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Chon I, Saito R, Kyaw Y, Aye MM, Setk S, Phyu WW, Wagatsuma K, Li J, Sun Y, Otoguro T, Win SMK, Yoshioka S, Win NC, Ja LD, Tin HH, Watanabe H. Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020583. [PMID: 36851797 PMCID: PMC9964416 DOI: 10.3390/v15020583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An influenza circulation was observed in Myanmar between October and November in 2021. Patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness were screened using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and 147/414 (35.5%) upper respiratory tract specimens presented positive results. All RDT-positive samples were screened by a commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and 30 samples positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B underwent further typing/subtyping for cycle threshold (Ct) value determination based on cycling probe RT-PCR. The majority of subtyped samples (n = 13) were influenza A(H3N2), while only three were B/Victoria. Clinical samples with low Ct values obtained by RT-PCR were used for whole-genome sequencing via next-generation sequencing technology. All collected viruses were distinct from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains of the corresponding season but matched with vaccines of the following season. Influenza A(H3N2) strains from Myanmar belonged to clade 2a.3 and shared the highest genetic proximity with Bahraini strains. B/Victoria viruses belonged to clade V1A.3a.2 and were genetically similar to Bangladeshi strains. This study highlights the importance of performing influenza virus surveillance with genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar, to contribute to global influenza surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2129
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun General Hospital, Yangon 110-71, Myanmar
| | - Moe Myat Aye
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Swe Setk
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Wagatsuma
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jiaming Li
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Teruhime Otoguro
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Sayaka Yoshioka
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, Myanmar
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Kumar A, Sambandam S, Ramalingam A, Krishnamoorthy R, Arumugam D, Oyeneyin OE. Synthesis, molecular docking of 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one: Hirshfeld surface, spectroscopic and DFT based analyses. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Wagatsuma K, Saito R, Chon I, Phyu WW, Fujio K, Kawashima T, Sato I, Saito T, Minato M, Kodo N, Suzuki E, Ono Y, Masaki H, Shirahige Y, Kitano A, Hamabata H, Yuyang S, Jiaming L, Watanabe H. Duration of fever and symptoms in influenza-infected children treated with baloxavir marboxil during the 2019–2020 season in Japan and detection of influenza virus with the PA E23K substitution. Antiviral Res 2022; 201:105310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Broadly Reactive Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of Hepatitis E Virus and Simultaneous Genotyping by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0191221. [PMID: 35138152 PMCID: PMC8826742 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01912-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a global public health concern. Although HEV infection is usually asymptomatic and self-limiting, extrahepatic manifestations and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients have been described. HEV strains infecting humans have been classified into four main genotypes. In this study we have developed and validated a novel sensitive real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of all four HEV genotypes. Simultaneous discrimination of genotypes 1, 2, and 4 from genotype 3 by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was possible. In all, 201 serum samples from cases and carriers previously tested for HEV by nested RT-PCR were analyzed. Twenty-seven HEV-positive samples could not be typed by the nested RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing, but were newly typed by SNP analysis. As polymorphisms were present at the primer or probe binding site, we adopted a degenerate primer and mixed probes. When a mixed probe was added, the fluorescence intensity increased, facilitating genotype determination. IMPORTANCE The distribution of HEV-3 and HEV-4 has been changing. HEV-4, which had been predominantly found in Asia, is now being detected in other parts of the world, and there are now reports of chronic infections. Additionally, neurological disorders have frequently been reported in patients with acute or chronic HEV infections. HEV-4 has also been shown to lead to a higher severity in terms of acute hepatitis than does HEV-3. Early typing can provide useful information regarding the route of infection and for tailoring treatment to the expected course of the disease. The present method afforded a good detection rate even when polymorphisms were present within the target region for viral gene detection. We believe that this method can be applied to the analysis of mutation-prone viral genes in the future.
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Molecular Docking and Virtual Screening of an Influenza Virus Inhibitor That Disrupts Protein-Protein Interactions. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112229. [PMID: 34835035 PMCID: PMC8620322 DOI: 10.3390/v13112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus, but few drugs are available for its treatment. Consequently, researchers have been engaged in efforts to discover new antiviral mechanisms that can lay the foundation for novel anti-influenza drugs. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an enzyme that plays an indispensable role in the viral infection process, which is directly linked to the survival of the virus. Methods of inhibiting PB1-PB2 (basic polymerase 1-basic polymerase 2) interactions, which are a key part of RdRp enzyme activity, are integral in the design of novel antiviral drugs, a specific PB1-PB2 interactions inhibitor has not been reported. We have screened Enamine's database and conducted a parallel screening of multiple docking schemes, followed by simulations of molecular dynamics to determine the structure of a stable ligand-PB1 complex. We also calculated the free energy of binding between the screened compounds and PB1 protein. Ultimately, we screened and identified a potential PB1-PB2 inhibitor using the ADMET prediction model.
