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Mohammed EZ, El-Dydamony NM, Taha EA, Taha MN, Mehany ABM, Abdel Aziz HA, Abd El-Aleam RH. Design, synthesis, and molecular dynamic simulations of some novel benzo[d]thiazoles with anti-virulence activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116880. [PMID: 39303517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) is an impending approach for targeting bacterial infection. Fourteen benzo[d]thiazole and 2-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazoles analogues were designed and synthesized as promising LasR antagonists with QS inhibition activity. Among the investigated compounds, compounds 3c, 3e, and 8d exhibited the highest percentage inhibition in biofilm formation (77 %, 63.9 %, 69.4 %), pyocyanin production (74.6 %, 64.9, 69.4 %), and rhamnolipids production (58.5 %, 51 %, 54.3 %) in P. aeruginosa, respectively. Additionally, compounds 3c, 3e and 8d achieved IC50 values against Las R equal 1.37 ± 0.35, 1.55 ± 0.24, 1.1 ± 0.15 μM respectively. Also, molecular docking of the target compounds into the LasR binding site co-crystalized "odDHL" revealed their binding with the essential residues for protein inhibition. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) experiments over 200 ns of compound 3c showed its ability to interact with the LasR binding site with dissociation of the protein's dimer confirming its action as a LasR antagonist. The obtained findings inspire further investigation for benzo[d]thiazole and 2-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazoles aiming to design and synthesize more potential QS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Z Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Nehad M El-Dydamony
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Enas A Taha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mostafa N Taha
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O.Box 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria, 21648, Egypt.
| | - Rehab H Abd El-Aleam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information MTI, Cairo, 11571, Egypt
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2
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Alasiri A, Soltane R, Taha MN, Abd El-Aleam RH, Alshehri F, Sayed AM. Bakuchiol inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa's quorum sensing-dependent biofilm formation by selectively inhibiting its transcriptional activator protein LasR. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128025. [PMID: 37979739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized Bakuchiol (Bak) as a new potent quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Upon extensive in vitro investigations, Bak was found to suppress the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation (75.5 % inhibition) and its associated virulence factor e.g., pyocyanin and rhamnolipids (% of inhibition = 71.5 % and 66.9 %, respectively). Upon LuxR-type receptors assay, Bak was found to selectively inhibit P. aeruginosa's LasR in a dose-dependent manner. Further in-depth molecular investigations (e.g., sedimentation velocity and thermal shift assays) revealed that Bak destabilized LasR upon binding and disrupted its functioning quaternary structure (i.e., the functioning dimeric form). The subsequent modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations explained in more molecular detail how Bak interacts with LasR and how it can induce its dimeric form disruption. In conclusion, our study identified Bak as a potent and specific LasR antagonist that should be widely used as a chemical probe of QS in P. aeruginosa, offering new insights into LasR antagonism processes. The new findings shed light on the cryptic world of LuxR-type QS in this important opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Alasiri
- Department of Biology, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Biology, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mostafa N Taha
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Rehab H Abd El-Aleam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information MTI, Cairo 11571, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq.
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3
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Soltane R, Alasiri A, Taha MN, Abd El-Aleam RH, Alghamdi KS, Ghareeb MA, Keshek DEG, Cardoso SM, Sayed AM. Norlobaridone Inhibits Quorum Sensing-Dependent Biofilm Formation and Some Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Disrupting Its Transcriptional Activator Protein LasR Dimerization. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1573. [PMID: 38002255 PMCID: PMC10669572 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, norlobaridone (NBD) was isolated from Parmotrema and then evaluated as a new potent quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. This phenolic natural product was found to reduce P. aeruginosa biofilm formation (64.6% inhibition) and its related virulence factors, such as pyocyanin and rhamnolipids (% inhibition = 61.1% and 55%, respectively). In vitro assays inhibitory effects against a number of known LuxR-type receptors revealed that NBD was able to specifically block P. aeruginosa's LasR in a dose-dependent manner. Further molecular studies (e.g., sedimentation velocity and thermal shift assays) demonstrated that NBD destabilized LasR upon binding and damaged its functional quaternary structure (i.e., the functional dimeric form). The use of modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations also allowed us to further understand its interaction with LasR, and how this can disrupt its dimeric form. Finally, our findings show that NBD is a powerful and specific LasR antagonist that should be widely employed as a chemical probe in QS of P. aeruginosa, providing new insights into LasR antagonism processes. The new discoveries shed light on the mysterious world of LuxR-type QS in this key opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahlam Alasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mostafa N. Taha
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62764, Egypt;
| | - Rehab H. Abd El-Aleam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt;
| | - Kawthar Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39511, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mosad A. Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt;
| | - Doaa El-Ghareeb Keshek
- Department of Biology, Jumum College University, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center, Giza 11571, Egypt
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
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4
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Molecular Mechanisms and Applications of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing in Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217584. [PMID: 36364411 PMCID: PMC9654057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biodiversity includes biotic and abiotic components that support all life forms by adapting to environmental conditions. Climate change, pollution, human activity, and natural calamities affect microbial biodiversity. Microbes have diverse growth conditions, physiology, and metabolism. Bacteria use signaling systems such as quorum sensing (QS) to regulate cellular interactions via small chemical signaling molecules which also help with adaptation under undesirable survival conditions. Proteobacteria use acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules as autoinducers to sense population density and modulate gene expression. The LuxI-type enzymes synthesize AHL molecules, while the LuxR-type proteins (AHL transcriptional regulators) bind to AHLs to regulate QS-dependent gene expression. Diverse AHLs have been identified, and the diversity extends to AHL synthases and AHL receptors. This review comprehensively explains the molecular diversity of AHL signaling components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacterium violaceum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Escherichia coli. The regulatory mechanism of AHL signaling is also highlighted in this review, which adds to the current understanding of AHL signaling in Gram-negative bacteria. We summarize molecular diversity among well-studied QS systems and recent advances in the role of QS proteins in bacterial cellular signaling pathways. This review describes AHL-dependent QS details in bacteria that can be employed to understand their features, improve environmental adaptation, and develop broad biomolecule-based biotechnological applications.
