized by an increase in both the number and content of cell wall proteins involved in glucan remodeling and mannoproteins. On the other hand, cell wall proteins responsible for glucan assembly, cell adhesion, and lipid metabolism stood out in P29. Over-represented proteins under pressure were involved in cell wall integrity (Ecm33p and Pst1p), protein folding (Ssa1p and Ssa2p), and glucan remodeling (Exg2p and Scw4p). Flocculation-related proteins were not identified under pressure conditions. The use of flor yeasts for sparkling wine elaboration and improvement is proposed. Further research based on the genetic engineering of wine yeast using those genes from protein biomarkers under pressure alongside the second fermentation in bottle is required to achieve improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Porras-Agüera
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, C6 building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.A.P.-A.); (J.M.-G.); (T.G.-M.)
| | - Juan Carlos Mauricio
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, C6 building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.A.P.-A.); (J.M.-G.); (T.G.-M.)
| | - Jaime Moreno-García
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, C6 building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.A.P.-A.); (J.M.-G.); (T.G.-M.)
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, C3 building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, C6 building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.A.P.-A.); (J.M.-G.); (T.G.-M.)
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14
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Ito-Harashima S, Matano M, Onishi K, Nomura T, Nakajima S, Ebata S, Shiizaki K, Kawanishi M, Yagi T. Construction of reporter gene assays using CWP and PDR mutant yeasts for enhanced detection of various sex steroids. Genes Environ 2020; 42:20. [PMID: 32514322 PMCID: PMC7251871 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex steroid hormone receptors are classified into three classes of receptors: estrogen receptors (ER) α and β, androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR). They belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and activate their downstream genes in a ligand-dependent manner. Since sex steroid hormones are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes and cancer development, synthetic chemical substances that exhibit sex steroid hormone activities have been applied as pharmaceuticals and consumed in large amounts worldwide. They are potentially hazardous contaminants as endocrine disruptors in the environment because they may induce inappropriate gene expression mediated by sex steroid hormone receptors in vivo. Results To develop simple reporter gene assays with enhanced sensitivity for the detection of sex steroid hormones, we newly established mutant yeast strains lacking the CWP and PDR genes encoding cell wall mannoproteins and plasma membrane drug efflux pumps, respectively, and expressing human ERα, ERβ, AR, and PR. Reporter gene assays with mutant yeast strains responded to endogenous and synthetic ligands more strongly than those with wild-type strains. Sex steroid hormone activities in some pharmaceutical oral tablets and human urine were also detectable in these yeast assays. Conclusions Yeast reporter gene assay systems for all six steroid hormone receptors, including previously established glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) assay yeasts, are now available. Environmental endocrine disrupters with steroid hormone activity will be qualitatively detectable by simple and easy procedures. The yeast-based reporter gene assay will be valuable as a primary screening tool to detect and evaluate steroid hormone activities in various test samples. Our assay system will strongly support the detection of agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists of steroid hormone receptors in the field of novel drug discovery and assessments of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Ito-Harashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Kana Onishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Saki Nakajima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Shingo Ebata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiizaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193 Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
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15
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Li J, Karboune S, Asehraou A. Mannoproteins from inactivated whole cells of baker's and brewer's yeasts as functional food ingredients: Isolation and optimization. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1438-1449. [PMID: 32339270 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of the structural multiplicity of yeast mannoproteins, they have shown a great interest as food ingredients for a wide range of applications. The yields and the structural properties of mannoproteins varied depending on the isolation methods and their sources (baker's and brewer's Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts). Noncovalently bound mannoproteins (6.5 kDa) with a mannan/protein ratio of 0.63 and 2.78 were recovered upon the heat treatment of brewer's and baker's yeasts, respectively, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment led mainly to the release of nonglycosylated proteins. The highest yield of mannoproteins was achieved upon the enzymatic isolation with Zymolyase® from Arthrobacter luteus. The recovered covalently bound mannoproteins were characterized by a higher mannan/protein ratio (13.1 to 42.7) and a wider molecular weight distribution (5 to 10 kDa; 10 to 100 kDa; 100 to 400 kDa). Predictive models were developed to understand and modulate the effects of isolation parameters on yield, the mannoproteins content, and the mannan/protein ratio. The enzyme concentration was the most significant parameter affecting the yield, whereas the reaction time was the most significant parameter affecting mannan/protein ratio. Comparison of predicted and experimental values validated the established predicted models for the isolation of well-defined mannoproteins from yeast for targeted food applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The increasing demand for clean label health-promoting foods has fueled the development of highly functional ingredients that offer both techno-functionalities and health-promoting properties. This study reveals the efficiency of whole inactivated yeasts as sources of mannoproteins. Given the dependence of the techno-functional and health-promoting properties of mannoproteins on their molecular properties, the investigation of the effects of the yeast sources and the type of isolation methods on the structural properties of mannoproteins would allow the modulation of their properties. Furthermore, the developed predictive models for the enzymatic process are expected to enhance the isolation efficiency of mannoproteins with well-defined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Dept. of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Dept. of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier Univ., Oujda, 60000, Morocco
