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CHANG JC, FOLTZ VD. Observations on Pathogenic Coliform Bacteria from the Adult Human Mouth. J Dent Res 2016; 39:1120-7. [PMID: 13692326 DOI: 10.1177/00220345600390060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zdorovenko EL, Golomidova AK, Prokhorov NS, Shashkov AS, Wang L, Letarov AV, Knirel YA. Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O87. Carbohydr Res 2015; 412:15-8. [PMID: 25988496 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The following structure of the O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli HS1/2 serving as a primary receptor for bacteriophage DT57-12 was elucidated by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy: This structure is shared by E. coli O87 type strain. Putatively assigned functions of genes in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O87 are consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla K Golomidova
- S. N. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai S Prokhorov
- S. N. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Andrei V Letarov
- S. N. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Mossel D, Pflug IJ. Occurrence, prevention, and monitoring of microbial quality loss of foods and dairy products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10643387509381624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Wang L. Structure and genetics ofShigellaO antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:627-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shepherd JG, Wang L, Reeves PR. Comparison of O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli (Shigella) sonnei and Plesiomonas shigelloides O17: sonnei gained its current plasmid-borne O-antigen genes from P. shigelloides in a recent event. Infect Immun 2000; 68:6056-61. [PMID: 10992522 PMCID: PMC101574 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.10.6056-6061.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2000] [Accepted: 07/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli Sonnei has an O antigen identical to that of Plesiomonas shigelloides O17, and its O-antigen gene cluster is located on a plasmid. By sequencing the chromosomal O-antigen gene cluster of P. shigelloides O17 and comparing it with that of Sonnei, we showed that Sonnei gained its O-antigen genes recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Wang L, Reeves PR. The Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35 gene clusters: gene clusters encoding the same colitose-containing O antigen are highly conserved. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5256-61. [PMID: 10960113 PMCID: PMC94677 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.18.5256-5261.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O antigen is part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica each have many forms of O antigen, but only three are common to the two species. It has been found that, in general, O-antigen genes are of low GC content. This deviation in GC content from that of typical S. enterica or E. coli genes (51%) is thought to indicate that the O-antigen DNA originated in species other than S. enterica or E. coli and was captured by lateral transfer. The O-antigen structure of Salmonella enterica O35 is identical to that of E. coli O111, commonly found in enteropathogenic E. coli strains. This O antigen, which has been shown to be a virulence factor in E. coli, contains colitose, a 3,6-dideoxyhexose found only rarely in the Enterobacteriaceae. Sequencing of the O35-antigen gene cluster of S. enterica serovar Adelaide revealed the same gene order and flanking genes as in E. coli O111. The divergence between corresponding genes of these two gene clusters at the nucleotide level ranges from 21.8 to 11.7%, within the normal range of divergence between S. enterica and E. coli. We conclude that the ancestor of E. coli and S. enterica had an O antigen identical to the O111 and O35 antigens, respectively, of these species and that the gene cluster encoding it has survived in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Sydney, N.S.W. Australia
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Lai V, Wang L, Reeves PR. Escherichia coli clone Sonnei (Shigella sonnei) had a chromosomal O-antigen gene cluster prior to gaining its current plasmid-borne O-antigen genes. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:2983-6. [PMID: 9603891 PMCID: PMC107268 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.11.2983-2986.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
O antigen is part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. The surface-exposed O antigen is subject to selection by the host immune system, which may account for the maintenance of many different O-antigen forms. Characteristically, all genes specific to O-antigen synthesis are clustered in a region close to the his and gnd genes on the chromosome of Escherichia coli and related species. Shigella sonnei, essentially a clone of E. coli (E. coli clone Sonnei), is an important human pathogen and is unusual in that its O-antigen gene cluster is located on a plasmid. Our results suggest that it once had a normal chromosomal O-antigen gene cluster which has been largely deleted. We suggest that the O antigen encoded by the plasmid-borne genes offered a selective advantage in adapting to a new environment and that the chromosomal O-antigen genes were eventually inactivated. We also identified, by PCR and sequencing, a potential ancestor of E. coli Sonnei among the 166 known E. coli serotype strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Pupo GM, Karaolis DK, Lan R, Reeves PR. Evolutionary relationships among pathogenic and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains inferred from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and mdh sequence studies. Infect Immun 1997; 65:2685-92. [PMID: 9199437 PMCID: PMC175379 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.7.2685-2692.