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Li Y, Guo Y, Niu F, Gao H, Wang Q, Xu M. Regulation of oxidative stress response and antioxidant modification in Corynebacterium glutamicum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:267. [PMID: 39004689 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
As an efficient and safe industrial bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum has extensive application in amino acid production. However, it often faces oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to diminished production efficiency. To enhance the robustness of C. glutamicum, numerous studies have focused on elucidating its regulatory mechanisms under various stress conditions such as heat, acid, and sulfur stress. However, a comprehensive review of its defense mechanisms against oxidative stress is needed. This review offers an in-depth overview of the mechanisms C. glutamicum employs to manage oxidative stress. It covers both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, including antioxidant enzymes, regulatory protein families, sigma factors involved in transcription, and physiological redox reduction pathways. This review provides insights for advancing research on the antioxidant mechanisms of C. glutamicum and sheds light on its potential applications in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuanyi Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fangyuan Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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2
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Gabay M, Stern I, Gruzdev N, Cohen A, Adriana-Lifshits L, Ansbacher T, Yadid I, Gal M. Engineering of methionine-auxotroph Escherichia coli via parallel evolution of two enzymes from Corynebacterium glutamicum's direct-sulfurylation pathway enables its recovery in minimal medium. Metab Eng Commun 2024; 18:e00236. [PMID: 38779352 PMCID: PMC11109467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2024.e00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine biosynthesis relies on the sequential catalysis of multiple enzymes. Escherichia coli, the main bacteria used in research and industry for protein production and engineering, utilizes the three-step trans-sulfurylation pathway catalyzed by L-homoserine O-succinyl transferase, cystathionine gamma synthase and cystathionine beta lyase to convert L-homoserine to L-homocysteine. However, most bacteria employ the two-step direct-sulfurylation pathway involving L-homoserine O-acetyltransferases and O-acetyl homoserine sulfhydrylase. We previously showed that a methionine-auxotroph Escherichiacoli strain (MG1655) with deletion of metA, encoding for L-homoserine O-succinyl transferase, and metB, encoding for cystathionine gamma synthase, could be complemented by introducing the genes metX, encoding for L-homoserine O-acetyltransferases and metY, encoding for O-acetyl homoserine sulfhydrylase, from various sources, thus altering the Escherichia coli methionine biosynthesis metabolic pathway to direct-sulfurylation. However, introducing metX and metY from Corynebacterium glutamicum failed to complement methionine auxotrophy. Herein, we generated a randomized genetic library based on the metX and metY of Corynebacterium glutamicum and transformed it into a methionine-auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain lacking the metA and metB genes. Through multiple enrichment cycles, we successfully isolated active clones capable of growing in M9 minimal media. The dominant metX mutations in the evolved methionine-autotrophs Escherichia coli were L315P and H46R. Interestingly, we found that a metY gene encoding only the N-terminus 106 out of 438 amino acids of the wild-type MetY enzyme is functional and supports the growth of the methionine auxotroph. Recloning the new genes into the original plasmid and transforming them to methionine auxotroph Escherichia coli validated their functionality. These results show that directed enzyme-evolution enables fast and simultaneous engineering of new active variants within the Escherichia coli methionine direct-sulfurylation pathway, leading to efficient complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Gabay
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Inbar Stern
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Nadya Gruzdev
- Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Lucia Adriana-Lifshits
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamar Ansbacher
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Hadassah Academic College, 91010, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Yadid
- Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Israel
| | - Maayan Gal
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Wu T, Jiang H, Li F, Jiang X, Wang J, Wei S, Sun Y, Tian Y, Chu H, Shi Y, Zhang N, Li N, Lei L. O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase deficient Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain SC19 becomes an avirulent strain and provides immune protection against homotype infection in mice. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109943. [PMID: 38113574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in microbial methionine biosynthesis, which catalyzes the conversion of o-acetyl-homoserine (OAH) to homocysteine. In our previous study, we found that OAHS of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) can interact with the porcine blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, but whether OAHS regulates the penetration of BBB during SS2 infection is still unclear. To explore the role of OAHS in SS2 infection, OAHS-deficient SS2 mutant strain (SC19-ΔOAHS) and gene complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS) were constructed. Compared to the parent strain, with the loss of oahs, the chain length of SC19-ΔOAHS was shortened, the virulence was significantly reduced, the survival rate of mice infected with SC19-ΔOAHS was obviously increased accompanied by the relieved clinical symptoms. And the survival ability of SC19-ΔOAHS in whole blood was also remarkably decreased. Interestingly, the adhesion of SC19-ΔOAHS to endothelial cells was markedly increased, but the deficiency of OAHS significantly inhibited the strain penetrating BBB both in vivo and in vitro. Most of these phenomena can be reversed by the complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS). Further study showed that the deficiency of OAHS severely reduced SC19-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, tight junctions (TJs) protein impairment and the expression of SS2 virulence factor Enolase (Eno), involved in the destruction of BBB. Additionally, SC19-ΔOAHS immunized mice were able to resist SC19 or JZLQ022 infection. In conclusion, we confirmed that OAHS promoted the pathogenicity by enhancing host's BBB permeability and immune escape, and SC19- ΔOAHS is a potential live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shaopeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hong Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Shi
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