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Cui F, Xi L, Wang D, Tan X, Li J, Li T. Functional magnetic nanoparticles combined with molecular dynamics technology to screen quorum sensing inhibitors from natural substances: Accuracy, efficiency and high throughput. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Castillo‐Gómez O, Ramírez‐Rivera VM, Canto‐Canché BB, Valdez‐Ojeda RA. Experimental design of a simple medium for the bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeriand mathematical modelling for growth estimation. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:859-869. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odette Castillo‐Gómez
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Mérida Mexico
| | | | | | - Ruby A. Valdez‐Ojeda
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Mérida Mexico
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7
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Kimbrough JH, Stabb EV. Comparative analysis reveals regulatory motifs at the ainS/ainR pheromone-signaling locus of Vibrio fischeri. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11734. [PMID: 28916743 PMCID: PMC5601948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fischeri uses the AinS/AinR pheromone-signaling system to control bioluminescence and other symbiotic colonization factors. The Ain system is thought to initiate cell-cell signaling at moderate cell densities and to prime the LuxI/LuxR signaling system. Here we compared and analyzed the ain locus from two V. fischeri strains and a Vibrio salmonicida strain to explore ain regulation. The ainS and ainR genes were predicted to constitute an operon, which we corroborated using RT-PCR. Comparisons between strains revealed a stark area of conservation across the ainS-ainR junction, including a large inverted repeat in ainR. We found that this inverted repeat in cis can affect accumulation of the AinS-generated pheromone N-octanoyl homoserine lactone, which may account for the previously unexplained low-signal phenotype of a ∆ainR mutant, although the mechanism behind this regulation remains elusive. We also extended the previous observation of a possible “lux box” LuxR binding site upstream of ainS by showing the conservation of this site as well as a second putative lux box. Using a plasmid-based reporter we found that LuxR can mediate repression of ainS, providing a negative feedback mechanism in the Ain/Lux signaling cascade. Our results provide new insights into the regulation, expression, and evolution of ainSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Kimbrough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Eric V Stabb
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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8
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Bongrand C, Koch EJ, Moriano-Gutierrez S, Cordero OX, McFall-Ngai M, Polz MF, Ruby EG. A genomic comparison of 13 symbiotic Vibrio fischeri isolates from the perspective of their host source and colonization behavior. THE ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2907-2917. [PMID: 27128997 PMCID: PMC5148191 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Newly hatched Euprymna scolopes squid obtain their specific light-organ symbionts from an array of Vibrio (Allivibrio) fischeri strains present in their environment. Two genetically distinct populations of this squid species have been identified, one in Kaneohe Bay (KB), and another in Maunaloa Bay (MB), Oahu. We asked whether symbionts isolated from squid in each of these populations outcompete isolates from the other population in mixed-infection experiments. No relationship was found between a strain's host source (KB or MB) and its ability to competitively colonize KB or MB juveniles in a mixed inoculum. Instead, two colonization behaviors were identified among the 11 KB and MB strains tested: a 'dominant' outcome, in which one strain outcompetes the other for colonization, and a 'sharing' outcome, in which two strains co-colonize the squid. A genome-level comparison of these and other V. fischeri strains suggested that the core genomic structure of this species is both syntenous and highly conserved over time and geographical distance. We also identified ~250 Kb of sequence, encoding 194 dispersed orfs, that was specific to those strains that expressed the dominant colonization behavior. Taken together, the results indicate a link between the genome content of V. fischeri strains and their colonization behavior when initiating a light-organ symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Bongrand
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric J Koch
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Silvia Moriano-Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Otto X Cordero
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin F Polz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward G Ruby
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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9
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Wang X, Yue J, Ding C, Wang S, Liu B, Tian M, Yu S. Deletion of AS87_03730 gene changed the bacterial virulence and gene expression of Riemerella anatipestifer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22438. [PMID: 26928424 PMCID: PMC4772473 DOI: 10.1038/srep22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important pathogen of waterfowl, which causes septicemia anserum exsudativa in ducks. In this study, an AS87_03730 gene deletion R. anatipestifer mutant Yb2ΔAS87_03730 was constructed to investigate the role of AS87_03730 on R. anatipestifer virulence and gene regulation. By deleting a 708-bp fragment from AS87_03730, the mutant Yb2ΔAS87_03730 showed a significant decreased growth rate in TSB and invasion capacity in Vero cells, compared to wild-type strain Yb2. Moreover, the median lethal dose (LD50) of Yb2ΔAS87_03730 was 1.24 × 107 colony forming units (CFU), which is about 80-fold attenuated than that of Yb2 (LD50 = 1.53 × 105 CFU). Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis and Real-time PCR indicated 19 up-regulated and two down-regulated genes in Yb2ΔAS87_03730. Functional analysis revealed that 12 up-regulated genes were related to “Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis”, two were classified into “Cell envelope biogenesis, outer membrane”, one was involved in “Amino acid transport and metabolism”, and the other four had unknown functions. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis indicated that the AS87_03730 gene is highly conserved among R. anatipestifer strains, as the percent sequence identity was over 93.5%. This study presents evidence that AS87_03730 gene is involved in bacterial virulence and gene regulation of R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaping Yue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, P. R. China
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Lin L, Dai S, Tian B, Li T, Yu J, Liu C, Wang L, Xu H, Zhao Y, Hua Y. DqsIR quorum sensing-mediated gene regulation of the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans in response to oxidative stress. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:527-41. [PMID: 26789904 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that AHLs can be employed by Deinococcus radiodurans, which belongs to the unique phylum Deinococcus-Thermus and is known for its cellular resistance to environmental stresses. An AHL-mediated quorum-sensing system (DqsI/DqsR) was identified in D. radiodurans. We found that under non-stress conditions, the AHL level was "shielded" by quorum quenching enzymes, whereas AHLs accumulated when D. radiodurans was exposed to oxidative stress. Upon exposure to H2 O2 , AHL synthetic enzymes (DqsI) were immediately induced, while the expression of quorum-quenching enzymes began to increase approximately 30 min after exposure to H2 O2 , as shown by time-course analyses of gene expression. Both dqsI mutant (DMDqsI) and dqsR mutant (MDqsR) were more sensitive to oxidative stress compared with the wild-type strain. Exogenous AHLs (5 μM) could completely restore the survival fraction of DMDqsI under oxidative stress. RNA-seq analysis showed that a number of genes involved in stress-response, cellular cleansing, and DNA repair had altered transcriptional levels in MDqsR. The DqsR, acting as a regulator of quorum sensing, controls gene expression along with AHLs. Hence, the DqsIR-mediated quorum sensing that mediates gene regulation is an adaptive strategy for D. radiodurans in response to oxidative stresses and is conserved in the extremophilic Deinococcus bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangliu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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You R, Sun H, Yu Y, Lin Z, Qin M, Liu Y. Time-dependent hormesis of chemical mixtures: A case study on sulfa antibiotics and a quorum-sensing inhibitor of Vibrio fischeri. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:45-53. [PMID: 26645135 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfa antibiotics (SAs) and quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) may pose potential ecological risks because mixed using of them has been proposed to inhibit bacteria from generating antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the time-dependent hormesis of single and binary mixtures of QSI and SAs of Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) for 0-24 h. Although the low-dose SAs stimulated the expression of LuxR protein, the high-dose SAs could inhibit bacteria growth by competitively binding to dihydropteroate synthase. Moreover, AinR protein was bound to Benzofuran-3(2H)-one (B3O) with low concentration, thus the N-octanoyl homoserine lactone signal molecules (C8) has chance to bind to LuxR protein to promote light emission. The hormesis effect induced by the mixtures could be deduced that SAs promoted the expression of LuxR protein and B3O increases the chance of C8 binding to LuxR. Our findings facilitate new insight into the mechanistic study of hormesis and ecological risks of the chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian Province 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian Province 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University), Fujian Province University, China.