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16
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Kawanishi M, Mori K, Yamada R, Ito-Harashima S, Yagi T. Improvement of reporter gene assay for highly sensitive dioxin detection using protoplastic yeast with inactivation of CWP and PDR genes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9227-9235. [PMID: 31916168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A yeast reporter gene assay system with improved performance for dioxin detection was established. Since yeast reporter gene assays are relatively simple, easy to handle, and inexpensive, they have been used for various assessments of environmental contaminants. We previously constructed a yeast assay strain expressing the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt) carrying the lacZ reporter gene, for detection of dioxins. In the present study, genes encoding cell wall mannoproteins and ATP-binding cassette transporters in the yeast assay strains were deleted in order to increase the substance influx and prevent its efflux. We also established an assay procedure for protoplasts of these yeasts. These modifications improved the detection limit 40-fold and reduced the duration of the assay by 40%. By combining the yeast protoplast and a rapid sample preparation technique using disposal multilayer solid-phase extraction columns to remove unintended aryl hydrocarbons, this yeast reporter gene assay system detected the ligand activities of dioxins and related compounds in 1 g of forest soil containing dioxins at a concentration 10 times lower than the Japanese environmental standard for dioxins in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawanishi
- Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Rina Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Sayoko Ito-Harashima
- Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Graduate School of Science and Radiation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
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17
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Yoon BH, Lee SM, Chang HI, Ha CH. Mannoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulate angiogenesis by promoting the akt-eNOS signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:767-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Zhang YZ, Chen Q, Liu CH, Lei L, Li Y, Zhao K, Wei MQ, Guo ZR, Wang Y, Xu BJ, Jiang YF, Kong L, Liu YL, Lan XJ, Jiang QT, Ma J, Wang JR, Chen GY, Wei YM, Zheng YL, Qi PF. Fusarium graminearum FgCWM1 Encodes a Cell Wall Mannoprotein Conferring Sensitivity to Salicylic Acid and Virulence to Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110628. [PMID: 31671876 PMCID: PMC6891299 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of wheat. Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum. Cell wall mannoprotein (CWM) is known to trigger defense responses in plants, but its role in the pathogenicity of F. graminearum remains unclear. Here, we characterized FgCWM1 (FG05_11315), encoding a CWM in F. graminearum. FgCWM1 was highly expressed in wheat spikes by 24 h after initial inoculation and was upregulated by SA. Disruption of FgCWM1 (ΔFgCWM1) reduced mannose and protein accumulation in the fungal cell wall, especially under SA treatment, and resulted in defective fungal cell walls, leading to increased fungal sensitivity to SA. The positive role of FgCWM1 in mannose and protein accumulation was confirmed by its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Compared with wild type (WT), ΔFgCWM1 exhibited reduced pathogenicity toward wheat, but it produced the same amount of deoxynivalenol both in culture and in spikes. Complementation of ΔFgCWM1 with FgCWM1 restored the WT phenotype. Localization analyses revealed that FgCWM1 was distributed on the cell wall, consistent with its structural role. Thus, FgCWM1 encodes a CWM protein that plays an important role in the cell wall integrity and pathogenicity of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Lei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kan Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mei-Qiao Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhen-Ru Guo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin-Jie Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan-Lin Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiu-Jin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian-Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guo-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Improved cellulase production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae by disrupting the cell wall protein-encoding gene CWP2. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:165-171. [PMID: 31537451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used for heterologous protein production. However, low protein production titer and secretion levels continue to challenge its practical applications. The yeast cell wall plays important roles in yeast cell growth and environmental responses. Nevertheless, the effects of yeast cell wall proteins on heterologous protein production and secretion remain unclear. CWP2 encodes a mannoprotein that is the major component of the yeast cell wall. So far, studies on its function have been very limited. Here we show that CWP2 disruption improved extracellular cellobiohydrolase activity by 85.9%. A calcofluor white hypersensitivity assay revealed increased sensitivity of the mutant compared to the parental strain, indicating impaired cell wall integrity. However, no changes were observed in normal cell growth or growth stressed by tunicamycin and dithiothreitol, suggesting that the unfolded protein response pathway was not affected by the gene disruption. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed changes in multiple genes involved in cell wall structure, biosynthesis, and cell wall integrity induced by CWP2 disruption, suggesting a pivotal role of Cwp2p in yeast cell wall organization. Notably, CWP2 disruption also led to elevated transcription of a large number of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, which indicated that CWP2 is not only in yeast cell wall biosynthesis, but also in protein translation. This work reveals novel insights into the functions of CWP2 and also presents a new strategy to increase heterologous protein production in yeast strains by manipulating cell wall-related proteins.
