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Kristiansen PA, Diomandé F, Wei SC, Ouédraogo R, Sangaré L, Sanou I, Kandolo D, Kaboré P, Clark TA, Ouédraogo AS, Absatou KB, Ouédraogo CD, Hassan-King M, Thomas JD, Hatcher C, Djingarey M, Messonnier N, Préziosi MP, LaForce M, Caugant DA. Baseline meningococcal carriage in Burkina Faso before the introduction of a meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:435-43. [PMID: 21228139 PMCID: PMC3067389 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00479-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage study to determine the baseline carriage rate and serogroup distribution before vaccine introduction in the 1- to 29-year old population in Burkina Faso, the group chosen for the first introduction of the vaccine. A multiple cross-sectional carriage study was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Burkina Faso in 2009. Every 3 months, oropharyngeal samples were collected from >5,000 randomly selected individuals within a 4-week period. Isolation and identification of the meningococci from 20,326 samples were performed by national laboratories in Burkina Faso. Confirmation and further strain characterization, including genogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, and porA-fetA sequencing, were performed in Norway. The overall carriage prevalence for meningococci was 3.98%; the highest prevalence was among the 15- to 19-year-olds for males and among the 10- to 14-year-olds for females. Serogroup Y dominated (2.28%), followed by serogroups X (0.44%), A (0.39%), and W135 (0.34%). Carriage prevalence was the highest in the rural districts and in the dry season, but serogroup distribution also varied by district. A total of 29 sequence types (STs) and 51 porA-fetA combinations were identified. The dominant clone was serogroup Y, ST-4375, P1.5-1,2-2/F5-8, belonging to the ST-23 complex (47%). All serogroup A isolates were ST-2859 of the ST-5 complex with P1.20,9/F3-1. This study forms a solid basis for evaluating the impact of MenAfriVac introduction on serogroup A carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Kristiansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fabien Diomandé
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stanley C. Wei
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmata Ouédraogo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Idrissa Sanou
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis Kandolo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal Kaboré
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas A. Clark
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ki Ba Absatou
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles D. Ouédraogo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Musa Hassan-King
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Dolan Thomas
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cynthia Hatcher
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mamoudou Djingarey
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nancy Messonnier
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie-Pierre Préziosi
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc LaForce
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique A. Caugant
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, WHO Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, WHO Multi Disease Surveillance Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministry of Health, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Centre Hospitalier Régional Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Ferney, France, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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