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengnan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
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12
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Gupta A, Gopal M, Thomas GV, Manikandan V, Gajewski J, Thomas G, Seshagiri S, Schuster SC, Rajesh P, Gupta R. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plantation crops coconut, cocoa and arecanut. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104259. [PMID: 25162593 PMCID: PMC4146471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coconut, cocoa and arecanut are commercial plantation crops that play a vital role in the Indian economy while sustaining the livelihood of more than 10 million Indians. According to 2012 Food and Agricultural organization's report, India is the third largest producer of coconut and it dominates the production of arecanut worldwide. In this study, three Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from coconut (CPCRI-1), cocoa (CPCRI-2) and arecanut (CPCRI-3) characterized for the PGP activities have been sequenced. The draft genome sizes were 4.7 Mb (56% GC), 5.9 Mb (63.6% GC) and 5.1 Mb (54.8% GB) for CPCRI-1, CPCRI-2, CPCRI-3, respectively. These genomes encoded 4056 (CPCRI-1), 4637 (CPCRI-2) and 4286 (CPCRI-3) protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CPCRI-1 and CPCRI-3 belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family, while, CPCRI-2 was a Pseudomonadaceae family member. Functional annotation of the genes predicted that all three bacteria encoded genes needed for mineral phosphate solubilization, siderophores, acetoin, butanediol, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, phenazine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, trehalose and quorum sensing molecules supportive of the plant growth promoting traits observed in the course of their isolation and characterization. Additionally, in all the three CPCRI PGPRs, we identified genes involved in synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which recently has been proposed to aid plant growth. The PGPRs also carried genes for central carbohydrate metabolism indicating that the bacteria can efficiently utilize the root exudates and other organic materials as energy source. Genes for production of peroxidases, catalases and superoxide dismutases that confer resistance to oxidative stresses in plants were identified. Besides these, genes for heat shock tolerance, cold shock tolerance and glycine-betaine production that enable bacteria to survive abiotic stress were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Gupta
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Murali Gopal
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - George V. Thomas
- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Vinu Manikandan
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd., Plot 43A, SDF 3rd Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - John Gajewski
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephan C. Schuster
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preeti Rajesh
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd., Plot 43A, SDF 3rd Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd., Plot 43A, SDF 3rd Floor CSEZ, Kakkanad, Cochin, Kerala, India
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Dunlap P. Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Bioluminescence. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 144:37-64. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Garg N, Manchanda G, Kumar A. Bacterial quorum sensing: circuits and applications. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 105:289-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Benndorf
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Magdeburg Germany
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Zhang C, Ye BC. Real-time measurement of quorum-sensing signal autoinducer 3OC6HSL by a FRET-based nanosensor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:849-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verma SC, Miyashiro T. Quorum sensing in the squid-Vibrio symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16386-401. [PMID: 23965960 PMCID: PMC3759917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is an intercellular form of communication that bacteria use to coordinate group behaviors such as biofilm formation and the production of antibiotics and virulence factors. The term quorum sensing was originally coined to describe the mechanism underlying the onset of luminescence production in cultures of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Luminescence and, more generally, quorum sensing are important for V. fischeri to form a mutualistic symbiosis with the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. The symbiosis is established when V. fischeri cells migrate via flagella-based motility from the surrounding seawater into a specialized structure injuvenile squid called the light organ. The cells grow to high cell densities within the light organ where the infection persists over the lifetime of the animal. A hallmark of a successful symbiosis is the luminescence produced by V. fischeri that camouflages the squid at night by eliminating its shadow within the water column. While the regulatory networks governing quorum sensing are critical for properly regulating V. fischeri luminescence within the squid light organ, they also regulate luminescence-independent processes during symbiosis. In this review, we discuss the quorum-sensing network of V. fischeri and highlight its impact at various stages during host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eberly College of Science, the Pennsylvania State University, 219 Wartik Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Bai Y, Patil SN, Bowden SD, Poulter S, Pan J, Salmond GPC, Welch M, Huck WTS, Abell C. Intra-species bacterial quorum sensing studied at single cell level in a double droplet trapping system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10570-81. [PMID: 23698779 PMCID: PMC3676854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the intra-species bacterial quorum sensing at the single cell level using a double droplet trapping system. Escherichia coli transformed to express the quorum sensing receptor protein, LasR, were encapsulated in microdroplets that were positioned adjacent to microdroplets containing the autoinducer, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)- l-homoserine lactone (OdDHL). Functional activation of the LasR protein by diffusion of the OdDHL across the droplet interface was measured by monitoring the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) from a LasR-dependent promoter. A threshold concentration of OdDHL was found to induce production of quorum-sensing associated GFP by E. coli. Additionally, we demonstrated that LasR-dependent activation of GFP expression was also initiated when the adjacent droplets contained single E. coli transformed with the OdDHL synthase gene, LasI, representing a simple quorum sensing circuit between two droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (S.N.P.); (J.P.); (W.T.S.H.)
| | - Santoshkumar N. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (S.N.P.); (J.P.); (W.T.S.H.)
| | - Steven D. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; E-Mails: (S.D.B.); (S.P.); (G.P.C.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Simon Poulter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; E-Mails: (S.D.B.); (S.P.); (G.P.C.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (S.N.P.); (J.P.); (W.T.S.H.)
| | - George P. C. Salmond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; E-Mails: (S.D.B.); (S.P.); (G.P.C.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; E-Mails: (S.D.B.); (S.P.); (G.P.C.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (S.N.P.); (J.P.); (W.T.S.H.)
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (S.N.P.); (J.P.); (W.T.S.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +44-1223-336-405
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Rader BA, Nyholm SV. Host/microbe interactions revealed through "omics" in the symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2012; 223:103-111. [PMID: 22983036 DOI: 10.1086/bblv223n1p103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The association between Euprymna scolopes, the Hawaiian bobtail squid, and Vibrio fischeri, a bioluminescent bacterium, has served as a model for beneficial symbioses for over 25 years. The experimental tractability of this association has helped researchers characterize many of the colonization events necessary for symbiosis. Recent technological advances, such as the sequenced genome of V. fischeri, DNA microarrays, and high-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics, have allowed for the identification of host and symbiont factors that are important in establishing and maintaining specificity in the association. We highlight some of these findings pertaining to quorum sensing, luminescence, responses to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns by the innate immune system of the host, and a diel rhythm that helps regulate the symbiont population. We also discuss how comparative genomics has allowed the identification of symbiont factors important for specificity and why sequencing the host's genome should be a priority for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Rader
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Abstract
The bioluminescence emitted by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is a particularly striking result of individual microbial cells co-ordinating a group behaviour. The genes responsible for light production are principally regulated by the LuxR-LuxI quorum-sensing system. In addition to LuxR-LuxI, numerous other genetic elements and environmental conditions control bioluminescence production. Efforts to mathematically model the LuxR-LuxI system are providing insight into the dynamics of this autoinduction behaviour. The Hawaiian squid Euprymna scolopes forms a natural symbiosis with V. fischeri, and utilizes the symbiont-derived bioluminescence for certain nocturnal behaviours, such as counterillumination. Recent work suggests that the tissue with which V. fischeri associates not only can detect bioluminescence but may also use this light to monitor the V. fischeri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Miyashiro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706-1521, USA.