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20
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Ditscherlein L, Jolan Gulden S, Müller S, Baumann RP, Peuker UA, Nirschl H. Measuring interactions between yeast cells and a micro-sized air bubble via atomic force microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:689-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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A comparative study for the isolation and characterization of mannoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:654-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Yoko-O T, Umemura M, Komatsuzaki A, Ikeda K, Ichikawa D, Takase K, Kanzawa N, Saito K, Kinoshita T, Taguchi R, Jigami Y. Lipid moiety of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins contributes to the determination of their final destination in yeast. Genes Cells 2018; 23:880-892. [PMID: 30133879 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts have two classes of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins; one is transferred to the cell wall, whereas the other is retained on the plasma membrane. The lipid moieties of the GPI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae consist of either phosphatidylinositol (PI) or inositolphosphorylceramide (IPC). Cwh43p is involved in the remodeling of lipid from PI to IPC. We found that the GPI lipid moiety of Cwp2p in wild-type cells is PI. To elucidate the physiological role of the lipid remodeling by Cwh43p, we investigated the distribution of Gas1p and Cwp2p by immunoblotting and found that Gas1p with the PI-form GPI lipid moiety in cwh43∆ mutant cells tends to be localized to the cell wall, suggesting that the IPC species in the GPI lipid moiety contributes to the retention of GPI-anchored proteins on the plasma membrane. We also found that CWH43 is genetically related to TED1, which encodes a protein involved in the removal of the ethanolamine phosphate from the second mannose residue in GPI glycan moieties. We propose possible models for the physiological function of Cwh43p and Ted1p in the transfer of GPI-anchored proteins from the plasma membrane to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yoko-O
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Umemura
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,The School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Komatsuzaki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kumiko Takase
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Saito
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Jigami
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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23
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McColl AI, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA, Lowe RGT. Resistance to the Plant Defensin NaD1 Features Modifications to the Cell Wall and Osmo-Regulation Pathways of Yeast. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1648. [PMID: 30087664 PMCID: PMC6066574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the emergence of resistance to commonly used antifungal molecules has become a major barrier to effective treatment of recurrent life-threatening fungal diseases. Resistance combined with the increased incidence of fungal diseases has created the need for new antifungals, such as the plant defensin NaD1, with different mechanisms of action to broaden treatment options. Antimicrobial peptides produced in plants and animals are promising new molecules in the arsenal of antifungal agents because they have different mechanisms of action to current antifungals and are often targeted specifically to fungal pathogens (van der Weerden et al., 2013). A key step in the development of novel antifungals is an understanding of the potential for the fungus to develop resistance. Here, we have used the prototypic plant defensin NaD1 in serial passages with the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to examine the evolution of resistance to plant antifungal peptides. The yeast strains did develop tolerance to NaD1, but it occurred more slowly than to the clinically used antifungal caspofungin. Sequencing the genomes of the strains with increased tolerance failed to identify any ‘hotspot’ mutations associated with increased tolerance to NaD1 and led to the identification of 12 genes that are involved in resistance. Characterization of the strains with increased tolerance to NaD1 also revealed changes in tolerance to abiotic stressors. Resistance developed slowly via an accumulation of single nucleotide mutations and had a fitness penalty associated with it. One of the genes identified FPS1, revealed that there is a common mechanism of resistance to NaD1 that involves the osmotic stress response pathway. These data indicate that it is more difficult to generate resistance to antimicrobial peptides such as NaD1 compared to small molecule antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda I McColl
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark R Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marilyn A Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan G T Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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A route to understanding yeast cellular envelope – plasma membrane lipids interplaying in cell wall integrity. FEBS J 2018; 285:2402-2404. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Tanaka S, Tani M. Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramides and ergosterol coodinately maintain cell wall integrity in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2018; 285:2405-2427. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Motohiro Tani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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26
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Andreu C, Del Olmo ML. Yeast arming systems: pros and cons of different protein anchors and other elements required for display. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2543-2561. [PMID: 29435617 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yeast display is a powerful strategy that consists in exposing peptides or proteins of interest on the cell surface of this microorganism. Ever since initial experiments with this methodology were carried out, its scope has extended and many applications have been successfully developed in different science and technology fields. Several yeast display systems have been designed, which all involve introducting into yeast cells the gene fusions that contain the coding regions of a signal peptide, an anchor protein, to properly attach the target to the cell surface, and the protein of interest to be exposed, all of which are controlled by a strong promoter. In this work, we report the description of such elements for the alternative systems introduced by focusing particularly on anchor proteins. The comparisons made between them are included whenever possible, and the main advantages and inconveniences of each one are discussed. Despite the huge number of publications on yeast surface display and the revisions published to date, this topic has not yet been widely considered. Finally, given the growing interest in developing systems for non-Saccharomyces yeasts, the main strategies reported for some are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Andreu
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n. 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Marcel Lí Del Olmo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
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27
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Lawrence SJ, Smart KA. The Impact ofCWPandDANGene-encoded Mannoproteins on Cell Wall Thickness Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-0527-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Lawrence
- Division of Food Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Katherine A. Smart
- Division of Food Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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28
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Omura F, Nakao Y, Teranishi T, Fujita A. High Expression Levels of Cell Wall Protein Cwp2p Decrease the Turbidity of Fresh Lager Beer by Reducing the Size of Haze Particles. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0602-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Omura
- R&D Planning Division, Suntory Research Center, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakao
- R&D Planning Division, Suntory Research Center, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Teranishi
- Beer Development Department, Beer Division, Suntory Research Center, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Kyoto Brewery, Suntory Limited, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Lawrence SJ, Gibson BR, Smart KA. Expression of the Cell Wall Mannoprotein GenesCWPandDANduring Industrial-Scale Lager Fermentations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0114-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Lawrence
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - B. R. Gibson
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K. A. Smart
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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30
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Chen X, Zhang C, Too HP. Multienzyme Biosynthesis of Dihydroartemisinic Acid. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091422. [PMID: 28846664 PMCID: PMC6151439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot multienzyme biosynthesis is an attractive method for producing complex, chiral bioactive compounds. It is advantageous over step-by-step synthesis, as it simplifies the process, reduces costs and often leads to higher yield due to the synergistic effects of enzymatic reactions. In this study, dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) pathway enzymes were overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and whole-cell biotransformation of amorpha-4,11-diene (AD) to DHAA was demonstrated. The first oxidation step by cytochrome P450 (CYP71AV1) is the main rate-limiting step, and a series of N-terminal truncation and transcriptional tuning improved the enzymatic activity. With the co-expression of artemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1), which recycles NADPH, a significant 8-fold enhancement of DHAA production was observed. Subsequently, abiotic conditions were optimized to further enhance the productivity of the whole-cell biocatalysts. Collectively, approximately 230 mg/L DHAA was produced by the multi-step whole-cell reaction, a ~50% conversion from AD. This study illustrates the feasibility of producing bioactive compounds by in vitro one-pot multienzyme reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Chen
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117598, Singapore.