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the species Escherichia coli, there are commensal strains and a variety of pathogenic strains, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and urinary tract infection (UTI) strains. The pathogenic strains are identified by serotype and by possession of specific virulence determinants (toxins and adhesions, etc.) encoded by either monocistronic genes, plasmids, or pathogenicity islands. Although there are studies on the relationships between selected pathogenic strains, the relatedness among the majority of the pathogenic forms to each other, to commensal E. coli, and to the genus Shigella (which has often been suggested to be part of E. coli) has not been determined. We used multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) at 10 enzyme loci and the sequence of the mdh housekeeping gene to study the genetic relationships of pathogenic E. coli strains (including Shigella clones), namely, 5 EPEC strains (serotypes O111 and O55), 3 EHEC strains (serotype O157), 6 ETEC strains (serotypes O78, O159, and O148), 5 EIEC strains (serotypes O124, O28, and O112), and 13 Shigella strains representing clones Flexneri, Dysenteriae, Boydii, and Sonnei, to commensal E. coli strains. Both the MLEE and mdh sequence trees reveal that EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EIEC, and UTI strains are distributed among the ECOR set groups, with no overall clustering of EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, or UTI strains. The genus Shigella is shown to comprise a group of closely related pathogenic E. coli strains. Six pathogenic strains, i.e., M502 (EIEC; O112ac:NM), M503 (EPEC; O111:H12), M526 (ETEC; O159:H4), M522 (EPEC; O111ac:H12), M524 (ETEC; O78:H11), and M506 (ETEC; O78:H11), were found to have mdh sequences identical to those of five ECOR group A strains (ECOR5, ECOR10, ECOR14, ECOR6, and K-12). All 11 strains are closely related by MLEE. The results indicate that pathogenic strains of E. coli do not have a single evolutionary origin within E. coli but have arisen many times. The results also suggest the possibility that any E. coli strain acquiring the appropriate virulence factors may give rise to a pathogenic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Pupo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Karaolis DK, Lan R, Reeves PR. Sequence variation in Shigella sonnei (Sonnei), a pathogenic clone of Escherichia coli, over four continents and 41 years. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:796-802. [PMID: 7910830 PMCID: PMC263127 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.3.796-802.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic variation within a bacterial clone (known as Shigella sonnei but in effect a clone of Escherichia coli) was examined by studying 46 clinical isolates that were epidemiologically unassociated and isolated from patients in different countries over a period of 41 years (1950 to 1991). Restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing of two housekeeping genes, mglB and gnd, in 10 strains revealed only one nucleotide substitution in the mglB gene in one strain. Ribotyping of 31 strains recovered from five countries over the 41 years proved more sensitive, detecting eight polymorphic sites with worldwide change in frequency of alleles at one site over the period studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Karaolis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dmitriev BA, Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK, Jann B, Jann K. Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the 'Shigella-like' Escherichia coli 058. Structure of the polysaccharide chain. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 79:111-5. [PMID: 334542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two lipopolysaccharide preparations were obtained from Escherichia coli 058 by extraction with 45% aqueous phenol and fractional precipitation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (Cetavlon). Chemical analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that the two preparations differed only in the extent of the O-specific polysaccharide moiety. The O-specific polysaccharide was characterized with proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, optical rotation and paper electrophoresis. Using gas-liquid chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography, it was shown to contain D-mannose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 3-O-(R-1'-carboxyethyl)-L-rhamnose (rhamnolactylic acid), and O-acetyl groups in the molar ratios of 2:1:1:1. The polysaccharide and oligosaccharides obtained from it were subjected to methylation and chromic acid oxidation. The results obtained indicated that the polysaccharide consists of tetrasaccharide repeating units in which the trisaccharide beta-GlcNAc1 - 4alphaMan-1 - 4(2/3-O-Ac)-Man is substituted at C-3 of the non-acetylated mannose with rhamnolactylic acid. The repeating units are joined through alpha-mannosyl-1 - 3-glucosamine bonds. This structure is identical with that of the cell wall polysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 5.
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Orskov I, Orskov F, Jann B, Jann K. Serology, chemistry, and genetics of O and K antigens of Escherichia coli. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1977; 41:667-710. [PMID: 334154 PMCID: PMC414020 DOI: 10.1128/br.41.3.667-710.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dmitriev BA, Lvov VL, Kochetkov NK, Jann B, Jann K. Cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of the 'Shigella-like' Escherichia coli 0124. Structure of the polysaccharide chain. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 64:491-8. [PMID: 819266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
From Escherichia coli 0124 two lipopolysaccharide preparations were obtained with phenol/water extraction and cetavlon precipitation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate and chemical analysis showed that the two preparations from E. coli 0124 and the corresponding preparations from Shigella dysenteriae type 3 reacted alike. The O-specific polysaccharide moiety was characterized with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical rotation and paper electrophoresis. The constituents were determined by gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The polysaccharide contained glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), galactosamine (GalN) and 4-O-(1'-carboxyethyl)-D-glucopyranose (glucolactilic acid, GlcLA) in the molar ratios of 1:2:1:1. Glucolactilic acid, which has a structure similar to muramic acid, was first found in Sh. dysenteriae. The polysaccharide from E. coli 0124 and oligosaccharides obtained from it by partial acid hydrolysis were subjected to methylation analysis using the method of combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide is (see article). In the polysaccharide the repeating units are joined through galactofuranosidic linkages. This structure is identical with that of the somatic polysaccharide of Sh. dysenterae type 3.
