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Dai Y, Zhu X, Chang W, Lu H, Nie Z, Wu Y, Yao H, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Chu X. Clinical and economic evaluation of blood culture whole process optimisation in critically ill adult patients with positive blood cultures. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107176. [PMID: 38642811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimising blood culture processing is important to ensure that bloodstream infections are accurately diagnosed while minimising adverse events caused by antibiotic abuse. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of optimised blood culture processes on antibiotic use, clinical outcomes and economics in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with positive blood cultures. METHODS From March 2020 to October 2021, this microbiology laboratory implemented a series of improvement measures, including the clinical utility of Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization (FAN® PLUS) bottles for the BacT/Alert Virtuo blood culture system, optimisation of bottle reception, graded reports and an upgraded laboratory information system. A total of 122 ICU patients were included in the pre-optimisation group from March 2019 to February 2020, while 179 ICU patients were included in the post-optimisation group from November 2021 to October 2022. RESULTS Compared with the pre-optimisation group, the average reporting time of identification and antimicrobial sensitivity was reduced by 16.72 hours in the optimised group. The time from admission to targeted antibiotic therapy within 24 hours after receiving both the Gram stain report and the final report were both significantly less in the post-optimisation group compared with the pre-optimisation group. The average hospitalisation time was reduced by 6.49 days, the average antimicrobial drug cost lowered by $1720.85 and the average hospitalisation cost by $9514.17 in the post-optimisation group. CONCLUSIONS Optimising blood culture processing was associated with a significantly increased positive detection rate, a remarkable reduction in the length of hospital stay and in hospital costs for ICU patients with bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiwei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchao Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- Department of Information Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Cosio T, Pica F, Fontana C, Pistoia ES, Favaro M, Valsecchi I, Zarabian N, Campione E, Botterel F, Gaziano R. Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:294. [PMID: 38667965 PMCID: PMC11050938 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased dramatically, accompanied by an expansion in the number of species implicated as etiological agents, especially environmental fungi never involved before in human infection. Among fungal pathogens, Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common causative agent of mucosal and healthcare-associated systemic infections. However, during recent decades, there has been a worrying increase in the number of emerging multi-drug-resistant non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, i.e., C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. auris, and C. ciferrii. In particular, Candida ciferrii, also known as Stephanoascus ciferrii or Trichomonascus ciferrii, is a heterothallic ascomycete yeast-like fungus that has received attention in recent decades as a cause of local and systemic fungal diseases. Today, the new definition of the S. ciferrii complex, which consists of S. ciferrii, Candida allociferrii, and Candida mucifera, was proposed after sequencing the 18S rRNA gene. Currently, the S. ciferrii complex is mostly associated with non-severe ear and eye infections, although a few cases of severe candidemia have been reported in immunocompromised individuals. Low susceptibility to currently available antifungal drugs is a rising concern, especially in NAC species. In this regard, a high rate of resistance to azoles and more recently also to echinocandins has emerged in the S. ciferrii complex. This review focuses on epidemiological, biological, and clinical aspects of the S. ciferrii complex, including its pathogenicity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Cosio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Carla Fontana
- Laboratory of Microbiology and BioBank, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Salvatore Pistoia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Marco Favaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Isabel Valsecchi
- DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; (I.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Nikkia Zarabian
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Françoise Botterel
- DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; (I.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
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Karakoyun AS, Spruijtenburg B, Unal N, Meijer EFJ, Sucu M, Hilmioğlu-Polat S, Meis JF, de Groot T, Ilkit M. Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida krusei bloodstream isolates from Türkiye. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae005. [PMID: 38289726 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei also known as Pichia kudriavzevii is a potentially multidrug-resistant yeast because it is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole and develops acquired resistance to echinocandins and polyenes. Here, we aim to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology and transmission modes of C. krusei infections by comparing invasive bloodstream (n = 35) and non-invasive vaginal (n = 20) C. krusei isolates. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was assessed using a newly described short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and their sensitivity to eight antifungal compounds was evaluated by antifungal susceptibility testing using the CLSI microbroth dilution method. All C. krusei isolates revealed unique STR genotypes, indicating the absence of clonal transmission in the study group. Furthermore, no drug-resistant or non-wild-type isolates were identified. Our findings demonstrated high resolution of STR genotyping for the detection and simultaneous genetic analysis of multiple C. krusei strains in clinical samples and excellent in vitro activity of common antifungal agents against invasive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Sultan Karakoyun
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nevzat Unal
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
- University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mete Sucu
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Süleyha Hilmioğlu-Polat
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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Grandhay C, Prétot E, Klaba V, Celle H, Normand AC, Bertrand X, Grenouillet F. Yeast Biodiversity of Karst Waters: Interest of Four Culture Media and an Improved MALDI-TOF MS Database. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:26. [PMID: 38175217 PMCID: PMC10766713 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Karst aquifers are a significant source of drinking water and highly vulnerable to pollution and microbial contamination. Microbiological regulations for the quality of drinking water mostly focus on bacterial levels and lack guidance concerning fungal contamination. Moreover, there is no standardised microbial analysis methodology for identifying fungi in water. Our main objective was to establish the most effective culture and identification methodology to examine yeast diversity in karst waters. We assessed the comparative efficacy of four culture media (CHROMagar Candida, dichloran glycerol 18% [DG18], dichloran rose Bengal chloramphenicol [DRBC], and SYMPHONY agar) for yeast isolation from karst water samples. Furthermore, we investigated the comprehensiveness of databases used in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identifying environmental yeast species. In total, we analysed 162 water samples, allowing the identification of 2479 yeast isolates. We demonstrate that a combination of four culture media, each with distinct specifications, more efficiently covers a wide range of yeast species in karst water than a combination of only two or three. Supplementation of a MALDI-TOF MS database is also critical for analysing environmental microbial samples and improved the identification of yeast biodiversity. This study is an initial step towards standardising the analysis of fungal biodiversity in karst waters, enabling a better understanding of the significance of this environmental reservoir in relation to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Grandhay
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Emma Prétot
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Victor Klaba
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Celle
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Normand
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France.
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, Chrono-environnement, F-25000, Besançon, France.
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Francisco EC, Ebbing M, Colombo AL, Hagen F. Identification of Clinical Trichosporon asteroides Strains by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Evaluation of the Bruker Daltonics Commercial System and an In-House Developed Library. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:243-249. [PMID: 37067663 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon asteroides is an emerging yeast-like pathogen commonly misidentified by commercial biochemical identification systems. We evaluated the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of 21 clinical T. asteroides strains using the Bruker Daltonics database (BDAL) and an in-house developed library. Mass spectra were obtained by the FlexControl system v.3.4, and characterizations were performed in the Biotyper BDAL database v.4.1 and the developed in-house library. Species identification for T. asteroides failed as all 21 strains were misidentified as T. japonicum (log-scores 1.89-2.19). Extending the existing database was crucial to achieving 100% correct species-level identification and accurate distinction between species. Our results indicate that the commercial BDAL database has no discriminatory power to distinguish between T. japonicum and T. asteroides. Whereas improvement of the current BDAL database is pending, we strongly advise system users not to exclude the possibility of the failure to report T. asteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Francisco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil.
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mexx Ebbing
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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High diversity of yeast species and strains responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis in South-East Gabon. J Mycol Med 2022; 33:101354. [PMID: 36473325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Candida albicans generally remains the principal pathogenic yeast responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), although with variable prevalence. In this study, we evaluated the evolution of the prevalence of the non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species and investigated the genotypic diversity and the population genetic structure of the circulating C. albicans strains associated with VVC in the vicinity of Franceville (Gabon). METHODS A total of 110 independent isolates were identified using both MALDI-TOF MS and conventional techniques. The population genetic structure of the C. albicans strains was determined by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis using 4 microsatellite markers. RESULTS The mean and median age of the patients was 31 years. Seven patients had a mixed infection. C. albicans accounted for 62 % (n=68) of the total isolates. NCAC were dominated by C. glabrata, followed by P. kudriavzevii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, M. guilliermondii, and C. nivariensis. The cluster analysis revealed a high diversity, with a total of 50 different genotypes. The most represented genotype was shared by only four strains, while the vast majority (39 strains) had a unique MLVA pattern. Geographic clusters were not detected. CONCLUSION The study provides information on species distribution and possible changing epidemiology while reporting for the first time C. nivariensis in VVC in Africa. This study is also the first to investigate the genotypic diversity of the circulating C. albicans strains associated with VVC in Central Africa. Such analyses would help understand the molecular epidemiology of C. albicans.