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François JM. Progress advances in the production of bio-sourced methionine and its hydroxyl analogues. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108259. [PMID: 37734648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The essential sulphur-containing amino acid, methionine, is becoming a mass-commodity product with an annual production that exceeded 1,500,000 tons in 2018. This amino acid is today almost exclusively produced by chemical process from fossil resources. The environmental problems caused by this industrial process, and the expected scarcity of oil resources in the coming years, have recently accelerated the development of bioprocesses for producing methionine from renewable carbon feedstock. After a brief description of the chemical process and the techno-economic context that still justify the production of methionine by petrochemical processes, this review will present the current state of the art of biobased alternatives aiming at a sustainable production of this amino acid and its hydroxyl analogues from renewable carbon feedstock. In particular, this review will focus on three bio-based processes, namely a purely fermentative process based on the metabolic engineering of the natural methionine pathway, a mixed process combining the production of the O-acetyl/O-succinyl homoserine intermediate of this pathway by fermentation followed by an enzyme-based conversion of this intermediate into L-methionine and lately, a hybrid process in which the non-natural chemical synthon, 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, obtained by fermentation of sugars is converted by chemo-catalysis into hydroxyl methionine analogues. The industrial potential of these three bioprocesses, as well as the major technical and economic obstacles that remain to be overcome to reach industrial maturity are discussed. This review concludes by bringing up the assets of these bioprocesses to meet the challenge of the "green transition", with the accomplishment of the objective "zero carbon" by 2050 and how they can be part of a model of Bioeconomy enhancing local resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, UMR INSA -CNRS5504 and UMR INSA-INRAE 792, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France; Toulouse White Biotechnology, UMS INRAE-INSA-CNRS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Choi WW, Jeong H, Kim Y, Lee HS. Gene nceA encodes a Ni/Co-sensing transcription factor to regulate metal efflux in Corynebacterium glutamicum. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6865361. [PMID: 36460048 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The function of Corynebacterium glutamicum open reading frame (ORF) NCgl2684 (named nceA in this study), which was annotated to encode a metalloregulator, was assessed using physiological, genetic, and biochemical approaches. Cells with deleted-nceA (ΔnceA) showed a resistant phenotype to NiSO4 and CoSO4 and showed faster growth in minimal medium containing 20 μM NiSO4 or 10 μM CoSO4 than both the wild-type and nceA-overexpressing (P180-nceA) cells. In the ΔnceA strain, the transcription of the downstream-located ORF NCgl2685 (nceB), annotated to encode efflux protein, was increased approximately 4-fold, whereas gene transcription decreased down to 30% level in the P180-nceA strain. The transcriptions of the nceA and nceB genes were stimulated, even when as little as 5 nM NiSO4 was added to the growth medium. Protein NceA was able to bind DNA comprising the promoter region (from -14 to + 18) of the nceA--nceB operon. The protein-DNA interaction was abolished in the presence of 20 μM NiSO4, 50 μM CoSO4, or 50 μM CdSO4. Although manganese induced the transcription of the nceA and nceB genes, it failed to interrupt protein-DNA interaction. Simultaneously, the P180-nceA cells showed increased sensitivity to oxidants such as menadione, hydrogen peroxide, and cumene hydroperoxide, but not diamide. Collectively, our data show that NceA is a nickel- and cobalt-sensing transcriptional regulator that controls the transcription of the probable efflux protein-encoding nceB. The genes are able to suppress intracellular levels of nickel to prevent reactions, which can cause oxidative damage to cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Woo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeri Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Chungbuk 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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Schink SJ, Gough Z, Biselli E, Huiman MG, Chang YF, Basan M, Gerland U. MetA is a "thermal fuse" that inhibits growth and protects Escherichia coli at elevated temperatures. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111290. [PMID: 36044860 PMCID: PMC10477958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive stress resistance in microbes is mostly attributed to the expression of stress response genes, including heat-shock proteins. Here, we report a response of E. coli to heat stress caused by degradation of an enzyme in the methionine biosynthesis pathway (MetA). While MetA degradation can inhibit growth, which by itself is detrimental for fitness, we show that it directly benefits survival at temperatures exceeding 50°C, increasing survival chances by more than 1,000-fold. Using both experiments and mathematical modeling, we show quantitatively how protein expression, degradation rates, and environmental stressors cause long-term growth inhibition in otherwise habitable conditions. Because growth inhibition can be abolished with simple mutations, namely point mutations of MetA and protease knockouts, we interpret the breakdown of methionine synthesis as a system that has evolved to halt growth at high temperatures, analogous to "thermal fuses" in engineering that shut off electricity to prevent overheating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin J Schink
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Zara Gough
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Biselli
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mariel Garcia Huiman
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Markus Basan
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich Gerland
- Physics of Complex Biosystems, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Interplay between Sulfur Assimilation and Biodesulfurization Activity in Rhodococcus qingshengii IGTS8: Insights into a Regulatory Role of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway. mBio 2022; 13:e0075422. [PMID: 35856606 PMCID: PMC9426449 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00754-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodesulfurization is a process that selectively removes sulfur from dibenzothiophene and its derivatives. Several natural biocatalysts harboring the highly conserved desulfurization operon dszABC, which is significantly repressed by methionine, cysteine, and inorganic sulfate, have been isolated. However, the available information on the metabolic regulation of gene expression is still limited. In this study, scarless knockouts of the reverse transsulfuration pathway enzyme genes cbs and metB were constructed in the desulfurizing strain Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8. We provide sequence analyses and report the enzymes' involvement in the sulfate- and methionine-dependent repression of biodesulfurization activity. Sulfate addition in the bacterial culture did not repress the desulfurization activity of the Δcbs strain, whereas deletion of metB promoted a significant biodesulfurization activity for sulfate-based growth and an even higher desulfurization activity for methionine-grown cells. In contrast, growth on cysteine completely repressed the desulfurization activity of all strains. Transcript level comparison uncovered a positive effect of cbs and metB gene deletions on dsz gene expression in the presence of sulfate and methionine, but not cysteine, offering insights into a critical role of cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) and MetB in desulfurization activity regulation. IMPORTANCE Precise genome editing of the model biocatalyst Rhodococcus qingshengii IGTS8 was performed for the first time, more than 3 decades after its initial discovery. We thus gained insight into the regulation of dsz gene expression and biocatalyst activity, depending on the presence of two reverse transsulfuration enzymes, CβS and MetB. Moreover, we observed an enhancement of biodesulfurization capability in the presence of otherwise repressive sulfur sources, such as sulfate and l-methionine. The interconnection of cellular sulfur assimilation strategies was revealed and validated.