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21
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Schleicher TR, Nyholm SV. Characterizing the host and symbiont proteomes in the association between the Bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the bacterium, Vibrio fischeri. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25649. [PMID: 21998678 PMCID: PMC3187790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the bioluminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, provides a unique opportunity to study host/microbe interactions within a natural microenvironment. Colonization of the squid light organ by V. fischeri begins a lifelong association with a regulated daily rhythm. Each morning the host expels an exudate from the light organ consisting of 95% of the symbiont population in addition to host hemocytes and shed epithelial cells. We analyzed the host and symbiont proteomes of adult squid exudate and surrounding light organ epithelial tissue using 1D- and 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) in an effort to understand the contribution of both partners to the maintenance of this association. These proteomic analyses putatively identified 1581 unique proteins, 870 proteins originating from the symbiont and 711 from the host. Identified host proteins indicate a role of the innate immune system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the symbiosis. Symbiont proteins detected enhance our understanding of the role of quorum sensing, two-component signaling, motility, and detoxification of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) inside the light organ. This study offers the first proteomic analysis of the symbiotic microenvironment of the adult light organ and provides the identification of proteins important to the regulation of this beneficial association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Schleicher
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Spencer V. Nyholm
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Tabei Y, Era M, Ogawa A, Morita H. Requirements for sulfur in cell density-independent induction of luminescence in Vibrio fischeri under nutrient-starved conditions. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:216-23. [PMID: 21656822 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the universal requirement for sulfur in living organisms, it is not known whether the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri is sulfur-dependent and how sulfur affects the intensity of its luminescence. In this study, we investigated the requirement for sulfur in V. fischeri luminescence under nutrient-starved conditions. Full induction of V. fischeri luminescence required MgSO(4); in artificial seawater cultures that lacked sufficient MgSO(4), its luminescence was not fully induced. This induction of luminescence was not dependent on autoinduction because the cell density of V. fischeri did not reach the critical threshold concentration. In addition to MgSO(4), this cell density-independent luminescence was induced or maintained by nontoxic concentrations of l-cysteine, sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate. Moreover, the addition of N -3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone and N -octanoyl homoserine lactone, which are known autoinducers in V. fischeri, did not induce luminescence under these conditions. This result suggested that the underlying mechanism of luminescence may be different from the known autoinduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tabei
- Faculty of Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Abbas CA, Sibirny AA. Genetic control of biosynthesis and transport of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides and construction of robust biotechnological producers. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:321-60. [PMID: 21646432 PMCID: PMC3122625 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00030-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin [7,8-dimethyl-10-(1'-d-ribityl)isoalloxazine, vitamin B₂] is an obligatory component of human and animal diets, as it serves as the precursor of flavin coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which are involved in oxidative metabolism and other processes. Commercially produced riboflavin is used in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry. Riboflavin synthesis starts from GTP and ribulose-5-phosphate and proceeds through pyrimidine and pteridine intermediates. Flavin nucleotides are synthesized in two consecutive reactions from riboflavin. Some microorganisms and all animal cells are capable of riboflavin uptake, whereas many microorganisms have distinct systems for riboflavin excretion to the medium. Regulation of riboflavin synthesis in bacteria occurs by repression at the transcriptional level by flavin mononucleotide, which binds to nascent noncoding mRNA and blocks further transcription (named the riboswitch). In flavinogenic molds, riboflavin overproduction starts at the stationary phase and is accompanied by derepression of enzymes involved in riboflavin synthesis, sporulation, and mycelial lysis. In flavinogenic yeasts, transcriptional repression of riboflavin synthesis is exerted by iron ions and not by flavins. The putative transcription factor encoded by SEF1 is somehow involved in this regulation. Most commercial riboflavin is currently produced or was produced earlier by microbial synthesis using special selected strains of Bacillus subtilis, Ashbya gossypii, and Candida famata. Whereas earlier RF overproducers were isolated by classical selection, current producers of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides have been developed using modern approaches of metabolic engineering that involve overexpression of structural and regulatory genes of the RF biosynthetic pathway as well as genes involved in the overproduction of the purine precursor of riboflavin, GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andriy A. Sibirny
- Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
- University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
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24
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Eberl L, Riedel K. Mining quorum sensing regulated proteins - Role of bacterial cell-to-cell communication in global gene regulation as assessed by proteomics. Proteomics 2011; 11:3070-85. [PMID: 21548094 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Eberl
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Calasso M, Gobbetti M. Proteomics of the bacterial cross-talk by quorum sensing. J Proteomics 2011; 74:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Ariyakumar DS, Nishiguchi MK. Characterization of two host-specific genes, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (mshA) and uridyl phosphate dehydrogenase (UDPDH) that are involved in the Vibrio fischeri-Euprymna tasmanica mutualism. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 299:65-73. [PMID: 19686342 PMCID: PMC2888660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While much has been known about the mutualistic associations between the sepiolid squid Euprymna tasmanica and the luminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, less is known about the connectivity between the microscopic and molecular basis of initial attachment and persistence in the light organ. Here, we examine the possible effects of two symbiotic genes on specificity and biofilm formation of V. fischeri in squid light organs. Uridine diphosphate glucose-6-dehydrogenase (UDPDH) and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (mshA) mutants were generated in V. fischeri to determine whether each gene has an effect on host colonization, specificity, and biofilm formation. Both squid light organ colonization assays and transmission electron microscopy confirmed differences in host colonization between wild-type and mutant strains, and also demonstrated the importance of both UDPDH and mshA gene expression for successful light organ colonization. This furthers our understanding of the genetic factors playing important roles in this environmentally transmitted symbiosis.