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Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of MALDI-TOF MS Spectra from Phylogenetically Closely Related Species Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081658. [PMID: 36014076 PMCID: PMC9416640 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) is the gold standard for microbial fingerprinting, however, for phylogenetically closely related species, the resolution power drops down to the genus level. In this study, we analyzed MALDI-TOF spectra from 44 strains of B. melitensis, B. suis and B. abortus to identify the optimal classification method within popular supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms. (2) Methods: A consensus feature selection strategy was applied to pinpoint from among the 500 MS features those that yielded the best ML model and that may play a role in species differentiation. Unsupervised k-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were evaluated using the silhouette coefficient, while the supervised classifiers Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, and Multinomial Logistic Regression were explored in a fine-tuning manner using nested k-fold cross validation (CV) with a feature reduction step between the two CV loops. (3) Results: Sixteen differentially expressed peaks were identified and used to feed ML classifiers. Unsupervised and optimized supervised models displayed excellent predictive performances with 100% accuracy. The suitability of the consensus feature selection strategy for learning system accuracy was shown. (4) Conclusion: A meaningful ML approach is here introduced, to enhance Brucella spp. classification using MALDI-TOF MS data.
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Yo CH, Shen YH, Hsu WT, Mekary RA, Chen ZR, Lee WTJ, Chen SC, Lee CC. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry rapid pathogen identification and outcomes of patients with bloodstream infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2667-2682. [PMID: 35921430 PMCID: PMC9518975 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There was inconsistent evidence regarding the use of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) for microorganism identification with/without antibiotic stewardship team (AST) and the clinical outcome of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI). In a systematic review and meta‐analysis, we evaluated the effectiveness of rapid microbial identification by MALDI‐TOF MS with and without AST on clinical outcomes. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to 1 February 2022 to identify pre–post and parallel comparative studies that evaluated the use of MALDI‐TOF MS for microorganism identification. Pooled effect estimates were derived using the random‐effects model. Twenty‐one studies with 14,515 patients were meta‐analysed. Compared with conventional phenotypic methods, MALDI‐TOF MS was associated with a 23% reduction in mortality (RR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66; 0.90; I2 = 35.9%; 13 studies); 5.07‐h reduction in time to effective antibiotic therapy (95% CI: −5.83; −4.31; I2 = 95.7%); 22.86‐h reduction in time to identify microorganisms (95% CI: −23.99; −21.74; I2 = 91.6%); 0.73‐day reduction in hospital stay (95% CI: −1.30; −0.16; I2 = 53.1%); and US$4140 saving in direct hospitalization cost (95% CI: $‐8166.75; $‐113.60; I2 = 66.1%). No significant heterogeneity sources were found, and no statistical evidence for publication bias was found. Rapid pathogen identification by MALDI‐TOF MS with or without AST was associated with reduced mortality and improved outcomes of BSI, and may be cost‐effective among patients with BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Yo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zi Rong Chen
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting J Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shyr-Chyr Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Intelligent Healthcare, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Horisawa S, Iwamoto K. Identification and Typing of Strains of Wood-Rotting Basidiomycetes by Protein Profiling Using MALDI-TOF MS. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030030. [PMID: 35997338 PMCID: PMC9397059 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate identification and proper typing of basidiomycetes are required in medical, sanitary maintenance, agriculture, and biotechnology fields. A diagnostic method based on information from whole-cell proteins acquired by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was investigated to identify wood-rotting fungi, a group of filamentous fungi. In this study, mass spectra of intracellular peptides obtained from cultured mycelia of 50 strains of 10 wood-rotting fungal species were obtained multiple times and mass spectral patterns (MSPs) consisting of peaks that characterized the fungal species or strain was created to construct an in-house database. The species identification was conducted by comparing the newly obtained raw mass spectra with the MSPs in the database using the MALDI Biotyper. The results showed that the peak patterns of the mass spectra were reproducible and matched at the strain level. A cluster analysis based on the MSPs was also conducted to examine inter-and intraspecific diversity among the tested wood-rotting basidiomycetes. Most of the fungal strains examined in this study could be identified to a species level; however, the strains belonging to Pleurotus could only be identified to a genus level. This was due to an intraspecific variation, so the identification accuracy could be amendable with a more enhanced database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Horisawa
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-gun, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Iwamoto
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-gun, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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Faster and accurate identification of clinically important Trichosporon using MALDI TOF MS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:359-364. [PMID: 35738950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trichosporon species are emerging human pathogens, accounting for the second most common cause of non-candidal mycosis. Rapid and reliable identification of these agents allows a better understanding of their epidemiology and therapeutic management. The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique has the potential to be precise, fast and cost-effective. However, the precision of identification totally depends upon the type of protein extraction method used and embedded database in the system. Our objectives were to standardize the protein extraction technique and expand the present Bruker database by creating an in-house database and validating it with diverse clinical Trichosporon species of Indian origin. METHODS Two different protein extraction protocols (on-plate and off-plate) were evaluated. The off-plate protocol was finalized for the identification. MALDI TOF MS with the existing Bruker database was evaluated for its ability to identify a total of 79 intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) gene sequence confirmed clinical isolates of 5 different Trichosporon species. RESULTS As outcome, off plate protocol yielded higher accuracy (73% on the species level and 95% on the genus level) than on-plate (25% on the genus level) in terms of log scores. The existing database for Trichosporon species was enriched with 28 sequence confirmed isolates, which improved accuracy from 73% to 100% and were identified up to species level with a log score >2.3. CONCLUSIONS Used with standardized protein-extraction protocol along with an expanded database, MALDI-TOF MS could be a rapid and reliable approach to identify clinical Trichosporon species routinely in the laboratory.
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Validation of the Colibrí Instrument for Automated Preparation of MALDI-TOF MS Targets for Yeast Identification. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0023722. [PMID: 35703578 PMCID: PMC9297811 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00237-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Copan (Italy) introduced the Colibrí instrument for automated colony picking and preparation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) target plates. Our study aimed to validate this system for yeasts as such testing has not been performed yet and is a missing link needed to implement the system for routine use. Fifty-five Candida strains were selected to evaluate the accuracy of Colibrí. For each strain, a sheep blood agar plate supplemented with X and V factors (HEM) and a Sabouraud agar plate (SAB) were inoculated and incubated using the WASPlab specimen processing system (Copan). After 18 h and 36 h of incubation, the isolates were spotted in parallel using Colibrí and manually onto MALDI-TOF target plates with the addition of formic acid and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The reproducibility was evaluated using ATCC reference and clinical isolate-derived strains. The cumulative percentage of acceptable identification scores (IDs) after 36 h was 91% for strains cultured on HEM plates using both Colibrí and the manual method. The SAB plates showed inferior results for both Colibrí (76%) and the manual method (78%). We observed an overall agreement of 92% at 18 h for identification of the strains on the HEM plates between Colibrí and the manual method and 94% after 36 h. For the SAB plates, the agreement was 78% after 18 h and 84% after 36 h. Apart from Candida dubliniensis and Candida tropicalis, all Candida species were identified with 100% accuracy using Colibrí on HEM plates. We observed good agreement between Colibrí and the manual reference method. These results demonstrate that Colibrí is a reliable system for MALDI-TOF target preparation for yeast identification, allowing increased standardization and less hands-on time.
