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Roquet-Banères F, Alcaraz M, Hamela C, Abendroth J, Edwards TE, Kremer L. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of NITD-916 against Mycobacterium fortuitum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0160722. [PMID: 36920188 PMCID: PMC10112203 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01607-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium fortuitum represents one of the most clinically relevant rapid-growing mycobacterial species. Treatments are complex due to antibiotic resistance and to severe side effects of effective drugs, prolonged time of treatment, and co-infection with other pathogens. Herein, we explored the activity of NITD-916, a direct inhibitor of the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA of the type II fatty acid synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We found that this compound displayed very low MIC values against a panel of M. fortuitum clinical strains and exerted potent antimicrobial activity against M. fortuitum in macrophages. Remarkably, the compound was also highly efficacious in a zebrafish model of infection. Short duration treatments were sufficient to significantly protect the infected larvae from M. fortuitum-induced killing, which correlated with reduced bacterial burdens and abscesses. Biochemical analyses demonstrated an inhibition of de novo synthesis of mycolic acids. Resolving the crystal structure of the InhAMFO in complex with NAD and NITD-916 confirmed that NITD-916 is a direct inhibitor of InhAMFO. Importantly, single nucleotide polymorphism leading to a G96S substitution in InhAMFO conferred high resistance levels to NITD-916, thus resolving its target in M. fortuitum. Overall, these findings indicate that NITD-916 is highly active against M. fortuitum both in vitro and in vivo and should be considered in future preclinical evaluations for the treatment of M. fortuitum pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Roquet-Banères
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthéo Alcaraz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Hamela
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan Abendroth
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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Iwao Y, Nakata N. Roles of the three Mycobacterium smegmatis katG genes for peroxide detoxification and isoniazid susceptibility. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:158-167. [PMID: 29345334 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three different katG sequences (katGI, katGII and katGIII) were identified in the Mycobacterium smegmatis genome. The contributions of the three katG genes to survival of the bacterium were examined by constructing disruptants of these three genes. The katGIII sequence did not produce a functional catalase-peroxidase. Analyses of peroxidase activity and mRNA expression revealed that in wild type M. smegmatis, expression dominance between KatGI and KatGII was switched in the exponential and stationary growth phases. Susceptibility of the M. smegmatis gene disruptants to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was tested in two growth phases. In the exponential phase, the katGI-null strain was more susceptible to H2 O2 than the katGII-null strain, indicating that KatGI plays a more important role in survival than KatGII in this growth phase. In contrast, in the stationary phase, growth of the katGII-null strain was inhibited at lower concentrations of H2 O2 . These results suggest that M. smegmatis has two types of catalase-peroxidases, expressions of which are controlled under different gene regulatory systems. Isoniazid (INH) susceptibilities of the katG-null strains were also examined and it was found that katGI is a major determinant of M. smegmatis susceptibility to INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Iwao
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Noboru Nakata
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
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Phelan J, Maitra A, McNerney R, Nair M, Gupta A, Coll F, Pain A, Bhakta S, Clark TG. The draft genome of Mycobacterium aurum, a potential model organism for investigating drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:207-16. [PMID: 27649868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium aurum (M. aurum) is an environmental mycobacteria that has previously been used in studies of anti-mycobacterial drugs due to its fast growth rate and low pathogenicity. The M. aurum genome has been sequenced and assembled into 46 contigs, with a total length of 6.02Mb containing 5684 annotated protein-coding genes. A phylogenetic analysis using whole genome alignments positioned M. aurum close to Mycobacterium vaccae and Mycobacterium vanbaalenii, within a clade related to fast-growing mycobacteria. Large-scale genomic rearrangements were identified by comparing the M. aurum genome to those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. M. aurum orthologous genes implicated in resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in M. tuberculosis were observed. The sequence identity at the DNA level varied from 68.6% for pncA (pyrazinamide drug-related) to 96.2% for rrs (streptomycin, capreomycin). We observed two homologous genes encoding the catalase-peroxidase enzyme (katG) that is associated with resistance to isoniazid. Similarly, two embB homologues were identified in the M. aurum genome. In addition to describing for the first time the genome of M. aurum, this work provides a resource to aid the use of M. aurum in studies to develop improved drugs for the pathogenic mycobacteria M. tuberculosis and M. leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Arundhati Maitra