| | - Congqiang Zhang
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117598, Singapore.
| | - Heng-Phon Too
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117598, Singapore.
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Grbavac A, Čanak I, Stuparević I, Teparić R, Mrša V. Proteolytic processing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall protein Scw4 regulates its activity and influences its covalent binding to glucan. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:507-515. [PMID: 27965112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wen FP, Guo YS, Hu Y, Liu WX, Wang Q, Wang YT, Yu HY, Tang CM, Yang J, Zhou T, Xie ZP, Sha JH, Guo X, Li W. Distinct temporal requirements for autophagy and the proteasome in yeast meiosis. Autophagy 2016; 12:671-88. [PMID: 27050457 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1149659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a special type of cellular renovation that involves 2 successive cell divisions and a single round of DNA replication. Two major degradation systems, the autophagy-lysosome and the ubiquitin-proteasome, are involved in meiosis, but their roles have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that autophagy mainly affects the initiation of meiosis but not the nuclear division. Autophagy works not only by serving as a dynamic recycling system but also by eliminating some negative meiotic regulators such as Ego4 (Ynr034w-a). In a quantitative proteomics study, the proteasome was found to be significantly upregulated during meiotic divisions. We found that proteasomal activity is essential to the 2 successive meiotic nuclear divisions but not for the initiation of meiosis. Our study defines the roles of autophagy and the proteasome in meiosis: Autophagy mainly affects the initiation of meiosis, whereas the proteasome mainly affects the 2 successive meiotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-ping Wen
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yue-shuai Guo
- b State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development , Department of Histology and Embryology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yang Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,d College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University , Nanchong , China
| | - Wei-xiao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yuan-ting Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hai-Yan Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Chao-ming Tang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jun Yang
- d College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University , Nanchong , China
| | - Tao Zhou
- b State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development , Department of Histology and Embryology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhi-ping Xie
- e School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jia-hao Sha
- b State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development , Department of Histology and Embryology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- b State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development , Department of Histology and Embryology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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Development of a new yeast surface display system based on Spi1 as an anchor protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:287-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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34
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Aon JC, Sun J, Leighton JM, Appelbaum ER. Hypoxia-elicited impairment of cell wall integrity, glycosylation precursor synthesis, and growth in scaled-up high-cell density fed-batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:142. [PMID: 27527078 PMCID: PMC4986208 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we examine the integrity of the cell wall during scale up of a yeast fermentation process from laboratory scale (10 L) to industrial scale (10,000 L). In a previous study we observed a clear difference in the volume fraction occupied by yeast cells as revealed by wet cell weight (WCW) measurements between these scales. That study also included metabolite analysis which suggested hypoxia during scale up. Here we hypothesize that hypoxia weakens the yeast cell wall during the scale up, leading to changes in cell permeability, and/or cell mechanical resistance, which in turn may lead to the observed difference in WCW. We tested the cell wall integrity by probing the cell wall sensitivity to Zymolyase. Also exometabolomics data showed changes in supply of precursors for the glycosylation pathway. Results The results show a more sensitive cell wall later in the production process at industrial scale, while the sensitivity at early time points was similar at both scales. We also report exometabolomics data, in particular a link with the protein glycosylation pathway. Significantly lower levels of Man6P and progressively higher GDP-mannose indicated partially impaired incorporation of this sugar nucleotide during co- or post-translational protein glycosylation pathways at the 10,000 L compared to the 10 L scale. This impairment in glycosylation would be expected to affect cell wall integrity. Although cell viability from samples obtained at both scales were similar, cells harvested from 10 L bioreactors were able to re-initiate growth faster in fresh shake flask media than those harvested from the industrial scale. Conclusions The results obtained help explain the WCW differences observed at both scales by hypoxia-triggered weakening of the yeast cell wall during the scale up. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0542-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Aon
- Department of Microbial and Cell Culture Development, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA.