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Sarvestani HK, Ramandi A, Getso MI, Razavyoon T, Javidnia J, Golrizi MB, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Ansari S. Mass spectrometry in research laboratories and clinical diagnostic: a new era in medical mycology. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:689-707. [PMID: 35344203 PMCID: PMC9151960 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis by clinical mycology laboratory plays a critical role in patient care by providing definitive knowledge of the cause of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility data to physicians. Rapid diagnostic methods are likely to improve patient. Aggressive resuscitation bundles, adequate source control, and appropriate antibiotic therapy are cornerstones for success in the treatment of patients. Routine methods for identifying clinical specimen fungal pathogen are based on the cultivation on different media with the subsequent examination of its phenotypic characteristics comprising a combination of microscopic and colony morphologies. As some fungi cannot be readily identified using these methods, molecular diagnostic methods may be required. These methods are fast, but it can cost a lot. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs. It can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a microbiological laboratory. The reliability and accuracy of this method have been scrutinized in many surveys and have been compared with several methods including sequencing and molecular methods. According to these findings, the reliability and accuracy of this method are very high and can be trusted. With all the benefits of this technique, the libraries of MALDI-TOF MS need to be strengthened to enhance its performance. This review provides an overview of the most recent research literature that has investigated the applications and usage of MT-MS to the identification of microorganisms, mycotoxins, antifungal susceptibility examination, and mycobiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Kamali Sarvestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ramandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, PMB, Kano, 3011, Nigeria
| | - Taraneh Razavyoon
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Miaad Banay Golrizi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Optimization of the biotechnological process using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and acerola (Malpighia emarginata L.) seeds for the production of bioactive compounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Cannon RD. Oral Fungal Infections: Past, Present, and Future. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:838639. [PMID: 35187534 PMCID: PMC8850356 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.838639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral fungal infections have afflicted humans for millennia. Hippocrates (ca. 460-370 BCE) described two cases of oral aphthae associated with severe underlying diseases that could well have been oral candidiasis. While oral infections caused by other fungi such as cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis occur infrequently, oral candidiasis came to the fore during the AIDS epidemic as a sentinel opportunistic infection signaling the transition from HIV infection to AIDS. The incidence of candidiasis in immunocompromised AIDS patients highlighted the importance of host defenses in preventing oral fungal infections. A greater understanding of the nuances of human immune systems has revealed that mucosal immunity in the mouth delivers a unique response to fungal pathogens. Oral fungal infection does not depend solely on the fungus and the host, however, and attention has now focussed on interactions with other members of the oral microbiome. It is evident that there is inter-kingdom signaling that affects microbial pathogenicity. The last decade has seen significant advances in the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of oral microbiomes and in the simultaneous quantification of immune cells and cytokines. The time is ripe for the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to integrate more refined analyses of oral microbiome composition (including fungi, bacteria, archaea, protozoa and viruses—including SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19). This analysis should incorporate the quantification of immune cells, cytokines, and microbial cell signaling molecules with signs of oral fungal infections in order to better diagnose and predict susceptibility to oral fungal disease.
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15
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Salah H, Kolecka A, Rozaliyani A, Wahyuningsih R, Taj-Aldeen SJ, Boekhout T, Houbraken J. A New Filter Based Cultivation Approach for Improving Aspergillus Identification using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Mycopathologia 2022; 187:39-52. [PMID: 35006478 PMCID: PMC8807449 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is widely used in clinical laboratories for routine identification of bacteria and yeasts. However, methodological difficulties are still apparent when applied to filamentous fungi. The liquid cultivation method recommended by Bruker Daltonics GmbH for identification of filamentous fungi by MALDI-TOF MS is labour intensive and time-consuming. In this study, growth of Aspergillus species on different (porous) surfaces was investigated with the aim to develop a more reliable, quicker and less laborious identification method using MALDI-TOF MS. Mycelial growth without sporulation mimicking liquid cultivation and reliable MALDI-TOF MS spectra were obtained when A. fumigatus strains were grown on and in between a polycarbonate membrane filter on Sabouraud dextrose agar. A database of in-house reference spectra was created by growing Aspergillus reference strains (mainly focusing on sections Fumigati and Flavi) under these selected conditions. A test set of 50 molecularly identified strains grown under different conditions was used to select the best growth condition for identification and to perform an initial validation of the in-house database. Based on these results, the cultivation method on top of a polycarbonate filter proved to be most successful for species identification. This method was therefore selected for the identification of two sets of clinical isolates that mainly consisted of Aspergilli (100 strains originating from Indonesia, 70 isolates from Qatar). The results showed that this cultivation method is reliable for identification of clinically relevant Aspergillus species, with 67% and 76% correct identification of strains from Indonesia and Qatar, respectively. In conclusion, cultivation of Aspergilli on top of a polycarbonate filter showed improved results compared to the liquid cultivation protocol recommended by Bruker in terms of percentage of correct identification, ease of MSP creation, time consumption, cost and labour intensity. This method can be reliably applied for identification of clinically important Aspergilli and has potential for identification of other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Salah
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Kolecka
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Wahyuningsih
- Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saad J Taj-Aldeen
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Abdolrasouli A, Fraser MA. Candida auris Identification and Profiling by MALDI-ToF Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2517:21-32. [PMID: 35674942 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2417-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-ToF MS has become the standard method for routine identification of most medically important yeasts in clinical and public health laboratories and has largely replaced phenotypic identification methods as a first-line identification tool. Fungal identification is based on extensive and well-curated mass spectra libraries usually provided by the manufacturer of the MALDI-ToF MS platform; however, many centers do create specialized or in-house database collections to aid analysis. Most MALDI-ToF MS systems offer simple and standardized workflows for the identification of clinically relevant yeasts to species level with a high throughput, high accuracy, and a low overall cost per test. This makes MALDI-ToF MS an ideal platform for use in routine clinical, diagnostic, and research microbiology laboratories which may lack experience or expertise in the identification of pathogenic fungi.In this chapter we review three standard protocols for the proteomic-based identification of Candida auris isolated from cultures of clinical or environmental surveillance samples in diagnostic and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdolrasouli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital , London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mark A Fraser
- National Mycology Reference Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Bristol, UK
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17
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Chang CC, Hall V, Cooper C, Grigoriadis G, Beardsley J, Sorrell TC, Heath CH. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis and rare yeast infections in the haematology/oncology setting, 2021. Intern Med J 2021; 51 Suppl 7:118-142. [PMID: 34937137 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii complex is an important opportunistic infection in people with immunodeficiency, including in the haematology/oncology setting. This may manifest clinically as cryptococcal meningitis or pulmonary cryptococcosis, or be detected incidentally by cryptococcal antigenemia, a positive sputum culture or radiological imaging. Non-Candida, non-Cryptococcus spp. rare yeast fungaemia are increasingly common in this population. These consensus guidelines aim to provide clinicians working in the Australian and New Zealand haematology/oncology setting with clear guiding principles and practical recommendations for the management of cryptococcosis, while also highlighting important and emerging rare yeast infections and their recommended management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Programme, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Victoria Hall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celia Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Sexual Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher H Heath
- Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Accurate classification of Listeria species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry incorporating denoising autoencoder and machine learning. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 192:106378. [PMID: 34818574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes belongs to the category of facultative anaerobic bacteria, and is the pathogen of listeriosis, potentially lethal disease for humans. There are many similarities between L. monocytogenes and other non-pathogenic Listeria species, which causes great difficulties for their correct identification. The level of L. monocytogenes contamination in food remains high according to statistics from the Food and Drug Administration. This situation leads to food recall and destruction, which has caused huge economic losses to the food industry. Therefore, the identification of Listeria species is very important for clinical treatment and food safety. This work aims to explore an efficient classification algorithm which could easily and reliably distinguish Listeria species. We attempted to classify Listeria species by incorporating denoising autoencoder (DAE) and machine learning algorithms in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In addition, convolutional neural networks were used to map the high dimensional original mass spectrometry data to low dimensional core features. By analyzing MALDI-TOF MS data via incorporating DAE and support vector machine (SVM), the identification accuracy of Listeria species was 100%. The proposed classification algorithm is fast (range of seconds), easy to handle, and, more importantly, this method also allows for extending the identification scope of bacteria. The DAE model used in our research is an effective tool for the extraction of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry features. Despite the fact that the MALDI-TOF MS dataset examined in our research had high dimensionality, the DAE + SVM algorithm was still able to exploit the hidden information embedded in the original MALDI-TOF mass spectra. The experimental results in our work demonstrated that MALDI-TOF mass spectrum combined with DAE + SVM could easily and reliably distinguish Listeria species.