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth McNerney
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Mridul Nair
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antima Gupta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc Coll
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Arnab Pain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Actinobacterial peroxidases: an unexplored resource for biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:681-713. [PMID: 21279698 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases are redox enzymes that can be found in all forms of life where they play diverse roles. It is therefore not surprising that they can also be applied in a wide range of industrial applications. Peroxidases have been extensively studied with particular emphasis on those isolated from fungi and plants. In general, peroxidases can be grouped into haem-containing and non-haem-containing peroxidases, each containing protein families that share sequence similarity. The order Actinomycetales comprises a large group of bacteria that are often exploited for their diverse metabolic capabilities, and with recent increases in the number of sequenced genomes, it has become clear that this metabolically diverse group of organisms also represents a large resource for redox enzymes. It is therefore surprising that, to date, no review article has been written on the wide range of peroxidases found within the actinobacteria. In this review article, we focus on the different types of peroxidases found in actinobacteria, their natural role in these organisms and how they compare with the more well-described peroxidases. Finally, we also focus on work remaining to be done in this research field in order for peroxidases from actinobacteria to be applied in industrial processes.
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Núñez MC, Menéndez MC, Rebollo MJ, García MJ. Transcriptional analysis of Mycobacterium fortuitum cultures upon hydrogen peroxide treatment using the novel standard rrnA-P1. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:100. [PMID: 18565220 PMCID: PMC2443159 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of an intracellular pathogen to establish infection depends on the capacity of the organism to survive and replicate inside the host. Mycobacterium fortuitum is a bacteria that contains genes involved in the detoxification of the oxygen reactive species such as those produced by the host during the infection. In this work, we investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the transcription and expression of these genes by developing a real time quantitative PCR technique (qRT-PCR) using the ribosomal promoter region (rrnA-P1) as reference product for quantification of the mRNA levels. RESULTS M. fortuitum cultures were treated with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0.02 to 20 mM) during several periods of time (30 to 120 minutes). The activity of the enzymes KatGII and SodA, and the transcription of corresponding genes were evaluated. The transcriptional regulator furAII gene was also studied. The ribosomal promoter region rrnA-P1 was validated as referential product under the stress conditions checked by qRT-PCR. Minor changes were observed under the conditions tested except when bacteria were incubated in the presence of 20 mM hydrogen peroxide. Under those conditions, the levels of transcription of the three genes under study increased at 30 minutes of treatment. The viability of the bacteria was not influenced under the conditions tested. CONCLUSION In this work, we have quantified transcriptional responses to stress suggesting that, the opportunistic pathogen M. fortuitum is more resistant and differs in behaviour in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, when compared to the major pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the saprophyte Mycobacterium smegmatis. Besides, we demonstrate the mycobacterial non-coding region rrnA-P1 to be a suitable reference product in the analysis of qRT-PCR transcriptional data of M. fortuitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Núñez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, c/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia del INIA, Carretera de La Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Menéndez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, c/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Rebollo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, c/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Diseases of the Developing World, Molecular Drug Discovery, C/Severo Ochoa, n° 2, 28760-Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J García
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, c/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
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Miller CD, Hall K, Liang YN, Nieman K, Sorensen D, Issa B, Anderson AJ, Sims RC. Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading Mycobacterium isolates from soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2004; 48:230-8. [PMID: 15107954 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-003-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2003] [Accepted: 08/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of soils contaminated with wood preservatives containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is desired because of their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. Creosote wood preservative-contaminated soils at the Champion International Superfund Site in Libby, Montana currently undergo bioremediation in a prepared-bed land treatment unit (LTU) process. Microbes isolated from these LTU soils rapidly mineralized the (14)C-labeled PAH pyrene in the LTU soil. Gram staining, electron microscopy, and 16S rDNA-sequencing revealed that three of these bacteria, JLS, KMS, and MCS, were Mycobacterium strains. The phylogeny of the 16S rDNA showed that they were distinct from other Mycobacterium isolates with PAH-degrading activities. Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozyme profiles confirmed that each isolate was distinct from each other and from the PAH-degrading mycobacterium, Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov, isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil. We find that dioxygenase genes nidA and nidB are present in each of the Libby Mycobacterium isolates and are adjacent to each other in the sequence nidB-nidA, an order that is unique to the PAH-degrading mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Miller