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Higgins O, Smith TJ. 3' Tth Endonuclease Cleavage Polymerase Chain Reaction (3TEC-PCR) Technology for Single-Base-Specific Multiplex Pathogen Detection using a Two-Oligonucleotide System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6061. [PMID: 34199760 PMCID: PMC8199996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the standard in nucleic acid amplification technology for infectious disease pathogen detection and has been the primary diagnostic tool employed during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Various PCR technology adaptations, typically using two-oligonucleotide dye-binding methods or three-oligonucleotide hydrolysis probe systems, enable real-time multiplex target detection or single-base specificity for the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A small number of two-oligonucleotide PCR systems facilitating both multiplex detection and SNP identification have been reported; however, these methods often have limitations in terms of target specificity, production of variable or false-positive results, and the requirement for extensive optimisation or post-amplification analysis. This study introduces 3' Tth endonuclease cleavage PCR (3TEC-PCR), a two-oligonucleotide PCR system incorporating a modified primer/probe and a thermostable cleavage enzyme, Tth endonuclease IV, for real-time multiplex detection and SNP identification. Complete analytical specificity, low limits of detection, single-base specificity, and simultaneous multiple target detection have been demonstrated in this study using 3TEC-PCR to identify bacterial meningitis associated pathogens. This is the first report of a two-oligonucleotide, real-time multiplex PCR technology with single-base specificity using Tth endonuclease IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Higgins
- Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;
- Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Terry J. Smith
- Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;
- Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Development of cycling probe based real-time PCR methodology for influenza A viruses possessing the PA/I38T amino acid substitution associated with reduced baloxavir susceptibility. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105036. [PMID: 33577807 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Baloxavir marboxil has been used for influenza treatment since March 2018 in Japan. After baloxavir treatment, the most frequently detected substitution is Ile38Thr in polymerase acidic protein (PA/I38T), and this substitution reduces baloxavir susceptibility in influenza A viruses. To rapidly investigate the frequency of PA/I38T in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and A (H3N2) viruses in clinical samples, we established a rapid real-time system to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms in PA, using cycling probe real-time PCR. We designed two sets of probes that were labeled with either 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) or 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX) to identify PA/I38 (wild type strain) or PA/I38T, respectively. The established cycling probe real-time PCR system showed a dynamic linear range of 101 to 106 copies with high sensitivity in plasmid DNA controls. This real-time PCR system discriminated between PA/I38T and wild type viruses well. During the 2018/19 season, 377 influenza A-positive clinical samples were collected in Japan before antiviral treatment. Using our cycling probe real-time PCR system, we detected no (0/129, 0.0%) influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses with PA/I38T substitutions and four A (H3N2) (4/229, 1.7%) with PA/I38T substitution prior to treatment. In addition, we found PA/I38T variant in siblings who did not received baloxavir treatment during an infection caused by A (H3N2) that afflicted the entire family. Although human-to-human transmission of PA/I38T variant may have occurred in a closed environment, the prevalence of this variant in influenza A viruses was still limited. Our cycling probe-PCR system is thus useful for antiviral surveillance of influenza A viruses possessing PA/I38T.