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27
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Abstract
Bacteria have been long considered primitive organisms, with a lifestyle focused on the survival and propagation of single cells. However, in the past few decades it became obvious that bacteria can display sophisticated group behaviors. For instance, bacteria can communicate amongst themselves and with their hosts, by producing, sensing, and responding to chemical signals. By doing so, they can sense their surroundings and adapt as to increase their chances of survival and propagation. Here, we review the discovery of bacterial intercellular communication, some of the signaling molecules identified to date, the role of intercellular signaling in symbiotic and pathogenic relationships between bacteria and their hosts and its implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies against human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Caetano M Antunes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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28
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Ni N, Li M, Wang J, Wang B. Inhibitors and antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:65-124. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Quorum sensing is a cell-cell communication process in which bacteria use the production and detection of extracellular chemicals called autoinducers to monitor cell population density. Quorum sensing allows bacteria to synchronize the gene expression of the group, and thus act in unison. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in quorum sensing with a focus on the Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing systems. We discuss the differences between these two quorum-sensing systems and the differences between them and other paradigmatic bacterial signal transduction systems. We argue that the Vibrio quorum-sensing systems are optimally designed to precisely translate extracellular autoinducer information into internal changes in gene expression. We describe how studies of the V. harveyi and V. cholerae quorum-sensing systems have revealed some of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the evolution of collective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Leung Ng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Bassler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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30
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Abstract
The recent development and application of molecular genetics to the symbionts of invertebrate animal species have advanced our knowledge of the biochemical communication that occurs between the host and its bacterial symbionts. In particular, the ability to manipulate these associations experimentally by introducing genetic variants of the symbionts into naive hosts has allowed the discovery of novel colonization mechanisms and factors. In addition, the role of the symbionts in inducing normal host development has been revealed, and its molecular basis described. In this Review, I discuss many of these developments, focusing on what has been discovered in five well-understood model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Ruby
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 5203 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1521, USA.
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31
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Bose JL, Rosenberg CS, Stabb EV. Effects of luxCDABEG induction in Vibrio fischeri: enhancement of symbiotic colonization and conditional attenuation of growth in culture. Arch Microbiol 2008; 190:169-83. [PMID: 18521572 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Production of bioluminescence theoretically represents a cost, energetic or otherwise, that could slow Vibrio fischeri growth; however, bioluminescence is also thought to enable full symbiotic colonization of the Euprymna scolopes light organ by V. fischeri. Previous tests of these models have proven inconclusive, partly because they compared nonisogenic strains, or undefined and/or pleiotropic mutants. To test the influence of the bioluminescence-producing lux operon on growth and symbiotic competence, we generated dark luxCDABEG mutants in strains MJ1 and ES114 without disrupting the luxR-luxI regulatory circuit. The MJ1 luxCDABEG mutant out-competed its visibly luminescent parent approximately 26% per generation in a carbon-limited chemostat. Similarly, induction of luminescence in the otherwise dim ES114 strain slowed growth relative to DeltaluxCDABEG mutants. Some culture conditions yielded no detectable effect of luminescence on growth, indicating that luminescence is not always growth limiting; however, luminescence was never found to confer an advantage in culture. In contrast to this conditional disadvantage of lux expression, ES114 achieved approximately fourfold higher populations than its luxCDABEG mutant in the light organ of E. scolopes. These results demonstrate that induction of luxCDABEG can slow V. fischeri growth under certain culture conditions and is a positive symbiotic colonization factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Bose
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 828 Biological Sciences, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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32
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Competitive and cooperative effects in quorum-sensing-regulated galactoglucan biosynthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:5308-17. [PMID: 18515420 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00063-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti possesses the Sin quorum-sensing system based on N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signal molecules. The Sin system consists of SinI, the AHL synthase, and SinR, the LuxR-type regulator. This system regulates the expression of a multitude of S. meliloti genes through ExpR, another LuxR-type regulator. Analysis of the activity of the sinI promoter showed that the expression of sinI is dependent on sinR and enhanced by a combination of expR and Sin AHLs. The characterization of the ExpR binding site upstream of sinI and the identification of binding sites upstream of the galactoglucan biosynthesis genes wgaA (expA1) and wgeA (expE1) allowed the definition of a consensus sequence for these binding sites. Based on this consensus, two additional ExpR binding sites in the promoter regions of exoI and exsH, two genes related to the production of succinoglycan, were found. The specific binding of ExpR to the wgaA and wgeA promoters was enhanced in the presence of oxo-C(14)-HL. Positive regulation of the galactoglucan biosynthesis genes by ExpR was shown to be dependent on WggR (ExpG) and influenced by MucR, both of which are previously characterized regulators of these genes. Based on these results, a reworked model of the Sin-ExpR quorum-sensing regulation scheme of galactoglucan production in S. meliloti is suggested.
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The Burkholderia mallei BmaR3-BmaI3 quorum-sensing system produces and responds to N-3-hydroxy-octanoyl homoserine lactone. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:5137-41. [PMID: 18487338 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00246-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei has two acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) signal generator-receptor pairs and two additional signal receptors, all of which contribute to virulence. We show that B. mallei produces N-3-hydroxy-octanoyl HSL (3OHC8-HSL) but a bmaI3 mutant does not. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing BmaI3 produces hydroxylated acyl-HSLs, with 3OHC8-HSL being the most abundant compound. In recombinant E. coli, BmaR3 responds to 3OHC8-HSL but not to other acyl-HSLs. These data indicate that the signal for BmaR3-BmaI3 quorum sensing is 3OHC8-HSL.
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Antunes LCM, Schaefer AL, Ferreira RBR, Qin N, Stevens AM, Ruby EG, Greenberg EP. Transcriptome analysis of the Vibrio fischeri LuxR-LuxI regulon. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:8387-91. [PMID: 17827287 PMCID: PMC2168698 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00736-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vibrio fischeri quorum-sensing signal N-3-oxohexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL) activates expression of the seven-gene luminescence operon. We used microarrays to unveil 18 additional 3OC6-HSL-controlled genes, 3 of which had been identified by other means previously. We show most of these genes are regulated by the 3OC6-HSL-responsive transcriptional regulator LuxR directly. This demonstrates that V. fischeri quorum sensing regulates a substantial number of genes other than those involved in light production.