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Li N, Zeng W, Zhou J, Xu S. O-Acetyl-L-homoserine production enhanced by pathway strengthening and acetate supplementation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 35287716 PMCID: PMC8922893 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-Acetyl-L-homoserine (OAH) is an important potential platform chemical. However, low levels of production of OAH are greatly limiting its industrial application. Furthermore, as a common and safe amino acid-producing strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum has not yet achieved efficient production of OAH. RESULTS First, exogenous L-homoserine acetyltransferase was introduced into an L-homoserine-producing strain, resulting in the accumulation of 0.98 g/L of OAH. Second, by comparing different acetyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways and adding several feedstocks (acetate, citrate, and pantothenate), the OAH titer increased 2.3-fold to 3.2 g/L. Then, the OAH titer further increased by 62.5% when the expression of L-homoserine dehydrogenase and L-homoserine acetyltransferase was strengthened via strong promoters. Finally, the engineered strain produced 17.4 g/L of OAH in 96 h with acetate as the supplementary feedstock in a 5-L bioreactor. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the efficient production of OAH with C. glutamicum as the chassis, which would provide a good foundation for industrial production of OAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Park JC, Jeong H, Kim Y, Lee HS. Trehalose biosynthetic gene otsB of Corynebacterium glutamicum is regulated by whcE in response to oxidative stress. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35040429 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gene whcE of Corynebacterium glutamicum plays a positive role in oxidative stress responses and the WhcE protein interacts with SpiE. By utilizing 2D-PAGE analysis, we identified the otsB gene to be under the control of whcE. The transcription of otsB, encoding trehalose 6-phosphatase, was stimulated by oxidative stress, and whcE and spiE were involved in diamide-mediated transcriptional stimulation. The ΔotsB strain was created and found to be sensitive to the thiol-specific oxidant diamide, suggesting a role of the gene in stress responses. Genes located upstream of otsB, such as NCgl2534 and otsA, formed an operon and purified WhcE was able to bind to the promoter region of the operon (PNCgl2534), but the binding was only possible in the presence of the oxidant diamide. In addition, the transcriptional activation of PNCgl2534 by WhcE was demonstrated in in vivo assays and the transcription was stimulated in cells exposed to the oxidant diamide. These findings indicate that WhcE is a transcriptional activator, and otsB, which is involved in trehalose biosynthesis, has a role in oxidative stress responses in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chul Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeri Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
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Zhang G, Ren X, Liang X, Wang Y, Feng D, Zhang Y, Xian M, Zou H. Improving the Microbial Production of Amino Acids: From Conventional Approaches to Recent Trends. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Phillips AA, Wu F, Sessions AL. Sulfur isotope analysis of cysteine and methionine via preparatory liquid chromatography and elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9007. [PMID: 33201559 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sulfur isotope analysis of organic sulfur-containing molecules has previously been hindered by challenging preparatory chemistry and analytical requirements for large sample sizes. The natural-abundance sulfur isotopic compositions of the sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, have therefore not yet been investigated despite potential utility in biomedicine, ecology, oceanography, biogeochemistry, and other fields. METHODS Cysteine and methionine were subjected to hot acid hydrolysis followed by quantitative oxidation in performic acid to yield cysteic acid and methionine sulfone. These stable, oxidized products were then separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and verified via offline liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The sulfur isotope ratios (δ34 S values) of purified analytes were then measured via combustion elemental analyzer coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). The EA was equipped with a temperature-ramped chromatographic column and programmable helium carrier flow rates. RESULTS On-column focusing of SO2 in the EA/IRMS system, combined with reduced He carrier flow during elution, greatly improved sensitivity, allowing precise (0.1-0.3‰ 1 s.d.) δ34 S measurements of 1 to 10 μg sulfur. We validated that our method for purification of cysteine and methionine was negligibly fractionating using amino acid and protein standards. Proof-of-concept measurements of fish muscle tissue and bacteria demonstrated differences up to 4‰ between the δ34 S values of cysteine and methionine that can be connected to biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a sensitive, precise method for measuring the natural-abundance sulfur isotopic compositions of cysteine and methionine isolated from biological samples. This capability opens up diverse applications of sulfur isotopes in amino acids and proteins, from use as a tracer in organisms and the environment, to fundamental aspects of metabolism and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Phillips
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Alex L Sessions
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Kulikova VV, Anufrieva NV, Kotlov MI, Morozova EA, Koval VS, Belyi YF, Revtovich SV, Demidkina TV. O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase from Clostridium novyi. Cloning, expression of the gene and characterization of the enzyme. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 180:105810. [PMID: 33338587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gene NT01CX_1210 of pathogenic bacterium Clostridium novyi annotated as encoding O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene product having O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase activity was purified to homogeneity. The protein showed molecular mass of approximately 184 kDa for the native form and 46 kDa for the subunit. The enzyme catalyzes the γ-substitution reaction of O-acetylhomoserine with maximum activity at pH 7.5. Analysis of C. novyi genome allowed us to suggest that there is only one way for the synthesis of l-methionine in the bacterium. The data obtained may provide the basis for further study of the role of OAHS in Clostridium bacteria and an ascertainment of its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalia V Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Natalya V Anufrieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Kotlov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena A Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasiliy S Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yury F Belyi
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Perruchon C, Vasileiadis S, Papadopoulou ES, Karpouzas DG. Genome-Based Metabolic Reconstruction Unravels the Key Role of B12 in Methionine Auxotrophy of an Ortho-Phenylphenol-Degrading Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3009. [PMID: 31998277 PMCID: PMC6970198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxotrophy to amino acids and vitamins is a common feature in the bacterial world shaping microbial communities through cross-feeding relations. The amino acid auxotrophy of pollutant-degrading bacteria could hamper their bioremediation potential, however, the underlying mechanisms of auxotrophy remain unexplored. We employed genome sequence-based metabolic reconstruction to identify potential mechanisms driving the amino acid auxotrophy of a Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans strain degrading the fungicide ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) and provided further verification for the identified mechanisms via in vitro bacterial assays. The analysis identified potential gaps in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, while methionine biosynthesis was potentially effective, relying though in the presence of B12. Supplementation of the bacterium with the four amino acids in all possible combinations rescued its degrading capacity only with methionine. Genome sequence-based metabolic reconstruction and analysis suggested that the bacterium was incapable of de novo biosynthesis of B12 (missing genes for the construction of the corrin ring) but carried a complete salvage pathway for corrinoids uptake from the environment, transmembrane transportation and biosynthesis of B12. In line with this the bacterium maintained its degrading capacity and growth when supplied with environmentally relevant B12 concentrations (i.e., 0.1 ng ml–1). Using genome-based metabolic reconstruction and in vitro testing we unraveled the mechanism driving the auxotrophy of a pesticide-degrading S. haloaromaticamans. Further studies will investigate the corrinoids preferences of S. haloaromaticamans for optimum growth and OPP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Perruchon
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia S Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Lee JH, Jeong H, Kim Y, Lee HS. Corynebacterium glutamicum whiA plays roles in cell division, cell envelope formation, and general cell physiology. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:629-641. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Pelicaen R, Gonze D, Teusink B, De Vuyst L, Weckx S. Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction of Acetobacter pasteurianus 386B, a Candidate Functional Starter Culture for Cocoa Bean Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2801. [PMID: 31921009 PMCID: PMC6915089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetobacter pasteurianus 386B is a candidate functional starter culture for the cocoa bean fermentation process. To allow in silico simulations of its related metabolism in response to different environmental conditions, a genome-scale metabolic model for A. pasteurianus 386B was reconstructed. This is the first genome-scale metabolic model reconstruction for a member of the genus Acetobacter. The metabolic network reconstruction process was based on extensive genome re-annotation and comparative genomics analyses. The information content related to the functional annotation of metabolic enzymes and transporters was placed in a metabolic context by exploring and curating a Pathway/Genome Database of A. pasteurianus 386B using the Pathway Tools software. Metabolic reactions and curated gene-protein-reaction associations were bundled into a genome-scale metabolic model of A. pasteurianus 386B, named iAp386B454, containing 454 genes, 322 reactions, and 296 metabolites embedded in two cellular compartments. The reconstructed model was validated by performing growth experiments in a defined medium, which revealed that lactic acid as the sole carbon source could sustain growth of this strain. Further, the reconstruction of the A. pasteurianus 386B genome-scale metabolic model revealed knowledge gaps concerning the metabolism of this strain, especially related to the biosynthesis of its cell envelope and the presence or absence of metabolite transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Pelicaen
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- (IB) - Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Gonze
- (IB) - Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Service de Chimie Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bas Teusink
- Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luc De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Weckx
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- (IB) - Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of O-acetylhomoserine acetyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 19420. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:399-406. [PMID: 31378370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium smegmatis is a good model for studying the physiology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its genetic similarity. As methionine biosynthesis exists only in microorganisms, the enzymes involved in methionine biosynthesis can be a potential target for novel antibiotics. Homoserine O-acetyltransferase from M. smegmatis (MsHAT) catalyzes the transfer of acetyl-group from acetyl-CoA to homoserine. To investigate the molecular mechanism of MsHAT, we determined its crystal structure in apo-form and in complex with either CoA or homoserine and revealed the substrate binding mode of MsHAT. A structural comparison of MsHAT with other HATs suggests that the conformation of the α5 to α6 region might influence the shape of the dimer. In addition, the active site entrance shows an open or closed conformation and might determine the substrate binding affinity of HATs.