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Microbial and Cell Culture Development, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Julie M Leighton
- Department of Microbial and Cell Culture Development, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Edward R Appelbaum
- Department of Microbial and Cell Culture Development, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
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Chen X. Yeast cell surface display: An efficient strategy for improvement of bioethanol fermentation performance. Bioengineered 2016; 8:115-119. [PMID: 27459271 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1212135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface serves as a functional interface between the inside and the outside of the cell. Within the past 20 y the ability of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to display heterologous proteins on the cell surface has been demonstrated. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae has been both developed and applied in expression of various proteins on the cell surface. Using this novel and useful strategy, proteins and peptides of various kinds can be displayed on the yeast cell surface by fusing the protein of interest with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchoring system. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) using S. cerevisiae represents a promising technology for bioethanol production. However, further work is needed to improve the fermentation performance. There is some excellent previous research regarding construction of yeast biocatalyst using the surface display system to decrease cost, increase efficiency of ethanol production and directly utilize starch or biomass for fuel production. In this commentary, we reviewed the yeast surface display system and highlighted recent work. Additionally, the strategy for decrease of phytate phosphate content in dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) by display of phytase on the yeast cell surface is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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36
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Singh SL, Rai RC, Sah SK, Komath SS. The catalytic subunit of the first mannosyltransferase in the GPI biosynthetic pathway affects growth, cell wall integrity and hyphal morphogenesis in Candida albicans. Yeast 2016; 33:365-83. [PMID: 27337589 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CaGpi14 is the catalytic subunit of the first mannosyltransferase that is involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway in Candida albicans. We show that CaGPI14 is able to rescue a conditionally lethal gpi14 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, unlike its mammalian homologue. The depletion of this enzyme in C. albicans leads to severe growth defects, besides causing deficiencies in GPI anchor levels. In addition, CaGpi14 depletion results in cell wall defects and upregulation of the cell wall integrity response pathway. This in turn appears to trigger the osmotic-stress dependent activation of the HOG1 pathway and an upregulation of HOG1 as well as its downstream target, SKO1, a known suppressor of expression of hyphae-specific genes. Consistent with this, mutants of CaGPI14 are unable to undergo hyphal transformations in different hyphae-inducing media, under conditions that produce abundant hyphae in the wild-type cells. Hyphal defects in the CaGPI14 mutants could not be attributed either to reduced protein kinase C activation or to defective Ras signalling in these cells but appeared to be driven by perturbations in the HOG1 pathway. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Lata Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Sneha Sudha Komath
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Maicas S, Caminero A, Martínez JP, Sentandreu R, Valentín E. The GCA1 gene encodes a glycosidase-like protein in the cell wall of Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow032. [PMID: 27189368 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans Gca1p is a putative glucoamylase enzyme which contains 946 amino acids, 11 putative sites for N-glycosylation and 9 for O-glycosylation. Gca1p was identified in β-mercaptoethanol extracts from isolated cell walls of strain C. albicans SC5314 and it is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. The significance and the role of this protein within the cell wall structure were studied in the corresponding mutants. The homozygous mutant showed that GCA1 was not an essential gene for cell viability. Subsequent phenotypic analysis performed in the mutants obtained did not show significant difference in the behavior of mutant when compared with the wild strain SC5314. Zymoliase, Calcofluor White, Congo red, SDS, caffeine or inorganic compounds did not affect the integrity of the cell wall. No differences were observed when hyphal formation assays were carried out. However, an enzyme assay in the presence of substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside enabled us to detect a significant decrease in glycosidase activity in the mutants compared with the parental strain, revealing the function of Gca1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Maicas
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, 46100-E, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Caminero
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100-E, Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Pedro Martínez
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100-E, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rafael Sentandreu
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100-E, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eulogio Valentín
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100-E, Burjassot, Spain
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38