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Ro YT, Lee HI, Kim EJ, Koo JH, Kim E, Kim YM. Purification, characterization, and physiological response of a catalase-peroxidase in Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1 DSM 3803 grown on methanol. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 226:397-403. [PMID: 14553939 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel catalase-peroxidase (CP) from methanol-grown cells of Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1 was purified. The CP exhibited properties of both typical mycobacterial CPs (i.e. strict pH optimum, labile to heat treatment, capable of oxidizing NADH, and resistant to inhibition by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) and true catalases (i.e. stable against ethanol-chloroform treatment). The enzyme oxidized methanol and shared common antigenic groups with other mycobacteria. Isoniazid had almost no effect on the growth and expression of CP but inhibited the enzyme activity to some extent. Sodium nitroprusside arrested the growth but strongly stimulated the expression of CP with a concomitant increase in activity after the mid-exponential growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Tae Ro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
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8
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Long S, Salin ML. Molecular cloning, sequencing analysis and expression of the catalase-peroxidase gene from Halobacterium salinarum. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2001; 12:39-51. [PMID: 11702717 DOI: 10.3109/10425170109042049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding catalase-peroxidase was cloned from chromosomal DNA from the Archaea, Halobacterium salinarum. The nucleotide sequence of a 3.5 kb fragment, containing the catalase-peroxidase gene and its flanking regions was determined. A 2.16 kb open reading frame was obtained, encoding the enzyme which was comprised of 720 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 80 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the H. salinarum catalase-peroxidase showed a high degree of identity to other bifunctional catalase-peroxidases. A transcriptional start site was identified 183 bp upstream of the translational start codon. Southern blot analysis indicated that catalase-peroxidase was a single copy gene. The Archaeal catalase-peroxidase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expressed fusion protein exhibited both catalase and peroxidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Abstract
Catalase-peroxidases belong to Class I of the plant, fungal, bacterial peroxidase superfamily, together with yeast cytochrome c peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidases. Obviously these bifunctional enzymes arose via gene duplication of an ancestral hydroperoxidase. A 230-residues long homologous region exists in all eukaryotic members of Class I, which is present twice in both prokaryotic and archaeal catalase-peroxidases. The overall structure of eukaryotic Class I peroxidases may be retained in both halves of catalase-peroxidases, with major insertions in several loops, some of which may participate in inter-domain or inter-subunit interactions. Interspecies distances in unrooted phylogenetic trees, analysis of sequence similarities in distinct structural regions, as well as hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA) suggest that one single tandem duplication had already occurred in the common ancestor prior to the segregation of the archaeal and eubacterial lines. The C-terminal halves of extant catalase-peroxidases clearly did not accumulate random changes, so prolonged periods of independent evolution of the duplicates can be ruled out. Fusion of both copies must have occurred still very early or even in the course of the duplication. We suggest that the sparse representatives of eukaryotic catalase-peroxidases go back to lateral gene transfer, and that, except for several fungi, only single copy hydroperoxidases occur in the eukaryotic lineage. The N-terminal halves of catalase-peroxidases, which reveal higher homology with the single-copy members of the superfamily, obviously are catalytically active, whereas the C-terminal halves of the bifunctional enzymes presumably control the access to the haem pocket and facilitate stable folding. The bifunctional nature of catalase-peroxidases can be ascribed to several unique sequence peculiarities conserved among all N-terminal halves, which most likely will affect the properties of both haem ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zámocký