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17
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Kulikova VV, Revtovich SV, Bazhulina NP, Anufrieva NV, Kotlov MI, Koval VS, Morozova EA, Hayashi H, Belyi YF, Demidkina TV. Identification of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase, a putative enzyme responsible for methionine biosynthesis in Clostridioides difficile: Gene cloning and biochemical characterizations. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1815-1823. [PMID: 31359602 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in microbial methionine biosynthesis. In this study, we report gene cloning, protein purification, and some biochemical characteristics of OAHS from Clostridioides difficile. The enzyme is a tetramer with molecular weight of 185 kDa. It possesses a high activity in the reaction of L-homocysteine synthesis, comparable to reported activities of OAHSes from other sources. OAHS activity is inhibited by metabolic end product L-methionine. L-Propargylglycine was found to be a suicide inhibitor of the enzyme. Substrate analogue Nγ -acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid is a competitive inhibitor of OAHS with Ki = 0.04 mM. Analysis of C. difficile genome allows to suggest that the bacterium uses the way of direct sulfhydrylation for the synthesis of L-methionine. The data obtained may provide the basis for further study of the role of OAHS in the pathogenic bacterium and the development of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalia V Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bazhulina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Anufrieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Kotlov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy S Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yury F Belyi
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Jechalke S, Schierstaedt J, Becker M, Flemer B, Grosch R, Smalla K, Schikora A. Salmonella Establishment in Agricultural Soil and Colonization of Crop Plants Depend on Soil Type and Plant Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:967. [PMID: 31156568 PMCID: PMC6529577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, are able to colonize crop plants. So far, not much is known about biotic and abiotic factors influencing this colonization in field soil. This understanding, however, is imperative for the provision of safe fresh produce to the consumer. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil type, organic fertilization, plant species and the way of Salmonella entry into the plant production system, on the survival of S. enterica in soil as well as the colonization of plants. The selected S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s, S. Typhimurium strain LT2 and S. Senftenberg were able to persist in soil for several weeks. Salmonella's persistence in soil was prolonged in loamy, if compared to sandy soil, and when applied together with organic fertilizer. The leaves of lettuce and corn salad were colonized by S. enterica providing evidence for internalization from the soil via the root. Colonization rates were affected by soil type, plant species and S. enterica strain. Overall, S. enterica was detected in leaves of 0.5-0.9% of the plants, while lettuce was more frequently colonized than corn salad. Plants grown in sandy soil were more often colonized than plants grown in loamy soil. After spray inoculation, S. enterica could be detected on and in leaves for several weeks by cultivation-depending methods, confirmed by confocal microscopy using GFP-labeled S. Typhimurium 14028s. On the one hand, transcriptome data from S. Typhimurium 14028s assessed in response to lettuce medium or lettuce root exudates showed an upregulation of genes associated with biofilm formation and virulence. On the other hand, lettuce inoculated with S. Typhimurium 14028s showed a strong upregulation of genes associated with plant immune response and genes related to stress response. In summary, these results showed that organic fertilizers can increase the persistence of Salmonella in soil and that soil type and plant species play a crucial role in the interactions between human pathogens and crop plants. This understanding is therefore a starting point for new strategies to provide safe food for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Jechalke
- Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jasper Schierstaedt
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Flemer
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Adam Schikora
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Ma Y, Di Salvo ML, Budisa N. Self-Directed in Cell Production of Methionine Analogue Azidohomoalanine by Synthetic Metabolism and Its Incorporation into Model Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1728:127-135. [PMID: 29404994 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7574-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Common protocols for the incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins require addition of the desired ncAA to the growth medium, its cellular uptake, and subsequent intracellular accumulation. This feeding scheme is generally suitable for small-scale proof-of-concept incorporation experiments. However, it is no general solution for orthogonal translation of ncAAs, as their chemical synthesis is generally tedious and expensive. Here, we describe a simple protocol that efficiently couples in situ semi-synthetic biosynthesis of L-azidohomoalanine and its incorporation into proteins at L-methionine (Met) positions. In our metabolically engineered Met-auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain, Aha is biosynthesized from externally added sodium azide and O-acetyl-L-homoserine as inexpensive precursors. This represents an efficient platform for expression of azide-containing proteins suitable for site-selective bioorthogonal strategies aimed at noninvasive protein modifications (Tornøe et al., J Org Chem 67:3057-3064, 2002; Kiick et al., Angew Chem Int Ed 39:2148-2152, 2000; Budisa, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47:6426-6463, 2004; van Hest, J Am Chem Soc 122:1282-1288, 2000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Berlin Institute of Technology/TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martino L Di Salvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Berlin Institute of Technology/TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Coevolution of pathogens and host has led to many metabolic strategies employed by intracellular pathogens to deal with the immune response and the scarcity of food during infection. Simply put, bacterial pathogens are just looking for food. As a consequence, the host has developed strategies to limit nutrients for the bacterium by containment of the intruder in a pathogen-containing vacuole and/or by actively depleting nutrients from the intracellular space, a process called nutritional immunity. Since metabolism is a prerequisite for virulence, such pathways could potentially be good targets for antimicrobial therapies. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge about the in vivo diet of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a focus on amino acid and cofactors, discuss evidence for the bacilli's nutritionally independent lifestyle in the host, and evaluate strategies for new chemotherapeutic interventions.