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19
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Adel A, El-Baz A, Shetaia Y, Sorour NM. Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids by two newly cold-adapted Egyptian marine yeast. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:461. [PMID: 34692369 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread awareness of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits for human health has increased the need for their commercial production. Two oleaginous yeast were isolated from the Mediterranean Sea fish and Red Sea fish Epinephelus aeneus and E. areolatus, respectively. These marine candidates were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS biotyper® as Lodderomyces elongisporus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The effect of incubation temperature (7, 15, and 26 °C) and glucose concentration (3% and 8%) on their lipids content were investigated using Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin (SPV) assay. Their intercellular lipids were visualized by fluorescence microscope using Nile-Red dye. L. elongisporus and R. mucilaginosa produced 20.04% and 26.79% of Linoleic acid, respectively, on normal Basal-Defatted Medium (BDM). Linoleic acid (21.4-22.7%) and α-Linolenic acid (7.5-10.8%) were produced by R. mucilaginosa and L. elongisporus, on normal BDM at 15 °C. High-Glucose BDM induced a positive effect on the total lipids production that reached its maximum of 48% and 54% by R. mucilaginosa and L. elongisporus, respectively, grown at 15 °C. Remarkably, 12.12% of long-chain 15-Docosenoic acid (C22:1) and 21.49% of Tricosanoic acid (C23:0) were detected in the FAs profile of L. elongisporus, when grown on normal BDM at 26 °C. The present study is the first one reporting the FAs profile of the Egyptian Marine L. elongisporus, and its capability to accumulate high amounts of lipids under appropriate fermentation conditions; thus, it could be considered for scaling up production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03010-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf El-Baz
- Département of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857/79 Egypt
| | - Yousseria Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Sorour
- Département of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857/79 Egypt
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20
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Dennis EK, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi V. So Many Diagnostic Tests, So Little Time: Review and Preview of Candida auris Testing in Clinical and Public Health Laboratories. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757835. [PMID: 34691009 PMCID: PMC8529189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of a new yeast, Candida auris, in 2009 in East Asia, and its rapid global spread, was a reminder of the threats posed by multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. C. auris had likely remained unrecognized for a long time as accurate tests were not available. The laboratory community responded to the C. auris challenge by publishing 35 new or revised diagnostic methods between 2014 and early 2021. The commercial sector also modified existing diagnostic devices. These C. auris diagnostic tests run the gamut from traditional culture-based differential and selective media, biochemical assimilations, and rapid protein profiles, as well as culture-independent DNA-based diagnostics. We provide an overview of these developments, especially the tests with validation data that were subsequently adopted for common use. We share a workflow developed in our laboratory to process over 37,000 C. auris surveillance samples and 5,000 C. auris isolates from the outbreak in the New York metropolitan area. Our preview covers new devices and diagnostic approaches on the horizon based on microfluidics, optics, and nanotechnology. Frontline laboratories need rapid, cheap, stable, and easy-to-implement tests to improve C. auris diagnosis, surveillance, patient isolation, admission screening, and environmental control. Among the urgent needs is a lateral flow assay or similar device for presumptive C. auris identification. All laboratories will benefit from devices that allow rapid antifungal susceptibility testing, including detection of mutations conferring drug resistance. Hopefully, multiplex test panels are on the horizon for synergy of C. auris testing with ongoing surveillance of other healthcare-associated infections. C. auris genome analysis has a proven role for outbreak investigations, and diagnostic laboratories need quick access to regional and national genome analysis networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Dennis
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Sudha Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Vishnu Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
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21
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Pereira LC, Correia AF, da Silva ZDL, de Resende CN, Brandão F, Almeida RM, de Medeiros Nóbrega YK. Vulvovaginal candidiasis and current perspectives: new risk factors and laboratory diagnosis by using MALDI TOF for identifying species in primary infection and recurrence. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1681-1693. [PMID: 33713006 PMCID: PMC8295079 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), considered the second cause of genital infection among women, has pathogenic mechanisms still to be elucidated and unknown risk factors. Prevalence studies with laboratory diagnosis (at first diagnosis and recurrence) are uncommon, especially using MALDI TOF, used in this clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory study for evaluating candidiasis, and identifying unknown risk factors. To obtain clinical and epidemiological data, patients were questioned, and there was material collection. Samples collected were identified by using phenotypic and presumptive methods and confirmed by MALDI TOF. This study analyzed 278 patients, divided into symptomatic (n = 173) and asymptomatic (n = 105) groups. Regarding the main candidiasis symptoms (discharge, itching, and burning), only 50.3% of patients described these concomitant symptoms, showing a positive predictive value of 67.8%. Regarding the risk factors investigated, there was a statistical correlation between candidiasis and dairy products, gut transit, contraceptive use, respiratory allergy, and panty liners, describing new risk factors related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis. After Candida species analysis and confirmation, the primary prevalence was 80.9% (Candida albicans), 15.2% (non-albicans), 1% (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), and 1.9% (unidentified species). In recurrence, the prevalence was 66.7% (C. albicans) and 33.3% (non-albicans). The presence of symptoms has low positive predictive value for the diagnosis of candidiasis, even when considering the classic triad of symptoms. Laboratory identification of yeast species is essential for correct treatment, preventing the resistance to antifungals and the high recurrence. In addition, dairy products and bowel habits, both related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, may be associated with VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Custódio Pereira
- Vulvar Pathology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Amabel Fernandes Correia
- Medical Biology Management, Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Central Public Health Laboratory of the District Federal (LACEN-DF), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Zita Dinis Lopes da Silva
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Ceres Nunes de Resende
- Vulvar Pathology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Brandão
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Rosane Mansan Almeida
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil
| | - Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega
- Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil.
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22
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Chen XF, Hou X, Xiao M, Zhang L, Cheng JW, Zhou ML, Huang JJ, Zhang JJ, Xu YC, Hsueh PR. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Analysis for the Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071536. [PMID: 34361971 PMCID: PMC8304613 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used in the field of clinical microbiology since 2010. Compared with the traditional technique of biochemical identification, MALDI-TOF MS has many advantages, including convenience, speed, accuracy, and low cost. The accuracy and speed of identification using MALDI-TOF MS have been increasing with the development of sample preparation, database enrichment, and algorithm optimization. MALDI-TOF MS has shown promising results in identifying cultured colonies and rapidly detecting samples. MALDI-TOF MS has critical research applications for the rapid detection of highly virulent and drug-resistant pathogens. Here we present a scientific review that evaluates the performance of MALDI-TOF MS in identifying clinical pathogenic microorganisms. MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool in identifying clinical microorganisms, although some aspects still require improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing-Wei Cheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;
| | - Meng-Lan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing-Jia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (X.-F.C.); (X.H.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (M.-L.Z.); (J.-J.H.); (J.-J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.X.); (P.-R.H.)
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.X.); (P.-R.H.)
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23
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MALDI-TOF MS in a Medical Mycology Laboratory: On Stage and Backstage. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061283. [PMID: 34204665 PMCID: PMC8231132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of MALDI-TOF MS in medical microbiology laboratories has revolutionized practices and significantly reduced turnaround times of identification processes. However, although bacteriology quickly benefited from the contributions of this technique, adjustments were necessary to accommodate the specific characteristics of fungi. MALDI-TOF MS is now an indispensable tool in clinical mycology laboratories, both for the identification of yeasts and filamentous fungi, and other innovative uses are gradually emerging. Based on the practical experience of our medical mycology laboratory, this review will present the current uses of MALDI-TOF MS and the adaptations we implemented, to allow their practical execution in a daily routine. We will also introduce some less mainstream applications, like those for fungemia, or even still under development, as is the case for the determination of sensitivity to antifungal agents or typing methods.