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Wen J, Gou H, Liu J, Zhou H, Lin Q, Qu X, Chen K, Wang S, Shen H, Liao M, Zhang J. A one-step closed-tube enzyme-activated blocked probe assay based on SNP for rapid detection of Salmonella Pullorum. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1059-1067. [PMID: 33518064 PMCID: PMC7858149 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Pullorum (S. Pullorum) is an infectious bacterial pathogen in the poultry industry that causes systemic pullorum disease. This disease causes great losses in terms of the clinical production and quality of chicken products in breeding farms. However, an acknowledged usable rapid detection method for its specific identification has not been reported, and it is generally difficult to distinguish from fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum. The development of a specific and rapid detection method for this pathogen is therefore needed. In the present study, we targeted the single-nucleotide mutation position 237 of the S. Pullorum rfbS gene to develop an enzyme-activated blocked probe for its clinical rapid detection. The method displayed robust specificity and reproducibility, and it achieved minimal detection limits of 21 copies/μL of copy number and 4.53 pg/μL of genomic DNA. Compared with traditional identification and PCR methods, this method performed better for the detection of 100 clinical actual samples and without false negative results. The entire process can be accomplished in a 1-step closed-tube operation, overcomes the difficulties currently associated with S. Pullorum detection, and provides a specific and rapid method with broad application potential for SNP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Wen
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hualiang Zhou
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Qijie Lin
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaojun Wang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory For Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Saito R, Osada H, Wagatsuma K, Chon I, Sato I, Kawashima T, Saito T, Kodo N, Ono Y, Shimada Y, Phyu W, Shobugawa Y. Duration of fever and symptoms in children after treatment with baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir during the 2018–2019 season and detection of variant influenza a viruses with polymerase acidic subunit substitutions. Antiviral Res 2020; 183:104951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Toyotome T, Arai T, Watanabe A, Kamei K. Detection of Substitutions at 98th, 121st, and 289th Amino Acid Residues in Cyp51A using Cycling Probes. Med Mycol J 2020; 61:7-10. [PMID: 32115445 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.19-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus containing unique mutation(s) of cyp51A with tandem repeats in the promoter region has emerged and has become dispersed in environments worldwide. For this study, we designed primers and cycling probes to detect mutations associated with tandem repeats. Substitutions at the 293rd nucleotide (leucine or histidine at the 98th amino acid residue), at the 362nd nucleotide (tyrosine or phenylalanine at the 121st amino acid residue), and at the 865th nucleotide (threonine or alanine at the 289th amino acid residue) in cyp51A were detected using these primers and probes. These results suggest that the primer and probe sets are helpful in detecting these mutations and in differentiating the types of tandem repeats in cyp51A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Toyotome
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
| | - Teppei Arai
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University
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Dunbar S, Das S. Amplification chemistries in clinical virology. J Clin Virol 2019; 115:18-31. [PMID: 30953805 PMCID: PMC7106405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic methods have evolved and matured considerably over the last several decades and are constantly being evaluated and adopted by clinical laboratories for the identification of infectious pathogens. Advancement in other technologies such as fluorescence, electronics, instrumentation, automation, and sensors have made the overall diagnostic process more accurate, sensitive, and rapid. Nucleic acid based detection procedures, which rely on the fundamental principles of DNA replication have emerged as a popular and standard diagnostic method, and several commercial assays are currently available based on different nucleic acid amplification techniques. This review focuses on the major amplification chemistries that are used for developing commercial assays and discusses their application in the clinical virology laboratory.
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Chon I, Saito R, Hibino A, Yagami R, Dapat C, Odagiri T, Kondo H, Sato I, Kimura S, Kawashima T, Kodo N, Masaki H, Asoh N, Tsuchihashi Y, Zaraket H, Shobugawa Y. Effectiveness of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in Japan during the 2015-2016 season: A test-negative case-control study comparing the results by real time PCR, virus isolation. Vaccine X 2019; 1:100011. [PMID: 31384733 PMCID: PMC6668230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in 2015-2016 season against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza, when quadrivalent inactivated vaccine (IIV4) was first introduced in Japan, using test-negative case-control design. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cocirculated with B/Yamagata and B/Victoria during the study period in Japan. METHOD We based our case definition on two laboratory tests, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR), and virus isolation and compared VEs based on these tests. In addition, VE was evaluated by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from outpatients who visited clinics with influenza-like illness (ILIs) in Hokkaido, Niigata, Gunma and Nagasaki prefectures. RESULTS Among 713 children and adults enrolled in this study, 578 were influenza positive by RT PCR including, 392 influenza A and 186 influenza B, while 135 were tested negative controls. The adjusted VE by RT PCR for all ages against any influenza was low protection of 36.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1% to 58.6%), for influenza A was 30.0% (95% CI: -10.0% to 55.5%), and influenza B was moderate 50.2% (95% CI: 13.3% to 71.4%). Adjusted VE for virus isolation for A(H1N1)pdm09 was 37.1% (95% CI: 1.7% to 59.7%), Yamagata lineage 51.3% (95% CI: 6.4% to 74.7%) and Victoria lineage 21.3% (95% CI: -50.0% to 58.9%). VE was highest and protective in 0-5 years old group against any influenza and influenza A and B/Yamagata, but the protective effect was not observed for other age groups and B/Victoria. RDT demonstrated concordant results with RT PCR and virus isolation. Sequencing of hemagglutinin gene showed that all A(H1N1)pdm09 belong to clade 6B including 31 strains (88.6%), which belong to clade 6B.1 possessing S162N mutations that may alter antigenicity and affect VE for A(H1N1)pdm09. CONCLUSIONS IIV4 influenza vaccine during 2015-2016 was effective against A(H1N1)pdm09 and the two lineages of type B. Younger children was more protected than older children and adults by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hibino