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21
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Genome-Wide Transcriptional Dynamics in the Companion Bacterial Symbionts of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Cicadellidae: Homalodisca vitripennis) Reveal Differential Gene Expression in Bacteria Occupying Multiple Host Organs. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:3073-3082. [PMID: 28705905 PMCID: PMC5592932 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.044255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural pest known as the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) or Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) harbors two bacterial symbionts, “Candidatus Sulcia muelleri” and “Ca. Baumannia cicadellinicola,” which provide the 10 essential amino acids (EAAs) that are limited in the host plant-sap diet. Although they differ in origin and symbiotic age, both bacteria have experienced extensive genome degradation resulting from their ancient restriction to specialized host organs (bacteriomes) that provide cellular support and ensure vertical transmission. GWSS bacteriomes are of different origins and distinctly colored red and yellow. While Sulcia occupies the yellow bacteriome, Baumannia inhabits both. Aside from genomic predictions, little is currently known about the cellular functions of these bacterial symbionts, particularly whether Baumannia in different bacteriomes perform different roles in the symbiosis. To address these questions, we conducted a replicated, strand-specific RNA-seq experiment to assay global gene expression patterns in Sulcia and Baumannia. Despite differences in genomic capabilities, the symbionts exhibit similar profiles of their most highly expressed genes, including those involved in nutrition synthesis and protein stability (chaperonins dnaK and groESL) that likely aid impaired proteins. Baumannia populations in separate bacteriomes differentially express genes enriched in essential nutrient synthesis, including EAAs (histidine and methionine) and B vitamins (biotin and thiamine). Patterns of differential gene expression further reveal complexity in methionine synthesis. Baumannia’s capability to differentially express genes is unusual, as ancient symbionts lose the capability to independently regulate transcription. Combined with previous microscopy, our results suggest that the GWSS may rely on distinct Baumannia populations for essential nutrition and vertical transmission.
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Sagong HY, Kim KJ. Structural Insights into Substrate Specificity of Cystathionine γ-Synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6002-6008. [PMID: 28675039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine γ-synthase (MetB) condenses O-acetyl-l-homoserine (OAHS) or O-succinyl-l-homoserine (OSHS) with cysteine to produce cystathionine. To investigate the molecular mechanisms and substrate specificity of MetB from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgMetB), we determined its crystal structure at 1.5 Å resolution. The pyridoxal phosphate cofactor is covalently bound to Lys204 via a Schiff base linkage in the deep cavity. Superposition with the structure of MetB from Nicotiana tabacum in complex with its inhibitor dl-(E)-2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid revealed that Thr347 from the β10-β11 connecting loop, located at the entrance of the active site, is speculated to be a main contributor for stabilization of the acetyl group of OAHS. Moreover, on the basis of structural comparison of CgMetB with EcMetB utilizing OSHS as a main substrate, we propose that the conformation of the β10-β11 connecting loops determines the size and shape of the acetyl- or succinyl-group binding site and ultimately determines the substrate specificity of MetBs toward OAHS or OSHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Sagong
- KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Lee DS, Kim Y, Lee HS. The whcD gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum plays roles in cell division and envelope formation. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:131-143. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si 339-700, Republic of Korea
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24
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Effect of alpha lipoic acid on in vitro development of bovine secondary preantral follicles. Theriogenology 2017; 88:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Shao W, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Lv C, Ren W, Chen C. Involvement of BcStr2 in methionine biosynthesis, vegetative differentiation, multiple stress tolerance and virulence in Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:438-47. [PMID: 26176995 PMCID: PMC6638451 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Str2 gene encodes a cystathionine γ-synthase that is a key enzyme in methionine (Met) biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Met plays a critical role in protein synthesis and diverse cellular processes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, we characterized the Str2 orthologue gene BcStr2 in Botrytis cinerea. The BcStr2 mutant was unable to grow on minimal medium (MM). In addition, conidia of the mutant were unable to germinate in water-agar medium within 15 h of incubation. Supplementation with 1 mm Met or 0.5 mg/mL homocysteine, but not 1 mm cysteine or 0.5 mg/mL glutathione, rescued the defect in mycelial growth of the BcStr2 deletion mutant. These results indicate that the enzyme encoded by BcStr2 is involved in the conversion of cysteine into homocysteine. The mutant exhibited decreased conidiation and impaired sclerotium development. In addition, the BcStr2 mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stresses, cell wall-damaging agents and thermal stress. The mutant demonstrated dramatically decreased virulence on host plant tissues. All of the defects were restored by genetic complementation of the mutant with wild-type BcStr2. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that BcStr2 plays a critical role in the regulation of various cellular processes in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chiyuan Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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SpiE interacts with Corynebacterium glutamicum WhcE and is involved in heat and oxidative stress responses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4063-72. [PMID: 26996627 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene whcE in Corynebacterium glutamicum positively responds to oxidative and heat stress. To search for proteins that interact with WhcE, we employed a two-hybrid system with WhcE as the bait. Sequencing analysis of the isolated clones revealed peptide sequences, one of which showed high sequence identity to a hydrophobe/amphiphile efflux-1 family transporter encoded by NCgl1497. The interaction of the NCgl1497-encoded protein with WhcE in vivo was verified using reporter gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The WhcE protein strongly interacted with the NCgl1497-encoded protein in the presence of oxidative and heat stress. Furthermore, purified WhcE and NCgl1497-encoded proteins interacted in vitro, especially in the presence of the oxidant diamide, and the protein-protein interaction was disrupted in the presence of the reductant dithiothreitol. In addition, the transcription of NCgl1497 was activated approximately twofold in diamide- or heat-treated cells. To elucidate the function of the NCgl497 gene, an NCgl1497-deleted mutant strain was constructed. The mutant showed decreased viability in the presence of diamide and heat stress. The mutant strain also exhibited reduced transcription of the thioredoxin reductase gene, which is known to be regulated by whcE. Based on the results, NCgl1497 was named spiE (stress protein interacting with WhcE). Collectively, our data suggest that spiE is involved in the whcE-mediated oxidative stress response pathway of C. glutamicum.