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24
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Meena S, Mohanty A, Kaistha N, Sasirekha U, Meena J. Comparative Assessment of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Conventional Methods in the Identification of Clinically Relevant Yeasts. Cureus 2021; 13:e15607. [PMID: 34277227 PMCID: PMC8273367 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida species are generally identified by conventional methods such as germ tube or morphological appearance on cornmeal agar (CMA), biochemical methods using API kits, and molecular biological techniques. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has revolutionized the identification of fungi reducing the turnaround time of days to minutes. Purpose: To compare the performance of MALDI-TOF MS and conventional methods in the identification of clinically relevant yeasts. Materials and methods: In this study, Candida identifications on CMA are compared with the results obtained on MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Discrepant results were confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA. Results: A total of 114 clinical Candida species isolated from blood cultures were isolated and identified with conventional methods as well as with the MALDI-TOF-MS system. The agreement between the two test results were analyzed using Inter-rater reliability analysis (Cohen's Kappa) in SPSS Software Version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Overall, there was substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa=0.763) between the two methods. A value between 0.61 and 0.80 is classified under substantial. The most frequently isolated bloodstream Candida species included Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C.lusitaniae, C. glabrata which were accurately identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. When compared with conventional identification methods, MALDI-TOF-MS results are more reliable and rapid for Candida identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Meena
- Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Neelam Kaistha
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - U Sasirekha
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Jitendra Meena
- Preventive Oncology, National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jhajjar, Haryana, IND
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25
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Arastehfar A, de Almeida Júnior JN, Perlin DS, Ilkit M, Boekhout T, Colombo AL. Multidrug-resistant Trichosporon species: underestimated fungal pathogens posing imminent threats in clinical settings. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:679-698. [PMID: 34115962 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1921695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Species of Trichosporon and related genera are widely used in biotechnology and, hence, many species have their genome sequenced. Importantly, yeasts of the genus Trichosporon have been increasingly identified as a cause of life-threatening invasive trichosporonosis (IT) in humans and are associated with an exceptionally high mortality rate. Trichosporon spp. are intrinsically resistant to frontline antifungal agents, which accounts for numerous reports of therapeutic failure when echinocandins are used to treat IT. Moreover, these fungi have low sensitivity to polyenes and azoles and, therefore, are potentially regarded as multidrug-resistant pathogens. However, despite the clinical importance of Trichosporon spp., our understanding of their antifungal resistance mechanisms is quite limited. Furthermore, antifungal susceptibility testing is not standardized, and there is a lack of interpretive epidemiological cut-off values for minimal inhibitory concentrations to distinguish non-wild type Trichosporon isolates. The route of infection remains obscure and detailed clinical and environmental studies are required to determine whether the Trichosporon infections are endogenous or exogenous in nature. Although our knowledge on effective IT treatments is rather limited and future randomized clinical trials are required to identify the best antifungal agent, the current paradigm advocates the use of voriconazole, removal of central venous catheters and recovery from neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - João N de Almeida Júnior
- Laboratorio de Micologia Medica (LIM 53), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório Central (LIM 03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David S Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a collective term that refers to a group of infectious syndromes caused by a variety of species of Candida, 6 of which cause most cases globally. Candidemia is probably the most commonly recognized syndrome associated with IC; however, Candida can cause invasive infection of any organ, especially visceral organs, vasculature, bones and joints, the eyes and central nervous system. Targeted prevention and empirical therapy are important interventions for patients at high risk for IC, and the current approach should be based on a combination of clinical risk factors and non-culture-based diagnostics, when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P McCarty
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham VA Medical Center, 1900 University Boulevard, THT 229, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Cameron M White
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, THT 229, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Peter G Pappas
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, THT 229, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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27
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Chao A, Vazquez JA. Fungal Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:243-260. [PMID: 34024440 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The thinking about fungi has evolved from unusual agents considered contaminants and colonizers to actual pathogens. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and are found throughout in association with food, soil, mammals, and insects. Fungi have become important pathogens in animals and humans causing infections extending from superficial disease to disseminated infection. Because the gastrointestinal tract is continually exposed to fungi, it is frequently colonized and infected by numerous yeast and other fungi. It is also the origin of many disseminated fungal infections. The increased incidence of fungal infections has led to the approval and use of novel antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jose A Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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28
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Florek M, Nawrot U, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Włodarczyk K, Wzorek A, Woźniak-Biel A, Brzozowska M, Galli J, Bogucka A, Król J. An analysis of the population of Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from animals in Poland, in the years 2015-2019. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6639. [PMID: 33758319 PMCID: PMC7987961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex (CNGSC) are pathogens causing severe infections in humans and animals, that for humans may result in a mortality rate ranging up to 70%. The CNGSC is divided into eight major molecular types, that may differ in their virulence and susceptibility. In order to fully understand the epidemiology of cryptococcosis, it is important to study the world distribution and population structure of these pathogens. The present study is the first presenting a population of strains isolated in Poland and one of the few using a multi-species animal group as a source of the specimen. The pathogen was present in 2.375% of the tested animals. The URA5-RFLP and MALDI-TOF MS analyses have revealed that the population consisted exclusively of C. neoformans strains, with a predominance of major molecular type VNIV (C. neoformans var. neoformans). The MALDI-TOF MS was used to perform the CNGSC strains identification on both the species and sub-species level. Despite the fact that the animals providing the specimens were not treated with 5-fluorocytosine, around 10% of the tested population presented MIC values exceeding 64 mg/L, indicating the existence of the 5-fluorocytosine-resistant strains in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Florek
- Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Wzorek
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak-Biel
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Brzozowska
- Referral Animal Hospital Strömsholm, Djursjukhusvägen 11, 73494, Strömsholm, Sweden
| | - Józef Galli
- Veterinary Laboratory Vetlab, Wodzisławska 6, 52-017, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka
- Veterinary Laboratory Vetlab, Wodzisławska 6, 52-017, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Król
- Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
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29
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Solntceva V, Kostrzewa M, Larrouy-Maumus G. Detection of Species-Specific Lipids by Routine MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry to Unlock the Challenges of Microbial Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:621452. [PMID: 33634037 PMCID: PMC7902069 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.621452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has revolutionized clinical microbiology diagnostics by delivering accurate, fast, and reliable identification of microorganisms. It is conventionally based on the detection of intracellular molecules, mainly ribosomal proteins, for identification at the species-level and/or genus-level. Nevertheless, for some microorganisms (e.g., for mycobacteria) extensive protocols are necessary in order to extract intracellular proteins, and in some cases a protein-based approach cannot provide sufficient evidence to accurately identify the microorganisms within the same genus (e.g., Shigella sp. vs E. coli and the species of the M. tuberculosis complex). Consequently lipids, along with proteins are also molecules of interest. Lipids are ubiquitous, but their structural diversity delivers complementary information to the conventional protein-based clinical microbiology matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) based approaches currently used. Lipid modifications, such as the ones found on lipid A related to polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative pathogens (e.g., phosphoethanolamine and aminoarabinose), not only play a role in the detection of microorganisms by routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry but can also be used as a read-out of drug susceptibility. In this review, we will demonstrate that in combination with proteins, lipids are a game-changer in both the rapid detection of pathogens and the determination of their drug susceptibility using routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Solntceva
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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White PL, Price JS, Cordey A, Backx M. Molecular Diagnosis of Yeast Infections. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2021; 15:67-80. [PMID: 34178207 PMCID: PMC8212580 DOI: 10.1007/s12281-021-00421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of molecular tests to aid the diagnosis of invasive yeast infection, in particular invasive candidosis, has been described for over two decades, yet widespread application is limited, and diagnosis remains heavily dependent on classical microbiology. This article will review developments from the past decade in attempt to build on existing knowledge. It will highlight clinical performance and limitations while reviewing developments on recognized procedures; it will also provide insight into novel approaches incorporated in response to clinical demand (e.g. C. auris and antifungal resistance) or technological advances (e.g. next-generation sequencing). RECENT FINDINGS Limited methodological standardization and, until recently, unavailability of commercial options have hindered the integration of molecular diagnostics for yeasts. The development of certain, novel commercial methods has received considerable evaluation allowing a greater understanding of individual assay performance, but widespread multicentre evaluation of most commercial kits is lacking. The detection of emerging pathogens (e.g. C. auris) has been enhanced by the development of molecular tests. Molecular methods are providing a better understanding of the mycobiome, mechanisms of resistance and epidemiology/phylogeny. SUMMARY Despite over two decades of use, the incorporation of molecular methods to enhance the diagnosis of yeast infections remains limited to certain specialist centres. While the development of commercial tests will provide stimulus for broader application, further validation and reduced costs are required. Over the same period of time, Aspergillus PCR has become more widely accepted driven by international efforts to standardize methodology; it is critical that yeast PCR follows suit. Next-generation sequencing will provide significant information on the mycobiome, antifungal resistance mechanism and even broad-range detection directly from the specimen, which may be critical for the molecular detection of yeasts other than Candida species, which is currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lewis White
- grid.241103.50000 0001 0169 7725Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, UHW, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW UK
| | - Jessica S. Price
- grid.241103.50000 0001 0169 7725Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, UHW, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW UK
| | - Alan Cordey
- grid.241103.50000 0001 0169 7725Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, UHW, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW UK
| | - Matthijs Backx
- grid.241103.50000 0001 0169 7725Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, UHW, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW UK
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31
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Carvalho-Pereira J, Fernandes F, Araújo R, Springer J, Loeffler J, Buitrago MJ, Pais C, Sampaio P. Multiplex PCR Based Strategy for Detection of Fungal Pathogen DNA in Patients with Suspected Invasive Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E308. [PMID: 33238439 PMCID: PMC7712097 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and easy polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex strategy, for the identification of the most common fungal species involved in invasive fungal infections (IFI) was developed in this work. Two panels with species-specific markers were designed, the Candida Panel for the identification of Candida species, and the Filamentous Fungi Panel for the identification of Aspergillus species and Rhizopusarrhizus. The method allowed the correct identification of all targeted pathogens using extracted DNA or by colony PCR, showed no cross-reactivity with nontargeted species and allowed identification of different species in mixed infections. Sensitivity reached 10 to 1 pg of DNA and was suitable for clinical samples from sterile sites, with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 100%. Overall, the study showed that the new method is suitable for the identification of the ten most important fungal species involved in IFI, not only from positive blood cultures but also from clinical samples from sterile sites. The method provides a unique characteristic, of seeing the peak in the specific region of the panel with the correct fluorescence dye, that aids the ruling out of unspecific amplifications. Furthermore, the panels can be further customized, selecting markers for different species and/or resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho-Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.-P.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Filipa Fernandes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.-P.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Ricardo Araújo
- Department Medical Biotechnology, Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
| | - Jan Springer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Juergen Loeffler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - María José Buitrago
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Célia Pais
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.-P.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Paula Sampaio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.-P.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
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32
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Holešinský R, Průšová B, Baroň M, Fiala J, Kubizniakova P, Paulíček V, Sochor J. Spontaneous fermentation in wine production as a controllable technology. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the isolation of a consortium of microorganisms from spontaneously fermenting must that naturally contain lactic acid bacteria, non-saccharomyces yeasts, and saccharomyces yeasts. To collect the greatest diversity of microorganisms, the consortium was taken from the point of micro-sparkling. Based on the growth curves, isolation was performed using individual special nutrient media, and the isolates were subsequently multiplied in the nutrient medium. Individual isolates were then used for fermentation tests to monitor the percentage of fermented sugar and hydrogen sulphide production. The highest fermentation abilities were achieved in the isolates containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. The smallest amount of ethanol was formed from the isolates containing Hanseniaspora uvarum, while Candida sake isolate produced the lowest amount of hydrogen sulphide and Zygosaccharomyces bailii produced the highest. The other isolates produced an average amount. Based on these results, a consortium containing the given isolates in a certain ratio was compiled.