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Hawkins AC, Arnold FH, Stuermer R, Hauer B, Leadbetter JR. Directed evolution of Vibrio fischeri LuxR for improved response to butanoyl-homoserine lactone. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5775-81. [PMID: 17675429 PMCID: PMC2074898 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00060-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LuxR is the 3-oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6HSL)-dependent transcriptional activator of the prototypical acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing system of Vibrio fischeri. Wild-type LuxR exhibits no response to butanoyl-HSL (C4HSL) in quantitative bioassays at concentrations of up to 1 microM; a previously described LuxR variant (LuxR-G2E) exhibits a broadened response to diverse AHLs, including pentanoyl-HSL (C5HSL), but not to C4HSL. Here, two rounds of directed evolution of LuxR-G2E generated variants of LuxR that responded to C4HSL at concentrations as low as 10 nM. One variant, LuxR-G4E, had only one change, I45F, relative to the parent LuxR-G2E, which itself differs from the wild type at three residues. Dissection of the four mutations within LuxR-G4E demonstrated that at least three of these changes were simultaneously required to achieve any measurable C4HSL response. The four changes improved both sensitivity and specificity towards C4HSL relative to any of the other 14 possible combinations of those residues. These data confirm that LuxR is evolutionarily pliable and suggest that LuxR is not intrinsically asymmetric in its response to quorum-sensing signals with different acyl-side-chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hawkins
- Environmental Science & Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Mail Code 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125-7800, USA
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Qin N, Callahan SM, Dunlap PV, Stevens AM. Analysis of LuxR regulon gene expression during quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:4127-34. [PMID: 17400743 PMCID: PMC1913387 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01779-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the lux operon (luxICDABEG) of Vibrio fischeri has been intensively studied as a model for quorum sensing in proteobacteria. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis previously identified several non-Lux proteins in V. fischeri MJ-100 whose expression was dependent on LuxR and 3-oxo-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL). To determine if the LuxR-dependent regulation of the genes encoding these proteins was due to direct transcriptional control by LuxR and 3-oxo-C6-HSL or instead was due to indirect control via an unidentified regulatory element, promoters of interest were cloned into a lacZ reporter and tested for their LuxR and 3-oxo-C6-HSL dependence in recombinant Escherichia coli. The promoters for qsrP, acfA, and ribB were found to be directly activated via LuxR-3-oxo-C6-HSL. The sites of transcription initiation were established via primer extension analysis. Based on this information and the position of the lux box-binding site near position -40, all three promoters appear to have a class II-type promoter structure. In order to more fully characterize the LuxR regulon in V. fischeri MJ-100, real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to study the temporal expression of qsrP, acfA, and ribB during the exponential and stationary phases of growth, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to compare the binding affinities of LuxR to the promoters under investigation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that regulation of the production of QsrP, RibB, and AcfA is controlled directly by LuxR at the level of transcription, thereby establishing that there is a LuxR regulon in V. fischeri MJ-100 whose genes are coordinately expressed during mid-exponential growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Hense BA, Kuttler C, Müller J, Rothballer M, Hartmann A, Kreft JU. Does efficiency sensing unify diffusion and quorum sensing? Nat Rev Microbiol 2007; 5:230-9. [PMID: 17304251 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing faces evolutionary problems from non-producing or over-producing cheaters. Such problems are circumvented in diffusion sensing, an alternative explanation for quorum sensing. However, both explanations face the problems of signalling in complex environments such as the rhizosphere where, for example, the spatial distribution of cells can be more important for sensing than cell density, which we show by mathematical modelling. We argue that these conflicting concepts can be unified by a new hypothesis, efficiency sensing, and that some of the problems associated with signalling in complex environments, as well as the problem of maintaining honesty in signalling, can be avoided when the signalling cells grow in microcolonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard A Hense
- Institute of Biomathematics and Biometry, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
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Nelson EJ, Tunsjø HS, Fidopiastis PM, Sørum H, Ruby EG. A novel lux operon in the cryptically bioluminescent fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida is associated with virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1825-33. [PMID: 17277225 PMCID: PMC1828807 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02255-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cold-water-fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida expresses a functional bacterial luciferase but produces insufficient levels of its aliphatic-aldehyde substrate to be detectably luminous in culture. Our goals were to (i) better explain this cryptic bioluminescence phenotype through molecular characterization of the lux operon and (ii) test whether the bioluminescence gene cluster is associated with virulence. Cloning and sequencing of the V. salmonicida lux operon revealed that homologs of all of the genes required for luminescence are present: luxAB (luciferase) and luxCDE (aliphatic-aldehyde synthesis). The arrangement and sequence of these structural lux genes are conserved compared to those in related species of luminous bacteria. However, V. salmonicida strains have a novel arrangement and number of homologs of the luxR and luxI quorum-sensing regulatory genes. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis suggests that this novel arrangement of quorum-sensing genes generates antisense transcripts that may be responsible for the reduced production of bioluminescence. In addition, infection with a strain in which the luxA gene was mutated resulted in a marked delay in mortality among Atlantic salmon relative to infection with the wild-type parent in single-strain challenge experiments. In mixed-strain competition between the luxA mutant and the wild type, the mutant was attenuated up to 50-fold. It remains unclear whether the attenuation results from a direct loss of luciferase or a polar disturbance elsewhere in the lux operon. Nevertheless, these findings document for the first time an association between a mutation in a structural lux gene and virulence, as well as provide a new molecular system to study Vibrio pathogenesis in a natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nelson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1300 University Ave., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Dunn AK, Stabb EV. Beyond quorum sensing: the complexities of prokaryotic parliamentary procedures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:391-8. [PMID: 16953316 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial quorum-sensing regulatory systems can be summarized in a simple model wherein an autoinducer molecule accumulates in cultures and stimulates regulatory changes in gene expression upon reaching a critical threshold concentration. Although quorum sensing was originally thought to be an isolated phenomenon governing the regulation of a handful of processes in only a few bacteria, it is now considered to be a widespread mechanism for coordinating bacterial gene expression. Over decades of research, investigations of autoinducer-mediated regulation have revealed that these systems are far more complicated than originally appreciated, and such discoveries have accelerated recently with the application of molecular and genomic tools. The focus of this review is to highlight recent advances describing complexities that go beyond the simple model of quorum sensing. These complexities include the regulation of autoinducer production and degradation, the presence of multiple quorum-sensing systems in individual bacteria that regulate diverse genes, often in coordination with other regulatory elements, and the influence of interorganismal interactions on quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 824 Biological Sciences Building, 1000 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Yan L, Allen MS, Simpson ML, Sayler GS, Cox CD. Direct quantification of N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone in culture supernatant using a whole-cell bioreporter. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 68:40-5. [PMID: 16916554 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The autoinducer N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) plays a significant role in the quorum-sensing system of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Upon forming a transcriptional activation complex with LuxR, 3-oxo-C6-HSL induces transcription of the luxICDABEG operon, leading to the increased production of both the 3-oxo-C6-HSL synthase (LuxI) and the bioluminescent proteins. In order to quantitatively analyze this regulatory mechanism, a novel approach was developed to measure 3-oxo-C6-HSL concentrations in V. fischeri cell culture supernatant. A bioluminescent strain of Escherichia coli that responds to 3-oxo-C6-HSL was used as a bioreporter. Although a linear response of the bioreporter to exogenously added synthetic 3-oxo-C6-HSL was found over several orders of magnitude, we show that bioreporter performance was dramatically impacted by variations in the supernatants using samples from a V. fischeri LuxI- strain. However, when maintained in the same supernatant background, the normalized peak bioluminescence maintained a linear response to 3-oxo-C6-HSL concentrations. Therefore, a standard additions technique was developed in which a known concentration of 3-oxo-C6-HSL was added to supernatant samples from wild-type V. fischeri cultures, and the incremental increase of the normalized peak bioluminescence relative to the untreated sample was determined. The concentration of 3-oxo-C6-HSL in the supernatant of the unknown sample was then quantified from the slope of the response between the normalized bioluminescent peaks with and without the addition of 3-oxo-C6-HSL. Advantages of this method are that it is rapid, does not require concentration or extraction, uses a small sample volume (ca. 2 ml), and accounts for effects caused by the composition of the supernatant. Furthermore, the findings can be broadly applicable to other bioreporter systems involving variable background conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2010, USA