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Dmitriev BA, Backinowsky LV, Lvov VL, Kochetkov NK, Hofman IL. Somatic antigen of Shigella dysenteriae type 3. Structural features of specific polysaccharide chain. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 50:539-47. [PMID: 1089541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb09894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
On mild acid hydrolysis of lipolysaccharide from Shigella dysenteriae type 3 the O-specific polysaccharide (hapten) was obtained which appeared to be acidic branched hexosaminoglycan. The repeating unit of this polysaccharide represents a pentasaccharide composed of two D-galactose residues, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-glucose and unidentified acidic component. On the basis of methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis and chromic anhydride oxidation it is concluded that the structure of the chemical repeating unit of polysaccharide is (see article) where Glcp is glucopyranose, Galp is galactopyranose, Galf is galactofuranose, GalNAcp is 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose and where the configuration of galactofuranoside glycosidic linkage and the structure of the acidic monosaccharide A are not known.
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Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica serotype IX has been found to stimulate the production of vibriocidal antibody against Vibrio cholerae, particularly in Inaba serotype, in experimental rabbits and infected man to a significant degree. This activity could be absorbed by both Inaba and Yersinia antigens from anti-yersinia sera, but Yersinia antigen could not absorb vibriocidal activity from the anti-cholera sera, indicating a unilateral relation.Vibrio agglutinating antibody, particularly against Ogawa, in anti-yersinia rabbit or human sera was found to be less liable to non-specific stimulation.V. cholerae, while removing vibriocidal antibody, could not absorb the Yersinia agglutinin from anti-yersinia sera, suggesting that there is a different determinant for these two types of antibody activities.The non-specific production of vibriocidal antibody by Y. enterocolitica type IX indicates the need for caution in the interpretation of the results of vibriocidal tests where such organisms are prevalent.
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Stenzel W. Sh. scholtensii und Sh. manolovii — zwei zur Untergruppe D zu stellende provisorische Shigella-Typen. Med Microbiol Immunol 1962. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02156781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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MATSUMOTO H, HARA S. ESCHERICHIA COLI 0124: K72 (B) : H12; A NEW SEROTYPE OF E. COLI. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY 1959; 12:471-2. [PMID: 13848622 DOI: 10.7883/yoken1952.12.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The results of continued biochemical and serological studies on a number of previously described provisional Shigella serotypes are reported. On the basis of the results obtained it is suggested that provisional serotypes 58 and 2050-52 may now be added to Shigella subgroup A as Shigella dysenteriae 9 and S. dysenteriae 10, respectively, and that serotypes 123, 425, 2770-51, and 703 may be added to Shigella subgroup C as Shigella boydii 12, S. boydii 13, S. boydii 14, and S. boydii 15, respectively. It is suggested that the status of serotypes 3873-50, 3615-53, and 1621-54 remain provisional for the present. Also, the biochemical and serological relationships of three new provisional Shigella serotypes are reported. These are serotypes 2000-53, 3341-55, and 2710-54.The status of several other serotypes, some of which were previously described as provisional shigellae, have been investigated and discussed and it is concluded that these are not shigellae but anaerogenic Escherichia coli instead.
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SLACK JM, SPEARS RG, SNODGRASS WG, KUCHLER RJ. Studies with microaerophilic actinomycetes. II. Serological groups as determined by the reciprocal agglutinin adsorption technique. J Bacteriol 1955; 70:400-4. [PMID: 13263308 PMCID: PMC386239 DOI: 10.1128/jb.70.4.400-404.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cefalù M. Shigella boydii: „provisorische“ Typen und Einteilung der Gruppe. Med Microbiol Immunol 1955. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02156968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Serologische Kreuzreaktionen zwischen Listeria monocytogenes und Enterokokken. Med Microbiol Immunol 1955. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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EWING WH, TANNER KE, TATUM HW. A new serotype of Escherichia coli associated with infantile diarrhea. PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1896) 1955; 70:107-14. [PMID: 13237396 PMCID: PMC2024565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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CEFALU M. [Shigella boydii; temporary types and classification of the group]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HYGIENE UND INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN; MEDIZINISCHE MIKROBIOLOGIE, IMMUNOLOGIE UND VIROLOGIE 1955; 141:421-8. [PMID: 13300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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SEELIGER H. [Serological cross-reaction between Listeria monocytogenes and enterococcus]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HYGIENE UND INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN; MEDIZINISCHE MIKROBIOLOGIE, IMMUNOLOGIE UND VIROLOGIE 1955; 141:15-24. [PMID: 13248039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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