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Han G, Hu X, Qin T, Li Y, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 to produce S -adenosyl- l -methionine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 83:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shim J, Shin Y, Lee I, Kim SY. l-Methionine Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 159:153-177. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hong EJ, Kim P, Kim ES, Kim Y, Lee HS. Involvement of the osrR gene in the hydrogen peroxide-mediated stress response of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Res Microbiol 2015; 167:20-8. [PMID: 26433092 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A transcriptional profile of the H2O2-adapted Corynebacterium glutamicum HA strain reveals a list of upregulated regulatory genes. Among them, we selected ORF NCgl2298, designated osrR and analyzed its role in H2O2 adaptation. The osrR-deleted (ΔosrR) mutant had defective growth in minimal medium, which was even more pronounced in an osrR deletion mutant of an HA strain. The ΔosrR strain displayed increased sensitivity to H2O2. In addition to H2O2 sensitivity, the ΔosrR strain was found to be temperature-sensitive at 37 °C. 2D-PAGE analysis of the ΔosrR mutant found that MetE and several other proteins involved in redox metabolism were affected by the mutation. Accordingly, the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio of the ΔosrR strain (0.85) was much lower than that of the wild-type strain (2.01). In contrast, the NADH/NAD(+) ratio of the mutant (0.54) was considerably higher than that of the wild-type (0.21). Based on these findings, we propose that H2O2-detoxifying metabolic systems, excluding those involving catalase, are present in C. glutamicum and are regulated, in part, by osrR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Hong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si 339-700, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 420-743, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, 65 Semyeong-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong-si 339-700, Republic of Korea.
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Leßmeier L, Wendisch VF. Identification of two mutations increasing the methanol tolerance of Corynebacterium glutamicum. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:216. [PMID: 26474849 PMCID: PMC4609165 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methanol is present in most ecosystems and may also occur in industrial applications, e.g. as an impurity of carbon sources such as technical glycerol. Methanol often inhibits growth of bacteria, thus, methanol tolerance may limit fermentative production processes. Results The methanol tolerance of the amino acid producing soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum was improved by experimental evolution in the presence of methanol. The resulting strain Tol1 exhibited significantly increased growth rates in the presence of up to 1 M methanol. However, neither transcriptional changes nor increased enzyme activities of the linear methanol oxidation pathway were observed, which was in accordance with the finding that tolerance to the downstream metabolites formaldehyde and formate was not improved. Genome sequence analysis of strain Tol1 revealed two point mutations potentially relevant to enhanced methanol tolerance: one leading to the amino acid exchange A165T of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and the other leading to shortened CoA transferase Cat (Q342*). Introduction of either mutation into the genome of C. glutamicum wild type increased methanol tolerance and introduction of both mutations into C. glutamicum was sufficient to achieve methanol tolerance almost indistinguishable from that of strain Tol1. Conclusion The methanol tolerance of C. glutamicum can be increased by two point mutations leading to amino acid exchange of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and shortened CoA transferase Cat. Introduction of these mutations into producer strains may be helpful when using carbon sources containing methanol as component or impurity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0558-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Leßmeier
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.
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Bromke MA, Hesse H. Phylogenetic analysis of methionine synthesis genes from Thalassiosira pseudonana. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:391. [PMID: 26251775 PMCID: PMC4523565 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular algae responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. Their evolution by secondary endocytobiosis resulted in a complex cellular structure and metabolism compared to algae with primary plastids. The sulfate assimilation and methionine synthesis pathways provide S-containing amino acids for the synthesis of proteins and a range of metabolites such as dimethylsulfoniopropionate. To obtain an insight into the localization and organization of the sulfur metabolism pathways we surveyed the genome of Thalassiosira pseudonana-a model organism for diatom research. We have identified and annotated genes for enzymes involved in respective pathways. Protein localization was predicted using similarities to known signal peptide motifs. We performed detailed phylogenetic analyses of enzymes involved in sulfate uptake/reduction and methionine metabolism. Moreover, we have found in up-stream sequences of studied diatoms methionine biosynthesis genes a conserved motif, which shows similarity to the Met31, a cis-motif regulating expression of methionine biosynthesis genes in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz A Bromke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Holger Hesse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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32
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Involvement of the NADH oxidase-encoding noxA gene in oxidative stress responses in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1363-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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33
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Qin T, Hu X, Hu J, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum strain ATCC13032 to produce L-methionine. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:563-73. [PMID: 25196586 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
L-Methionine-producing strain QW102/pJYW-4-hom(m) -lysC(m) -brnFE was developed from Corynebacterium glutamicum strain ATCC13032, using metabolic engineering strategies. These strategies involved (i) deletion of the gene thrB encoding homoserine kinase to increase the precursor supply, (ii) deletion of the gene mcbR encoding the regulator McbR to release the transcriptional repression to various genes in the l-methionine biosynthetic pathway, (iii) overexpression of the gene lysC(m) encoding feedback-resistant aspartate kinase and the gene hom(m) encoding feedback-resistant homoserine dehydrogenase to further increase the precursor supply, and (iv) overexpression of the gene cluster brnF and brnE encoding the export protein complex BrnFE to increase extracellular l-methionine concentration. QW102/pJYW-4-hom(m) -lysC(m) -brnFE produced 42.2 mM (6.3 g/L) l-methionine after 64-H fed-batch fermentation. These results suggest that l-methionine-producing strains can be developed from wild-type C. glutamicum strains by rationally metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Methionine is essential in all organisms, as it is both a proteinogenic amino acid and a component of the cofactor, S-adenosyl methionine. The metabolic pathway for its biosynthesis has been extensively characterized in Escherichia coli; however, it is becoming apparent that most bacterial species do not use the E. coli pathway. Instead, studies on other organisms and genome sequencing data are uncovering significant diversity in the enzymes and metabolic intermediates that are used for methionine biosynthesis. This review summarizes the different biochemical strategies that are employed in the three key steps for methionine biosynthesis from homoserine (i.e. acylation, sulfurylation and methylation). A survey is presented of the presence and absence of the various biosynthetic enzymes in 1593 representative bacterial species, shedding light on the non-canonical nature of the E. coli pathway. This review also highlights ways in which knowledge of methionine biosynthesis can be utilized for biotechnological applications. Finally, gaps in the current understanding of bacterial methionine biosynthesis are noted. For example, the paper discusses the presence of one gene (metC) in a large number of species that appear to lack the gene encoding the enzyme for the preceding step in the pathway (metB), as it is understood in E. coli. Therefore, this review aims to move the focus away from E. coli, to better reflect the true diversity of bacterial pathways for methionine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo P. Ferla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Wayne M. Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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35