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Tang H, Wang S, Wang J, Song M, Xu M, Zhang M, Shen Y, Hou J, Bao X. N-hypermannose glycosylation disruption enhances recombinant protein production by regulating secretory pathway and cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25654. [PMID: 27156860 PMCID: PMC4860636 DOI: 10.1038/srep25654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a robust host for heterologous protein expression. The efficient expression of cellulases in S. cerevisiae is important for the consolidated bioprocess that directly converts lignocellulose into valuable products. However, heterologous proteins are often N-hyperglycosylated in S. cerevisiae, which may affect protein activity. In this study, the expression of three heterologous proteins, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase, was found to be N-hyperglycosylated in S. cerevisiae. To block the formation of hypermannose glycan, these proteins were expressed in strains with deletions in key Golgi mannosyltransferases (Och1p, Mnn9p and Mnn1p), respectively. Their extracellular activities improved markedly in the OCH1 and MNN9 deletion strains. Interestingly, truncation of the N-hypermannose glycan did not increase the specific activity of these proteins, but improved the secretion yield. Further analysis showed OCH1 and MNN9 deletion up-regulated genes in the secretory pathway, such as protein folding and vesicular trafficking, but did not induce the unfolded protein response. The cell wall integrity was also affected by OCH1 and MNN9 deletion, which contributed to the release of secretory protein extracellularly. This study demonstrated that mannosyltransferases disruption improved protein secretion through up-regulating secretory pathway and affecting cell wall integrity and provided new insights into glycosylation engineering for protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shenghuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Meihui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Nadai C, Treu L, Campanaro S, Giacomini A, Corich V. Different mechanisms of resistance modulate sulfite tolerance in wine yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:797-813. [PMID: 26615396 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From a technological point of view, yeast resistance to sulfite is of great interest and represents an important technological character for winemaking. Several mechanisms are involved, and strain-dependent strategies to obtain SO2 resistance can deeply influence wine quality, although this choice is less relevant in determining the technological performance of the strain during fermentation. In this study, to better understand the strain-specific mechanisms of resistance, 11 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, whose genomes have been previously sequenced, were selected. Their attitude towards sulfites, in terms of resistance and production, was evaluated, and RNA-sequencing of four selected strains was performed during fermentation process in synthetic grape must in the presence of SO2. Results demonstrated that at molecular level, the physical effect of SO2 triggered multiple stress responses in the cell and high tolerance to general enological stressing condition increased SO2 resistance. Adaptation mechanism due to high basal gene expression level rather than specific gene induction in the presence of sulfite seemed to be responsible in modulating strain resistance. This mechanism involved higher basal gene expression level of specific cell wall proteins, enzymes for lipid biosynthesis, and enzymes directly involved in SO2 assimilation pathway and efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy.
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
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40
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de Jong BW, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Physiological and transcriptional characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for production of fatty acid ethyl esters. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 16:fov105. [PMID: 26590613 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has previously been engineered to become a cell factory for the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), molecules suitable for crude diesel replacement. To find new metabolic engineering targets for the improvement of FAEE cell factories, three different FAEE-producing strains of S. cerevisiae, constructed previously, were compared and characterized by quantification of key fluxes and genome-wide transcription analysis. From both the physiological and the transcriptional data, it was indicated that strain CB2I20, with high expression of a heterologous wax ester synthase gene (ws2) and strain BdJ15, containing disruptions of genes DGA1, LRO1, ARE1, ARE2 and POX1, which prevent the conversion of acyl-CoA to sterol esters, triacylglycerides and the degradation to acetyl-CoA, triggered oxidative stress that consequently influenced cellular growth. In the latter strain, stress was possibly triggered by disabling the buffering capacity of lipid droplets in encapsulating toxic fatty acids such as oleic acid. Additionally, it was indicated that there was an increased demand for NADPH required for the reduction steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, our analysis clearly shows that engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis results in transcriptional reprogramming and has a significant effect on overall cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke Wim de Jong
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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41
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Assessment of the toxicity of CuO nanoparticles by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with multiple genes deleted. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:8098-107. [PMID: 26386067 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02035-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop applicable and susceptible models to evaluate the toxicity of nanoparticles, the antimicrobial effects of CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on various Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) strains (wild type, single-gene-deleted mutants, and multiple-gene-deleted mutants) were determined and compared. Further experiments were also conducted to analyze the mechanisms associated with toxicity using copper salt, bulk CuO (bCuO), carbon-shelled copper nanoparticles (C/Cu-NPs), and carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs) for comparisons. The results indicated that the growth inhibition rates of CuO-NPs for the wild-type and the single-gene-deleted strains were comparable, while for the multiple-gene deletion mutant, significantly higher toxicity was observed (P < 0.05). When the toxicity of the CuO-NPs to yeast cells was compared with the toxicities of copper salt and bCuO, we concluded that the toxicity of CuO-NPs should be attributed to soluble copper rather than to the nanoparticles. The striking difference in adverse effects of C-NPs and C/Cu-NPs with equivalent surface areas also proved this. A toxicity assay revealed that the multiple-gene-deleted mutant was significantly more sensitive to CuO-NPs than the wild type. Specifically, compared with the wild-type strain, copper was readily taken up by mutant strains when cell permeability genes were knocked out, and the mutants with deletions of genes regulated under oxidative stress (OS) were likely producing more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, as mechanism-based gene inactivation could increase the susceptibility of yeast, the multiple-gene-deleted mutants should be improved model organisms to investigate the toxicity of nanoparticles.
