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Gawin A, Ertesvåg H, Hansen SAH, Malmo J, Brautaset T. Translational regulation of periplasmic folding assistants and proteases as a valuable strategy to improve production of translocated recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:24. [PMID: 32393331 PMCID: PMC7216727 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advantages of translocation of recombinant proteins to the periplasm in Escherichia coli include simplified downstream processing, and improved folding and in vivo activity of the target protein. There are, however, problems encountered in the periplasmic production that can be associated with the incorrect formation of disulfide bonds, incomplete cleavage of the signal peptide, and proteolytic degradation. A common strategy used to overcome these difficulties involves manipulating the cellular levels of proteases and periplasmic folding assistants like chaperones, signal peptide peptidases or thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. To date, this has been achieved by plasmid-based over-expression or knockouts of the relevant genes. Results We changed the translation efficiencies of five native E. coli proteins, DsbA, DsbB, Skp, SppA, and DegP, by modifying the strength of their ribosome binding sites (RBS). The genomic RBS sequences were replaced with synthetic ones that provided a predicted translation initiation rate. Single- and double-gene mutant strains were created and tested for production of two pharmaceutically relevant proteins, PelB-scFv173–2-5-AP and OmpA-GM-CSF. Almost all the single-gene mutant strains showed improved periplasmic production of at least one of the recombinant proteins. No further positive effects were observed when the mutations were combined. Conclusions Our findings confirm that our strain engineering approach involving translational regulation of endogenous proteins, in addition to plasmid-based methods, can be used to manipulate the cellular levels of periplasmic folding assistants and proteases to improve the yields of translocated recombinant proteins. The positive effects of SppA overexpression should be further investigated in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gawin
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælandsvei 6-8, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helga Ertesvåg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælandsvei 6-8, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sine Alise Hartvigsen Hansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælandsvei 6-8, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jostein Malmo
- Vectron Biosolutions AS, Abels gt 5, N-7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Brautaset
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælandsvei 6-8, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Davey L, Cohen A, LeBlanc J, Halperin SA, Lee SF. The disulfide oxidoreductase SdbA is active in Streptococcus gordonii using a single C-terminal cysteine of the CXXC motif. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:236-53. [PMID: 26395460 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified a novel disulfide oxidoreductase, SdbA, in the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii. Disulfide oxidoreductases form disulfide bonds in nascent proteins using a CXXC catalytic motif. Typically, the N-terminal cysteine interacts with substrates, whereas the C-terminal cysteine is buried and only reacts with the first cysteine of the motif. In this study, we investigated the SdbA C(86) P(87) D(88) C(89) catalytic motif. In vitro, SdbA single cysteine variants at the N or C-terminal position (SdbAC86P and SdbAC89A ) were active but displayed different susceptibility to oxidation, and N-terminal cysteine was prone to sulfenylation. In S. gordonii, mutants with a single N-terminal cysteine were inactive and formed unstable disulfide adducts with other proteins. Activity was partially restored by inactivation of pyruvate oxidase, a hydrogen peroxide generator. Presence of the C-terminal cysteine alone (in the SdbAC86P variant) could complement the ΔsdbA mutant and restore disulfide bond formation in recombinant and natural protein substrates. These results provide evidence that certain disulfide oxidoreductases can catalyze disulfide bond formation using a single cysteine of the CXXC motif, including the buried C-terminal cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Davey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology (CCfV), Dalhousie University and the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alejandro Cohen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason LeBlanc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority (NSHA), Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology (CCfV), Dalhousie University and the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Song F Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology (CCfV), Dalhousie University and the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Stampolidis P, Kaderbhai NN, Kaderbhai MA. Presence and role of a second disulphide bond in recombinant lupanine hydroxylase using site-directed mutagenesis with 143Cys→Ser and 124,143Cys→Ser mutations in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 334:35-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Stampolidis
- Department of Molecular Biology; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried; Germany
| | - Naheed N. Kaderbhai
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences; Aberystwyth University; Aberystwyth; UK
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Niba ETE, Naka Y, Nagase M, Mori H, Kitakawa M. A genome-wide approach to identify the genes involved in biofilm formation in E. coli. DNA Res 2008; 14:237-46. [PMID: 18180259 PMCID: PMC2779908 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsm024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm forming cells are distinctive from the well-investigated planktonic cells and exhibit a different type of gene expression. Several new Escherichia coli genes related to biofilm formation have recently been identified through genomic approaches such as DNA microarray analysis. However, many others involved in this process might have escaped detection due to poor expression, regulatory mechanism, or genetic backgrounds. Here, we screened a collection of single-gene deletion mutants of E. coli named ‘Keio collection’ to identify genes required for biofilm formation. Of the 3985 mutants of non-essential genes in the collection thus examined, 110 showed a reduction in biofilm formation nine of which have not been well characterized yet. Systematic and quantitative analysis revealed the involvement of genes of various functions and reinforced the importance in biofilm formation of the genes for cell surface structures and cell membrane. Characterization of the nine mutants of function-unknown genes indicated that some of them, such as yfgA that genetically interacts with a periplasmic chaperone gene surA together with yciB and yciM, might be required for the integrity of outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tabe Eko Niba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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5
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Lee Y, Kim Y, Yeom S, Kim S, Park S, Jeon CO, Park W. The role of disulfide bond isomerase A (DsbA) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilm formation and virulence. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 278:213-22. [PMID: 18067575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of periplasmic disulfide oxidoreductase DsbA in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC) was investigated. Deletion of dsbA (DeltadsbA) significantly decreased cell motility and alkaline phosphatase activity in STEC. STEC DeltadsbA also showed greater sensitivity to menadione and under low pH conditions. Significant reductions in surface attachment to both biotic (HT-29 epithelial cells) and abiotic (polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride) surfaces were observed in STEC DeltadsbA. In addition, no biofilm formation was detected in STEC DeltadsbA compared to wild-type cells in glass capillary tubes under continuous flow-culture system conditions. In the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans-killing assay, the deletion of dsbA in STEC resulted in attenuated virulence compared to wild-type cells. STEC DeltadsbA was also found to have a reduced ability to colonize the nematode gut. These results suggest that DsbA plays important roles in biofilm formation and virulence in STEC cells.