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33
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Guindo CO, Drancourt M, Grine G. Digestive tract methanodrome: Physiological roles of human microbiota-associated methanogens. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104425. [PMID: 32745665 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methanogens are the archaea most commonly found in humans, in particular in the digestive tract and are an integral part of the digestive microbiota. They are present in humans from the earliest moments of life and represent the only known source of methane production to date. They are notably detected in humans by microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization, molecular biology including PCR-sequencing, metagenomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and culture. Methanogens present in the human digestive tract play major roles, in particular the use of hydrogen from the fermentation products of bacteria, thus promoting digestion. They are also involved in the transformation of heavy metals and in the use of trimethylamine produced by intestinal bacteria, thus preventing major health problems, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Several pieces of evidence suggest their close physical contacts with bacteria support symbiotic metabolism. Their imbalance during dysbiosis is associated with many pathologies in humans, particularly digestive tract diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colonic polyposis, and colorectal cancer. There is a huge deficit of knowledge and partially contradictory information concerning human methanogens, so much remains to be done to fully understand their physiological role in humans. It is necessary to develop new methods for the identification and culture of methanogens from clinical samples. This will permit to isolate new methanogens species as well as their phenotypic characterization, to explore their genome by sequencing and to study the population dynamics of methanogens by specifying in particular their exact role within the complex flora associated with the mucous microbiota of human.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Guindo
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - G Grine
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, UFR Odontologie, Marseille, France.
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34
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Hérivaux A, Gonçalves SM, Carvalho A, Cunha C. Microbiota-derived metabolites as diagnostic markers for respiratory fungal infections. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113473. [PMID: 32771720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An emerging body of evidence has highlighted the significant role of the pulmonary microbiota during respiratory infections. The individual microbiome is nowadays recognized to supervise the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction by orchestrating mechanisms of immune regulation, inflammation, metabolism, and other physiological processes. A shift in the normal flora of the respiratory tract is associated with several lung inflammatory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cystic fibrosis. These diseases are characterized by a lung microenvironment that becomes permissive to infections caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Although the role of the lung microbiota in the pathophysiology of respiratory fungal diseases remains elusive, microbiota-derived components have been proposed as important biomarkers to be considered in the diagnosis of these severe infections. Here, we review this emerging area of research and discuss the potential of microbiota-derived products in the diagnosis of respiratory fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaїs Hérivaux
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Calla-Quispe E, Fuentes-Rivera HL, Ramírez P, Martel C, Ibañez AJ. Mass Spectrometry: A Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E89. [PMID: 32575729 PMCID: PMC7345136 DOI: 10.3390/life10060089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in diverse ecological interactions, many of which are chemically mediated. Fungi have a very versatile metabolism, which allows them to synthesize a large number of still little-known chemical compounds, such as soluble compounds that are secreted into the medium and volatile compounds that are chemical mediators over short and long distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is currently playing a dominant role in mycological studies, mainly due to its inherent sensitivity and rapid identification capabilities of different metabolites. Furthermore, MS has also been used as a reliable and accurate tool for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping). Here, we introduce the readers about fungal specialized metabolites, their role in ecological interactions and provide an overview on the MS-based techniques used in fungal studies. We particularly present the importance of sampling techniques, strategies to reduce false-positive identification and new MS-based analytical strategies that can be used in mycological studies, further expanding the use of MS in broader applications. Therefore, we foresee a bright future for mass spectrometry-based research in the field of mycology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calla-Quispe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
| | - Hammerly Lino Fuentes-Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Carlos Martel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María 15072, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfredo J. Ibañez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; (E.C.-Q.); (H.L.F.-R.); (C.M.)
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Posteraro B, De Carolis E, Criscuolo M, Ballanti S, De Angelis G, Del Principe MI, Delia M, Fracchiolla N, Marchesi F, Nadali G, Picardi M, Piccioni AL, Verga L, Candoni A, Busca A, Sanguinetti M, Pagano L. Candidaemia in haematological malignancy patients from a SEIFEM study: Epidemiological patterns according to antifungal prophylaxis. Mycoses 2020; 63:900-910. [PMID: 32531854 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidaemia is an important infectious complication for haematological malignancy patients. Antifungal prophylaxis reduces the incidence of candidaemia but may be associated with breakthrough candidaemia. OBJECTIVE To analyse the Candida species' distribution and relative antifungal susceptibility profiles of candidaemia episodes in relation to the use of antifungal prophylaxis among Italian SEIFEM haematology centres. METHODOLOGY This multicentre retrospective observational SEIFEM study included 133 single-species candidaemia episodes of haematological malignancy patients for whom antifungal susceptibility testing results of blood Candida isolates were available between 2011 and 2015. Each participating centre provided both clinical and microbiological data. RESULTS Non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species were the mostly isolated species (89, 66.9%), which accounted for C parapsilosis (35, 26.3%), C glabrata (16, 12.0%), C krusei (14, 10.5%), C tropicalis (13, 9.8%) and uncommon species (11, 8.3%). C albicans caused the remaining 44 (33.1%) episodes. Excluding 2 C albicans isolates, 23 of 25 fluconazole-resistant isolates were NCAC species (14 C krusei, 6 C glabrata, 2 C parapsilosis and 1 C tropicalis). Fifty-six (42.1%) of 133 patients developed breakthrough candidaemia. Systemic antifungal prophylaxis consisted of azoles, especially fluconazole and posaconazole, in 50 (89.3%) of 56 patients in whom a breakthrough candidaemia occurred. Interestingly, all these patients tended to develop a C krusei infection (10/56, P = .02) or a fluconazole-resistant isolate's infection (14/50, P = .04) compared to patients (4/77 and 10/77, respectively) who did not have a breakthrough candidaemia. CONCLUSIONS Optimisation of prophylactic strategies is necessary to limit the occurrence of breakthrough candidaemia and, importantly, the emergence of fluconazole-resistant NCAC isolates' infections in haematological malignancy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena De Carolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Criscuolo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stelvio Ballanti
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Mario Delia
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti di Organo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Fracchiolla
- Unità di Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- Unità di Ematologia e Trapianti, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Nadali
- Unità di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Picardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Lina Piccioni
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Addolorata, Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Verga
- Ematologia Adulti e CTA, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Candoni
- Centro Trapianti e Terapie Cellulari, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Busca
- Centro Trapianti di Midollo, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Livio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Ceballos-Garzon A, Amado D, Vélez N, Jiménez-A MJ, Rodríguez C, Parra-Giraldo CM. Development and Validation of an in-House Library of Colombian Candida auris Strains with MALDI-TOF MS to Improve Yeast Identification. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020072. [PMID: 32471074 PMCID: PMC7344545 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
: Background: Candida auris is characterized for having a high genetic variability among species. MALDI-TOF MS library contains spectra from only three strains of C. auris, which makes difficult the identification process and gives low scores at the species level. Our aim was to construct and validate an internal library to improve C. auris identification with Colombian clinical strains. METHODS From 30 clinical strains, 770 mass spectra were obtained for the construction of the database. The validation was performed with 300 strains to compare the identification results in the BDAL and C. auris Colombia libraries. RESULTS Our library allowed a complete, 100% identification of the evaluated strains and a significant improvement in the scores obtained, showing a better performance compared to the Bruker BDAL library. CONCLUSIONS The strengthening of the database is a great opportunity to improve the scoring and C. auris identification. Library data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ceballos-Garzon
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (A.C.-G.); (D.A.); (N.V.); (M.-J.J.-A.)
| | - Daniela Amado
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (A.C.-G.); (D.A.); (N.V.); (M.-J.J.-A.)
| | - Norida Vélez
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (A.C.-G.); (D.A.); (N.V.); (M.-J.J.-A.)