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ren Yagami
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Isamu Sato
- Yoiko-no-Syounika Sato Pediatric Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinji Kimura
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Zaraket
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Htwe KTZ, Dapat C, Shobugawa Y, Odagiri T, Hibino A, Kondo H, Yagami R, Saito T, Takemae N, Tamura T, Watanabe H, Kyaw Y, Lin N, Myint YY, Tin HH, Thein W, Kyaw LL, Soe PE, Naito M, Zaraket H, Suzuki H, Abe T, Saito R. Phylogeographic analysis of human influenza A and B viruses in Myanmar, 2010-2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210550. [PMID: 30629691 PMCID: PMC6328249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the circulation patterns of human influenza A and B viruses in Myanmar between 2010 and 2015 by analyzing full HA genes. Upper respiratory tract specimens were collected from patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness. A total of 2,860 respiratory samples were screened by influenza rapid diagnostic test, of which 1,577 (55.1%) and 810 (28.3%) were positive for influenza A and B, respectively. Of the 1,010 specimens that were positive for virus isolation, 370 (36.6%) were A(H1N1)pdm09, 327 (32.4%) were A(H3N2), 130 (12.9%) B(Victoria), and 183 (18.1%) were B(Yamagata) viruses. Our data showed that influenza epidemics mainly occurred during the rainy season in Myanmar. Our three study sites, Yangon, Pyinmana, and Pyin Oo Lwin had similar seasonality and circulating type and subtype of influenza in a given year. Moreover, viruses circulating in Myanmar during the study period were closely related genetically to those detected in Thailand, India, and China. Phylogeographic analysis showed that A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Myanmar originated from Europe and migrated to other countries via Japan. Similarly, A(H3N2) viruses in Myanmar originated from Europe, and disseminated to the various countries via Australia. In addition, Myanmar plays a key role in reseeding of influenza B viruses to Southeast Asia and East Asia as well as Europe and Africa. Thus, we concluded that influenza virus in Myanmar has a strong link to neighboring Asian countries, Europe and Oceania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thu Zar Htwe
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hibino
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ren Yagami
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takemae
- Influenza and Prion Disease Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamura
- Niigata Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 314–1 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun Sanpya Hospital, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar
| | - Nay Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology Section, Pyinmana Township Hospital, Pyinmana Township, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Yi Yi Myint
- Yangon General Hospital, Lanmadaw, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Dagon, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar
| | - Win Thein
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Dagon, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar
| | - Latt Latt Kyaw
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Dagon, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar
| | - Pan Ei Soe
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Dagon, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar
| | - Makoto Naito
- Pathology department, Niigata Medical Center Hospital, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- School of Nursing and Psychology, Niigata Seiryo University, Suido-cho Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Kondo H, Shobugawa Y, Hibino A, Yagami R, Dapat C, Okazaki M, Otsuka T, Fujii K, Hassan MR, Saito R. Influenza Virus Shedding in Laninamivir-Treated Children upon Returning to School. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 238:113-21. [PMID: 26806610 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.238.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current School Health and Safety Act in Japan states that children with influenza infection should stay home until day 6(th) after symptoms onset. This was an amendment of a previous version recommending school return on day 3 after defervescence. Here, we investigated the duration of fever and virus shedding after laninamivir treatment in 7 children infected with influenza A(H3N2) virus and 21 children with influenza B virus in relation to the school return timing recommended by the School Health and Safety Act during the 2011-2012 influenza season. Nasal discharge was collected on the first, second, and third hospital visits and virus titers were assessed by virus culture and real-time PCR. Duration of fever after laninamivir treatment was 1 day longer for influenza B than for influenza A(H3N2). Virus detection rates with 50% tissue culture infectious dose and viral RNA were highest at the first visit and gradually decreased at subsequent visits. Virus positivity rates were detectable at the time of defervescence in less than half of the enrolled patients (14.3-42.9%). Virus shedding rates were similarly low (0.0-19.0%) on day 3 or later from defervescence and on day 6 or later from fever onset (school return dates per the old and current School Health and Safety Act) regardless of the influenza type. In conclusion, despite the higher efficacy of laninamivir against A(H3N2) viruses than B viruses, viral shedding is low after return to school for both types, regardless of the version of the School Health and Safety Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kondo
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University
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15