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42
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Ito-Harashima S, Shiizaki K, Kawanishi M, Kakiuchi K, Onishi K, Yamaji R, Yagi T. Construction of sensitive reporter assay yeasts for comprehensive detection of ligand activities of human corticosteroid receptors through inactivation of CWP and PDR genes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 74:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Plaza V, Lagües Y, Carvajal M, Pérez-García LA, Mora-Montes HM, Canessa P, Larrondo LF, Castillo L. bcpmr1 encodes a P-type Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase mediating cell-wall integrity and virulence in the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 76:36-46. [PMID: 25677379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall of fungi is generally composed of an inner skeletal layer consisting of various polysaccharides surrounded by a layer of glycoproteins. These usually contain both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, coupled to the proteins by stepwise addition of mannose residues by mannosyltransferases in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In yeast, an essential luminal cofactor for these mannosyltransferases is Mn(2+) provided by the Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase known as Pmr1. In this study, we have identified and characterized the Botrytis cinerea pmr1 gene, the closest homolog of yeast PMR1. We hypothesized that bcpmr1 also encodes a Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase that plays an important role in the protein glycosylation pathway. Phenotypic analysis showed that bcpmr1 null mutants displayed a significant reduction in conidial production, radial growth and diameter of sclerotia. Significant alterations in hyphal cell wall composition were observed including a 83% decrease of mannan levels and an increase in the amount of chitin and glucan. These changes were accompanied by a hypersensitivity to cell wall-perturbing agents such as Calcofluor white, Congo red and zymolyase. Importantly, the Δbcpmr1 mutant showed reduced virulence in tomato (leafs and fruits) and apple (fruits) and reduced biofilm formation. Together, our results highlight the importance of bcpmr1 for protein glycosylation, cell wall structure and virulence of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Plaza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology (FISB), Chile
| | - Yanssuy Lagües
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Mauro Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Luis A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Hector M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Paulo Canessa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology (FISB), Chile
| | - Luis F Larrondo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology (FISB), Chile
| | - Luis Castillo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology (FISB), Chile.
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Sun H, Wang T, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wang L, Chen P, Wang F, Li H, Xiao Y, Zhao X. Display of heterologous proteins on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display system using a single constitutive expression vector. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:443-50. [PMID: 24851254 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we constructed a novel and simple yeast surface display system with a single expression vector. The newly established system uses a bidirectional expression vector carrying the AGA1 gene driven by the PGK1 promoter in one direction and the AGA2-expression cassette driven by the TEF1 promoter in the reverse direction, and uses the geneticin, a G418-resistant gene, as the selection marker for transformants. Because all the display elements are put into one expression vector, the new system is much simpler to use, and there is no need for any genetic modification of the host strains; therefore, the new system can be used in wild type as well as laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The display efficiency of heterologous proteins using the new system has been confirmed by displaying enhanced green fluorescent protein and Eimeria tenella (a chicken protozoan parasite) microneme protein2 (EtMic2) on several S. cerevisiae strains. We also tested the new system with an aga2 mutant strain of S. cerevisiae. The results indicate that the native expressed Aga2 protein has no effect on the display efficiency of heterologous proteins.
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Li C, Lin Y, Huang Y, Liu X, Liang S. Citrobacter amalonaticus phytase on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris exhibits high pH stability as a promising potential feed supplement. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114728. [PMID: 25490768 PMCID: PMC4260871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase expressed and anchored on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris avoids the expensive and time-consuming steps of protein purification and separation. Furthermore, yeast cells with anchored phytase can be used as a whole-cell biocatalyst. In this study, the phytase gene of Citrobacter amalonaticus was fused with the Pichia pastoris glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein homologue GCW61. Phytase exposed on the cell surface exhibits a high activity of 6413.5 U/g, with an optimal temperature of 60°C. In contrast to secreted phytase, which has an optimal pH of 5.0, phytase presented on the cell surface is characterized by an optimal pH of 3.0. Moreover, our data demonstrate that phytase anchored on the cell surface exhibits higher pH stability than its secreted counterpart. Interestingly, our in vitro digestion experiments demonstrate that phytase attached to the cell surface is a more efficient enzyme than secreted phytase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Perpiñá C, Vinaixa J, Andreu C, del Olmo M. Development of new tolerant strains to hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic solvents by the yeast surface display methodology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:775-89. [PMID: 25267156 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yeast surface display is a research methodology based on anchoring functional proteins and peptides onto the surface of the cells of this eukaryotic organism. Its development has resulted in the construction of a good number of new whole-cell biocatalysts with diverse applications in biotechnology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this work, we describe the design of new yeast strains in which several proteins and peptides have been introduced at the N-terminal position of protein agglutinin Aga2p. In all cases, proteins were correctly expressed and displayed on the cell surface according to the western blot, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses. The introduction of a glycosylable, Ser/Thr-rich protein (S1) resulted in improved resistance to ethanol, nonane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) stress. The protein with a very high hydrophobic content (S2d) proved to confer tolerance to acetonitrile, ethanol, nonane, salt, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The introduction of five leucine residues at the N-terminal position of S1 and S2 resulted in similar or increased resistance to the above-mentioned stress conditions. The adverse effects described in a previous work, when these residues were introduced into the N-terminus of Aga2p, with no other protein acting as a spacer, were not observed. Indeed, these strains grew better in the presence of hydrophilic solvents such as acetonitrile and ethanol. The new strains reported in this work have biotechnological potentiality given their behavior under adverse conditions of interest for biocatalytic and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perpiñá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100, Burjassot (València), Spain