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 110931, Colombia
| | - María José Jiménez-A
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (A.C.-G.); (D.A.); (N.V.); (M.-J.J.-A.)
| | - Crescencio Rodríguez
- Bruker Mexicana, Ciudad de México 01-16. Damas 130 Int.501 Col, San José Insurgentes, Ciudad de México 03900, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (A.C.-G.); (D.A.); (N.V.); (M.-J.J.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Sun C, Zhang X, Wang J, Cheng C, Kang H, Gu B, Ma P. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with UF-5000i urine flow cytometry to directly identify pathogens in clinical urine specimens within 1 hour. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:602. [PMID: 32566628 PMCID: PMC7290531 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common hospital-associated infectious. The traditional laboratory diagnosis method for UTI requires at least 24 hours, and it cannot provide the etiology basis for the clinic in time. The aim of our study is to develop a new method for pathogenic diagnosis of UTI by combining matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and UF-5000i from urine samples directly within 1 hour. Methods A total of 1,503 urine samples were collected from patients suggesting symptoms of UTI from August 2018 to January 2019. Each of these samples was divided into three aliquots. The first aliquot was used for conventional cleaning mid-stream urine culture; the second one for UF-5000i analysis to screen out the bacterial counts, which were more than 1×105 bacteria/mL. The third one was processed to bacterial purification and directly identified by the MALDI-TOF MS. Results In our study, 296 of 1,503 urine specimens were screened out by UF-5000i (bacterial pellets counts ≥105/mL). Compared the conventional culture-dependent method, the results of our methods were consistent in 249 of 263 (94.7%) cases, and they were both single-microorganism. Among 249 credible results, species-level identification (score ≥2.0) was contained 233 (233/249. 93.6%), 16 (16/249, 6.4%) samples scored between 1.7 and 1.99, and 14 (14/249, 5.6%) samples scored <1.7 or no peaks found. When there were 2 different kinds of bacteria in the urine, the result of MALDI-TOF MS was unreliable. Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS combined with UF-5000i to identify the pathogenic bacteria in urine directly is a novel and reliable method and saves at least 23 hours relative to the current routine conventional method. Thus its rapid and accurate detection may provide the basis of etiology for clinical diagnosis of UTIs efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Sun
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Jingqiao Wang
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Haiquan Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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Evaluation of ID Fungi Plates Medium for Identification of Molds by MALDI Biotyper. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.01687-19. [PMID: 32051262 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01687-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) identification of pathogenic filamentous fungi is often impaired by difficulties in harvesting hyphae embedded in the medium and long extraction protocols. The ID Fungi Plate (IDFP) is a novel culture method developed to address such difficulties and improve the identification of filamentous fungi by MALDI-TOF MS. We cultured 64 strains and 11 clinical samples on IDFP, Sabouraud agar-chloramphenicol (SAB), and ChromID Candida agar (CAN2). We then compared the three media for growth, ease of harvest, amount of material picked, and MALDI-TOF identification scores after either rapid direct transfer (DT) or a long ethanol-acetonitrile (EA) extraction protocol. Antifungal susceptibility testing and microscopic morphology after subculture on SAB and IDFP were also compared for ten molds. Growth rates and morphological aspects were similar for the three media. With IDFP, harvesting of fungal material for the extraction procedure was rapid and easy in 92.4% of cases, whereas it was tedious on SAB or CAN2 in 65.2% and 80.3% of cases, respectively. The proportion of scores above 1.7 (defined as acceptable identification) were comparable for both extraction protocols using IDFP (P = 0.256). Moreover, rates of acceptable identification after DT performed on IDFP (93.9%) were significantly higher than those obtained after EA extraction with SAB (69.7%) or CAN2 (71.2%) (P = <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Morphological aspects and antifungal susceptibility testing were similar between IDFP and SAB. IDFP is a culture plate that facilitates and improves the identification of filamentous fungi, allowing accurate routine identification of molds with MALDI-TOF-MS using a rapid-extraction protocol.
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Enhanced textile wastewater treatment by a novel biofilm carrier with adsorbed nutrients. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guinea J, Arendrup MC, Cantón R, Cantón E, García-Rodríguez J, Gómez A, de la Pedrosa EGG, Hare RK, Orden B, Sanguinetti M, Pemán J, Posteraro B, Ruiz-Gaitán A, Parisi G, Da Matta DA, Colombo AL, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Reigadas E, Muñoz P, Escribano P. Genotyping Reveals High Clonal Diversity and Widespread Genotypes of Candida Causing Candidemia at Distant Geographical Areas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:166. [PMID: 32432048 PMCID: PMC7214738 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to gain further insight on Candida genotype distribution and percentage of clustered isolates between hospitals and to identify potential clusters involving different hospitals and cities. We aim to genotype Candida spp. isolates causing candidemia in patients admitted to 16 hospitals in Spain, Italy, Denmark, and Brazil. Eight hundred and eighty-four isolates (Candida albicans, n = 534; C. parapsilosis, n = 282; and C. tropicalis, n = 68) were genotyped using species-specific microsatellite markers. CDC3, EF3, HIS3, CAI, CAIII, and CAVI were used for C. albicans, Ctrm1, Ctrm10, Ctrm12, Ctrm21, Ctrm24, and Ctrm28 for C. tropicalis, and CP1, CP4a, CP6, and B for C. parapsilosis. Genotypes were classified as singletons (genotype only found once) or clusters (same genotype infecting two or more patients). Clusters were defined as intra-hospital (involving patients admitted to a single hospital), intra-ward (involving patients admitted to the same hospital ward) or widespread (involving patients admitted to different hospitals). The percentage of clusters and the proportion of patients involved in clusters among species, genotypic diversity and distribution of genetic diversity were assessed. Seven hundred and twenty-three genotypes were detected, 78 (11%) being clusters, most of which (57.7%; n = 45/78) were intra-hospital clusters including intra-ward ones (42.2%; n = 19/45). The proportion of clusters was not statistically different between species, but the percentage of patients in clusters varied among hospitals. A number of genotypes (7.2%; 52/723) were widespread (found at different hospitals), comprising 66.7% (52/78) of clusters, and involved patients at hospitals in the same city (n = 21) or in different cities (n = 31). Only one C. parapsilosis cluster was a widespread genotype found in all four countries. Around 11% of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis isolates causing candidemia are clusters that may result from patient-to-patient transmission, widespread genotypes commonly found in unrelated patients, or insufficient microsatellite typing genetic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Guinea
| | - Maiken C. Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Cantón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Gómez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Gómez G. de la Pedrosa
- Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rasmus K. Hare
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz Orden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Pemán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alba Ruiz-Gaitán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriella Parisi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arnaldo L. Colombo
- Special Mycology Laboratory, Universida de Federalde São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient's proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Modern automated blood culture systems enable detection of acute cases of brucellosis within the routine 5- to 7-day incubation protocol employed in clinical microbiology laboratories, although a longer incubation and performance of blind subcultures may be needed for protracted cases. Serological tests, though they lack specificity and provide results that may be difficult to interpret in individuals repeatedly exposed to Brucella organisms, nevertheless remain a diagnostic cornerstone in resource-poor countries. Nucleic acid amplification assays combine exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and safety and enable rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, long-term persistence of positive molecular test results in patients that have apparently fully recovered is common and has unclear clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Therefore, as long as there are no sufficiently validated commercial tests or studies that demonstrate an adequate interlaboratory reproducibility of the different homemade PCR assays, cultures and serological methods will remain the primary tools for the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yagupsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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Arastehfar A, Fang W, Al-Hatmi AMS, Afsarian MH, Daneshnia F, Bakhtiari M, Sadati SK, Badali H, Khodavaisy S, Hagen F, Liao W, Pan W, Zomorodian K, Boekhout T. Unequivocal identification of an underestimated opportunistic yeast species, Cyberlindnera fabianii, and its close relatives using a dual-function PCR and literature review of published cases. Med Mycol 2019; 57:833-840. [PMID: 30649481 PMCID: PMC6739237 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Cyberlindnera fabinaii is a rare opportunist yeast species, its ability to cause septicemia, produce biofilm, and rapid acquisition of resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole, reinforced the urge for its identification from its closely related species. Widely used biochemical assays mainly identify Cyberlindnera fabinaii as Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, resulting in underestimation of this yeast in clinical settings. Moreover, the urge for a reliable molecular means of identification remains unsolved for 28 years. In order to unequivocally differentiate Cy. fabianii, Cy. mississipiensis, Cy. jadinii, and W. anomalus, we designed a dual-function multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Challenging our dual-function multiplex PCR assay with 30 most clinically important yeast species, proved its specificity. Although conventional PCR could differentiate four target species, the real-time PCR counterpart due to Tm overlap misidentified Cy. mississipiensis as Cy. jadinii. Alongside of presenting a comprehensive literature review of published cases of Cy. fabianii from 1990 to 2018, we collected various clinical isolates from Tehran, Shiraz, and Fasa (July 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017) to find a passive relative distribution of these closely-related species in Iran. Subjecting our Iranian collection of yeast isolates to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and LSU and ITS rDNA sequencing revealed six isolates of Cy. fabianii (central venous catheter n = 2 and vaginal swabs n = 4) and one isolate of Cy. jadinii (vaginal swabs). Due to the use of biochemical assays in global ARTEMIS study, we encourage reidentification of clinical isolates of Cy. jadinii and Cy. jadinii using MALDI-TOF or Sanger sequencing that might lead to correcting the distribution of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri, Oman