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DING XIA, GAO SUMEI, YANG QIFENG. rs621554 single nucleotide polymorphism of DLC1 is associated with breast cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4095-100. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Behzadi P, Ranjbar R, Alavian SM. Nucleic Acid-based approaches for detection of viral hepatitis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 8:e17449. [PMID: 25789132 PMCID: PMC4350052 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT To determining suitable nucleic acid diagnostics for individual viral hepatitis agent, an extensive search using related keywords was done in major medical library and data were collected, categorized, and summarized in different sections. RESULTS Various types of molecular biology tools can be used to detect and quantify viral genomic elements and analyze the sequences. These molecular assays are proper technologies for rapidly detecting viral agents with high accuracy, high sensitivity, and high specificity. Nonetheless, the application of each diagnostic method is completely dependent on viral agent. CONCLUSIONS Despite rapidity, automation, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and high specificity of molecular techniques, each type of molecular technology has its own advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Reza Ranjbar, Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-21-88039883, E-mail:
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Chandler DP, Griesemer SB, Knickerbocker C, Golova JB, Lambarqui A, Perov AN, Zimmerman C, Wiles C, Rudy GB, St George K. Development and clinical testing of a simple, low-density gel element array for influenza identification, subtyping, and H275Y detection. J Virol Methods 2014; 208:152-9. [PMID: 25066276 PMCID: PMC4175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop a user-friendly, gel element microarray test for influenza virus detection, subtyping, and neuraminidase inhibitor resistance detection, assess the performance characteristics of the assay, and perform a clinical evaluation on retrospective nasopharyngeal swab specimens. A streamlined microarray workflow enabled a single user to run up to 24 tests in an 8h shift. The most sensitive components of the test were the primers and probes targeting the A/H1 pdm09 HA gene with an analytical limit of detection (LoD) <100 gene copies (gc) per reaction. LoDs for all targets in nasopharyngeal swab samples were ≤1000 gc, with the exception of one target in the seasonal A/H1N1 subtype. Seasonal H275Y variants were detectable in a mixed population when present at >5% with wild type virus, while the 2009 pandemic H1N1 H275Y variant was detectable at ≤1% in a mixture with pandemic wild type virus. Influenza typing and subtyping results concurred with those obtained with real-time RT-PCR assays on more than 97% of the samples tested. The results demonstrate that a large panel of single-plex, real-time RT-PCR tests can be translated to an easy-to-use, sensitive, and specific microarray test for potential diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell P Chandler
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States.
| | - Sara B Griesemer
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | | | - Julia B Golova
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - Amine Lambarqui
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - Alexander N Perov
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - Cynthia Zimmerman
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - Cory Wiles
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - George B Rudy
- Akonni Biosystems, Inc., 400 Sagner Avenue, Suite 300, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - Kirsten St George
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States
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18
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Zaraket H, Dapat C, Ghanem S, Ali Z, Lteif M, Kondo H, Dapat IC, Saito K, Kayali G, Suzuki H, Dbaibo G, Saito R. Characterization of human Influenza Viruses in Lebanon during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 post-pandemic seasons. Intervirology 2014; 57:344-52. [PMID: 25301400 DOI: 10.1159/000365758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To genetically characterize human influenza viruses and their susceptibilities to antivirals during two post-pandemic seasons in Lebanon. METHODS Influenza virus was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs that were obtained from patients with influenza-like illness during 2010-2012 and further analyzed both phenotypically and genotypically. RESULTS During the 2010-2011 season, both 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1p) and B viruses co-circulated with equal prevalence, while the H3N2 virus predominated during the 2011-2012 season. All H3N2 and H1N1 viruses were resistant to amantadine. Importantly, all viruses of the influenza A and B types were susceptible to the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir. Nonetheless, all 2011-2012 H1N1p isolates had three mutations (V241I, N369K, and N386S) in the NA gene that were suggested to be permissive of the H275Y mutation, which confers resistance to oseltamivir. We also detected one H1N1p virus during the 2010-2011 season with a 4-fold decrease in susceptibility to oseltamivir due to an NA-S247N mutation. This isolate was phylogenetically distinct from other H1N1p viruses that were isolated in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Influenza A viruses with reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir and mutations permissive for acquiring NA resistance-conferring mutation with minimal burden on their fitness were isolated in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its macrolide-resistance mutation by Cycleave PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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The CFTR M470V, intron 8 poly-T, and 8 TG-repeats detection in Chinese males with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:689185. [PMID: 24551851 PMCID: PMC3914569 DOI: 10.1155/2014/689185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the significance of molecular detection of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) M470V, intron 8 poly-T, and intron 8 TG-repeats in congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Methods. Eighty-nine male patients with CBAVD and 103 healthy males were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the polymorphic regions using primers from conserved regions. M470V was genotyped using real-time PCR by cycling probe. The exon 9 DNA sequence was determined using an automated sequencer. TG-repeats and poly-T were identified by direct sequencing analysis. Results. The 5T allele distribution was 0.32, 0.66 for 7T, and 0.02 for 9T in CBAVD males, respectively. In contrast, the 5T allele distribution was 0.03, 0.96 for 7T, and 0.01 for 9T in healthy control. Study of the polymorphisms of the upstream of exon 9 revealed a higher frequency of 5T allele in the CBAVD males. All cases with TG13T5 haplotype and TG12T5 homozygous led to CBAVD. The CFTR TG12T5-V470 variant haplotype was associated with CBAVD. Conclusion. The 5T allele of intron 8 of CFTR has clinically significant association with CBAVD. TG13T5 and TG12T5 homozygously led to CBAVD, and TG12T5-V470 may also lead to CBAVD.