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Eydallin G, Viale AM, Morán-Zorzano MT, Muñoz FJ, Montero M, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Genome-wide screening of genes affecting glycogen metabolism in Escherichia coli K-12. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2947-53. [PMID: 17543954 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic and comprehensive gene-disrupted mutant collection of E. coli K-12 was used to identify genes whose deletions affect glycogen accumulation. Of the 3985 non-essential gene mutants of the collection, 35 displayed a glycogen-excess phenotype, whereas 30 displayed either glycogen-less or glycogen-deficient phenotypes. The genes whose deletions affect glycogen accumulation were classified into various functional categories, including energy production, envelope composition and integrity, protein translation and stability, transport of inorganic ions and nucleotides, and metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. The overall data indicate that glycogen metabolism is highly interconnected with a wide variety of cellular processes in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Eydallin
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Gobierno de Navarra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Mutiloako etorbidea zenbaki gabe, Mutiloabeiti, Nafarroa, Spain
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Inaba K, Murakami S, Suzuki M, Nakagawa A, Yamashita E, Okada K, Ito K. Crystal Structure of the DsbB-DsbA Complex Reveals a Mechanism of Disulfide Bond Generation. Cell 2006; 127:789-801. [PMID: 17110337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of cysteine pairs to disulfide requires cellular factors present in the bacterial periplasmic space. DsbB is an E. coli membrane protein that oxidizes DsbA, a periplasmic dithiol oxidase. To gain insight into disulfide bond formation, we determined the crystal structure of the DsbB-DsbA complex at 3.7 A resolution. The structure of DsbB revealed four transmembrane helices and one short horizontal helix juxtaposed with Cys130 in the mobile periplasmic loop. Whereas DsbB in the resting state contains a Cys104-Cys130 disulfide, Cys104 in the binary complex is engaged in the intermolecular disulfide bond and captured by the hydrophobic groove of DsbA, resulting in separation from Cys130. This cysteine relocation prevents the backward resolution of the complex and allows Cys130 to approach and activate the disulfide-generating reaction center composed of Cys41, Cys44, Arg48, and ubiquinone. We propose that DsbB is converted by its specific substrate, DsbA, to a superoxidizing enzyme, capable of oxidizing this extremely oxidizing oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inaba
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Inaba K, Takahashi YH, Ito K, Hayashi S. Critical role of a thiolate-quinone charge transfer complex and its adduct form in de novo disulfide bond generation by DsbB. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 103:287-92. [PMID: 16384917 PMCID: PMC1323469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507570103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed numerous examples in which oxidation and reduction of cysteines in proteins are integrated into specific cascades of biological regulatory systems. In general, these reactions proceed as thiol-disulfide exchange events. However, it is not exactly understood how a disulfide bond is created de novo. DsbB, an Escherichia coli plasma membrane protein, is one of the enzymes that create a new disulfide bond within itself and in DsbA, the direct catalyst of protein disulfide bond formation in the periplasmic space. DsbB is associated with a cofactor, either ubiquinone or menaquinone, as a source of an oxidizing equivalent. The DsbB-bound quinone undergoes transition to a pink (lambdamax, approximately 500 nm, ubiquinone) or violet (lambdamax, approximately 550 nm, menaquinone)-colored state during the course of the DsbB enzymatic reaction. Here we show that not only the thiolate form of Cys-44 previously suggested but also Arg-48 in the alpha-helical arrangement is essential for the quinone transition. Quantum chemical simulations indicate that proper positioning of thiolate anion and ubiquinone in conjunction with positively charged guanidinium moiety of arginine allows the formation of a thiolate-ubiquinone charge transfer complex with absorption peaks at approximately 500 nm as well as a cysteinylquinone covalent adduct. We propose that the charge transfer state leads to the transition state adduct that accepts a nucleophilic attack from another cysteine to generate a disulfide bond de novo. A similar mechanism is conceivable for a class of eukaryotic dithiol oxidases having a FAD cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inaba
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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