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Vienna, and Ludwig Boltzmann Forschungsstelle, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Wang RF, Wennerstrom D, Cao WW, Khan AA, Cerniglia CE. Cloning, expression, and characterization of the katG gene, encoding catalase-peroxidase, from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4300-4. [PMID: 11010873 PMCID: PMC92299 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.10.4300-4304.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 81-kDa protein from Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 was expressed in response to exposure of the strain to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene and recovered by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal sequence of the protein indicated that it was similar to catalase-peroxidase. An oligonucleotide probe designed from this sequence was used to screen a genomic library of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1, and a positive clone, containing a part of the gene encoding the 81-kDa protein, was isolated. A gene-walking technique was used to sequence the entire gene, which was identified as katG for catalase-peroxidase. The deduced KatG protein sequence showed significant homology to KatGII of Mycobacterium fortuitum and clustered with catalase-peroxidase proteins from other Mycobacterium species in a phylogenetic tree. The katG gene was expressed in Escherichia coli to produce a protein with catalase-peroxidase activity. Since the induction of this catalase-peroxidase occurred in pyrene-induced cultures and the exposure of these cultures to hydrogen peroxide reduced pyrene metabolism, our data suggest that this enzyme plays a role in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by strain PYR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Wang
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Hahn JS, Oh SY, Roe JH. Regulation of the furA and catC operon, encoding a ferric uptake regulator homologue and catalase-peroxidase, respectively, in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 2000; 182:3767-74. [PMID: 10850993 PMCID: PMC94549 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.13.3767-3774.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated the catC gene, encoding catalase-peroxidase in Streptomyces coelicolor, using sequence homology with the katG gene from Escherichia coli. Upstream of the catC gene, an open reading frame (furA) encoding a homologue of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) was identified. S1 mapping analysis indicated that the furA gene was cotranscribed with the catC gene. The transcriptional start site of the furA-catC mRNA was mapped to the translation start codon ATG of the furA gene. The putative promoter contains consensus -10 and -35 elements similar to those recognized by sigma(HrdB), the major sigma factor of S. coelicolor. The transcripts were produced maximally at late-exponential phase and decreased at the stationary phase in liquid culture. The change in the amount of mRNA was consistent with that of CatC protein and enzyme activity. When the furA gene was introduced into S. lividans on a multicopy plasmid, the increased production of catC transcripts and protein product at late growth phase was inhibited, implying a role for FurA as the negative regulator of the furA-catC operon. FurA protein bound to its own promoter region between -59 and -39 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The binding affinity of FurA increased under reducing conditions and in the presence of metals such as Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), or Fe(2+). Addition of these metals to the growth medium decreased the production of CatC protein, consistent with the role of FurA as a metal-dependent repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hahn
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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12
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Vera-Cabrera L, Johnson WM, Welsh O, Resendiz-Uresti FL, Salinas-Carmona MC. Distribution of a Nocardia brasiliensis catalase gene fragment in members of the genera Nocardia, Gordona, and Rhodococcus. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1971-6. [PMID: 10325357 PMCID: PMC84999 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.6.1971-1976.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunodominant protein from Nocardia brasiliensis, P61, was subjected to amino-terminal and internal sequence analysis. Three sequences of 22, 17, and 38 residues, respectively, were obtained and compared with the protein database from GenBank by using the BLAST system. The sequences showed homology to some eukaryotic catalases and to a bromoperoxidase-catalase from Streptomyces violaceus. Its identity as a catalase was confirmed by analysis of its enzymatic activity on H2O2 and by a double-staining method on a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and ferricyanide; the result showed only catalase activity, but no peroxidase. By using one of the internal amino acid sequences and a consensus catalase motif (VGNNTP), we were able to design a PCR assay that generated a 500-bp PCR product. The amplicon was analyzed, and the nucleotide sequence was compared to the GenBank database with the observation of high homology to other bacterial and eukaryotic catalases. A PCR assay based on this target sequence was performed with primers NB10 and NB11 to confirm the presence of the NB10-NB11 gene fragment in several N. brasiliensis strains isolated from mycetoma. The same assay was used to determine whether there were homologous sequences in several type strains from the genera Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordona, and Streptomyces. All of the N. brasiliensis strains presented a positive result but only some of the actinomycetes species tested were positive in the PCR assay. In order to confirm these findings, genomic DNA was subjected to Southern blot analysis. A 1.7-kbp band was observed in the N. brasiliensis strains, and bands of different molecular weight were observed in cross-reacting actinomycetes. Sequence analysis of the amplicons of selected actinomycetes showed high homology in this catalase fragment, thus demonstrating that this protein is highly conserved in this group of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vera-Cabrera