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Corynebacterium glutamicum sdhA encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit A plays a role in cysR-mediated sulfur metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6751-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Analysis of cepA encoding an efflux pump-like protein in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Microbiol 2014; 52:278-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Weissgerber T, Watanabe M, Hoefgen R, Dahl C. Metabolomic profiling of the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum during growth on different reduced sulfur compounds and malate. Metabolomics 2014; 10:1094-1112. [PMID: 25374486 PMCID: PMC4213376 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental fluctuations require rapid adjustment of the physiology of bacteria. Anoxygenic phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria, like Allochromatium vinosum, thrive in environments that are characterized by steep gradients of important nutrients for these organisms, i.e., reduced sulfur compounds, light, oxygen and carbon sources. Changing conditions necessitate changes on every level of the underlying cellular and molecular network. Thus far, two global analyses of A. vinosum responses to changes of nutritional conditions have been performed and these focused on gene expression and protein levels. Here, we provide a study on metabolite composition and relate it with transcriptional and proteomic profiling data to provide a more comprehensive insight on the systems level adjustment to available nutrients. We identified 131 individual metabolites and compared availability and concentration under four different growth conditions (sulfide, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, and malate) and on sulfide for a ΔdsrJ mutant strain. During growth on malate, cysteine was identified to be the least abundant amino acid. Concentrations of the metabolite classes "amino acids" and "organic acids" (i.e., pyruvate and its derivatives) were higher on malate than on reduced sulfur compounds by at least 20 and 50 %, respectively. Similar observations were made for metabolites assigned to anabolism of glucose. Growth on sulfur compounds led to enhanced concentrations of sulfur containing metabolites, while other cell constituents remained unaffected or decreased. Incapability of sulfur globule oxidation of the mutant strain was reflected by a low energy level of the cell and consequently reduced levels of amino acids (40 %) and sugars (65 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weissgerber
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- 0000 0004 0491 976Xgrid.418390.7Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Science Park Potsdam – Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- 0000 0004 0491 976Xgrid.418390.7Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Science Park Potsdam – Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christiane Dahl
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Park JS, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Kim ES, Kim P, Kim Y, Lee HS. The role of Corynebacterium glutamicum spiA gene in whcA-mediated oxidative stress gene regulation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 331:63-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Song Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Korea University; Jochiwon; Chungnam; Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Korea University; Jochiwon; Chungnam; Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- CJ Research Institute of Biotechnology; CJ Cheiljedang Corporation; Seoul; Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering; Inha University; Incheon; Korea
| | - Pil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon; Gyeonggi; Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine; Semyung University; Checheon; Chungbuk; Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Korea University; Jochiwon; Chungnam; Korea
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39
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Lee JY, Park JS, Kim HJ, Kim Y, Lee HS. Corynebacterium glutamicum whcB, a stationary phase-specific regulatory gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 327:103-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Korea University; Jochiwon; Chungnam; Korea
| | - Joon-Song Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Korea University; Jochiwon; Chungnam; Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- CJ Research Institute of Biotechnology; CJ Cheiljedang Corporation; Seoul; Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine; Semyung University; Checheon; Chungbuk; Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Korea University; Jochiwon; Chungnam; Korea
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40
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Forquin MP, Hébert A, Roux A, Aubert J, Proux C, Heilier JF, Landaud S, Junot C, Bonnarme P, Martin-Verstraete I. Global regulation of the response to sulfur availability in the cheese-related bacterium Brevibacterium aurantiacum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1449-59. [PMID: 21169450 PMCID: PMC3067248 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01708-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we combined metabolic reconstruction, growth assays, and metabolome and transcriptome analyses to obtain a global view of the sulfur metabolic network and of the response to sulfur availability in Brevibacterium aurantiacum. In agreement with the growth of B. aurantiacum in the presence of sulfate and cystine, the metabolic reconstruction showed the presence of a sulfate assimilation pathway, thiolation pathways that produce cysteine (cysE and cysK) or homocysteine (metX and metY) from sulfide, at least one gene of the transsulfuration pathway (aecD), and genes encoding three MetE-type methionine synthases. We also compared the expression profiles of B. aurantiacum ATCC 9175 during sulfur starvation or in the presence of sulfate. Under sulfur starvation, 690 genes, including 21 genes involved in sulfur metabolism and 29 genes encoding amino acids and peptide transporters, were differentially expressed. We also investigated changes in pools of sulfur-containing metabolites and in expression profiles after growth in the presence of sulfate, cystine, or methionine plus cystine. The expression of genes involved in sulfate assimilation and cysteine synthesis was repressed in the presence of cystine, whereas the expression of metX, metY, metE1, metE2, and BL613, encoding a probable cystathionine-γ-synthase, decreased in the presence of methionine. We identified three ABC transporters: two operons encoding transporters were transcribed more strongly during cysteine limitation, and one was transcribed more strongly during methionine depletion. Finally, the expression of genes encoding a methionine γ-lyase (BL929) and a methionine transporter (metPS) was induced in the presence of methionine in conjunction with a significant increase in volatile sulfur compound production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Forquin
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Hébert
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Roux
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Julie Aubert
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Proux
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Heilier
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Landaud
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Bonnarme
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Martin-Verstraete
- INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 782 Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, DSV/iBiTec-S, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR 518 Mathématiques et Informatiques Appliquées, Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Puces à ADN, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Brussels, Belgium, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
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Fränzel B, Trötschel C, Rückert C, Kalinowski J, Poetsch A, Wolters DA. Adaptation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to salt-stress conditions. Proteomics 2010; 10:445-57. [PMID: 19950167 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the biotechnologically most important microorganisms because of its ability to enrich amino acids extracellularly. Hence, C. glutamicum requires effective adaptation strategies against both hypo- and hyperosmotic stress. We give a comprehensive and coherent outline about the quantitative dynamics of C. glutamicum during adaptation to hyperosmotic stress at the transcript and protein levels. The osmolyte carrier ProP, playing a pivotal role in hyperosmotic stress defence, exhibits the strongest up-regulation of all proteins. A conspicuously regulated group comprises proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis of the cell envelope. This is in accordance with our observation of a more viscous and stickier cell envelope, which is supported by the findings of an altered lipid composition. Together with our results, showing that several transporters were down-regulated, this membrane adaptation appears to be one of C. glutamicum's major protection strategies against hyperosmotic stress. In addition, we demonstrate that no oxidative stress and no iron limitation occur during salt stress contrary to former postulations. Ultimately, it is remarkable that various proteins with divergent mRNA-protein dynamics and regulation have been observed. This leads to the assumption that there are still unknown mechanisms in between the bacterial transcription, translation and post-translation and that these are waiting to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fränzel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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The regulator RamA influences cmytA transcription and cell morphology of Corynebacterium ammoniagenes. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:92-100. [PMID: 20107993 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RamA plays a regulatory role for acetate utilization and S-layer biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Looking for any additional role, the function of RamA was analyzed in Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, which is closely related to C. glutamicum. In this study, we showed that the DeltaramA mutant constructed by a markerless knockout strategy possessed increased cell surface hydrophobicity, leading to the formation of aggregated cell masses in liquid media. In addition, the mutant exhibited an elongated cell shape as observed by SEM, suggesting that cell wall-associated proteins might be influenced. Furthermore, cell surface proteome analysis revealed that the expression of cmytA gene encoding corynomycoloyl transferase required for cell wall biosynthesis was down-regulated in the mutant, supporting the regulatory role of RamA in cell wall assembly. These studies support a novel regulatory role of RamA in inducing the expression of proteins required for cell wall assembly.