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Vazquez HM, Vionnet C, Roubaty C, Conzelmann A. Cdc1 removes the ethanolamine phosphate of the first mannose of GPI anchors and thereby facilitates the integration of GPI proteins into the yeast cell wall. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3375-88. [PMID: 25165136 PMCID: PMC4214784 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential CDC1 gene of yeast encodes a Mn2+-dependent lipid phosphatase of the endoplasmic reticulum. Hypomorphic alleles affect Ca2+ signaling, actin polarization, Golgi inheritance, and cell cycle progression. Cdc1 removes an ethanolamine phosphate from the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and thereby facilitates integration of GPI proteins into the yeast cell wall. Temperature-sensitive cdc1ts mutants are reported to stop the cell cycle upon a shift to 30°C in early G2, that is, as small budded cells having completed DNA replication but unable to duplicate the spindle pole body. A recent report showed that PGAP5, a human homologue of CDC1, acts as a phosphodiesterase removing an ethanolamine phosphate (EtN-P) from mannose 2 of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, thus permitting efficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport of GPI proteins. We find that the essential CDC1 gene can be deleted in mcd4∆ cells, which do not attach EtN-P to mannose 1 of the GPI anchor, suggesting that Cdc1 removes the EtN-P added by Mcd4. Cdc1-314ts mutants do not accumulate GPI proteins in the ER but have a partial secretion block later in the secretory pathway. Growth tests and the genetic interaction profile of cdc1-314ts pinpoint a distinct cell wall defect. Osmotic support restores GPI protein secretion and actin polarization but not growth. Cell walls of cdc1-314ts mutants contain large amounts of GPI proteins that are easily released by β-glucanases and not attached to cell wall β1,6-glucans and that retain their original GPI anchor lipid. This suggests that the presumed transglycosidases Dfg5 and Dcw1 of cdc1-314ts transfer GPI proteins to cell wall β1,6-glucans inefficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector M Vazquez
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christine Vionnet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carole Roubaty
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Conzelmann
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Teparić R, Mrsa V. Proteins involved in building, maintaining and remodeling of yeast cell walls. Curr Genet 2014; 59:171-85. [PMID: 23959528 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-013-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall defines the shape and provides osmotic stability to the yeast cell. It also serves to anchor proteins required for communication of the yeast cell with surrounding molecules and other cells. It is synthesized as a complex structure with β-1,3-glucan chains forming the basic network to which β-1,6-glucan, chitin and a number of mannoproteins are attached. Synthesis, maintaining and remodeling of this complex structure require a set of different synthases, hydrolases and transglycosidases whose concerted activities provide necessary firmness but at the same time flexibility of the wall moiety. The present state of comprehension of the interplay of these proteins in the yeast cell wall is the subject of this article.
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Yang N, Yu Z, Jia D, Xie Z, Zhang K, Xia Z, Lei L, Qiao M. The contribution of Pir protein family to yeast cell surface display. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2897-905. [PMID: 24493571 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteins with internal repeats (Pir) in the Baker's yeast are located on the cell wall and include four highly homologous members. Recently, Pir proteins have become increasingly used as anchor proteins in yeast cell surface display systems. These display systems are classified into three types: N-terminal fusion, C-terminal fusion, and inserted fusion. In addition to the GPI (glycosylphosphatidyl inositol) and the FL/FS anchor proteins, these three Pir-based systems significantly increase the choices for target proteins to be displayed. Furthermore, Pir proteins can also be used as a fusion partner for target proteins to be effectively secreted into culture medium. Here, we summarize the development and application of Pir proteins as anchor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
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Inokuma K, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Efficient yeast cell-surface display of exo- and endo-cellulase using the SED1 anchoring region and its original promoter. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:8. [PMID: 24423072 PMCID: PMC3900695 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recombinant yeast strains displaying the heterologous cellulolytic enzymes on the cell surface using the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring system are considered promising biocatalysts for direct conversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol. However, the cellulolytic activities of the conventional cellulase-displaying yeast strains are insufficient for the hydrolysis of cellulose. In this study, we constructed novel gene cassettes for the efficient cellulose utilization by cellulase-displaying yeast strains. RESULTS The novel gene cassettes for the cell-surface display of Aspergillus aculeatus β-glucosidase (BGL1) and Trichoderma reeseii endoglucanase II (EGII) were constructed using the promoter and the GPI anchoring region derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae SED1. The gene cassettes were integrated into the S. cerevisiae genome, then the β-glucosidase activity of these recombinant strains was evaluated. We revealed that simultaneous utilization of the SED1 promoter and Sed1 anchoring domain in a gene cassette enabled highly-efficient enzyme integration into the cell wall. The β-glucosidase activity of recombinant yeast cells transduced with the novel gene cassette was 8.4-fold higher than that of a conventional strain. The novel EGII-displaying strain also achieved 106-fold higher hydrolysis activity against the water-insoluble cellulose than a conventional strain. Furthermore, direct ethanol production from hydrothermally processed rice straw was improved by the display of T. reeseii EGII using the novel gene cassette. CONCLUSIONS We have developed novel gene cassettes for the efficient cell-surface display of exo- and endo-type cellulolytic enzymes. The results suggest that this gene cassette has the wide applicability for cell-surface display and that cellulase-displaying yeasts have significant potential for cost-effective bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inokuma
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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