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Wiriyakarun S, Zhu S, Komatsu K, Sukrong S. The Use of Cycleave PCR for the Differentiation of the Rejuvenating Herb Species Pueraria candollei (White Kwao Khruea), Butea superba (Red Kwao Khruea), and Mucuna macrocarpa (Black Kwao Khruea), and the Simultaneous Detection of Multiple DNA Targets in a DNA Admixture. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kwao Khruea, the tuberous roots of Pueraria candollei Graham ex Benth. (White Kwao Khruea), Butea superba Roxb. (Red Kwao Khruea), and Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. (Black Kwao Khruea), are used as rejuvenating herbs in traditional medicine in many tropical countries. Although Kwao Khruea has attracted strong interest because of its rejuvenation properties, each species is used for specific purposes and effects. P. candollei shows estrogenic effects in females. In contrast, B. superba and M. macrocarpa show androgenic effects in males. The potential misidentification of dried tuberous roots of various Kwao Khruea species might cause problems in the drug market, especially when they are reduced into powders. A cycleave PCR, which is based on the sequence of chloroplast matK gene, was developed to differentiate P. candollei, B. superba, and M. macrocarpa. The results showed that cycleave PCR is able to identify specific Kwao Khruea species. A multiplex cycleave PCR was optimized for the simultaneous detection of two different DNA targets in a DNA admixture. The specificity of this technique was confirmed by its ability to distinguish M. macrocarpa from five related Mucuna species. Cycleave PCR can be a specific, sensitive, and rapid method for the identification of medicinal plants and crude plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchaya Wiriyakarun
- Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Shu Zhu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ihira M, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Sugata K, Ohashi M, Asano Y, Yoshikawa T. Cycling probe technology to quantify and discriminate between wild-type varicella-zoster virus and Oka vaccine strains. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:308-13. [PMID: 23820238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid differentiation between wild-type varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Oka-vaccine (vOka) strains is important for monitoring side reactions of varicella vaccination. To develop a high-throughput molecular diagnostic method for the differentiation of wild-type VZV and vOka strains based on cycling probe technology. The primers were designed to amplify common sequences spanning a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in gene 62 of VZV. DNA-RNA chimeric probes (cycling probes) were designed to detect the SNP at nucleotide 105705. The cycling probe real-time PCR assays for VZV wild-type and vOka strains specifically amplified plasmids containing target sequences that ranged between 10 and 1×10(6) copies per reaction. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5%. After initial validation studies, the clinical reliability of this method was evaluated using 38 swab samples that were collected from patients suspected of being zoster. Compared to the loop mediated isothermal amplification method, which is defined as the gold standard, cycling probe real-time PCR was highly sensitive and specific. The cycling probe real-time PCR technology is a reliable tool for differentiating between wild-type VZV and vOka strains in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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23
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Sperandio D, Mackman R. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Inhibitors. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections with the respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) are the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and a serious health concern in infants less than 2 years of age, the immunocompromised and the geriatric population. Numerous research programs directed at small‐molecule inhibitors of RSV have been initiated over the last 50 years. RSV inhibitors that target the fusion event have shown a lot of promise and are reviewed in this chapter. However, none of these programs have yet reached the market or late‐stage clinical development. Therefore, focus in this review is given to the challenges in the preclinical development phase and the ideal target product profile. The challenges in clinical development are also discussed, including the use of a new RSV challenge strain (Memphis 37), clinical trial design in immunosupressed patients, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) and clinical trials in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sperandio
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404 USA
| | - Richard Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404 USA
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Dapat IC, Dapat C, Baranovich T, Suzuki Y, Kondo H, Shobugawa Y, Saito R, Suzuki H. Genetic characterization of human influenza viruses in the pandemic (2009-2010) and post-pandemic (2010-2011) periods in Japan. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36455. [PMID: 22761651 PMCID: PMC3384667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus was first detected in Japan in May 2009 and continued to circulate in the 2010–2011 season. This study aims to characterize human influenza viruses circulating in Japan in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods and to determine the prevalence of antiviral-resistant viruses. Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from patients with influenza-like illness on their first visit at outpatient clinics during the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 influenza seasons. Cycling probe real-time PCR assays were performed to screen for antiviral-resistant strains. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA genes were done to characterize circulating strains. Results and Conclusion In the pandemic period (2009–2010), the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus was the only circulating strain isolated. None of the 601 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates had the H275Y substitution in NA (oseltamivir resistance) while 599/601 isolates (99.7%) had the S31N substitution in M2 (amantadine resistance). In the post-pandemic period (2010–2011), cocirculation of different types and subtypes of influenza viruses was observed. Of the 1,278 samples analyzed, 414 (42.6%) were A(H1N1)pdm09, 525 (54.0%) were A(H3N2) and 33 (3.4%) were type-B viruses. Among A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates, 2 (0.5%) were oseltamivir-resistant and all were amantadine-resistant. Among A(H3N2) viruses, 520 (99.0%) were amantadine-resistant. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from the post-pandemic period showed further evolution from the pandemic period viruses. For viruses that circulated in 2010–2011, strain predominance varied among prefectures. In Hokkaido, Niigata, Gunma and Nagasaki, A(H3N2) viruses (A/Perth/16/2009-like) were predominant whereas, in Kyoto, Hyogo and Osaka, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses (A/New_York/10/2009-like) were predominant. Influenza B Victoria(HA)-Yamagata(NA) reassortant viruses (B/Brisbane/60/2008-like) were predominant while a small proportion was in Yamagata lineage. Genetic variants with mutations at antigenic sites were identified in A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and type-B viruses in the 2010–2011 season but did not show a change in antigenicity when compared with respective vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde C. Dapat
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatiana Baranovich
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suzuki
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- School of Nursing, Niigata Seiryo University, Niigata, Japan
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Oguma T, Saito R, Masaki H, Hoshino K, Zaraket H, Suzuki Y, Caperig-Dapat I, Dapat C, Baranovich T, Kuroki R, Makimoto Y, Shirahige Y, Asoh N, Degawa S, Ishikawa H, Kageura H, Hosoi M, Suzuki H. Molecular characteristics of outbreaks of nosocomial infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus variants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 32:267-75. [PMID: 21460512 DOI: 10.1086/658671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe outbreaks of nosocomial influenza infection with molecular methods and to elucidate the viral linkages among outbreak case patients including both inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs). SETTING A 180-bed acute and long-term care hospital in Japan. METHODS Retrospective observational study of nosocomial outbreaks of infection with influenza A/H3N2. Together with information about onset dates and vaccination history, we obtained nasopharyngeal swab samples from individuals with cases of influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI). The hemagglutinin genes of the recovered viruses were sequenced and compared, along with those of community-circulating strains, for similarity by phylogenetic tree analysis. RESULTS The outbreaks occurred from February 26 through April 3, 2007, during the 2006-2007 epidemic season, and they involved 11 patients and 13 HCWs. The 2 outbreaks involved 2 different genotypes of influenza A/H3N2 viruses. These virus variants were closely related to the influenza strains that were circulating in the community during the same epidemic season. CONCLUSION This study showed the dissemination of highly homologous influenza virus variants among inpatients and HCWs within a short period, as a result of nosocomial transmission. These strains were also similar to influenza strains that were circulating in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Oguma
- Division of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Genetic diversity and antiviral drug resistance of pandemic H1N1 2009 in Lebanon. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:170-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ogawa A. Multiple-Catalytic Sensing of Nucleic Acid Sequences by Utilising a DNA-RNA-DNA Chimeric Antisense Probe and RNase H with a Eukaryotic Cell-Free Translation System. Chembiochem 2011; 12:881-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Quantitative analysis of influenza M2 channel blockers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:394-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Identification of oseltamivir resistance among pandemic and seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses by an His275Tyr genotyping assay using the cycling probe method. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 49:125-30. [PMID: 21084523 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01401-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors are agents used against influenza viruses; however, the emergence of drug-resistant strains is a major concern. Recently, the prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus increased globally and the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses was reported. In this study, we developed a cycling probe real-time PCR method for the detection of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses. We designed two sets of primers and probes that were labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein or 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that correspond to a histidine and a tyrosine at position 275 in the neuraminidase protein, respectively. These SNPs confer susceptibility and resistance to oseltamivir, respectively. In the 2007-2008 season, the prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 viruses was 0% (0/72), but in the 2008-2009 season, it increased to 100% (282/282). In the 2009-2010 season, all of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses were susceptible to oseltamivir (0/73, 0%). This method is sensitive and specific for the screening of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) viruses. This method is applicable to routine laboratory-based monitoring of drug resistance and patient management during antiviral therapy.