- Departamentos de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, U.A.N.L., Monterrey, N.L., México
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Garcia E, Nedialkov YA, Elliott J, Motin VL, Brubaker RR. Molecular characterization of KatY (antigen 5), a thermoregulated chromosomally encoded catalase-peroxidase of Yersinia pestis. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:3114-22. [PMID: 10322012 PMCID: PMC93766 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.10.3114-3122.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first temperature-dependent proteins (expressed at 37 degrees C, but not 26 degrees C) to be identified in Yersinia pestis were antigens 3 (fraction 1), 4 (pH 6 antigen), and 5 (hereafter termed KatY). Antigens 3 and 4 are now established virulence factors, whereas little is known about KatY, except that it is encoded chromosomally, produced in abundance, possesses modest catalase activity, and is shared by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, but not Yersinia enterocolitica. We report here an improved chromatographic method (DEAE-cellulose, calcium hydroxylapatite, and Sephadex G-150) that yields enzymatically active KatY (2,423 U/mg of protein). Corresponding mouse monoclonal antibody 1B70.1 detected plasminogen activator-mediated hydrolysis of KatY, and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against outer membranes of Y. pestis was enriched for anti-KatY. A sequenced approximately 16-kb Y. pestis DNA insert of a positive pLG338 clone indicated that katY encodes an 81.4-kDa protein (pI 6.98) containing a leader sequence of 2.6 kDa; the deduced molecular mass and pI of processed KatY were 78.8 kDa and 6. 43, respectively. A minor truncated variant (predicted molecular mass of 53.6 kDa) was also expressed. KatY is similar (39 to 59% identity) to vegetative bacterial catalase-peroxidases (KatG in Escherichia coli) and is closely related to plasmid-encoded KatP of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (75% identity). katY encoded a putative Ca2+-binding site, and its promoter contained three homologues to the consensus recognition sequence of the pCD-encoded transcriptional activator LcrF. rbsA was located upstream of katY, and cybB, cybC, dmsABC, and araD were mapped downstream. These genes are not linked to katG or katP in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia
- Human Genome Center, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Rafii F, Lunsford P, Hehman G, Cerniglia CE. Detection and purification of a catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 173:285-90. [PMID: 10227157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1, a strain capable of growth on pyrene, was purified to homogeneity by anion exchange and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The enzyme, like the M. tuberculosis T-catalase, reduced nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of isoniazid (INH) and H2O2. It also oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and other substrates of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis in the presence of either tert-butyl hydroperoxide or H2O2. It had a UV/ visible absorption spectrum (Soret peak at 406 nm) similar to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis (Soret peak at 408 nm) and identical to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. smegmatis. After electrophoresis on non-denaturing gels the enzyme showed one single protein band with both catalase and peroxidase activity, which were lost after electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was inhibited by sodium azide, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, and isoniazid, but not by isonicotinic acid. The optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and at 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rafii
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Cannac-Caffrey V, Hudry-Clergeon G, Pétillot Y, Gagnon J, Zaccai G, Franzetti B. The protein sequence of an archaeal catalase-peroxidase. Biochimie 1998; 80:1003-11. [PMID: 9924978 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(99)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a catalase-peroxidase of archaeal origin, the halophilic catalase-peroxidase from Haloarcula marismortui, was sequenced. The primary structure proposed was confirmed by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry analyses of proteolytic fragments of the purified protein. The open reading frame in the gene corresponds to 731 amino acids and the calculated mass of the mature protein (deleted of the N-terminal methionine) is 81,253.65 Da, in reasonable agreement with the value of 81,292 +/- 9 Da previously measured by mass spectrometry. Southern and Northern blot analyses showed that the protein is encoded by a single gene as a monocistronic transcript. The protein sequence shows a high level of identity with bacterial catalase-peroxidases, with strongly conserved regions around the heme binding histidines. Similarly to other soluble halophilic proteins, it shows the excess of acidic residues that has been associated with solvation in halophilic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cannac-Caffrey
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre-Ebel, CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
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