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41
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Barnard AM, Salmond GP. Quorum Sensing: The Complexities of Chemical Communication between Bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1159/000089986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cantero L, Palacios JM, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Imperial J. Proteomic analysis of quorum sensing in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae UPM791. Proteomics 2006; 6 Suppl 1:S97-106. [PMID: 16521149 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Production of quorum-sensing signal molecules of the acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) type by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae UPM791 is dependent on its plasmid content. Curing of two of its four native plasmids, pUPM791d and pSym, resulted in loss of production of the largest (C(14)) and the three smaller (C(6)-C(8)) AHLs, respectively. Introduction of a lactonase-containing plasmid resulted in AHL signal degradation and quorum quenching. The quorum-dependent proteome was studied in these strains by DIGE. Quorum quenching affected a small (1.7%) fraction of the detected spots in the wild-type and a smaller (0.6%) fraction in the pSym-cured strain. Unexpectedly, quorum quenching affected up to 3.3% of the detected spots in the pUPM791d-cured strain, suggesting that C(14)-AHL normally interferes with the quorum response mediated by other AHLs. This, together with the observation that ca. 50% of the quorum-regulated proteins in strain UPM791 showed AHL-mediated repression, suggests that an important part of their functionality can be exerted through repression, although AHLs are usually considered as gene expression inducers. The three main quorum-induced polypeptides were identified by MALDI-MS as charge isoforms of the rhizospheric RhiA protein. Another major quorum-induced polypeptide was only present in the pUPM791d-cured strain and could not be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cantero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Smith D, Wang JH, Swatton JE, Davenport P, Price B, Mikkelsen H, Stickland H, Nishikawa K, Gardiol N, Spring DR, Welch M. Variations on a theme: diverse N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria. Sci Prog 2006; 89:167-211. [PMID: 17338438 PMCID: PMC10368359 DOI: 10.3184/003685006783238335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacteria employ a mechanism of cell-cell communication known as quorum sensing (QS). The role of QS is to enable the cells in a culture to coordinate their gene expression profile with changes in the population cell density. The best characterized mechanisms of QS employ N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signalling molecules. These AHLs are made by enzymes known as LuxI homologs, and accumulate in the culture supernatant at a rate proportional to the increase in cell density. Once the AHL concentration exceeds a certain threshold value, these ligands bind to intracellular receptors known as LuxR homologs. The latter are transcriptional regulators, whose activity alters upon binding the AHL ligand, thereby eliciting a change in gene transcription. Over the last five years, it has become increasingly obvious that this is a rather simplistic view of AHL-dependent QS, and that in fact, there is considerable diversity in the way in which LuxI-R homologs operate. The aim of the current review is to describe these variations on the basic theme, and to show how functional genomics is revolutionizing our understanding of QS-controlled regulons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jin-Hong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK
| | - Jane E. Swatton
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Peter Davenport
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Bianca Price
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Helga Mikkelsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Hannah Stickland
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Kahoko Nishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3–2 Namiki Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359–8513 Japan
| | - NoéMie Gardiol
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, Building 0, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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Dunn AK, Millikan DS, Adin DM, Bose JL, Stabb EV. New rfp- and pES213-derived tools for analyzing symbiotic Vibrio fischeri reveal patterns of infection and lux expression in situ. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:802-10. [PMID: 16391121 PMCID: PMC1352280 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.802-810.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically altered or tagged Vibrio fischeri strains can be observed in association with their mutualistic host Euprymna scolopes, providing powerful experimental approaches for studying this symbiosis. Two limitations to such in situ analyses are the lack of suitably stable plasmids and the need for a fluorescent tag that can be used in tandem with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Vectors previously used in V. fischeri contain the p15A replication origin; however, we found that this replicon is not stable during growth in the host and is retained by fewer than 20% of symbionts within a day after infection. In contrast, derivatives of V. fischeri plasmid pES213 were retained by approximately 99% of symbionts even 3 days after infection. We therefore constructed pES213-derived shuttle vectors with a variety of selectable and visual markers. To include a visual tag that can be used in conjunction with GFP, we compared seven variants of the DsRed2 red fluorescent protein (RFP): mRFP1, tdimer2(12), DsRed.T3, DsRed.T4, DsRed.M1, DsRed.T3_S4T, and DsRed.T3(DNT). The last variant was brightest, displaying >20-fold more fluorescence than DsRed2 in V. fischeri. RFP expression did not detectably affect the fitness of V. fischeri, and cells were readily visualized in combination with GFP-expressing cells in mixed infections. Interestingly, even when inocula were dense enough that most E. scolopes hatchlings were infected by two strains, there was little mixing of the strains in the light organ crypts. We also used constitutive RFP in combination with the luxICDABEG promoter driving expression of GFP to visualize the spatial and temporal induction of this bioluminescence operon during symbiotic infection. Our results demonstrate the utility of pES213-based vectors and RFP for in situ experimental approaches in studies of the V. fischeri-E. scolopes symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Dunn
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology, 828 Biological Sciences, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Lupp C, Ruby EG. Vibrio fischeri uses two quorum-sensing systems for the regulation of early and late colonization factors. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:3620-9. [PMID: 15901683 PMCID: PMC1112064 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.11.3620-3629.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fischeri possesses two quorum-sensing systems, ain and lux, using acyl homoserine lactones as signaling molecules. We have demonstrated previously that the ain system activates luminescence gene expression at lower cell densities than those required for lux system activation and that both systems are essential for persistent colonization of the squid host, Euprymna scolopes. Here, we asked whether the relative contributions of the two systems are also important at different colonization stages. Inactivation of ain, but not lux, quorum-sensing genes delayed initiation of the symbiotic relationship. In addition, our data suggest that lux quorum sensing is not fully active in the early stages of colonization, implying that this system is not required until later in the symbiosis. The V. fischeri luxI mutant does not express detectable light levels in symbiosis yet initiates colonization as well as the wild type, suggesting that ain quorum sensing regulates colonization factors other than luminescence. We used a recently developed V. fischeri microarray to identify genes that are controlled by ain quorum sensing and could be responsible for the initiation defect. We found 30 differentially regulated genes, including the repression of a number of motility genes. Consistent with these data, ain quorum-sensing mutants displayed an altered motility behavior in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that the sequential activation of these two quorum-sensing systems with increasing cell density allows the specific regulation of early colonization factors (e.g., motility) by ain quorum sensing, whereas late colonization factors (e.g., luminescence) are preferentially regulated by lux quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lupp
- Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
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46
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Lazdunski AM, Ventre I, Sturgis JN. Regulatory circuits and communication in Gram-negative bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2:581-92. [PMID: 15197393 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrée M Lazdunski
- Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Dunlap PV, Jiemjit A, Ast JC, Pearce MM, Marques RR, Lavilla-Pitogo CR. Genomic polymorphism in symbiotic populations of Photobacterium leiognathi. Environ Microbiol 2003; 6:145-58. [PMID: 14756879 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photobacterium leiognathi forms a bioluminescent symbiosis with leiognathid fishes, colonizing the internal light organ of the fish and providing its host with light used in bioluminescence displays. Strains symbiotic with different species of the fish exhibit substantial phenotypic differences in symbiosis and in culture, including differences in 2-D PAGE protein patterns and profiles of indigenous plasmids. To determine if such differences might reflect a genetically based symbiont-strain/host-species specificity, we profiled the genomes of P. leiognathi strains from leiognathid fishes using PFGE. Individual strains from 10 species of leiognathid fishes exhibited substantial genomic polymorphism, with no obvious similarity among strains; these strains were nonetheless identified as P. leiognathi by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Profiling of multiple strains from individual host specimens revealed an oligoclonal structure to the symbiont populations; typically one or two genomotypes dominated each population. However, analysis of multiple strains from multiple specimens of the same host species, to determine if the same strain types consistently colonize a host species, demonstrated substantial heterogeneity, with the same genomotype only rarely observed among the symbiont populations of different specimens of the same host species. Colonization of the leiognathid light organ to initiate the symbiosis therefore is likely to be oliogoclonal, and specificity of the P. leiognathi/leiognathid fish symbiosis apparently is maintained at the bacterial species level rather than at the level of individual, genomotypically defined strain types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Dunlap
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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48
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Lupp C, Urbanowski M, Greenberg EP, Ruby EG. The Vibrio fischeri quorum-sensing systems ain and lux sequentially induce luminescence gene expression and are important for persistence in the squid host. Mol Microbiol 2003; 50:319-31. [PMID: 14507383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.t01-1-03585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing using acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) as cell-density dependent signalling molecules is important for the transcriptional regulation of many genes essential in the establishment and the maintenance of bacteria-host associations. Vibrio fischeri, the symbiotic partner of the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes, possesses two distinct acyl-HSL synthase proteins, LuxI and AinS. Whereas the cell density-dependent regulation of luminescence by the LuxI-produced signal is a well-described phenomenon, and its role in light organ symbiosis has been defined, little is known about the ain system. We have investigated the impact of the V. fischeri acyl-HSL synthase AinS on both luminescence and symbiotic colonization. Through phenotypic studies of V. fischeri mutants we have found that the AinS-signal is the predominant inducer of luminescence expression in culture, whereas the impact of the LuxI-signal is apparent only at the high cell densities occurring in symbiosis. Furthermore, our studies revealed that ainS regulates activities essential for successful colonization of E. scolopes, i.e. the V. fischeri ainS mutant failed to persist in the squid light organ. Mutational inactivation of the transcriptional regulator protein LuxO in the ainS mutant partially or completely reversed all the observed phenotypes, demonstrating that the AinS-signal regulates expression of downstream genes through the inactivation of LuxO. Taken together, our results suggest that the two quorum-sensing systems in V. fischeri, ain and lux, sequentially induce the expression of luminescence genes and possibly other colonization factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lupp
- Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawai'i, Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Chen H, Teplitski M, Robinson JB, Rolfe BG, Bauer WD. Proteomic analysis of wild-type Sinorhizobium meliloti responses to N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals and the transition to stationary phase. J Bacteriol 2003; 185:5029-36. [PMID: 12923075 PMCID: PMC180974 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.17.5029-5036.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteome analysis revealed that two long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 induced significant differences in the accumulation of more than 100 polypeptides in early-log-phase cultures of the wild type. Fifty-six of the corresponding proteins have been identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. The proteins affected by addition of these two AHLs had diverse functions in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, energy cycles, metabolite transport, DNA synthesis, and protein turnover. Two hours of exposure to 3-oxo-C(16:1)-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C(16:1)-HL) affected the accumulation of 40 of the 56 identified proteins, whereas comparable exposure to C(14)-HL affected 13 of the 56 proteins. Levels of four proteins were affected by both AHLs. Exposure to 3-oxo-C(16:1)-HL for 8 h affected the accumulation of 17 proteins, 12 of which had reduced accumulation. Of the 80 proteins identified as differing in accumulation between early-log- and early-stationary-phase cultures, only 13 were affected by exposure to 3-oxo-C(16:1)-HL or C(14)-HL. These results provide a foundation for future studies of the functions regulated by AHL quorum sensing in S. meliloti and help to establish proteomic analysis as a powerful global approach to the identification of quorum-sensing regulatory patterns in wild-type bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancai Chen
- Genomic Interactions Group, Research School for Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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50
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Nouwens AS, Beatson SA, Whitchurch CB, Walsh BJ, Schweizer HP, Mattick JS, Cordwell SJ. Proteome analysis of extracellular proteins regulated by the las and rhl quorum sensing systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2003; 149:1311-1322. [PMID: 12724392 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.25967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The las and rhl quorum sensing (QS) systems regulate the expression of several genes in response to cell density changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Many of these genes encode surface-associated or secreted virulence factors. Proteins from stationary phase culture supernatants were collected from wild-type and P. aeruginosa PAO1 mutants deficient in one or more of the lasRI, rhlRI and vfr genes and analysed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. All mutants released significantly lower amounts of protein than the wild-type. Protein spot patterns from each strain were compared using image analysis and visible spot differences were identified using mass spectrometry. Several previously unknown QS-regulated proteins were characterized, including an aminopeptidase (PA2939), an endoproteinase (PrpL) and a unique 'hypothetical' protein (PA0572), which could not be detected in the culture supernatants of Deltalas mutants, although they were unaffected in Deltarhl mutants. Chitin-binding protein (CbpD) and a hypothetical protein (PA4944) with similarity to host factor I (HF-I) could not be detected when any of the lasRI or rhlRI genes were disrupted. Fourteen proteins were present at significantly greater levels in the culture supernatants of QS mutants, suggesting that QS may also negatively control the expression of some genes. Increased levels of two-partner secretion exoproteins (PA0041 and PA4625) were observed and may be linked to increased stability of their cognate transporters in a QS-defective background. Known QS-regulated extracellular proteins, including elastase (lasB), LasA protease (lasA) and alkaline metalloproteinase (aprA) were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Nouwens
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Level 4, Building F7B, Macquarie University, Australia 2109
| | - Scott A Beatson
- ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Level 4, Building F7B, Macquarie University, Australia 2109
| | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1677, USA
| | - John S Mattick
- ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Level 4, Building F7B, Macquarie University, Australia 2109
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