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Reduced effectiveness of oseltamivir in children infected with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) viruses with His275Tyr mutation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:898-904. [PMID: 20442686 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3181de9d24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about whether neuraminidase inhibitors are effective for children infected with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses. METHODS Children aged 15 years and younger having influenza-like illness and who visited outpatient clinics within 48 hours of fever onset were enrolled from 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 influenza seasons in Japan. Patients received oseltamivir, zanamivir, or no treatment after screening by a rapid antigen test. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected before antiviral therapy and were used for virus isolation. Oseltamivir resistance was determined by detection of the H275Y mutation in neuraminidase, and susceptibility test using neuraminidase inhibition assay. Daily body temperature was evaluated according to drug type and susceptibility by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of 1647 patients screened, 238 oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 cases (87 oseltamivir-treated, 64 zanamivir-treated, and 87 nontreated) and 110 oseltamivir-susceptible cases (60 oseltamivir-treated and 50 nontreated) were evaluated. In oseltamivir-resistant cases, fever on days 4 to 5 after the start of treatment was significantly higher in oseltamivir-treated and nontreated than in zanamivir-treated patients (P < 0.05). In oseltamivir-susceptible cases, fever was significantly lower in oseltamivir-treated than nontreated on days 3 to 6 (P < 0.01). Similar findings were obtained for duration of the fever and proportion of recurrent fever. Reduced effectiveness of oseltamivir was more prominent in children 0 to 6 years old than in those 7 to 15 years old. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that lower age, nontreatment, and oseltamivir treatment of oseltamivir-resistant patients were factors associated with the duration of the longer fever. CONCLUSIONS Infection with oseltamivir-resistant viruses significantly reduced the effectiveness of oseltamivir, and this tendency was more apparent in younger children.
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Dapat C, Suzuki Y, Saito R, Kyaw Y, Myint YY, Lin N, Oo HN, Oo KY, Win N, Naito M, Hasegawa G, Dapat IC, Zaraket H, Baranovich T, Nishikawa M, Saito T, Suzuki H. Rare influenza A (H3N2) variants with reduced sensitivity to antiviral drugs. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:493-6. [PMID: 20202427 PMCID: PMC3322031 DOI: 10.3201/eid1603.091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2007 and 2008 in Myanmar, we detected influenza viruses A (H3N2) that exhibited reduced sensitivity to both zanamivir and amantadine. These rare and naturally occurring viruses harbored a novel Q136K mutation in neuraminidase and S31N mutation in M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Dapat
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Genetic makeup of amantadine-resistant and oseltamivir-resistant human influenza A/H1N1 viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1085-92. [PMID: 20129961 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01532-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and widespread occurrence of antiviral drug-resistant seasonal human influenza A viruses, especially oseltamivir-resistant A/H1N1 virus, are major concerns. To understand the genetic background of antiviral drug-resistant A/H1N1 viruses, we performed full genome sequencing of prepandemic A/H1N1 strains. Seasonal influenza A/H1N1 viruses, including antiviral-susceptible viruses, amantadine-resistant viruses, and oseltamivir-resistant viruses, obtained from several areas in Japan during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons were analyzed. Sequencing of the full genomes of these viruses was performed, and the phylogenetic relationships among the sequences of each individual genome segment were inferred. Reference genome sequences from the Influenza Virus Resource database were included to determine the closest ancestor for each segment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the oseltamivir-resistant strain evolved from a reassortant oseltamivir-susceptible strain (clade 2B) which circulated in the 2007-2008 season by acquiring the H275Y resistance-conferring mutation in the NA gene. The oseltamivir-resistant lineage (corresponding to the Northern European resistant lineage) represented 100% of the H1N1 isolates from the 2008-2009 season and further acquired at least one mutation in each of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2), polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA) genes. Therefore, a reassortment event involving two distinct oseltamivir-susceptible lineages, followed by the H275Y substitution in the NA gene and other mutations elsewhere in the genome, contributed to the emergence of the oseltamivir-resistant lineage. In contrast, amantadine-resistant viruses from the 2007-2008 season distinctly clustered in clade 2C and were characterized by extensive amino acid substitutions across their genomes, suggesting that a fitness gap among its genetic components might have driven these mutations to maintain it in the population.
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