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Lee SM, Hwang BJ, Kim Y, Lee HS. The cmaR gene of Corynebacterium ammoniagenes performs a novel regulatory role in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:1878-1889. [PMID: 19383689 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.024976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel regulatory gene, which performs an essential function in sulfur metabolism, has been identified inCorynebacterium ammoniagenesand was designatedcmaR(cysteine andmethionine regulator inC.ammoniagenes). ThecmaR-disrupted strain (ΔcmaR) lost the ability to grow on minimal medium, and was identified as a methionine and cysteine double auxotroph. The mutant strain proved unable to convert cysteine to methionine (and vice versa), and lost the ability to assimilate and reduce sulfate to sulfide. In the ΔcmaRstrain, the mRNAs of the methionine biosynthetic genesmetYX,metBandmetFEwere significantly reduced, and the activities of the methionine biosynthetic enzymes cystathionineγ-synthase,O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase, and cystathionineβ-lyase were relatively low, thereby suggesting that thecmaRgene exerts a positive regulatory effect on methionine biosynthetic genes. In addition, with the exception ofcysK, reduced transcription levels of the sulfur-assimilatory genescysIXYZandcysHDNwere noted in thecmaR-disrupted strain, which suggests that sulfur assimilation is also under the positive control of thecmaRgene. Furthermore, the expression of thecmaRgene itself was strongly induced via the addition of cysteine or methionine alone, but not the introduction of both amino acids together to the growth medium. In addition, the expression of thecmaRgene was enhanced in anmcbR-disrupted strain, which suggests thatcmaRis under the negative control of McbR, which has been identified as a global regulator of sulfur metabolism. DNA binding of the purified CmaR protein to the promoter region of its target genes could be demonstratedin vitro. No metabolite effector was required for the protein to bind DNA. These results demonstrated that thecmaRgene ofC. ammoniagenesplays a role similar to but distinct from that of the functional homologuecysRofCorynebacterium glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Myung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Hwang
- R&D Center, Daesang Co. 125-8, Pyokyo-Ri, Majang-Myun, Ichon, Kyoungki 467-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Checheon, Chungbuk 390-230, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea
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Choi WW, Park SD, Lee SM, Kim HB, Kim Y, Lee HS. ThewhcAgene plays a negative role in oxidative stress response ofCorynebacterium glutamicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 290:32-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Krömer JO, Bolten CJ, Heinzle E, Schröder H, Wittmann C. Physiological response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to oxidative stress induced by deletion of the transcriptional repressor McbR. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:3917-3930. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/021204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens O. Krömer
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Bolten
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Wittmann
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Transcriptional regulation of Corynebacterium glutamicum methionine biosynthesis genes in response to methionine supplementation under oxygen deprivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:505-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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de Berardinis V, Vallenet D, Castelli V, Besnard M, Pinet A, Cruaud C, Samair S, Lechaplais C, Gyapay G, Richez C, Durot M, Kreimeyer A, Le Fèvre F, Schächter V, Pezo V, Döring V, Scarpelli C, Médigue C, Cohen GN, Marlière P, Salanoubat M, Weissenbach J. A complete collection of single-gene deletion mutants of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. Mol Syst Biol 2008; 4:174. [PMID: 18319726 PMCID: PMC2290942 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2008.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a collection of single-gene deletion mutants for all dispensable genes of the soil bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. A total of 2594 deletion mutants were obtained, whereas 499 (16%) were not, and are therefore candidate essential genes for life on minimal medium. This essentiality data set is 88% consistent with the Escherichia coli data set inferred from the Keio mutant collection profiled for growth on minimal medium, while 80% of the orthologous genes described as essential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also essential in ADP1. Several strategies were undertaken to investigate ADP1 metabolism by (1) searching for discrepancies between our essentiality data and current metabolic knowledge, (2) comparing this essentiality data set to those from other organisms, (3) systematic phenotyping of the mutant collection on a variety of carbon sources (quinate, 2-3 butanediol, glucose, etc.). This collection provides a new resource for the study of gene function by forward and reverse genetic approaches and constitutes a robust experimental data source for systems biology approaches.
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Park SD, Youn JW, Kim YJ, Lee SM, Kim Y, Lee HS. Corynebacterium glutamicum
σ
E is involved in responses to cell surface stresses and its activity is controlled by the anti-σ factor CseE. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:915-923. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/012690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Dong Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Youn
- Institute of Biotechnology 1, Heinrich Heine University, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Myung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Checheon, Chungbuk 390-230, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Shick Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea
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del Castillo-Lozano ML, Mansour S, Tâche R, Bonnarme P, Landaud S. The effect of cysteine on production of volatile sulphur compounds by cheese-ripening bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 122:321-7. [PMID: 18262300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cysteine on the ability of smear cheese-ripening bacteria (Brevibacterium linens and Arthrobacter spp) to produce volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) from methionine was studied. These bacteria were cultivated in a synthetic medium supplemented with various cysteine concentrations with or without methionine. Cultures with only cysteine showed slightly lower levels of VSC produced and an unpleasant odour like rotten eggs, resulting from hydrogen sulphide production. The levels and profiles of VSC produced with supplemented methionine-cysteine mixtures had strain-dependant behaviours. However, the highest levels of dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl tetrasulfide were observed when increasing the cysteine concentration from 0.2 to 1.0 gl(-1) at the same methionine concentration (1.0 gl(-1)). In contrast, production levels of thioesters, especially S-methylthio acetate, were reduced by 50 and 80% under such conditions. An initial sensory approach showed that such an effect could have a strong impact on the global odour of ripened cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López del Castillo-Lozano
- UMR 782, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
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50
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Metabolism of Methionine in Plants and Phototrophic Bacteria. SULFUR METABOLISM IN PHOTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6863-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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