| | | | - Farnaz Daneshnia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mina Bakhtiari
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Khanjari Sadati
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gabaldón T. Recent trends in molecular diagnostics of yeast infections: from PCR to NGS. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:517-547. [PMID: 31158289 PMCID: PMC8038933 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of opportunistic yeast infections in humans has been increasing over recent years. These infections are difficult to treat and diagnose, in part due to the large number and broad diversity of species that can underlie the infection. In addition, resistance to one or several antifungal drugs in infecting strains is increasingly being reported, severely limiting therapeutic options and showcasing the need for rapid detection of the infecting agent and its drug susceptibility profile. Current methods for species and resistance identification lack satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, and often require prior culturing of the infecting agent, which delays diagnosis. Recently developed high-throughput technologies such as next generation sequencing or proteomics are opening completely new avenues for more sensitive, accurate and fast diagnosis of yeast pathogens. These approaches are the focus of intensive research, but translation into the clinics requires overcoming important challenges. In this review, we provide an overview of existing and recently emerged approaches that can be used in the identification of yeast pathogens and their drug resistance profiles. Throughout the text we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology and discuss the most promising developments in their path from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing of non-albicansCandida species colonizing mucosae of HIV-infected patients in Yaoundé (Cameroon). J Mycol Med 2019; 29:233-238. [PMID: 31204235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species have emerged as potent pathogenic yeasts among HIV-infected patients. Authors evaluated the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing of non-albicansCandida species colonizing Yaoundé (capital of the Republic of Cameroon, Central Africa) HIV-infected patients. The mucosal specimens were collected and submitted to the mycological diagnosis. Yeast isolates were identified by the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The antifungal susceptibility testing was achieved by the CLSI-M27 protocols, and the interpretation of clinical break points (CBPs) and epidemiological cutoff values were in accordance with the CLSI-M60 and M59 recommendations. Four hundred and two patients were recruited and 1218 samples collected. The colonisation frequency was 24.1% and 304 yeasts isolated. Yeast isolates were 113 (37.2%) C. albicans, 2 (0.7%) C. africana and 172 (56.6%) NAC isolates. The NAC isolates were grouped into 13 species including C. krusei (18.1%), C. glabrata (10.9%), C. tropicalis (8.5%) and C. parapsilosis (5.9%) as the major ones. All the isolates appeared to be wild-type for amphotericin B and itraconazole. One (1/33) isolate of C. glabrata was resistant to fluconazole. C. arapsilosis isolates appeared all susceptible to fluconazole. C. tropicalis isolates presented 50% (13/26) resistance to fluconazole. The achieved results bring out new insights about epidemiology of NAC species in Cameroon. The results also highlight the resistance of NAC species to current antifungal drugs.
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Stavrou AA, Lackner M, Lass-Flörl C, Boekhout T. The changing spectrum of Saccharomycotina yeasts causing candidemia: phylogeny mirrors antifungal susceptibility patterns for azole drugs and amphothericin B. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5510445. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia A Stavrou
- Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Lackner
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Toward a rapid method for the study of biodiversity in cold environments: the characterization of psychrophilic yeasts by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Extremophiles 2019; 23:461-466. [PMID: 31089891 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) as a platform to support biodiversity and phylogenetic studies of psychrophilic yeasts in cold environments, the technique was employed to rapidly characterize and distinguish three psychrophilic yeasts (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Naganishia vishniacii, and Dioszegia cryoxerica) from three mesophilic counterparts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cry Havoc, S. cerevisiae California V Ale, and S. pastorianus). A detailed workflow for providing reproducible mass spectral fingerprints of low molecular weight protein/peptide features specific to the organisms studied is presented. The potential of this approach as a tool in the study of biodiversity, systematics, and phylogeny of psychrophilic microorganisms is highlighted.
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Reagent-Free Identification of Clinical Yeasts by Use of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01739-18. [PMID: 30787141 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01739-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections by opportunistic yeasts have increased concomitantly with the growth of an immunocompromised patient population. Misidentification of yeasts can lead to inappropriate antifungal treatment and complications. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a promising method for rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is a standalone, inexpensive, reagent-free technique that provides results within minutes after initial culture. In this study, a comprehensive spectral reference database of 65 clinically relevant yeast species was constructed and tested prospectively on spectra recorded (from colonies taken from culture plates) for 318 routine yeasts isolated from various body fluids and specimens received from 38 microbiology laboratories over a 4-month period in our clinical laboratory. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy attained comparable identification performance with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In a preliminary validation of the ATR-FTIR method, correct identification rates of 100% and 95.6% at the genus and species levels, respectively, were achieved, with 3.5% unidentified and 0.9% misidentified. By expanding the number of spectra in the spectral reference database for species for which isolates could not be identified or had been misidentified, we were able to improve identification at the species level to 99.7%. Thus, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy provides a new standalone method that can rival MALDI-TOF MS for the accurate identification of a broad range of medically important yeasts. The simplicity of the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy workflow favors its use in clinical laboratories for timely and low-cost identification of life-threatening yeast strains for appropriate treatment.
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Comparison of MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper and 16S rDNA sequencing for the identification of Pseudomonas species isolated from fish. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:313-318. [PMID: 30999019 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective and reliable methods of identification of Pseudomonas species are important for the characterization of microorganisms. Freshwater ecosystems are an important source of Pseudomonas species, including those pathogenic to fish and humans. The aim of the present study was to compare the identification conducted with MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper and 16S rDNA sequencing of fish-borne Pseudomonas spp. Altogether, 13 different Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from freshwater fish. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear taxonomic placement only for 13 out of 15 Pseudomonas isolates. Accordance of identification method was found only in 6 out of 15 isolates. The human pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. were not found in our study, indicating that the fish could be considered as safe for consumption. The present study revealed a high discriminatory power of the mass spectra investigation and 16S rDNA gene sequencing technology for the identification of Pseudomonas spp. associated with freshwater fish.
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50
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Hou TY, Chiang-Ni C, Teng SH. Current status of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in clinical microbiology. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:404-414. [PMID: 30987712 PMCID: PMC9296205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a type of analysis used to determine what molecules make up a sample, based on the mass spectrum that are created by the ions. Mass spectrometers are able to perform traditional target analyte identification and quantitation; however, they may also be used within a clinical setting for the rapid identification of bacteria. The causative agent in sepsis is changed over time, and clinical decisions affecting the management of infections are often based on the outcomes of bacterial identification. Therefore, it is essential that such identifications are performed quickly and interpreted correctly. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer is one of the most popular MS instruments used in biology, due to its rapid and precise identification of genus and species of an extensive range of Gram-negative and-positive bacteria. Microorganism identification by Mass spectrometry is based on identifying a characteristic spectrum of each species and then matched with a large database within the instrument. The present review gives a contemporary perspective on the challenges and opportunities for bacterial identification as well as a written report of how technological innovation has advanced MS. Future clinical applications will also be addressed, particularly the use of MALDI-TOF MS in the field of microbiology for the identification and the analysis of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yun Hou
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Teng
- Bruker Taiwan Co., Ltd., Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. 4F, 107 Yanshou Street, Songshan District, Taipei City 105, Taiwan. Fax: +886 2 2761 5335. E-mail address: (S.-H. Teng)
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